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Mars at the JANUARY / FEBRUARY 2002 $4.95 to the stars North Pole Houston, We’ve Got Water! Hey, Are We THE MAGAZINE OF THE NATIONAL SPACE SOCIETY Martians? Space Food to Go! Mars on Earth May/June 2002 ⅷ $4.95 Are we alone? Our mission is to explore, understand and explain the origin, nature, prevalence and distribution of life in the universe... and we can’t do it alone! SETI Institute - 2035 Landings Drive - Mountain View, CA 94043 - phone (650) 961-6633 - fax (650) 961-7099 - www.seti.org A SELECT FEW HAVE BEEN ABOA RD... NOW IT S YOUR TURN! P resented By In Cooperation With NARRATED BY TOM CRUISE DIRECTED AND FILMED IN SPACE BY THE AST RO N AU TS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STA TION IMAX CORPORATION AND LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION PRESENT IN COOPERATION WITH THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION “SPACE STATION” NARRATED DIRECTOR OF PHOTOGRAPHY MUSIC ASSOCIATE CONSULTING PRODUCED AND BY TOM CRUISE AND ASTRONAUT TRAINING JAMES NEIHOUSE BY MICKY ERBE AND MARIBETH SOLOMON PRODUCER JUDY CARROLL PRODUCER GRAEME FERGUSON DIRECTED BY TONI MYERS © 2001 IMAX CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. IMAX® IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK OF IMAX CORPORATION. W W W.IMAX.CO M DAILY DEPARTURES! GET YOUR TICKET TO SPACE! JANUARY / FEBRUARY 2002 $4.95 to the stars THE MAGAZINE OF THE NATIONAL SPACE SOCIETY Volume 14, Number 3 May/June 2002 MODULES 4 Launch Pad 6 Mission Control Space Beat What’s Up? Unconventional Space 42 NSS Board Candidate Statements 53 Space Community 56 Lifting Off ON THE COVER: An HMP scientist in Hamilton-Sunstrand’s concept space- suit for advanced planetary exploration testing out new information technologies in support of field geology on EVA. Such EVA research for future space exploration will continue on the HMP with support provided in part by the National Space Society. Photo: NASA HMP 2001/Pascal Lee AD ASTRA, which means “to the stars” in Latin, is the motto of the National Space Society, an international membership group dedicated to furthering the exploration and development of space. Our bimonthly magazine AD ASTRA is only one of many NSS activities aimed at creating a spacefaring civilization. For more information on NSS call 1-202-543-1900 or visit www.nss.org/ PAYLOAD 12 MARS ON EARTH 30 TWO DRY FOR LIFE: Preparing for Mars in a unique THE ATACAMA DESERT AND MARS public/private—and international—setting. Too hostile for Earth microbes, BY PASCAL LEE, SETI INSTITUTE the Atacama is a good simulation of Mars. BY CHRISTOPHER P. M CKAY, NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER 18 EARTH ON MARS 34 HITCHHIKING ON A METEORITE: Bringing a slice of Earth with IS THERE MARS LIFE ON EARTH? us as we explore—and settle—Mars. Q: Are we Martians? BY KEITH COWING, SPACEREF INTERACTIVE BY KEITH COWING, SPACEREF INTERACTIVE 22 “HOUSTON, WE’VE GOT WATER!” 37 SPACE FOOD: CHICKEN ALA KING ANYONE? A report from the Food traveling into deep space has Lunar and Planetary Science to provide excellent nutrition, be safe, Conference in Houston, Texas. easy to digest, and appealing to the crew. BY PAT DASCH BY LAKSHMI SANDHANA 26 ASTROBIOLOGY ON MARS: 40 SOLAR SAILS UNDER PRESSURE AND IN HOT WATER The Next Best Way to Get There? Looking for life in extreme environments. BY DIANA WHITMAN BY MICHAEL MEYER, NASA HEADQUARTERS NASA, Pat Rawlings MODULESa MARS ON The theme of this issue of Ad Astra is “Mars on Earth” — how we can use our planet to get ready to explore Mars. Even though a human to Mars has not been formally EARTH started, people all over the world are preparing for the day when humans will live and work on Mars. Many locations on Earth have characteristics that make them similar to Mars—such locations are referred to as “Mars analogs.” It is in these locations where a wide variety of research projects are underway. There is one substance whose abundance on Mars is crucial if life ever took hold Keith Cowing on this world. Water. The abundance of water will also be a key driver in how humans Guest Editor explore Mars. In “Houston, we’ve got water!” former NSS Executive Director Pat Dasch provides an overview of a recent scientific meeting where the initial results from the Mars Odyssey spacecraft were presented. The preliminary news is promising: it would seem that Mars has a lot of water— and it is everywhere and within easy reach. Despite having a large amount of water, Mars is still an incredibly dry place at the surface. One of the Mars analogs being studied for its potential to help us understand the challenges life might face is the ultra- dry Atacama Desert in South America. In “Two dry for life: The Atacama Desert & Mars,” NASA’s Christopher McKay provides an overview of current research as it relates to the search for life on Mars. One of the planned steps in the current robotic exploration of Mars is to return samples to Earth for analysis. This will be a complex and costly mission to undertake. Luckily, nature is way ahead of us and has been throwing rocks from Mars to Earth since the dawn of the solar system. In “Hitchhiking on a Meteorite: Is there Mars Life on Earth?,” I look at how rocks are thrown between worlds—and what the prospects are for life to have made the trip as well. Getting to Mars may be hard, but unraveling the planet’s history will be an equally arduous task. Life, if it is present, may be located in rather hard to reach locations. As such, new technologies need to be devel- oped to conduct this search. In “Astrobiology on Mars: under pressure and in hot water,” NASA’s Michael Meyers provides an introduction to the challenges and possible solutions. Sending humans to Mars in such fashion that they can make the best of the opportunity in a safe and productive way is going to require that we do a lot of homework first on Earth. It is one thing to test a piece of hardware or a procedure in the comfort of a lab. It is quite another thing to do this in a hostile, expeditionary environment—one which also resembles the harsh conditions on Mars. In “Mars on Earth: The NASA Haughton-Mars Project,” the SETI Institute’s Pascal Lee looks at the wide range of Mars ana- log research being performed at Haughton Crater located on Canada’s remote Devon Island. Many Mars mission scenarios include life support systems composed of a mixture of chemical and bio- logical components. In “Earth on Mars: Greenhouses on the Red Planet,” I examine what it would take to build a greenhouse on Mars—and how we might decide some day to make the entire planet habitable through terraforming. On to Mars! Keith Cowing http://www.nss.orhttp://www.nss.ordg / 4 may Ⅲ june 2002 Ad Astra to the stars launch pad This issue details the exciting work NASA and SETI 600 Pennsylvania Ave., S.E. MARS VIA EARTH? Suite 201 are doing at the literal roof of the world in training Washington, DC 20003 (202) 543-1900 WHY NOT! and planning for future expeditions to the Red Planet. The exciting story of this research gives us all hope that when the time comes and our national http://www.nss.org/ leaders re-commit themselves to exploration at the center of our national space program, the Alison Schutt preliminary stages will have been put in place. NSS strongly supports sending humans beyond Administrative Officer Kirby Ikin Earth’s orbit; it’s a main tenet of our roadmap to space. But clearly much work remains to be Vivian Silver done to learn about the radiation, spacecraft designs, propulsion and power, and operational Chairman of the Membership Coordinator Board of Directors issues facing those intrepid explorers of, we hope, the not-too-distant future. Sherry Wilson Direct Marketing / Will it be risky? Certainly. Will it be cheap? No, not likely. But the risks posed by that first voyage can be Chapter Relations Manager significantly reduced by the kinds of research now underway at Devon Island. JANUARY / FEBRUARY 2002 $4.95 Onward to Mars! And let NSS help lead the way. Ad Astra! to the stars Kirby Ikin THE MAGAZINE OF THE NATIONAL SPACE SOCIETY Publisher National Space Society Editor-in-Chief Frank Sietzen, Jr. Officers Kirby Ikin, Chairman of the Board of Directors Ⅲ Daniel Brandenstein, President Ⅲ Guest Editor Keith Cowing Hugh Downs, Chairman of the Board of Governors Ⅲ Gordon Woodcock, Executive Vice President Ⅲ Jeffrey Liss, Senior Vice President Ⅲ Greg Rucker, Vice President of Fundraising Ⅲ Senior Contributing Editor Greg Allison, Vice President of Chapters Ⅲ Jay Wittner, Vice President of Membership Ⅲ John Kross Ⅲ Ⅲ Christopher M. Pancratz, Vice President of Public Affairs Joe Redfield, Treasurer Contributing Columnist and Analyst Mark Hopkins, Secretary Ⅲ Joseph Ausmann, CPA, Assistant Treasurer Ⅲ Taylor Dinerman Bob Gounley, Assistant Secretary Ⅲ Ken Schwetje, General Counsel Copy Editor Jonathan Aretakis Directors Laurence Ahearn Murray Clark Ⅲ Marianne Dyson Ⅲ Michael J. Gilbrook Ⅲ Francis X. Govers Ⅲ Photographer Joe Marino Mark Hopkins Ⅲ Dana Johnson Ⅲ Ronnie Lajoie Ⅲ Brian Lundquist Ⅲ Bruce Mackenzie Ⅲ Tim McEgan Clifford McMurray Ⅲ Stewart Nozette Ⅲ Robert Pearlman Ⅲ Karen Savage Ⅲ Art Direction and Graphic Design Charles Walker Ⅲ Alan Wasser Ⅲ Wayne White Ⅲ Simon P. Worden Ⅲ Philip Young Ⅲ Robert Zubrin Leonard D. Righter Andrew S. Ladson Advisors Production Services C. J. Cherryh Ⅲ David Criswell Ⅲ Jerry Grey Ⅲ Joe Haldeman Ⅲ Eleanor Helin Ⅲ Mercury Publishing Services, Inc. Mark Holthaus Ⅲ Barbara Marx Hubbard Ⅲ Margaret Jordan Ⅲ Florence Nelson Ⅲ Scott Pace Ⅲ Ⅲ Ⅲ Ⅲ Glenn Reynolds Stanley G. Rosen Stanley Schmidt Craig Ward Ad Astra (ISSN 1041-102X) is published bimonthly by the National Space Society.
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