" 1989 " Volume 7 " Number 1 CenterviewEast-West Road Honolulu, HI 96848 ..,, s Centerviews is a publication ofrlst-West Center ,, 1777 January-February Pacific threatened by 'Greenhouse Effect' by Charles Turner

nations with coastlines and crops susceptible to the so-called pacificGreenhouse Effect could be wiped out "as effectively as by] a nuclear bomb" unless developed coun- tries take urgent action to avert such a catastrophe, according to Geoffrey Palmer, deputy prime minister of New . Zealand. Palmer made the prediction during a recent talk on "Climate Change: A Pa- cific Perspective" at the East-West Center under sponsorship of the Pacific Man- time Collegium and the Center. The New Zealander, who also serves as his country's minister of justice, minister of the environment and attor- ney general, minced few words in criticizing larger nations for dragging their feet on the problems arising from the Greenhouse Effect. (The Greenhouse Effect derives its name from the anticipated changes in climate and sea levels which some .,. : " scientists believe can be attributed to ozone and accumulation of "At depletion G , r* , by the .4 gases-mainly produced burning fuels-in the earth's at- ' of fossil : . . . . : "" :: ' . , .' . ' '- moshere.) Palmer said the situation has " grown so bad that it "constitutes a crisis for ' the world- a moral crisis." .. . ' ,. .'. ', .." . . .. . developed He urged other countries to "recognh/e the to the Pacific and take effec I/ic and the Center's annual International Fair is evident in this 1988 Indian women moments he- danger exciteuu'nt flavor of portrait of four tive collective action." the dance "Garba." This to the is scheduled for April 15. For information see p. 6. fti they performed year's fair, open free public, Failure to take immediate preventive ----- steps could result in a major increase in ultraviolet radiation, wiping out island- ers' food chains, he said, adding: "Unless the developed countries act ur- gently, some of the smallest nations in cpr ef the world may be doomed. If the worst At Vietnam war films, the str r happens, the Greenhouse Effect will . lovers, filmmakers, people of many annihilate them as effectively as a by Roger Ebert races and large numbers of American nuclear bomb. veterans of the war. "Their languages, cultures and moments like this one. I t could have turned into a fairly There were lifestyles could vanish forever. Their touchy situation. The Vietnam vet- showed the scene from The Deer Hunter homelands will become uninhabitable. Jeran was on his feet, talking about in which American prisoners of war are There will be little sign that they ever how every nation has had "warriors" to tortured by their Viet Cong captors by inhabited the Pacific. And the process their wars for them, and he was forced to a of fight being play deadly game will be no less painful simply because proud to have been an American warn- Russian roulette. The room was it is slow" or in Vietnam. He was talking to a hushed, all except for the soft whisper Some scientists hav forecast that group of Vietnamese filmmakers, the of John Charlot, a research associate at there will he a noticeable rise in ocean first ones to visit the United States the East-West Center, who was translat- levels by the year 2030. Others say it the scene into French for Dinh since the war ended 15 years ago. Was ing will take 100 years before the seas reach he to tell to the hell a film and drama teacher from going them get Quang, alarming heights. back where they came from? Hanoi. Palmer said the Greenhouse Effect is If have seen the scene, have No, he was not. With his voice shak- you you "one of such importance that politicians A a ing, the veteran said he believed in his not forgotten it. Vietnamese puts and policymakers are having to get to cause while he was for it, but bullet into a and hands it to fighting gun John grips with it." He said New Zealand al- of the war had con- who one of three years studying Savage, plays young ready has begun studies to cope with Americans from who have vinced him that America was in the Pennsylvania the problem of climate changes. wrong. He took a letter out of his pock- been taken prisoner. Savage is ordered "Recent measurements over Antarctica et and presented it to one of the Viet- to put the gun to his head and pull the have revealed what we call the ozone namese. It was a letter of apology for trigger. He is shaking with fear. His hole," he said, adding that this has their Robert De Niro, tells invading country. buddy, played by caused great concern, for it may signal That was on the first of one of him to the be- day pull goddamn trigger, a faster deterioration of the ozone layer the most weeks of cause he has no choice-if he doesn't, extraordinary my than was previously anticipated. life, at this Hawaii International he'll be in water to his neck in a From the movie '84 Charlie Mopic year's put up "Reduced levels of stratospheric ozone Film Festival, sponsored by the East- rat-infested dragon cage. have also been detected over southern West Center. after movies This scene of a wartime was Day day, atrocity nam, and was certainly not inflicted by New Zealand. My country already has were shown about the war in the central of The Deer Hunter, image the North Vietnamese upon their a very high incidence of skin cancer. It movies like Pla- and was debated when the film Vietnam-Hollywood hotly prisoners of war. could become much worse." toon and Now, and Viet- on American TV and Apocalypse played allegedly "Furthermore," Dinh Quang added, (Ozone is a thin trace gas in the namese movies have never heard some viewers to you inspired experiment "the so-called Vietnamese in the film earth's atmosphere, eight to 28 miles of, like When the Tenth Month Comes and with Russian roulette themselves. When were all Chinese actors, and were that filters out much of the Brothers and Relations. In the afternoons, the came on, we discussed it they high, lights speaking Chinese." ultraviolet light from the sun. Depletion I ran a symposium in which we ana- and then Dinh Quang came to the front He did not on to that all of the ozone has been of the war, of the room. go say layer clearly lyzed Hollywood's images Asians look alike and sound alike to linked with chlorofluorocarbons, which In the evenings, the Vietnamese "What," he asked, "is Russian Westerners. He did not need to. But are used for refrigeration, foam plastic showed their new films. The audiences roulette? How is this game played?" included all sorts of cross- Charlot, the people--a interpreter, explained continued on page 4 continued on page 6 section of Honolulu, including film that the game was unknown in Viet-

Page 2 JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1989 Centerviews

0 Ce-11 enter to 1DfPn,,qifv education The Board of Governors of the East- research professor of economics at the University West Center has approved a set of long- of Hawaii since 1971. He has written range research and education plans and lectured extensively on trade and designed to meet the rapidly growing iopment in Asia, needs of the Asia-Pacific region. The board endorsed a diversity of programs that will intensify Center research on economic development, broaden public education programs and strengthen studies on resource manage- ment, population dynamics, cultural is- sues, Pacific island development, international relations and other critical issues. The plans note that a keystone in all Center programs is collaborative work in partnership with researchers and institutions throughout the region. The board held its semi-annual meeting in Honolulu on January 30. Members of the East-West Center's Foundation Board of Directors, a pri- vate, non-profit organization established to support Center programs, also met with the Board of Governors to disucss (From il), BOG Chairman Chaplin, EWCA President Setnmoto and Center President Li. the Center's long-range plans. At a board meeting of the Founda- Discussion at the Foundation board Center vice president since 1987 He tion, the directors approved in principle meeting also included current external will take on added responsibilities of the components of a corporate affiliates funding needs of the Center, related to coordinating academic activities program for the Center. the transition toward an expanded throughout the Center. An internation- About 25 will be Center in the next major corporations program few years. ally recognized demographer, Cho solicited for Leaders of corporate affiliate member- the East-West Center As- received his Ph.D. in sociology from the As affiliates, will sociation, ship. they receive a representing the Center's University of Chicago in 1965 and is the of number services tailored to supply 25,000 alumni, met with the Board of author of many works on population them with greater information related Governors and outlined plans to con- and development issues. He joined the to the economic outlook of the Asia- duct regional conferences on a range of Center as a research associate in 1970 Pacific will region. They also have ac- economic and international issues dur- and has been professor and cess to adjunct other educational programs of ing the next three years. professor of sociology and economics at particular interest to the corporate sec- The EWC board also approved the the University of Hawaii since then. tor: a fellowship program for business appointments by EWC President Victor Naya, director of the Center's executives, similar to the existing Jeffer- Hao Li of Lee-Jay Cho as vice president Resource Systems Institute since 1984, son Fellowship program for journalists, for academic affairs and Seiji Naya as is former chief economist for the Asian and a summer cultural training insti- vice president for strategic planning. Development Bank. He received his tute, which is de- Cho, director of the currently being EWC Population Ph.D. in economics from the University veloped. Institute since 1974, has served as a of Wisconsin in 1965 and has been a

Educational the cultural divide According to the Population Reference workshoppeople of different cultures bridgesand that he warns. "Instead, break into realization that other yougreat people are not in- Bureau, by the end of this most one can learn to and to century recognize adapt small groups and let them work with ferior because they happen to be differ- Americans will be descended at least in these situations." each other, allowing them to rehearse ent from you; and the ability to part from Brislin that cultural conflict be- adjust non-Europeans. says and practice. They might then elect a better to everyday stresses in whatever for this tween the East and West is often the Explanations phenomemon spokesperson:' culture or sub-culture you are in. include recent waves of Asian and result of different very philosophical The rewards for learning to operate "The purpose of cross-cultural train- Hispanic immigrants to the United orientations, the West being individu- effectively in a multicultural environ- she writes, "is not to States, ing," homogenize intermarriage among ethnic alistic in its orientation, the East being ment are Susan L. Allen, a the world the differences and the many. by erasing groups fact that Caucasian cou- collective. As an example, he notes that graduate of Brislin's who Differences are as- are workshop among people. ples having fewer children than people from collective cultures are received her doctorate in Media Anthro- sumed, and valued. The is to other ethnic goal... groups. us our need for While other help grow beyond factors also contribute to to be like us. Research has this everyone changing demographic profile, one shown that who learn to live be- is clear: The future will be cultur- people thing their one cultural frame of diverse, and Americans had better yond given ally reference tend, in the run, to be- start to live in it. long learning come much more creative. have a This is the advice, at least, of Center They kind of that shows in research associate and intercultural "The hybrid energy goal of crosi. their work and in their lives. They in- specialist Richard Brislin, who says that ternalize the of a feelings of cultural relativity days geographically isolated and and cultural is connectedness. They are much less culturally homogeneous America training authoritarian are over. and rigid. And, they have a need for achievement:' Americans are us greater Increasingly, being re- help grow beyonc "Your own culture tends to seem to u stakes and to quired pull move until are out of it," new, communities, amorphous you ethnically integrated our need everi1io: adds Brislin. "There are real stresses he are that for says. They finding job open- and strains But often them to work with making adjustments. ings require to be like us. almost 90 of the who do from different cultural back- percent people people learn to interact with another culture, grounds, that schools are becoming later recommend the experience to more and more integrated and that col- Richard Brislin others. There is a feeling of 'I did it,' or, leges and universities are a accepting 'If I can make this adjustment, there's growing number of foreign students. not much else in life I can't cope with." Brislin remembers a time not too long ago when he had difficulty convincing educators of the need for intercultural much closer to their extended families. pology while serving as a research in- This Summer the De- No more. summer he remain at their year's Workshop for training. Every They jobs longer. They tern at the East-West Center, recently Intercultural Coursework at now conducts a two- don't velopment of highly popular change religions. And unlike in- reported in the American Per- and Universities will be held at week for College Colleges the workshop college and univer- dividualistic Westerners, they don't join sonnel Association newsletter that East-West Center 12 to 21 and is that has July open sity faculty broken new ground clubs (something Brislin feels are a sub- researchers have identified at least 12 to and who wish in the college university faculty development of intercultural stitute for the extended family). results of cross-cultural to courses in intercultural and inter- coursework. training. develop Members of collective cultures, he These include a greater understand- national topics. The areas in which intercultural adds, are general "Traditionally, training not required as they grow up ing of issues from other people's points courses can be are the behavioral have been to developed programs culture-specific," develop dynamic self-presentation of view; a decrease in the use of nega- sciences, social sciences and education. Par- he "That is, teach someone says. they skills. And making quick, witty remarks tive stereotypes; a to read tuition the can include how to willingness ticipant for program live in a certain country or com- is not culturally valued, as it is in the more international news and other in- For more a dormitory housing. information prehend certain culture. Our ap- West. "If you are in a group situation formation that doesn't coincide with write: Richard Brislin, 1777 East-West is it assumes with proach culture-general; Asians and you want participa- what you already believe; the ability to Road, East-West Center, Institute Culture that there are common that tion, of problems you don't call on one of them to see more connections between yourself and Communication, Honolulu, Hawaii appear repeatedly in encounters among get up and give an impromptu speech," and the rest of the world; an emotional 96848.

Centèrviews JAUAk-EBRUARY 1989 Page i 'Diamonds are forever-and so, it seems, is cartel 1987 to 63 percent in 2000, the cartel The researchers said a key difference South African diamond production is by John Williams will continue to be effective, and that between diamonds and other commodi- on the wane, due to expansions in Bot- diamond price increases are expected to ties is that De Beers has devised a swana, the Soviet Union and Australia traditionally predict continue their long-term trend of out- unique classification system that that are forecast to account for 85 per- that cartels can't last, but the performing other mineral commodities. matches the prices of some 3,000 cent of world expansion in diamond Economistsworld diamond cartel that began Johnson noted that Asia is becoming categories of diamonds with worldwide production in the 1990s, according to more than half a century ago shows no a leading purchaser of the precious demand. The categories represent the the study. signs of cracking, according to a new stones. Imports to Japan grew from wide range in sizes, shapes, colors and "Australia has probably attracted more Center study. about 400,000 carats per year in the late qualities of diamonds produced and the diamond exploration over the past de- "Mineral cartels come and go," says 1960s to 1.57 million carats in 1986. considerable differences in value result- cade than any other country and has Center Research Associate Charles That figure was expected to double to 3 ing from very small variations in these become the world's largest diamond Johnson, one of the study's authors. million carats in 1988. characteristics. "In addition, stockpiling producer in terms of carats, but not in "Petroleum, tin, copper and bauxite Asia is also poised to become the of those diamonds not in current de- value," said Johnson. Production in 1987 have flourished and crumbled, but the world leader in diamond cutting, an in- mand is an essential part of Dc Beers totaled 3,300,000 carats. Other Asian diamond cartel continues to live up to dustry that is concentrated in New control of rough diamond prices," John- countries mining diamonds include its advertising slogan-diamonds are York, Antwerp, Tel Aviv and Bombay. son said. China, 200,000 to 300,000 carats, and In- forever.' Economists will probably have Since the early 1970s, Bombay has been Rough diamond prices are projected donesia, where production is only at to wait until well into the 21st century the most rapidly growing center and to increase at faster rates than inflation 15,000 to 30,000 carats per year but to see a major crack in this cartel." now cuts more than 50 percent of the in the 1990s because the forecast is for shows future promise. The study, "World Diamond Industry world's volume of gems and near-gems. supplies to increase only 1 percent per Johnson pointed out that De Beers is 1970-2000;' will be published in the "Employment in the Indian cutting and year compared to the historical growth not a pure monopoly: "Mines in which issue of Natural Resources Forum, is at May polishing industry estimated rate of 4 to 5 percent annually. it has a dominant position supply less a United Nations quarterly journal. 400,000 to 500,000, compared to 10,000 "We believe that large diamond than one-third of the world's diamonds Coauthors are Marriott, dia- in both and Tel Martyn Antwerp Aviv and 1,000 deposits are more scarce than other and its dominant position in the mar- mond consultant in London; in New industry York," said Johnson. "The other mineral deposits, and this discourages keting of rough diamonds is based on Michael von Saldern, research fellow at cutting centers are increasingly at a active exploration by the major mining voluntary sales agreements among vari- the East-West Center; and Johnson, competitive disadvantage to Asia, which companies. Also, most traditional min- ous diamond-producing nations, plus senior minerals at the has lower economist labor costs:' ing companies do not understand the rough diamond purchases on the open Center. Johnson predicted that the Indian cut- highly secretive diamond business and market. Most major producers have De Beers Consolidated Diamond ting industry will expand into larger prefer to stick to the businesses they found it in their economic interests to Mines, its through subsidiary, the Cen- and higher quality gems and will in- understand," Johnson said. enter into five-year agreements with the tral Selling Organization, controls most creasingly undercut the other three De Beers has been able to bring all Central Selling Organization," Johnson of the world's sales of rough diamonds. centers. India's other potential chal- major gem producers-Australia, Bot- said. Johnson said that although De Beers' lenger is Thailand, he said, where what swana, the Soviet Union and South share of global rough diamond sales is may be the world's largest diamond Africa-into the cartel. Johnson ob- forecast to decline from 74 percent in cutting factory began operation in 1988. served that the once dominant role of

People-and Prob. l,ems-are flocking to Asia's cities by Grady Timmons

prospects are daunting. By the year 2000 the urban population of Thethe world's developing countries is expected to reach 2.1 billion. At that time there will be nearly 150 Asian cities with populations of at least one million-more than double the number in 1980. There also will be 11 urban areas with populations exceeding 10 million. Among these will be Manila, Jakarta and Dhaka. For developing countries everywhere, the problems associated with mush- rooming urban population growth are formidable. And as evidenced by a January Center workshop on improving urban management policies, coping with these problems has become an ur- gent national priority. Sponsored by the Center's Population Institute and the United Nations University (Tokyo), the workshop This view an older residential area brought scholars with of of Shanghai, China, illustrates the urban crush that already together Center exhibition, China: representatives from research institutes photographic Land of Change, by Linus Chao. and donor agencies worldwide. The aim was to conduct a state-of-the-art banization cut across all facets of life, tion. Most urban management agencies building and planning codes. Par- survey of urban management policies from how to allocate and manage require data relating to land, property, ticipants proposed a research agenda and approaches, identify the most resources to how to manage pollution population and households, and indus- that outlines ways to improve under- pressing research needs, and mobilize and the environment. try and employment. At present, there standing of this process as well as how funding for follow-up projects. "This For this reason, said Cheema, the is considerable variation in the availabil- all the various actors-government, the was not just an academic exercise," said Center has made urbanization issues a ity of this data. Moreover, the integra- private sector and non-government Center Research Associate C. Shabbir major focus of future multi-disciplinary tion of these different types of data institutions-might work together to im- Cheema, the workshop coordinator. research, with initial work involving the presents major problems because of a prove shelter and basic human services "This research is relevant to the forma- Population Institute and the Environ- lack of compatibility among various for the poor. tion of needed government policy." ment and Policy Institute. sources. There are further problems The third issue, the role of the urban One reason Asian cities are growing This past year, the Population Insti- with updating data in situations where informal sector (or that part of the is that people are leaving the rural tute collaborated with the State Science rapid changes are taking place. economy composed of small enterprises areas as agriculture becomes more and Technology Commission of China Participants concluded that it is neces- and the self-employed), revealed the mechanized and requires fewer work- on a major study of alternative paths of sary to examine the ways in which in- following research gaps: an assessment ers. Not surprisingly, then, one of the urban growth and development. Two formation is utilized in different of the effects of government policies on major problems facing urban planners conferences-one held at the Center, organizational environments and the the informal sector, a study of the is generating sufficient employment to the other in Tianjin-focused on the kinds of constraints that are imposed by management styles of existing informal absorb surplus agricultural labor. changes required to absorb the project- different administrative cultures. Other sector organizations and institutions, China, for example, is expected to ed excess agricultural labor supply into factors that need consideration are the and an examination of how to best uti- have a surplus of 200 million agricultur- industrial and service sector jobs. A attitudes of senior management towards lize the informal sector to reduce the al workers by the year 2000. To alleviate third conference recently held at the computer-based technological innova- incidence of poverty. this problem, the Chinese government Center concluded that project. The final tions and the measures that have been According to Cheema, results of the wants to transfer 100 million workers report of the project is being prepared. taken to promote computer literacy workshop will be widely disseminated from the agricultural to the non- The January workshop on improving among their staff. among urban planners and practitioners agricultural sectors. urban management policies examined The second issue, urban services and in Asia and the United States. A sec- But employment is only one part of three sets of issues. The first issue, a shelter, dealt with the fact that in virtu- ond workshop will be held in March, the urban problem. Providing adequate look at the information needs for urban ally all Third World cities, informal set- he said, to examine the consequences housing, transportation and sanitation management, revealed that there are a tlements that are planned, managed of implicit and explicit government poli- are also as problems, is crime, drug use number of harriers obstructing ti ef.. and constructed by individuals and cies dealing with population distri- ao.du on. he etfeci of rapid ur- fective use of cornpuler-based intorna Ofl('C oyzati.oiote

Page 4 JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1989 Centerviews

War ends, at Vietnam films understandingmurder was overlooked? begins, continued from page 1 You could almost assume it was be- cause the white man's skin color was what could you say to his main point- invisible-was overlooked by the au- that the most important scene in The dience. He was simply a character, Deer Hunter, a film which won the while the black man was a symbol. By Academy Award as the year's best film, the same token, the Viet Cong in the was a complete fiction? There were film movies were seen by the visiting Viet- students in the room who got up to say namese as presenting an image of their that the Russian roulette provided a nation. The hard, cold fact seemed to "compressed image" that "stood for" be: When minority groups see members the experience of Americans in the war. of their race in the movies, they fear Others asked why a fiction film was that a negative portrayal will "stand" supposed to be historically accurate. for the whole race. Whites simply do These were good arguments. I had not care-all except for one gray-haired some sympathy with them myself. But veteran who stood up and asked rhe- Dinh Quang was a man who had flown torically, "Has anyone in this room ever thousands of miles to see a film that seen a modern war film in which the looked to him like racist propaganda. white commanding officer was por- What could we say to him? How would trayed as anything but a sadistic vil- we explain that the libel against his lain?" That stumped us. country was a "central metaphor?" Many of the most striking moments As it turned out, Ding Quang, a during the week came when combat relaxed quiet man of 60, had the saving veterans shared their experiences. We grace of humor, which helped him dur- showed a scene of nighttime combat ing the week. He had not seen The from Platoon, a film that has been Deer Hunter before, he said, but he had praised because its battle scenes were seen Rambo ii, which was very popular more realistic than most. Oliver Stone, on videocassette in Vietnam. "We say who directed the film, was a Vietnam 1-mm IL UiIlC u ui ILd dm vy t ,U,,eiSC Vt t, , 'utdj tnt, Eu i i1d u that the mistake of the Americans was infantry veteran who knew that most life. to send too many men," he said. movie battle scenes made too much "Three Rambos would have been sense and lasted longer than the real enough to win the war." thing. In the scene in Platoon, Ameri- war. We were only at war with the friends return to the bar that was their For five and days the discussion went on, cans Viet Cong engage in a .wild, government and the policies of those hangout before the war. They have just and there were other moments, mo- confusing, terrifying exchange of fire at times:' buried their friend (Christopher ments like this one: night, and nobody knows where to The official line, and yet when I Walken, killed by Russian roulette), and An American veteran of Vietnam shoot or what is happening. asked him why Vietnamese films hardly now they sit wearily around a table in stood up and asked me what I thought "Even that scene is inaccurate," ever seemed to depict scenes of combat the otherwise empty saloon. They feel about the film Hanoi Hilton. I gave him Patrick Duncan stood up and said. (while the American films were built stiff in the good suits they wore to the my opinion and asked him what he Duncan is a combat veteran who direct- around them), he answered thoughtful- funeral. One of them gees into the ed one of the Hawaii in- thought. festival's most ly: "The war was fought many thou- kitchen to scramble son- eggs, and "1 "Well," he said, was a prisoner of teresting films, 84 Charlie Mopic, a sands of miles from your homeland, so then he starts singing a song, out of war. And the film was an accurate por- fiction film made in the style of a perhaps the American people needed key and under his breath. It is "God trayal of some of the conditions that documentary. to see the battles. We have lived in war Bless America:' faced over there. It was a lot "Combat is even shorter, and more for prisoners many years. Why bring up old Slowly, shyly, the others start to sing, more accurate than most of the movies confusing. Usually its over before you memories?" and then their voices and see. But I grow they you didn't think it was very know it's begun. Even in making my Yes, but it was perhaps also the case sing it all the way through. Well we entertaining, and it dragged in places. I film, I found that by the time you that the Vietnamese had no clear image have all heard "God Bless America" could some spot of the big scenes com- choose the camera setups and block out of Americans, and we had no clear im- over and over again. But in that film- ing a mile away." the action, you're analyzing an event age of "Charlie," that elusive collective and at the end of the week we had all You see what there, in the that without You happened happens any analysis. myth of an enemy who lived in tun- spent looking at images of the war-it length of one short answer? He turned want to know the typical combat situa- nels, subsided on a few grains of rice a created an effect in the from a extraordinary Viet vet into a film critic. The tion in Vietnam? Nothing happens for week, and was nowhere and every- room. There were some tears. And we film was accurate, all but as a and and right, days days, you're bored out of where at the same time. During the realized that it was not a song of war. It he didn't his mind, moviegoer, get money's your and demoralized and ex- week at Hawaii, looking at each other's was a song of hope. And it was a worth. He didn't have a time. hausted, and then good you're walking down films, the fog seemed to lift a little on prayer. And so it went, day after day, the a path and suddenly the guy next to both sides. debate between never-ending movies you is dead and the combat is already One of the more dramatic moments Reprinted with permission from the Chica- that entertain and movies that educate. over." of the week came when an actress go Sun-Times During one afternoon session, I One of the things we all observed, as named Kieu Chinh stood up to speak. showed a group of scenes about war we viewed the war films from both She is a beautiful Vietnamese woman atrocities on both sides-not only the sides, is that the enemy is curiously in her 40s, who was the top movie star Russian roulette scene from The Deer elusive. You will get no clear picture of of South Vietnam in the days before its Hunter, but also two shocking scenes in the Viet Cong from the American films, fall. Now she lives in the Studio City Apocalypse Now-one where American and almost no view at all of Americans section of Los Angeles. Although she a helicopters destroy village simply so in the Vietnamese films. I discussed was the "Doris Day of Vietnam," she that the insane colonel in charge of the that with another of the visiting Viet- now finds that when she goes to audi- mission (Robert Duvall) can capture a namese, Dang Nhat Minh, director of tions, most of the TV and movie roles beach that's good for surfing, and When the Tenth Month Comes. This is a are for prostitutes, bar girls and mad- another where Americans on a gunboat film that was shipped unofficially and ams. She cannot take them-"I dis- use a machinegun against unarmed semi-legally from Hanoi to the 1985 cussed it with my daughter, and I know on a peasants fishing sampan. Hawaii festival, where it won the Jury that I cannot take off my clothes to play The first of those scenes inspired the Prize and helped bring about this year's in a movie'-but in any event her Viet- divided comments that were typical of official exchange. It tells the simple sto- namese accent is held against her. She the whole week. Everyone agreed that ry of a soldier at the front, who writes said the roles often go to Asian- it was one of the greatest war scenes- home every week to his mother. The Americans of other ethnic groups- one of the probably greatest scenes of letters are read to the old lady by the Chinese, Japanese, Korean-who speak any kind-ever filmed. But did it bend soldier's fiancee. Then the soldier is better English. 'All Asians look the for the sake of accuracy satirical exag- killed, and so the fiancee continues to same to Hollywood," she said, repeat- geration, as in Duvall's famous line, "1 write and read 'fictitious letters from the ing the familiar theme. love the smell of napalm in the son, so the mother will not learn of the During the week, the Vietnamese morning?" death. But how long can this go on? delegation invited Kieu Chinh to return After the second scene, some mem- And what about the fiancee, who has home-to visit Hanoi, where she was bers of the audience, which included a her own life to lead? born, and where her brother still lives. good many Asian-Americans, argued One of the strangest things about "Five years ago, I would have been that it was racist-because the machine- When the Tenth Month Comes is that the afraid to go;' she said. "They saw me gunner in the atrocity was a black man. enemy is never mentioned in the film. as a traitor. Now, they say I will be wel- Yes, I said, but he was responding to a There are no Americans, no U.S. come, and I think maybe I will go. The perceived threat-the woman was run- troops, no Yankee imperialists. I asked difficult thing is, if I go, I will not be fling to get something, and he thought Dang Nhat Minh about that, popular with the Vietnamese in Ameri- it was a gun (it turned out to be a pup- "We do not often name the enemy in ca, the emigres in Orange County. Now py). Seconds later in the same scene, I our films," he said. "We have been at I will be a traitor to them. But perhaps pointed out, a white character (Martin war for many years, with France, with I am supposed to be a messenger. Sheen) murders that woman in cold feudal China, with the United States. Perhaps it is time:' blood, rather than delay his mission so Why name the enemy? We are friends Perhaps it is. In the last hour of the she can be treated for her injuries. Why of the Americans, the French, the last day of our long collective march was a black man, doing the job he was Chinese. We saw the TV reports of U.S. through the film images of Vietnam, we trained to do, perceived as a racist im- anti-war demonstrations. We knew played the closing scene of The Deer age, while a white man committing many Americans did not support the Hunter. That's the one where all the old

Lentervzews JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1989 Page 5

International film festival is still the critics' choice Illustrious Energy, a New Zealand film W'"? directed and co-written by Leon Nar- bey, about Chinese immigrants pros- pecting for gold in the 1890s, was selected for the East-West Center Award at the 1988 Hawaii International Film Festival. The award is given to the film which best promotes understanding among the peoples of Asia, the Pacific and the United States. Other films nominated for the award were: Rouge, from Hong Kong, directed by Stanley Kwan; A Taxing Woman's Return, from Japan, directed by Juzo Itami; The Year My Voice Broke, from Australia, directed by John Duigan; and The Return, from India, directed by Buddhadeb Dasgupta. The winning film was selected by a five-member jury chaired by Richard Schickel, film critic and author who has reviewed movies for Time magazine (Clockwise New Zealand since 1972. Other members includ- from top left), jury director Leon the East-West ed Edward Taiwanese "new Narbey holding Yang, Center Award and the Eastman Kodak wave" director; Lester Peries, James ac- Award; Pulitzer critic claimed Sri Lankan film prize-winning film director; Tadao Ebert with Center Sato, film critic and scholar from Roger (from left) Japan; Nhat Minh, and Nadia Tass, filmmaker-in-residence Dang prizewinning Aus- Vietnamese Vice-Minister Culture tralian director and actress. of Dinh and Vietnamese direc- In addition to the East-West Nguyen Quang capturing tor Bui Din Hac; Japanese critic Center Award, also received the film Narbey Donald Richie (far left) with 1988 film Eastman Kodak Award for excellence in fes- tival jurors: Sri Lankan director Lester cinematography for his lifetime achieve- Peries, Time critic Richard ment as a magazine film cinematographer. Schickel, Australian actress and director The Hawaii International Film Fes- Nadia Tass, Taiwanese director Edward tival's first award went to Yang documentary and Japanese film critic Tadao Sato. co-directors Renee Tajima and Christine Choy for their film, Who Killed Vincent Chin? This year's festival included a scholar- ly symposium on the theme, "Family & Cinema: East and West;' as well as a special program contrasting films about the Vietnam war made in Vietnam and in the United States. Northwest Airlines; Oceanic Cablevi- ton; Dr. and Mrs. Cyrus Loo; Louise & Island Getaways; Cecily Johnston; In all, 82 films from nine countries sion; Cultural Center; Lloyd Polynesian 1. T. Lum Foundation; Nissan Motor Kandell Advertising; Samuel D. Lyons; were shown at the festival with a total Restaurant Row; State Foundation for Corp.; Pacific Resources, Inc.; Kenneth Jeanene McCormack; Wade McVay; audience estimated at 50,000. After the Culture and the Arts; and State of & Shaunagh Robbins; Sandwich Islands L.M.T. Medal; Erica Maria Moore; event in Honolulu, films were also Hawaii Film Branch. Industry Construction, Ltd.; Shiseido of Hawaii, Moose McGillycuddy's; Orthopaedic & shown on the islands of Maui, Kauai Contributors to ($1,000 $3,999): Inc.; and Watumull Brothers. Sportsmedicine Clinic; Otaka, Inc.; and Hawaii. American Amfac Express; Hawaii, Inc.; Contributors ($100 to $999): Jean L. David and Mignonette Pellegrin; Pen- The East-West Center Atherton Trust; Asian sponsored the Family American Barker; Elizabeth Bergenheim; Bernard's guin's Place; Quality Graphic Service, Hawaii International Film Festival in Film Institute; Bank of Hawaii; Bradley of New York; Carol Burnett; Bernice H. Inc.; Queen's Medical Center; Glenn & with cooperation the following con- Properties; CCECS-University of Burum; Cathay Kai Fine Jewelry; Jessie Susan Shea; James C. Shingle; George tributors: Hawaii (Hilo); Central Pacific Bank; Y. t Cheng; Chiang-Mai Thai Restaur- and Phoebe Simpson; Arthur and Vir- Major Contributors ($4,000 to Larry and Beatrice Ching; Coldwell ant; James and Audrey Chinn; Chubby ginia Stephenson; Sandra and John $200,000): AT&T; Black, Inc.; Compadres Banker/McCormack Real Estate; Don Q's; Coordination Council for North Stephenson; Representative Brian T. Mexican Bar & Grill; Consolidated Lucas Windward Honda; Duty Free American Affairs; Dai'ei (USA), Inc.; Taniguchi; Andre S. Tatibouet; Toyota Amusement Co., Ltd.; Cooke Founda- Shoppers, Limited; Friends of the East- Data Entry Institute; Roger and Frances City (Div. of Servco Pacific, Inc.); West Center; Hawaii tion; County of Kauai; County of Maui; Newspaper Agen- Dieudonne; Executive Chef; Margaret Richard Turbin (A Law Corp.); Wally Eastman Kodak Company; Frame cy; Gordon and Noel Hentschel; Hora- D. Foster; Mary Jo Freshley; Michael Wok; John Michael White; Michael D. Shack; Hilton Hawaiian Village; Hyatt tio's Restaurant; International Savings Haas; Lynne G. Halevi; Victor Halevi; Wilson; and World Wide Motion Regency Waikiki; Marie and Jack Lord; and Loan; Island Getaways; Kahala Hil- Hawaiian Airlines, Inc.; Jakki Hutchens; Pictures.

Vietnamese f Immaker 'our art does reflect life' Vietnamese movie director Dang Nhat indiscriminately. He pointed tosayshis own presenting a special section at the fes- government committee does review the Minh says filmmakers in his country experience as a director in the Vietnam tival on "Vietnam: The Strangers Meet:' film just before sound is dubbed in-or would welcome a chance to exchange Cinema Department, a government He also participated in panels and spe- if there is a controversy after the film expertise and artistic vision with Ameri- operation which controls movie-making cial events and introduced all screen- has been released. can filmmakers and audiences, and in his country ings of Tenth Month, The committee would include the hopes the U.S. government will relax Among the memorable scenes in Minh said unlike Hollywood produc- Minister of Culture or his vice minister. trade barriers. Current restrictions on Tenth Month are those showing villagers tions, Vietnamese movies are low- Another member would be Nguyen American exports to Vietnam have "communicating" with their local dci- budget and low-paying. The top fea- Thu, who was one of the Vietnamese meant that Vietnamese have seen ties, as well as a shot in which a wom- tured star in a movie makes about attending the 1987 Hawaii International American films only on videotapes that an talks to her dead husband. $1,500 for the entire production. The Film Festival here. sal- Minh said since all of those on the have found their way into the country. Some of the critics who saw the mi- cost of an average movie, including and crews, committee are familiar with movie- And, though First Amendment rulings tial screening of the film denounced it aries for the cast, producers have the exclusion of Viet- as "pro-religious propaganda;' alien to comes to about $85,000. The govern- making and are "artists themselves;' prevented there are few to be overcome namese films from America, they have the socialist line of the Vietnamese ment foots the bill for everything, objections itself, He added that film directors like him- not been widely distributed. government. But Minh said he defend- despite being strapped for money the he said. However, the also self are able to before the corn- A greater exchange, said Minh, ed his film, saying it depicted government appear the films to make mittee and defend their "I "would bring the two countries closer "traditional beliefs of the people and expects money. productions. was an artistic mixture of realism and It also rates films "artistically" giving did so myself and won my case;' he together:' 5 to said. Minh, in Hawaii as film scholar-in- spiritualism:' them a ranking starting with (tops) "5" Minh said the does not residence, directed the widely ac- "The vice minister of culture, Dinh 1 (least artistic). If a producer gets a public always with the claimed film, When the Tenth Month Quang, supported me and agreed that for his film, he also gets more money. go along government's ranking Conies, which won an honorable men- the film was 'artistic;" Minh said. Minh said that the government does of the films, noting that one of the films shown at the Hawaii International tion at the 1985 Hawaii International (Quang came to Hawaii to participate in not dictate how Vietnamese movie- about their business. Film Festival, Brothers and Relations, was Film Festival and was shown again at the Hawaii International Film Festival makers should go this festival. The director said and to serve as a writer-critic.) Minh 'Anybody can write a script and take it not a popular success. year's Tenth Vietnamese films have much to tell the said Quang told those who were critical to the head of the feature film studio;' In addition to Minh's film, Brothers and Relations, the 'V American people about the Vietnam of of Tenth Month that, 'A style that mixes he said. Month, and Hawaii festival screened: A Little today. This is true, he says, despite as- realism and the metaphysical is legal in If the script is approved, the govern- Quiet Phu and sumptions by many in America that the our country" ment's Cinema Department provides Town, The Victory at Dien Bien Zone. Vietnamese government censors films Minh assisted in planning and the seed money and filming begins. A The Abandoned Field Free Fire

S..,

Impact of Greenhouse Effect to a nuclear bomb that New Zealand is heavily dependent compared continued 1 from page on agriculture and fishing. "A major in- crease in ultraviolet radiation (one of production and as aerosel propellants.) the predictions from the Greenhouse The government leader then remind- Effect) would be disastrous for the food ed his listeners that it takes "many chains we rely on," he said. years, even decades" before some of the During a question-and-answer session harmful gases reach the stratosphere. following his talk, Palmer said that po- "Even if we were to stop using all litical questions arising from efforts to ozone depleting substances immediate- control the Greenhouse Effect should ly, what has already been released may be handled through a world organiza- continue to affect the ozone layer for tion "or a world political initiative." He well over a century," he said, urged "massive public education "It is already clear that there will be throughout the world" to sway public significant impacts on our economy opinion toward atmospheric controls. from this," he added, noting that flood- When a listener questioned the scien- ing, erosion and loss of roads and tific accuracy of the theories regarding buildings around New Zealand's coast- the Greenhouse Effect, Palmer noted line could occur. that there is "a body of scientific opin- Patterns of agriculture, horticulture ion" that supports the theory. And he and forestry may have to adjust to said if they are correct, "then we ought changes in climate zones," he said. to in advance." plan u (U0, WHILICHI anti o1icj ]iiclituic, Lo1ilIU/aIc5 I'uliiit "Our tourist industry may have to cope He again pointed out that New with ski fields and scenic areas:' losing Zealand is doing its best to plan for the ignored them-where does that leave country is anticipating due to the Palmer said his country, as one of the future and said: "The problem is, if the the policy makers? Greenhouse Effect, Palmer said there nations in the larger South Pacific, has people who predicted there will be [ris- "Up, as the Australians would say, up might be a one-meter rise in the next 50 that other options low-lying island na- ing seas and climatic changes l are cor- a gum tree!" years. tions do not. But he also pointed out rect, and the policy makers have Asked what sort of rising seas his

- Intl'Fair set for April 15 MarkendarSaturday,as the dateAprilfor the15, onEast-Wesyourtcal- Center'sevent, nowInternationalin its 17thFairyear,. Theis theannuadayl dentswhensharethe Center'stheir cultures300 internationalwith the stu- HonoluluThis yearcommunitythe more.than 30 countries casedrepresentedthroughatcostumesthe Centerandwillculturabe showl - tions,performances,and foodexhibitsand gamesand.demonstra- BalineseIn pastprocession,years, the Faira Samoanhas featuredkava a songs,ceremony,ChineseKoreanopera,harpflowermusicpaintinand folgk fromfromPalau,Pakistana cricketand Nepal,demonstrationwood carvinandg theFoodsPhilippinehave includedgame ofSripabitinLanka. n Pakistanchicken curry,fried riceBurmeseknownvermicelli,as pulaothaned 'J:/ELCr beerThefromfair will runNewfromGuinea10 am,. Chanticleer, Atnepjca's men's choral ensemble, performs a! Keoni Auditorium, 1mm Center-Jefferson Hall, 8 p.m. March 19-20. Papua to 5 Chanticleer is one of three Performing Arts Series presentations in March and April. See calendar on jj. 8 for more information. p.m. at the 1mm Center-Jefferson Hall. Admission is free ......

Centèrviews JANUAB1UARY 1989 Page 7

Journalists hear the unexpected at Pacific news seminar have a heavy dependency upon coal. Charles by Turner Hong Kong has no nuclear power plants, only oil and coal-fueled ones, he journalists from Pacific Rim said. countries heard some eyebrow- He said Hong Kong still is strong in Seniorraising comments about relations exports to China, with trade increasing with the United States during the an- some 725 percent in the past 10 years. nual two-day Pacific Basin News De- China also operates many companies in velopment Seminar held at the Center Hong Kong and there is transfer of in January. technology and managerial know-how. Examples: In addition, Hong Kong provides man- "Hong Kong needs China more than power for factories along China's Pearl China needs Hong Kong" (from George River. Shen, editor in chief, Hong Kong Eco- But he said Hong Kong has serious nomic Journal). problems, including a decline in its "The [foreign] press doesn't get the gross national product and productivity, facts straight. It's not deep enough" dropping it to fourth place among (from Raul Locsin, publisher, Business Asia's so-called "Little Dragons" (Korea, World, Manila). Taiwan and Singapore are the others). "That's very wrong... short-sighted" In exporting its manpower to Pearl regarding American press reports on River, its manufacturing capabilities also the Japan-U.S. controversy over imports have declined, Shen said, causing of beef and oranges (from Kinji Hong Kong to lose its competitiveness Kawamura, senior adviser, Foreign in the world market ' Honolulu. Press Center, Tokyo). It also has been losing its capital and (At right), Kinji Kawamura, who spoke on "Japan-U.S. Relations Today." The wide ranging discussions gave its manpower to other countries be- the senior and their counter- journalists cause of the impending annexation to items being electric appliances, calcula- senior journalists that the communist parts a rare opportunity to explore the China, he said. He estimated that tors, television sets and knit wear-all remains the issues which have made insurgency major problem headlines and 45,000 Hong Kong residents, many of of which once came exclusively from facing the administration of Corazon led news broadcasts in the them past year. professionals, have gone to Can- Japan's own manufacturers. Aquino. Editor Shen's frank of the appraisal ada. While there has been some influx He told seminar participants that After describing the downfall of for- Hong Kong-China situation concentrat- of capital from other countries into Japan is taking steps to curb its trade mer President Ferdinand Marcos in ed on what after there is a largely might happen Hong Kong, danger of it leav- imbalance with the United States, but is 1986, Locsin told the participants: "The Hong Kong becomes part of China on ing on short notice. "It is a very dan- "growing sick of demands after de- backwash of revolution can be as des- 1, 1997 for to July gerous thing us be complacent," mands" from Americans for more tructive as revolution itself," noting that Shen said that while he said. Hong Kong pro- changes. As an example, he cited U.S. Mrs. Aquino has survived five coup at- vides China with financial expertise In contrast to the showdown in Hong pressure to sell more rice in Japan, tempts, a plunging stock market and and will continue to do so after 1997, it Kong, the Japanese are trying to put a where there already is a crowded mar- drops in tourism. has not much else it can contribute brake on their volatile economy, accord- ket and farmers are alarmed. He said these and other problems other than to serve as a "crossroads for ing to Foreign Press Center spokesman He also claimed the U.S. is trying to will continue until agrarian reform be- exchange of ideas and a free press." Kinji Kawamura, a former Asahi Shim- "kill the 'Mom and Pop' stores" in his comes a reality. Agrarian reform now is This will give Hong Kong an impor- bun bureau chief in Washington, D.C. country by advocating supermarkets. stalled in the Philippine legislature, he tant effect on China's "modernization of "Our economy is now pretty much "We like the neighborhood shops-the said. thought," he said, noting that the wide domestic-demand oriented," he said, quiet neighborhood," Kawamura said. Despite all of her problems, Mrs. range of publications in Hong Kong al- adding that public and private invest- Despite their differences, Kawamura Aquino's popularity is high, he said, lows for the expression of different ment is pushing up such demand. said, the U.S. and Japan are "moving in and although she has said she will not of view. points However, Shen said he Kawamura said imports are increas- the right direction" and Japan remains seek reelection in 1992, he thought she suspected some publications would be ing, exports are decreasing and the the foremost buyer of American agricul- might be persuaded to run if the situa- singled out for having too independent trade surplus has been shrinking since tural products, a fact he said has been tion were right. an editorial policy and that his paper 1986. Imports of manufactured goods "largely ignored" by the press in this Locsin said there still is a residue of would probably be one of them. are increasing dramatically, he added, country. support for former President Ferdinand He also doubted that his tiny bastion and this is "changing the trade pattern Asked about his appraisal of Japanese Marcos, with "five or six papers" siding would be of much use in solving Chi- of Asia." reporting on U.S. activities, Kawamura with the pro-Marcos faction. However, na's major needs. He said these include He said Japanese imports of manufac- said there was "a degree of excessive- he said that he did not think Marcus more energy, better transportation, raw tured goods more than doubled be- ness" and exaggeration in his fellow ever would apologize for the things he materials and pollution controls. Shen tween 1982 and last year. Many of the journalists' accounts of U.S. congres- did while in the Philippines. "I don't said that China is were from industrial- sional think it is in the nature of Mr. Marcos although constructing products ' newly legislation. two nuclear power plants, it still will L

Letter to the Editor

Dear Sir

Thank you very much for the workman-like account of the talk I delivered to the East-West Center last October during my visit as the George Chaplin Scholar-in-Resi- dence, which was published in your Nov/Dec issue. However, the account reported me as saying that "Westerners per- ceive the Asia-Pacific region 'in terms of power struggles caused by proud tyrants or by old men who have had their day hanging on to power:" In fact this reverses what I was trying to say, which was that the societies of East Asia should not be stuck with out-dated ideological labels and placed into Western po- litical pigeon holes. I added; "Asia is better seen in terms of power struggles, its greatest tragedies caused by proud tyrants or by old men who have had their day hanging on to power."

Yours sincerely,

Derek Davies Editor-in-Chief Far Eastern Economic Review

Page 8 JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1989 Centerviews a.

March 27-31. International Workshop on Urbanization and Population Distribution Policies in Asia. EWC. Workshop participants will discuss findings of concept papers and Calendar events case studies on implicit and distribution and in listings reflect scheduled as of mid-January and represent only a portion of explicit population policies programs Asia EWC,alendaCenter activities. Since events arer to and the ways in which they affect patterns of urbanization and urban programmed consult the East- management. Spon- subject change, please sored PT and the United West Center sponsor for details. by Nations Center for Regional Development, Nagoya, Japan. EWC coordinator: C. Shabbir Cheema. January 25-March 24. China: Land of Change. Burns Exhibition Hall. 9 a.m. to 5 March 4. Initiative to Overcome p.m. weekdays. Storyboards illustrate the findings of a Center research concerned 27-April People's Poverty. EWC. Workshop to reflect project on the values and methods which movements with cultural and social changes evident in education, religious practices, en- through people's East and West have success- courtship, to overcome RSI and ICC. trepreneurship, mass media, entertainment and family life in rural and urban fully organized poverty. Sponsored by EWC coordinators: People's Richard Morse and Ataur Rahim. Republic of China. Photographs by Linus Chao of Hawaii. Sponsored by ICC. EWC Syed coordinators: Benji Bennington and Godwin Chu. April 5-May 31. Earthworks: Ka Ora Te Whenua. Burns Exhibition Hall. 9 a.m. to 5 Pastels and Reihana MacDonald New the January 26-28. East-West Center Association (EWCA) Executive Board p.m. weekdays. paintings by of Zealand, Meeting. 1988-89 EWC arts intern. The artwork, brochure text and slide-lectures EWC. EWCA executive board members Hawaii; D.C.; New Zealand; by MacDonald will from Washington, both her Maori consciousness and intellectual concern Singapore; Nepal; Japan; Korea; Thailand and Indonesia will hold their annual board meet- reflect for cross-cultural values and ICC. EWC coordinator: ing in Honolulu. Sponsored by Student Affairs and Open Grants/Alumni. EWC interpretation. Sponsored by Benji Bennington. coordinator: Gordon Ring. April 16. Tale of the Heike: Japanese Biwa. 8 p.m., Keoni Auditorium, 1mm Center-Jefferson Hall. Man Uehara, who comes a line January 27-28. Educating Hawaii's Students for Global Understanding. Honolulu. Performance by from long of masters of the Japanese biwa lute. She has achieved success in Educators will focus on the issues involved in implementing a global perspective in the cur- extraordinary modernizing certain aspects the tradition. Admission $10. (See note at the end the ricula of Hawaii's schools. The program includes lectures, panel discussions and curricu- of fee: of calendar.) ICC Arts Series. EWC coordinator: William Feltz. lum workshops. Sponsored by Student Affairs and Open Grants/Consortium for Sponsored by Performing Teaching Asia and the Pacific in the Schools; Hawaii Association for Supervision NOTE: For tickets to the Arts Series, send check, and Curriculum Development; College of Education, University of Hawaii; Puna- Performing please your payable to the East-West Center, with a to: hou School and Hawaii Educational Dissemination Diffusion System. EWC coordi- together stamped, self-addressed envelope Perform- nator: David Grossman. ing Arts Series, ICC, East-West Center, 1777 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96848. Indicate preferred dates. Any remaining seats will be sold at the door. Be sure to January 31-February 1. Minerals (Gold') Inception. EWC. The meeting, will cover the allow sufficient time for parking. For further information, call 944-7666. scope and direction the Multinational Corporations in the Pacific Islands Region Miner- of EAPI-Environment and Policy Institute; ICC-Institute of Culture and Communication; PIDP-Pacific Islands als (Gold) project, which will examine the economic and legal aspects of gold in the ment Develop. mining Program; P1-Population Institute; RSI-Resource Systems Institute, 5AOG-Student Affairs and Open Grants. Pacific. Sponsored by PIDP. EWC coordinator: Charles Lepani.

February 2-3. Venture Capital in the Pacific. EWC. The seminar will cover the sources of investment capital and possible investment opportunities in the Pacific islands region.

14-17.PIDPTheoretical.EWC to the The coordinator:Charles of Self. EWC. SponsoredFebruary Contracts and by Approaches Concept workshop received the East-West Center from Lepani. November will an grants by through provide opportunity for scholars to discuss theoretical issues related to the concept were: 1ifts in mid-January of self preparation for a major international conference in August. Sponsored by ICC. EWC coordinator: Wimal " Dissanayake. $3,000 from the Atherton Family Foundation for the 1988 Hawaii International Film Festival. Principal investigator: Jeannette Paulson, Institute of Culture and February 15-17. China's Policies. on Aging. EWC. The workshop will present papers Communication. and discuss research strategies. Sponsored by P1 and the Institute of East Asian Studies, of California at EWC coordinator: Richard K. C. Lee. " University Berkeley. $214,500 from the U.S. Trade and Development Program for the Asia-Pacific Petrochemical and Refinery Integration (CAPPRI) conference. 22. EWC. Four-session will cover Principal investigator: February Regional Security Perspectives. workshop Fereidun Fesharaki, Resource Systems Institute major actors and issues in Asia-Pacific regional security with participation by scholars and journalists who specialize in foreign affairs and issues. RSI Inter- " from defense Sponsored by $3,000 the United Nations Environment Programme for the Agricultural national Relations Program. EWC coordinator: Richard Baker. Sustainability Research Design workshop. Principal investigator: A. Terry Rambo, Environment and Policy Institute. February 25. Pipa: the Chinese Lute. 8 p.m., Keoni Auditorium, 1mm Center- Jefferson Hall. Recital traditional and " by Qiu Li-Rong featuring contemporary pieces for $399,000 from the Asian Development Bank for the on the Role the Chinese Admission $5. note at the end the Regional Study pipa. fee: (See of calendar.) Sponsored by of the Private Sector in Economic Development of South Pacific Mem- ICC Arts Series. EWC coordinator: William Feltz. Developing Performing ber Countries project. Principal investigator: Charles Lepani, Pacific Islands De- velopment Program. February 27-March 2. Agrarian Reform in Asia: Lessons and Prospects for the 1990s. EWC. The will examine Asian social, and economic " workshop political development $24,721 from the University of Alaska for a Study of the Potential Impact of with implications and rural and will East Asian and La- for agrarian development compare Chinese Minerals Development on Alaska's Export Competiveness and Economic tin American and how these and lessons can be agrarian reform experience experiences ap- Future. Principal investigator: Allen Clark, Resource Systems Institute. plied to South and Southeast Asia. Sponsored by RSI. EWC coordinator: Bruce Koppel. " $4,000 from the Cooke Foundation, Ltd. for the 1988 Hawaii International Film Festival. Paulson, Institute of Culture and Commu- March 1-31. Principal investigator: Jeannette Policy Analysis Training Workshop. EWC. Second annual workshop will nication. bring together senior government officials from the Pacific islands region to enhance their skills in and in their " formulating, implementing managing development policies respective $108,425 from the United States-Japan Foundation for the Orientation for Interna- countries. Sponsored by PIDP. EWC coordinator: Charles tional Lepani. Liaison Officers/Cross-Cultural Training Course. Principal investigator: Larry Smith, Institute of Culture and Communication. March 6 and 7. The Side Street Strutters Jazz Band. 8 p.m., Keoni Auditorium, 1mm Center-Jefferson Hall. Dixieland Jazz champions will present the sights and sounds Donations from national included: a New governments of Orleans Mardi Gras, Admission fee: $5. (See note at the end of the calendar.) ICC Arts Series. EWC coordinator: Bill Feltz. " Sponsored by Performing $100,000 from the Government of Korea for the Population Institute March 9-10. Direct Foreign Investment in Asia's Developing Economies and Struc- " $15,000 from The Federated States of Micronesia for the Pacific Islands tural in Develop- Change the Asia-Pacific Region. EWC. Working meeting to discuss and finalize ment Program research papers examining changing patterns of foreign investment in the Asia-Pacific region for purposes of producing a book volume. RSJ " from the Sponsored by Development Policy $5,000 Government of Fiji for the Pacific Islands Development Program Program. EWC coordinators: William James and Chung Lee. Gifts to the East-West Center Foundation included: March 13-May 25. Best of the Hawaii International Film Festival Tour. U.S. main- land. Selected Asian and the Festival's are " Pacific films from first eight years screened and $50,000 from Jack Tang discussed at university campuses and community sites on the U.S. mainland. Sponsored by ICC and universities and in tour cities. EWC coordi- " community organizations $7,500 from Hawaii Pacific Rim Society for the Governor's Congress on Hawaii's nator: Elizabeth Buck. International Role March 14-20. Trends and New " Population Family Planning. Delhi, India. The con- $5,000 from Amfac/JMB for the Governor's Congress on Hawaii's International ference sessions will cover the 1990 round of censuses; fertility, mortality and family plan- Role ning; women, children and the elderly; surveys; and projects and implications of population P1 and the General's Office of India. " growth. Sponsored by Registrar $5,000 from Bank of Hawaii for the Governor's Congress on Hawaii's Internation- EWC coordinator: Robert Retherford. al Role

March 19-20. Chanticleer. 8 Keoni " p.m., Auditorium, 1mm Center-Jefferson Hall $2,500 from HonFed Bank for the Governor's Congress on Hawaii's International America's premier male vocal ensemble will feature early European music to popular, Role spirituals and gospel music. Admission fee: $8. (See note at the end of the calendar.) " Sponsored by ICC Peforming Arts Series. EWC coordinator: Bill Feltz. $100 - anonymous March 19-23. Pacific Economic Outlook Project. EWC. The conference will present Other gifts to the East-West Center included: forecasts for economic growth over the next two years and will discuss structural issues of importance to the economies in the Asia-Pacific region. Sponsored by RSI Development " $2,000 from the William K. H. Mau Foundation Policy Program and U.S. National Committee for Pacific Economic Cooperation. EWC coordinators: Seiji Naya and William James. " $20 - anonymous