DOCSLIB.ORG

ADVANCES in MARINE BIOLOGY Advances in MARINE BIOLOGY

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ADVANCES in MARINE BIOLOGY Advances in MARINE BIOLOGY VOLUME FIFTY THREE ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY Advances in MARINE BIOLOGY Series Editor DAVID W. SIMS Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory Citadel Hill, Plymouth, United Kingdom Editors Emeritus LEE A. FUIMAN University of Texas at Austin ALAN J. SOUTHWARD Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory Citadel Hill, Plymouth, United Kingdom CRAIG M. YOUNG Oregon Institute of Marine Biology Advisory Editorial Board ANDREW J. GOODAY Southampton Oceanography Centre GRAEME C. HAYS University of Wales Swansea SANDRA E. SHUMWAY University of Connecticut ROBERT B. WHITLATCH University of Connecticut VOLUME FIFTY THREE ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY Edited by DAVID W. SIMS Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom The Laboratory, Citadel Hill Plymouth, United Kingdom AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 84 Theobald’s Road, London WC1X 8RR, UK Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA First edition 2008 Copyright # 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (+44) (0) 1865 843830; fax (+44) (0) 1865 853333; email: [email protected]. Alternatively you can submit your request online by visiting the Elsevier web site at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions, and selecting Obtaining permission to use Elsevier material Notice No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. ISBN: 978-0-12-374119-6 ISSN: 0065-2881 For information on all Academic Press publications visit our Web site at www.books.elsevier.com Printed and bound in The Netherlands 08 09 10 11 12 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 53 Shannon Gowans Texas A&M University, Galveston, Texas 77551, USA Eckerd College, Petersburg, Florida 33711, USA Ray Hilborn School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Washington 98195, USA Daniel Huppert School of Marine Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA Leszek Karczmarski Texas A&M University, Galveston, Texas 77551, USA University of Pretoria, Mammal Research Institute, South Africa Michael J. Keough Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia Phillip S. Levin Northwest Fisheries Science Centre, NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA Dustin J. Marshall School of Integrative Biology/Centre for Marine Studies, University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia Kerry A. Naish School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Washington 98195, USA Thomas P. Quinn School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Washington 98195, USA Joseph E. Taylor, III Departments of History and Geography, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada, USA Bernd Wu¨rsig Texas A&M University, Galveston Texas 77551, USA James R. Winton Western Fisheries Research Center, US Geological Survey, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA v This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Contributors to Volume 53 v Series Contents for Last Ten Years ix 1. The Evolutionary Ecology of Offspring Size in Marine Invertebrates 1 Dustin J. Marshall and Michael J. Keough 1. Introduction 3 2. How Variable is Offspring Size Within Species? 6 3. Effects of Offspring Size 10 4. Sources of Variation in Offspring Size 28 5. Offspring-Size Models 32 6. Summary 39 Appendix 46 Acknowledgements 50 References 50 2. An Evaluation of the Effects of Conservation and Fishery Enhancement Hatcheries on Wild Populations of Salmon 61 Kerry A. Naish, Joseph E. Taylor III, Phillip S. Levin, Thomas P. Quinn, James R. Winton, Daniel Huppert, and Ray Hilborn 1. Introduction 63 2. Historical Overview of Hatchery Activities 71 3. Political Dynamics of Hatchery Programmes 78 4. Geographical Extent of Activities 84 5. Potential Consequences of Enhancement Activities 100 6. Economic Perspectives on Hatchery Programmes 150 7. Discussion 160 Acknowledgements 170 References 170 3. The Social Structure and Strategies of Delphinids: Predictions Based on an Ecological Framework 195 Shannon Gowans, Bernd Wu¨rsig, and Leszek Karczmarski 1. Biological Pressures on Social Strategies 197 2. Dolphin Ecology 205 vii viii Contents 3. Resident Communities 223 4. Wide-Ranging Communities 239 5. Intermediate-Ranging Patterns 253 6. Demographic, Social and Cultural Influences 267 7. Comparisons with Other Cetaceans 268 8. Conservation Implications 274 9. Concluding Comments 276 Acknowledgements 278 References 278 Taxonomic Index 295 Subject Index 299 SERIES CONTENTS FOR LAST TEN YEARS* Volume 30, 1994. Vincx, M., Bett, B. J., Dinet, A., Ferrero, T., Gooday, A. J., Lambs- head, P. J. D., Pfannku¨che, O., Soltweddel, T. and Vanreusel, A. Meiobenthos of the deep Northeast Atlantic. pp. 1–88. Brown, A. C. and Odendaal, F. J. The biology of oniscid isopoda of the genus Tylos. pp. 89–153. Ritz, D. A. Social aggregation in pelagic invertebrates. pp. 155–216. Ferron, A. and Legget, W. C. An appraisal of condition measures for marine fish larvae. pp. 217–303. Rogers, A. D. The biology of seamounts. pp. 305–350. Volume 31, 1997. Gardner, J. P. A. Hybridization in the sea. pp. 1–78. Egloff, D. A., Fofonoff, P. W. and Onbe´, T. Reproductive behaviour of marine cladocerans. pp. 79–167. Dower, J. F., Miller, T. J. and Leggett, W. C. The role of microscale turbulence in the feeding ecology of larval fish. pp. 169–220. Brown, B. E. Adaptations of reef corals to physical environmental stress. pp. 221–299. Richardson, K. Harmful or exceptional phytoplankton blooms in the marine ecosystem. pp. 301–385. Volume 32, 1997. Vinogradov, M. E. Some problems of vertical distribution of meso- and macroplankton in the ocean. pp. 1–92. Gebruk, A. K., Galkin, S. V., Vereshchaka, A. J., Moskalev, L. I. and Southward, A. J. Ecology and biogeography of the hydrothermal vent fauna of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. pp. 93–144. Parin, N. V., Mironov, A. N. and Nesis, K. N. Biology of the Nazca and Sala y Gomez submarine ridges, an outpost of the Indo-West Pacific fauna in the eastern Pacific Ocean: composition and distri- bution of the fauna, its communities and history. pp. 145–242. Nesis, K. N. Goniatid squids in the subarctic North Pacific: ecology, biogeography, niche diversity, and role in the ecosystem. pp. 243–324. Vinogradova, N. G. Zoogeography of the abyssal and hadal zones. pp. 325–387. Zezina, O. N. Biogeography of the bathyal zone. pp. 389–426. *The full list of contents for volumes 1–37 can be found in volume 38. ix x Series Contents for Last Ten Years Sokolova, M. N. Trophic structure of abyssal macrobenthos. pp. 427–525. Semina, H. J. An outline of the geographical distribution of oceanic phytoplankton. pp. 527–563. Volume 33, 1998. Mauchline, J. The biology of calanoid copepods. pp. 1–660. Volume 34, 1998. Davies, M. S. and Hawkins, S. J. Mucus from marine molluscs. pp. 1–71. Joyeux, J. C. and Ward, A. B. Constraints on coastal lagoon fisheries. pp. 73–199. Jennings, S. and Kaiser, M. J. The effects of fishing on marine ecosystems. pp. 201–352. Tunnicliffe, V., McArthur, A. G. and McHugh, D. A biogeographical perspective of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent fauna. pp. 353–442. Volume 35, 1999. Creasey, S. S. and Rogers, A. D. Population genetics of bathyal and abyssal organisms. pp. 1–151. Brey, T. Growth performance and mortality in aquatic macrobenthic invertebrates. pp. 153–223. Volume 36, 1999. Shulman, G. E. and Love, R. M. The biochemical ecology of marine fishes. pp. 1–325. Volume 37, 1999. His, E., Beiras, R. and Seaman, M. N. L. The assessment of marine pollution—bioassays with bivalve embryos and larvae. pp. 1–178. Bailey, K. M., Quinn, T. J., Bentzen, P. and Grant, W. S. Population structure and dynamics of walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma. pp. 179–255. Volume 38, 2000. Blaxter, J. H. S. The enhancement of marine fish stocks. pp. 1–54. Bergstro¨m, B. I. The biology of Pandalus. pp. 55–245. Volume 39, 2001. Peterson, C. H. The ‘‘Exxon Valdez’’ oil spill in Alaska: acute indirect and chronic effects on the ecosystem. pp. 1–103. Johnson, W. S., Stevens, M. and Watling, L. Reproduction and development of marine peracaridans. pp. 105–260. Series Contents for Last Ten Years xi Rodhouse, P. G., Elvidge, C. D. and Trathan, P. N. Remote sensing of the global light-fishing fleet: an analysis of interactions with oceanography, other fisheries and predators. pp. 261–303. Volume 40, 2001. Hemmingsen, W. and MacKenzie, K. The parasite fauna of the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L. pp. 1–80. Kathiresan, K. and Bingham, B. L. Biology of mangroves and man- grove ecosystems. pp. 81–251. Zaccone, G., Kapoor, B. G., Fasulo, S. and Ainis, L. Structural, histochemical and functional aspects of the epidermis of fishes. pp. 253–348. Volume 41, 2001. Whitfield, M. Interactions between phytoplankton and trace metals in the ocean. pp. 1–128. Hamel, J.-F., Conand, C., Pawson, D. L. and Mercier, A. The sea cucumber Holothuria scabra (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata): its biology and exploitation as beche-de-Mer.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Delongueville-Scaillet
    NOVAPEX / Société 13(3), 10 octobre 2012 77 Illustration de Buccinum cyaneum Bruguière, 1792 dans l’Atlantique Nord-Est Christiane DELONGUEVILLE Avenue Den Doorn, 5 – B - 1180 Bruxelles - [email protected] Roland SCAILLET Avenue Franz Guillaume, 63 – B - 1140 Bruxelles - [email protected] MOTS-CLEFS Buccinidae, Buccinum cyaneum , illustration, individus vivants KEY-WORDS Buccinidae, Buccinum cyaneum , illustration, live specimens RÉSUMÉ Buccinum cyaneum en provenance de diverses localités de l’Atlantique Nord-Est est illustré. Des spécimens vivants sont également représentés. ABSTRACT Buccinum cyaneum from different North-East Atlantic localities are illustrated. Live specimens are also presented. INTRODUCTION Buccinum cyaneum Bruguière, 1792 est un petit représentant de la famille des Buccinidae qui ne dépasse généralement pas une hauteur de 5 à 6 cm. La coquille se caractérise par une absence de plis verticaux, du moins dans la grande majorité des cas. Elle porte des côtes spirales espacées, principalement sur le dernier tour. Son opercule est pointu avec un nucleus décentré (Macpherson 1971). Buccinum cyaneum dépose des capsules ovigères à la surface lisse en amas semi-circulaires de 41 à 48 mm de diamètre (Thorson 1935). Dans celles-ci de petites coquilles s’y développent (Delongueville & Scaillet 2001). Il existe de nombreuses variétés qui ont donné lieu à la multiplication des synonymes, le plus connu est Buccinum groenlandicum Chemnitz, 1788. Certaines variétés sont illustrées dans Fraussen & Poppe (1994). Buccinum cyaneum vit à la limite des zones boréale et arctique. Sa distribution est assez vaste. On le trouve en Amérique du Nord de la Nouvelle Ecosse (Whiteaves 1901) jusqu’à l’ile d’Ellesmere, à l’ouest et au sud-est du Groenland, en Islande (Macpherson 1971), aux iles Féroé (Sneli et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Biscuit Clypeaster Subdepressus (Echinodermata: Clypeasteroida)
    Embryonic, Larval, and Juvenile Development of the Sea Biscuit Clypeaster subdepressus (Echinodermata: Clypeasteroida) Bruno C. Vellutini1,2*, Alvaro E. Migotto1,2 1 Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo, Sa˜o Sebastia˜o, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil, 2 Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biocieˆncias, Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo, Sa˜o Paulo, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil Abstract Sea biscuits and sand dollars diverged from other irregular echinoids approximately 55 million years ago and rapidly dispersed to oceans worldwide. A series of morphological changes were associated with the occupation of sand beds such as flattening of the body, shortening of primary spines, multiplication of podia, and retention of the lantern of Aristotle into adulthood. To investigate the developmental basis of such morphological changes we documented the ontogeny of Clypeaster subdepressus. We obtained gametes from adult specimens by KCl injection and raised the embryos at 260C. Ciliated blastulae hatched 7.5 h after sperm entry. During gastrulation the archenteron elongated continuously while ectodermal red-pigmented cells migrated synchronously to the apical plate. Pluteus larvae began to feed in 3 d and were *20 d old at metamorphosis; starved larvae died 17 d after fertilization. Postlarval juveniles had neither mouth nor anus nor plates on the aboral side, except for the remnants of larval spicules, but their bilateral symmetry became evident after the resorption of larval tissues. Ossicles of the lantern were present and organized in 5 groups. Each group had 1 tooth, 2 demipyramids, and 2 epiphyses with a rotula in between. Early appendages consisted of 15 spines, 15 podia (2 types), and 5 sphaeridia.
    [Show full text]
  • Shell Classification – Using Family Plates
    Shell Classification USING FAMILY PLATES YEAR SEVEN STUDENTS Introduction In the following activity you and your class can use the same techniques as Queensland Museum The Queensland Museum Network has about scientists to classify organisms. 2.5 million biological specimens, and these items form the Biodiversity collections. Most specimens are from Activity: Identifying Queensland shells by family. Queensland’s terrestrial and marine provinces, but These 20 plates show common Queensland shells some are from adjacent Indo-Pacific regions. A smaller from 38 different families, and can be used for a range number of exotic species have also been acquired for of activities both in and outside the classroom. comparative purposes. The collection steadily grows Possible uses of this resource include: as our inventory of the region’s natural resources becomes more comprehensive. • students finding shells and identifying what family they belong to This collection helps scientists: • students determining what features shells in each • identify and name species family share • understand biodiversity in Australia and around • students comparing families to see how they differ. the world All shells shown on the following plates are from the • study evolution, connectivity and dispersal Queensland Museum Biodiversity Collection. throughout the Indo-Pacific • keep track of invasive and exotic species. Many of the scientists who work at the Museum specialise in taxonomy, the science of describing and naming species. In fact, Queensland Museum scientists
    [Show full text]
  • Gastropods Morphometric Shell Landmarks Variation in Diyala River
    International Journal of Applied Research 2015; 1(10): 660-664 ISSN Print: 2394-7500 ISSN Online: 2394-5869 Gastropods Morphometric Shell Landmarks variation Impact Factor: 5.2 IJAR 2015; 1(10): 660-664 in Diyala River Basin, Iraq www.allresearchjournal.com Received: 22-07-2015 Accepted: 24-08-2015 Khansaa S Farman, Emaduldeen A Almukhtar Khansaa S Farman Department of Biology, Abstract Collage of Science for Women, The present study was conducted to detected the variation in the shells of the Freshwater Gastropods Baghdad University Iraq. species of Diyala River Basin in Iraq. For this purpose the study area was divided to two sectors, Northern and Southern sectors. The morphological variation in the shells among common species to Emaduldeen A Almukhtar Northern and Southern sectors using a Geometric Morphometric technique were examined. Department of Biology, The most abundant species Theodoxus jordani, Melanopsis praemorsa, Lymnaea natalensis, and Collage of Science for Women, Planorbis gibbonsi were collected and their shells variation in the size and shape were measured. The Baghdad University Iraq. results showed significant difference in centroid size for M. praemorsa and L. natalensis while didn’t record in T. jordani and Poggibonsi. Also the study didn’t record significance variance of symmetrical for size and shape of the shell in all species. Key words: Geometric morphometric, Landmarks, Gastropods, Diyala river Introduction Diyala river is one of the most important tributaries of River Tigris, and is one of the main water bodies of Iraq. It runs through Iran and Iraq drains an area of 32600 km2 and about [2] 445 km.
    [Show full text]
  • Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida)
    Zootaxa 3857 (4): 501–526 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:76021E0C-7542-455B-82F4-C670A3DC8806 Phylogenetic re-evaluation of fossil and extant micro-echinoids with revision of Tridium, Cyamidia, and Lenicyamidia (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida) RICH MOOI1, ANDREAS KROH2,4 & DINESH K. SRIVASTAVA3 1Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Geology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 2Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria. E-mail: [email protected] 3Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India. E-mail: [email protected] 4Corresponding author Abstract Tridium kieri Tandon & Srivastava, 1980, a clypeasteroid micro-echinoid from the Middle Eocene of Kachchh, India, has an apical system with just 3 gonopores. This condition is otherwise almost unknown among clypeasteroids, yet the mor- phology of Tridium is very similar to that of extant Fibularia, including members of another relatively poorly known ge- nus from the Indian subcontinent and Western Australia, Cyamidia Lambert & Thiéry, 1914. Re-examination of the type and additional material of T. kieri and Cyamidia paucipora Brunnschweiler, 1962, along with specimens identified as C. nummulitica nummulitica (Duncan & Sladen, 1884), allows for redescription of these forms. For the first time, maps of coronal plate architecture of Tridium and Cyamidia are developed, and SEM images of test surface details of the former are provided.
    [Show full text]
  • Seashore Pocket Guide
    . y a B e e L d n a n i t r a M e b m o C , h t u o m n y L ) e v o b a ( . e m i t m e h t e v i g u o y f i e c i v e r c n e d d i h a m o r f t u o . a n i l l a r o c d n a e s l u d s a h c u s s d e e w a e s b a r C e l b i d E k u . v o g . k r a p l a n o i t a n - r o o m x e . w w w e r a t s a o c s ’ r o o m x E n o e f i l d l i w e r o h s a e s k c a b e v o m n e t f o l l i w s b a r c d n a h s i F . l l i t s y r e v g n i p e e k d e r r e v o c s i d n a c u o y s l o o p k c o r r o f k o o l o t s e c a l p e t i r u o v a f r u o f o e m o S , g n i h c t a w e m i t d n e p S .
    [Show full text]
  • DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS of the 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project
    DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project March 2018 DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project Citation: Aguilar, R., García, S., Perry, A.L., Alvarez, H., Blanco, J., Bitar, G. 2018. 2016 Deep-sea Lebanon Expedition: Exploring Submarine Canyons. Oceana, Madrid. 94 p. DOI: 10.31230/osf.io/34cb9 Based on an official request from Lebanon’s Ministry of Environment back in 2013, Oceana has planned and carried out an expedition to survey Lebanese deep-sea canyons and escarpments. Cover: Cerianthus membranaceus © OCEANA All photos are © OCEANA Index 06 Introduction 11 Methods 16 Results 44 Areas 12 Rov surveys 16 Habitat types 44 Tarablus/Batroun 14 Infaunal surveys 16 Coralligenous habitat 44 Jounieh 14 Oceanographic and rhodolith/maërl 45 St. George beds measurements 46 Beirut 19 Sandy bottoms 15 Data analyses 46 Sayniq 15 Collaborations 20 Sandy-muddy bottoms 20 Rocky bottoms 22 Canyon heads 22 Bathyal muds 24 Species 27 Fishes 29 Crustaceans 30 Echinoderms 31 Cnidarians 36 Sponges 38 Molluscs 40 Bryozoans 40 Brachiopods 42 Tunicates 42 Annelids 42 Foraminifera 42 Algae | Deep sea Lebanon OCEANA 47 Human 50 Discussion and 68 Annex 1 85 Annex 2 impacts conclusions 68 Table A1. List of 85 Methodology for 47 Marine litter 51 Main expedition species identified assesing relative 49 Fisheries findings 84 Table A2. List conservation interest of 49 Other observations 52 Key community of threatened types and their species identified survey areas ecological importanc 84 Figure A1.
    [Show full text]
  • Predator-Inducible Defences and Local Intrapopulation Variability of The
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 276: 115–123, 2004 Published August 2 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Predator-inducible defences and local intra- population variability of the intertidal mussel Semimytilus algosus in central Chile Andrés U. Caro, Juan Carlos Castilla* Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology & Biodiversity, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile ABSTRACT: Predator-inducible defences have a strong influence on the expression of morphological traits of intertidal invertebrates. For instance, mussels exposed to predators often have thicker shells than non-exposed. On the intertidal rocky shores of Chile, the mussel Semimytilus algosus is a pre- ferred prey of many carnivorous invertebrates, including the snails Nucella crassilabrum and Con- cholepas concholepas, and the crab Acanthocyclus gayi. Preliminary observations indicated that S. algosus exists as 2 morphotypes: a thick, smooth shell and a thinner, ringed shell. The thick-shell morphotype was found mostly on compact, rocky platforms, whereas the thin one was found on emer- gent rocks. We examined the role of invertebrate predators in determining the morphological differ- ences observed in S. algosus as a process of defence induction. The density and size of mussel preda- tors showed significant differences between habitats: A. gayi dominating the platforms and N. crassilabrum emergent rocks. C. concholepas did not show differences between habitats. Water- borne cue experiments demonstrated that the mussel shell thickness is increased by the presence of predators, especially A. gayi. Furthermore, in contrast to the other predators, A. gayi preferentially selects mussels of the thin-shell morphotype. We demonstrate the cause and effect connection between variation in mussel shell morphology in the laboratory and their associated spatial distribu- tion in the field, as well as the ecological role played by predators.
    [Show full text]
  • Feeding Mechanisms in the Gastropod Crepidula Fecunda*
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 234: 171–181, 2002 Published June 3 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Feeding mechanisms in the gastropod Crepidula fecunda* O. R. Chaparro1,**, R. J. Thompson2, S. V. Pereda1 1Instituto de Biología Marina ‘Dr. J. Winter’, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile 2Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland A1C 5S7, Canada ABSTRACT: The gastropod Crepidula fecunda feeds in 2 distinct ways: grazing of the substrate and suspension feeding. The taenioglossan radula plays a role in both processes. In the former, the radula rasps the surface, and the material is immediately ingested. This means of food acquisition is mainly used by motile individuals, i.e. juveniles and adult males. Adult females are sessile, and are only able to rasp the area beneath the head region, severely limiting the amount of food acquired. Females brooding egg capsules are even more restricted, since the area normally grazed is occupied by the capsule mass. The second mode of feeding, suspension feeding, is exhibited by late juveniles and all adults. Suspended particles are captured in mucous nets on the ventral and dorsal surfaces of the single gill lamella. The entrained particles, loosely bound in mucus, are transported by ciliary action to the distal tips of the filaments, which are bulbous. The material accumulates in 2 mucous strings which traverse the ventral surfaces of the filaments at right angles to the filaments along the entire length of the distal margin of the gill. These strings coalesce into a single, thicker string, which is transferred at intervals to a food canal in the neck, where it is twisted into a compact, mucous cord by a spiral action of the neck canal musculature.
    [Show full text]
  • Ver Número Completo
    AMICI MOLLUSCARUM Número 18, aañoño 202010101010 Amici Molluscarum es una revista de publicación anual bilingüe, editada por la Sociedad Malacológica de Chile (SMACH) desde el año 1992, siendo la continuación del boletín Comunicaciones, publicado entre 1979 y 1986. Cuenta con el patrocinio del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile (MNHNCL). Tiene el propósito de publicar artículos científicos originales, así como también comunicaciones breves (notas científicas), fichas de especies, comentarios de libros y revisiones en todos los ámbitos de la malacología. ISSN 07180718----97619761 (versión en línea) Los textos e ilustraciones contenidos en esta revista pueden reproducirse, siempre que se mencione su origen, indicando el nombre del autor o su procedencia, y se agregue el volumen y año de publicación. Imagen de la cubierta: Red de haplotipos en Thais chocolata (G. Fuenzalida). Imagen de la contracubierta: Larva véliger planctotrófica de Diaulula punctuolata (R. Contreras). Amici Molluscarum http://www.amicimolluscarum.com Sociedad Malacológica de Chile (SMACH) http://www.smach.cl AMICI MOLLUSCARUM Sociedad Malacológica de Chile (SMACH) Comité editorial Director general Gonzalo Collado Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile Editores asociados Cristian Aldea Fundación CEQUA, Punta Arenas, Chile Omar Avila-Poveda Universidad del Mar, Oaxaca, México Roberto Cipriani Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela Felipe Briceño Universidad de Tasmania, Tasmania Laura Huaquín Sociedad Malacológica de Chile, Valdivia, Chile Christian Ibáñez Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile Sergio Letelier Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago, Chile Sven Nielsen Universidad Kiel, Alemania Cecilia Osorio Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile Francisco Rocha Universidad de Vigo, España Instrucciones para los autores Amici Molluscarum es la revista editada por la Sociedad · Si la referencia bibliográfica es un artículo científico, el Malacológica de Chile (SMACH), con publicación anual.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: PATTERNS IN
    ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: PATTERNS IN DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF BENTHIC MOLLUSCS ALONG A DEPTH GRADIENT IN THE BAHAMAS Michael Joseph Dowgiallo, Doctor of Philosophy, 2004 Dissertation directed by: Professor Marjorie L. Reaka-Kudla Department of Biology, UMCP Species richness and abundance of benthic bivalve and gastropod molluscs was determined over a depth gradient of 5 - 244 m at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas by deploying replicate benthic collectors at five sites at 5 m, 14 m, 46 m, 153 m, and 244 m for six months beginning in December 1993. A total of 773 individual molluscs comprising at least 72 taxa were retrieved from the collectors. Analysis of the molluscan fauna that colonized the collectors showed overwhelmingly higher abundance and diversity at the 5 m, 14 m, and 46 m sites as compared to the deeper sites at 153 m and 244 m. Irradiance, temperature, and habitat heterogeneity all declined with depth, coincident with declines in the abundance and diversity of the molluscs. Herbivorous modes of feeding predominated (52%) and carnivorous modes of feeding were common (44%) over the range of depths studied at Lee Stocking Island, but mode of feeding did not change significantly over depth. One bivalve and one gastropod species showed a significant decline in body size with increasing depth. Analysis of data for 960 species of gastropod molluscs from the Western Atlantic Gastropod Database of the Academy of Natural Sciences (ANS) that have ranges including the Bahamas showed a positive correlation between body size of species of gastropods and their geographic ranges. There was also a positive correlation between depth range and the size of the geographic range.
    [Show full text]
  • CONE SHELLS - CONIDAE MNHN Koumac 2018
    Living Seashells of the Tropical Indo-Pacific Photographic guide with 1500+ species covered Andrey Ryanskiy INTRODUCTION, COPYRIGHT, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INTRODUCTION Seashell or sea shells are the hard exoskeleton of mollusks such as snails, clams, chitons. For most people, acquaintance with mollusks began with empty shells. These shells often delight the eye with a variety of shapes and colors. Conchology studies the mollusk shells and this science dates back to the 17th century. However, modern science - malacology is the study of mollusks as whole organisms. Today more and more people are interacting with ocean - divers, snorkelers, beach goers - all of them often find in the seas not empty shells, but live mollusks - living shells, whose appearance is significantly different from museum specimens. This book serves as a tool for identifying such animals. The book covers the region from the Red Sea to Hawaii, Marshall Islands and Guam. Inside the book: • Photographs of 1500+ species, including one hundred cowries (Cypraeidae) and more than one hundred twenty allied cowries (Ovulidae) of the region; • Live photo of hundreds of species have never before appeared in field guides or popular books; • Convenient pictorial guide at the beginning and index at the end of the book ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The significant part of photographs in this book were made by Jeanette Johnson and Scott Johnson during the decades of diving and exploring the beautiful reefs of Indo-Pacific from Indonesia and Philippines to Hawaii and Solomons. They provided to readers not only the great photos but also in-depth knowledge of the fascinating world of living seashells. Sincere thanks to Philippe Bouchet, National Museum of Natural History (Paris), for inviting the author to participate in the La Planete Revisitee expedition program and permission to use some of the NMNH photos.
    [Show full text]