A snapshot: Utilisation of resources and articles from the Emergency Nutrition Network and Field Exchange in published articles, books, reports and articles Review Report

Emergency Nutrition Network (ENN), 32, Leopold Street, Oxford, OX4 1TW, UK tel: +44(0)1865 324996/249745 email: [email protected] www.ennonline.net

Review by Joyce Kelly, Independent Nutritionist, on behalf of the Emergency Nutrition Network, May 2009.

The Emergency Nutrition Network (ENN) has produced the tri-annual publication, Field Exchange since 1996. A number of evaluations have explored how Field Exchange and the ENN is perceived and utilised by print and online users. Anecdotal and incidental findings have indicated that Field Exchange is cited and drawn upon to inform numerous publications. However, until this review, this had not been formally evaluated. This evaluation was initiated to gain a ‘snapshot’ of where and how Field Exchange and other ENN resources are cited and in doing so, gain an indication of their use. This report was compiled in March/April 2009 and reflects a literature search via established databases commonly used in the health/sociological research setting. The report highlights the broad range of work which has referenced or cited work from the publication Field Exchange or other ENN resources.

Background to Literature Searching methodologies When conducting a literature search in the area of science/health/social research, the researcher will, in general search for author, journal or keywords in the title, subject or abstract of the document. More detailed searches are possible but very few facilitate searching the references section of an article. For this reason, the more commonly used databases (e.g. web of knowledge, , Medline, CINAHL, OVID) could not be utilised in this work. Thus, this search of published articles referencing Field Exchange or Emergency Nutrition Network was predominately performed using and Google Scholar.

The feasibility of the ENN registering Field Exchange journal with key databases/search engines should be considered in the future and the merits of obtaining an (via Thomson Scientific) weighed up. The author of this report suggests consultation with health informatics professionals be considered for this work.

The author is currently based in an academic institution with access to a large range of databases in the field of health, nutrition, sociology and medical subjects. These are often subscription dependent – and thus utilisation of these may be limited for researchers / other professionals working in the area of emergency nutrition and development, particularly at field level. It is difficult to ascertain where/how authors or researchers of articles in the area of emergency nutrition become aware of the work of the ENN –but it is most likely via the internet or other published work.

As on 29th April 2009, a Google search for ‘emergency nutrition’ resulted in the ENN being the first link from 271,000 listed. A search for ‘malnutrition’ lists ENN as the 201st hit, and ~350th for ‘malnutrition in developing countries’ from 43,200 hits.

Methodology: Scopus and Google Scholar were utilised to identify published articles referencing the work of ENN. Scopus is considered the largest abstract and citation database of research literature and quality web sources covering over 16,000 peer-reviewed journals from more than 4,000 publishers. A Google scholar search was also conducted and results from both combined and checked for duplicates.

The Journal Citation Reports (JCR) of the Science Citation Index (SCI), published by the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI), provides the Journal Impact factor figures. The impact factor1 for each journal was sourced via Journal Citation Reports (based on 2007 ratings). It should be noted that not all journals have Journal Citation reports available. Journals with lower circulation (as occurs with increasing specialisation of the journal), regardless of the scientific merit of their contents, will never obtain high impact factors in an absolute sense. This does not in any way reflect their credibility nor impact in the specialist area of international aid and emergency. Broader themed journals e.g. Lancet, cover a wide range of topics with a broad range of readership and thus have a higher impact factor.

Section A: Journals

Thirty-two peer-reviewed journals published a total of 66 journal articles, each citing one or more articles from Field Exchange or ENN resources. These are outlined in Table 1, in alphabetical order, and include the Impact factor when available.

Table 1: Journals citing ENN resources sorted by Impact factor *N/A – Not available Number of Total # Articles citing articles citing Source title Year work by ENN Impact factor* ENN in by year & journal Journal

African Journal of AIDS Research 2007 1 1 N/A

Archives of Disease in Childhood 2007 1 1 2.786

Australian J Human Right 2002 1 1 N/A

British 2001 1 1 2.339

British Medical Journal 2001 1 1 9.723 Bulletin of the World Health 2005 1 1 4.019 Organization Conflict and health 2007 1 1 N/A

1 The impact factor of a journal is a measure of the frequency with which the ‘average article’ in a journal has been cited in a particular year. It is useful for evaluating a journal’s relative importance, especially if compared to others in the same field. 1998 2

1999 3 2001 1 Disasters 2003 1 11 N/A 2004 2 2005 1 2009 1 Emergency 2002 1 1 N/A Emerging Themes in Epidemiology 2007 1 1 N/A Family Medicine 2003 1 1 1.878 1998 2 2002 1 2003 1 Food and Nutrition Bulletin 2004 1 11 0.778 2006 4 2007 1 2008 1 Journal of Microfinance 2005 1 1 N/A

2002 1 Journal of Nutrition 2005 1 3 3.771 2009 1 Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2008 1 1 2.102 and of Refugee Studies 2007 1 1 N/A 2001 1 2 Journal of the American Medical 25.547 Association 2005 1

1999 1 2003 1

2004 4 Lancet 9 28.638 2005 1 2006 1 2008 1

2007 1 1.277 Maternal and Child Nutrition 2 2009 1 1.277

Mots pluriels 2002 1 1 N/A

Online Journal of Issues in Nursing 2006 1 1 N/A Prehospital and disaster medicine 2001 2 1 N/A

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 2002 1 1 3.931

2002 1 Public Health Nutrition 2 1.858 2007 1 Quality and Safety in Health Care 2001 1 1 N/A Quarterly Journal of International 2007 1 1 N/A Agriculture

Revue de Medecine Interne 2005 1 1 0.466

Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal 2006 1 1 N/A Medicine

Social Science and Medicine 2005 1 1 N/A Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical 2008 1 1 N/A Medicine and Public Health Tropical Medicine and International 1999 1 1 N/A Health

World Health & Population 2006 1 1 N/A

Section B: Books

In addition to peer-reviewed journals, work from the ENN has also been utilised as reference material in a variety of books published – focusing on political science, aid and development and nutrition. A Google Book search combined with the results from Scopus and Google scholar resulted in 34 books all citing the work of the ENN.

Table 2: Published Books citing work of the Emergency Nutrition Network

Title Authors Publishers ISBN ISBN 0465071635, Hunger: an unnatural history By Sharman Apt Russell Basic Books, 2005 9780465071630

By Guglielmo Verdirame, Barbara E. ISBN 1845451031, Rights in exile: Janus-faced humanitarianism Harrell-Bond, Zachary Lomo, Berghahn Books, 2005 9781845451035 Hannah Garry, Albie Sachs

Nutrition in public health: principles, policies, and ISBN 0849314739, By Arlene J. Spark CRC Press, 2007 practice 9780849314735 Stillen: Frühkindliche Ernährung und reproduktive By Veronika Scherbaum, Ursula Deutscher Ärzteverlag, ISBN 3769104072, Gesundheit Kretschmer 2003 9783769104073 Georgetown University ISBN 1589010566, Freedom from want: the human right to adequate food By George Kent Press, 2005 9781589010567 International government information and country By Andrea Marie Morrison, Barbara Greenwood Publishing ISBN 1573564796, information: a subject guide J. Mann Group, 2004 9781573564793 Goldberger's war: the life and work of a public health Hill and Wang: New by Kraut ISBN 0-8090-1637-0 crusader York, 2003 By Richard D. Semba, Martin W. Nutrition and Health in Developing Countries Edition: ISBN 193411524X, Bloem, Peter Piot, M.D. Ph.D. Humana Press, 2008 2, 9781934115244 (FRW)

By Antrazyt (Stephen Devereux, ISBN 8498880300, Hijas de Erin Bapu Vaitla, Samuel Hauensten Swan Icaria Editorial 9788498880304 (Acción contra el Hambre) By Icon Group International, Inc. ICON Group ISBN 0546663427, Malnutrition: Webster's Quotations, Facts and Phrases Compiled by Icon Group International, Inc., 2008 9780546663426 International, Inc.

By Fédération internationale des sociétés de la Croix-Rouge et du International Federation ISBN 9291390666, World disasters report 2000 focus on public health Croissant-Rouge, International of Red Cross and Red 9789291390663 Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, 2000 Crescent Societies

Internationale Achieving Food and Nutrition Security (Action to meet Weiterbildung und (Klennert K. Ed.) ISBN 3-937235-71-X the global challenge) Entwicklung gGmbH, Bonn (Germany) 2005 By Rebecca Mannel, Patricia J. Core Curriculum for Lactation Consultant Practice Martens, Marsha Walker, Jones & Bartlett ISBN 0763745030, Edition: 2, International Lactation Consultant Publishers, 2007 9780763745035 Association

By Xavier Crombé, Jean-Hervé KARTHALA Editions, ISBN 2845869282, Niger 2005, une catastrophe si naturelle Jézéquel, Jean-Hervé Bradol 2007 9782845869288

Fear of persecution: global human rights, international By James Daniel White, Anthony J. ISBN 0739115669, Lexington Books, 2007 law, and human well-being Marsella 9780739115664

William H. Markle, Melanie A. McGraw-Hill ISBN 0071487840, Understanding global health. Fisher, Raymond A. Smego. Professional,2 007 9780071487849 By William J. Moss, Joseph L. National Academies ISBN 0309100631, Child Health in Complex Emergencies Mailman Press, 2006 9780309100632 Internally displaced, refugees and returnees from and in Nordic Africa Institute, ISBN 9171064664, By Desirée Nilsson the Sudan: a review 2000 9789171064660 ISBN 1594549753, Aid in Conflict . By Matthew Clarke Nova Publishers, 9781594549755

By OECD Staff, Organisation for Système de Notification Des Pays Créanciers Sur Les Economic Co-operation and ISBN 9264103325, OECD Publishing, 2003 Activités D'aide: Aid Activities in Africa 2001-2002 Development. Development 9789264103320 Assistance Committee, OECD

By International Network for the Original from the INASP-Health directory 2003/2004: including INASP ISBN 1902928148, Availability of Scientific Publications University of Michigan health links 9781902928142 (INASP) Published by INASP, 2003 Digitized Jul 18, 2008

Working Paper 191 A Critical Review of Approaches to Overseas Development Assessing and Monitoring Livelihoods in Situations of ISBN: 0 85003 629 1 8 Institute Chronic Conflict and Political Instability Rebuilding communities in a refugee settlement: a ISBN 0855983949, By Lina Payne Oxfam, 1998 casebook from Uganda 9780855983949 By Pantaleo Cretì, Susanne Jaspars, ISBN 0855985631, Cash-transfer programming in emergencies Oxfam, 2006 Oxfam GB., Oxfam 9780855985639

Humanitarian Programmes and HIV and AIDS: A By Vivien Margaret Walden, Marion ISBN 0855985623, Oxfam, 2007 Practical Approach to Mainstreaming O'Reilly, Mary Yetter 9780855985622

Holding corporations accountable: corporate conduct, Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 1856499847, By Judith Richter international codes, and citizen action 2001 9781856499842 By Basudeb Guha-Khasnobis, Shabd Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 0230553575, Food Insecurity, Vulnerability and Human Rights Failure S. Acharya, Benjamin Davis 2007 9780230553576

Reconstructing Agriculture in Afghanistan: Agriculture by Adam Pain (Editor), Jacky Sutton Practical Action ISBN "1853396346" and Food Security (Editor) Publishing, 2007 By Edward J. Clay, Olav Stokke, European Association of ISBN 0714650846, Food aid and human security Routledge, 2000 Development Research and Training 9780714650845 Institutes Policy Analysis for effective development: strengthening ISBN 8179930831, By Kristin Morse, Raymond J Struyk TERI Press transition economies 9788179930830 The Rosen Publishing ISBN 140420976X, Starvation in Africa By Linley Erin Hall. Group 9781404209763 WHO Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative, Revised, WHO WHO, UNICEF 2006 ISBN 9241595019 Updated and Expanded By Margaret Grosh, Carlo Del For Protection and Promotion: The Design and World Bank ISBN 0821375814, Ninno, Emil Tesliuc, Azedine Implementation of Effective Safety Nets Publications, 2008 9780821375815 Ouerghi

Environmental health in emergencies and disasters: a By Benjamin Wisner, John Adams, World Health ISBN 9241545410, practical guide World Health Organization Organization, 2002 9789241545419 Section C: Other Reports A sample of other reports identified via the Google Scholar and SCOPUS search include evaluation reports, research pieces, interim funding reports or even include training manuals.

Table 3. Other reports citing ENN or Field Exchange Author/Organisation (unless Title/Source Institution Year already specified) Assessment and improvement of care for AIDS- International Center for Early AED 2000 affected children under age 5 Childhood Development report.

SWP-CPN Analysis and Evaluation Paper (AEP) Una Macaskill. AEP 1999 I/VII, Humanitarian Assistance in Sudan in 1998,

Participation by the Affected Population in Relief Operations: A Review of the Experience of DEC ALNAP report ALNAP 2000 Agencies during the Response to the 1998 Famine in South Sudan

CARE USA’s Southern and West African Regional Management “Those with no means of support”: Malawi Unit in conjunction with World CARE / WFP 2006 Vulnerability Targeting Study. Food Program’s Southern Africa Regional Bureau

Evaluation of the Department of International Department for International Development’s Support to The Active Learning Development (DFID), UK DFID 2004 Network for Accountability and Performance Report Government. By United Nations Environment Earthprint Limited on behalf of the United Africa environment outlook: case studies : human Programme, Original from the Nations Environment Programme, 2004 2004 vulnerability to environmental change University of Michigan Digitized Oct 6, 2008

Ethiopia Early Warning Department of the Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Emergency nutrition intervention guideline Ethiopian Government 2004 Commission. Emergency Nutrition Coordination Unit (ENCU). FAO Resource Guide. Protecting and promoting G Beaton, A Kelly, J Kevany, R good nutrition in FAO 2005 Martorell, J Mason. crisis and recovery. Methodological Concerns in the Measurement of Undernourishment, Dietary Diversity and Household FAO FAO Report 2007 Food Insecurity. Improving the analysis of food insecurity. Food insecurity measurement, livelihoods approaches and Devereux, S, Baulch B, Hussein policy. Applications in food insecurity and FIVIMS 2004 K, Shoham J, Sida H, Wilcock D. vulnerability information and mapping systems (FIVIMS). A paper prepared for FIVIMS. GTZ International Training Assessment Instruments and Intervention Strategies GTZ 2004 Course. A Global Hunger Index Measurement Concept, International Food Policy Research Institute Wiesmann 2006 Ranking of Countries, and Trends". (IFPRI) International Food Policy Research Institute AIDS, poverty, and hunger: challenges and responses Stuart R. Gillespie. 2006 (IFPRI)

International Institute for International Institute for Environment and Wildlife and Development Series Environment and Development, 2003 Development London Cajanus: the Caribbean Food & Nutrition Institute By Caribbean Food and Original from University of Texas 2000 quarterly Nutrition Institute

By Jeremy Shoham, Fiona O'Reilly, Emergency Nutrition Humanitarian Crisis and Conflict: Food Assistance Network, Overseas Development Overseas Development Institute 1998 and Nutritional Security Issues Institute (London, England), Norsk utenrikspolitisk institutt

A Critical Review of Approaches to Assessing and Overseas Development Institute Monitoring Livelihoods in Situations of Chronic Overseas Development Institute 2002 Working Paper 191. Conflict and Political Instability. ,

Assessing the impact of humanitarian assistance. A HPG Humanitarian Policy Overseas Development Institute 2004 review of methods in the food and nutrition sector. Group Background Paper.

Humanitarian Practice Network, Network Paper Overseas Development Institute 2006

Emergency Health and Nutrition The Emergency Nutrition Portfolio, Save the Children 2007 Forum, Proceedings of a workshop held at the Safari Park Global Livestock Collaborative Hotel, Nairobi Kenya. “Livestock Marketing in Kenya Syracuse University NY, USA. 2003 Research Support Program. and Ethiopia” International food aid programs: options to enhance By United States. Congress. effectiveness : hearing before the Subcommittee on House. Committee on Foreign Africa and Global Health of the Committee on U.S. G.P.O. 2007 Affairs. Subcommittee on Africa Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One and Global Health Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, May 24, 2007 STATUSUL NUTRIŢIONAL AL FEMEII GRAVIDE, AL COPIILOR CU VÂRSTA SUB 5 UNICEF 2005 ANI, AL ŞCOLARILOR ÎN VÂRSTĂ DE 6–7 ANI, ROMÂNIA

United Nations Population Fund and Australian Southeast Asian Populations in Crisis. United Nations Population Fund. 1998 National University, New York, NY

Discussion Papers on Development Policy, ZEF Zentrum für Bonn, Zentrum für Entwicklungsforschung, Center Entwicklungsforschung, Center Universität Bonn. Germany 2003 for Development Research, for Development Research, John Hopkins Bloomberg, School of public health University - John Hopkins 2005 report Master of Arts in Development Masters Thesis “The Role of NGOs in the Policy with a focus on NGOs University of Bremen . 2003 Reconstruction of Angola after the Civil War”. (DENGO), Faculty of Social Sciences, Report U.S.A. DESIGNING RIGHTS-BASED Department of Political Science University of Hawai’I 2007 SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMS. Research thesis Gribble K University of Sydney 2007 Venezula INSTITUTO DE ALTOS ESTUDIOS Instituto de altos estudios Venezula 2005 “ARNOLDO GABALDÓN” Report Bustreo F, Genovese E, Improving child health in post conflict countries can Omobono E, Axelesson H, World Bank 2005 the World Bank contribute. Bannon L. Midterm Review of Grant on Institutional Capacity Catholic Relief Services (CRS) USAID website Building to USAID http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PDACK457.pdf

Section D: ReliefWeb

ReliefWeb is a leading on-line gateway to information (documents and maps) on humanitarian emergencies and disasters. It is an independent vehicle of information, designed specifically to assist the international humanitarian community in effective delivery of emergency assistance, it provides timely, reliable and relevant information as events unfold, while emphasizing the coverage of ‘forgotten emergencies’ at the same time. ReliefWeb is administered by the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).

A search of ReliefWeb indicated 183 documents listed based on a search for ‘Field exchange’ (exact phrase). These include reports citing Field Exchange articles and ENN produced guidelines and are categorised as follows:

(ODI) Reports 1. ALNAP Manual for the Provision of General Food Distributions during Emergency Programmes in Malawi. Joint Emergency Food Aid Programme (JEFAP) (2003) and Participation by the affected population in relief operations: A review of the experience of DEC agencies during the response to the 1998 famine in south Sudan (2001)

2. HPN ODI Report: Nutritional interventions in ‘open situations’: lessons from north-western Sudan (2002) HPN Network paper 47 Missing the point, An analysis of food security interventions in the Great Lakes (2004) HPN Humanitarian Practice Network, Humanitarian Policy Group Report Number 15, 2003 According to need? Needs assessment and decision-making in the humanitarian sector (2004) HPN Humanitarian Practice Network, Humanitarian Exchange Number 37 March 2007

Journal Articles Conflict and Health 2007, 1:11 Public health, conflict and human rights: toward a collaborative research agenda

Government Reports DEC: "A Stitch in Time? Independent Evaluation of the Disasters Emergency Committee’s Southern Africa Crisis Appeal July 2002 to June 2003" United States Government Accountability Office GAO. Report to Congressional Requesters. Darfur Crisis: Death Estimates Demonstrates Severity of Crisis, but Their Accuracy and accuracy and credibility could be enhanced (2006) USAID FEWS NET Understanding nutrition data and the causes of malnutrition in Kenya A special report by the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) (2006)

UN Initiatives Food Security Analysis Unit (FSAU) - Monthly updates on Nutrition situation in Somalia (2001, 8 issues) UN Sub-Committee on Nutrition -Report on the Nutrition Situation of Refugees and Displaced Populations 39 (2002) United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Humanitarian Update - Uganda Volume II, Issue 1 (2000) UNDP Human development report 2007/2008 - Famine in Malawi: Causes and consequences UNDP Human Development Report 2007/2008 - Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world

Field Exchange Issues/Articles A total of 154 articles (with some complete issues) from Field Exchange with full pdf reports available covering a wide range of subjects

Other Agencies Groupe Urgence - Réhabilitation – Développement. Linking relief, rehabilitation and development programme (LRRD) in Afghanistan: Jalalabad - A resort city of change (2006) ZINSA Save the Children Zimbabwae Emergency Preparedness Bulletin Special Edition on HIV/AIDS and Food Security Issue No.. 23 (2004) Tsunami Evaluation Coalition (TEC) - South Asia: Joint evaluation of the international response to the Indian Ocean tsunami - Synthesis Report (2006)

Universities Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Center for Refugee and Disaster Studies. Mortality in North Korean migrant households: a retrospective study (2000) University of Notre Dame (Indiana, USA) The Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies. Morbidity and Mortality among Iraqi Children (1999)

Section E: Training An in-depth investigation of ENN cited in ‘training’ should be considered but far exceeds the scope of this project. A very brief scan via the internet includes the following key documents of reference for field practitioners.

Sphere Training Manual – Nutrition module cites four pieces by ENN. One piece is indicated as “Required pre-reading” i.e. Emergency Nutrition Network (1998). Infant Feeding in Emergencies: Policy, Strategy and Practice. Dublin. Further reading includes:  Collins, S. 1998. The risks of wet feeding programmes. Emergency Nutrition Network. Field Exchange Issue 3. January 1998  Maxwell, S. 2000. The application of minimum standards during crisis: A practitioner's perspective, southern Sudan 1998/9. Emergency Nutrition Network, Field Exchange Issue 11. December 2000  Banquet S, van Herp M (2000). A pellagra epidemic in Kuito, Angola. Field Exchange Issue 10. Emergency Nutrition Network. July 2000

FAO - Food Security Information for Action Programme ENN listed as online resource for the Distance learning course. The EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme is funded by the European Union and implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations http://www.foodsec.org/DL/course/shortcourseFN/en/ppt/trainerresources/presentati on0281.ppt.

UNICEF/WHO BABY-FRIENDLY HOSPITAL INITIATIVE Revised, Updated and Expanded for Integrated Care Preliminary Version for Country Implementation January 2006. References ENN resources. http://www.babyfriendly.org.hk/images/cms/File/BFHI_Revised_Section1.pdf

WHO The World Health organisation has listed the Emergency Nutrition Network in their Nutrition in Emergencies webpage as a source for “useful information on specific emergencies”. See website https://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/emergencies/en/index.html (last accessed 15 April 2009). Resources produced by the ENN (training modules 1 and 2 on Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies (IFE), a Model Joint Statement on IFE and Operational Guidance on IFE are listed as recommended WHO publications on nutrition in emergencies http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/emergencies/en/index.html (accessed 25 April 2009). The WHO Guidelines on Food and nutrition needs in emergencies by WHO, UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP (2004) cites ENN resources and reports WHO Technical guidelines for health action in crises. In the Manual for Tools in Analysing disrupted health sectors, Module 4 entitled “Health Status and Health Needs” cites three different articles from Field Exchange: o Collins S. The dangers of rapid assessment. In: Field Exchange. Emergency Nutrition Network. Issue 14. November 2001. o Myatt M. Taylor A. Courtland Robinson W. A method for estimating mortality rates using previous birth history. Field Exchange. 17. 2002. o Woodruff B. A. Measuring mortality rates in cross-sectional surveys: a commentary. Field Exchange. 17. 2002.

WHO, UNICEF, FANTA African Regional Training on Integrated Management of Severe Malnutrition, Dar es Salaam, 20th to 30th September 2006

UNESCO Training Resources included in UNESCOs (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Open Training Platform programme in Food Aid. Specifically articles “From Food Crisis to Fair Trade - Livelihoods Analysis, Protection and Support in Emergencies” and “Targeting Food Aid in Emergencies”.

Tulane University Cited in their lecture presentation on Therapeutic feeding programs via the PANDA (Practical analysis of nutritional data) course. Nutritional Assessment and Interventions in Emergency Settings (ppt.) http://www.tulane.edu/~panda2/Emergency/emhome.htm

The University of Denver Health & Humanitarian Aid Course (2009) cites ENN as background reading resource

University College London provides link to ENN as Library stock of resources

Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Australia Course in Refugee Health utilises articles from Field Exchange to develop it’s course (personal correspondence)

Section F: Other Institutions identified citing work from ENN This section represents a sample of the broad spectrum of agencies/universities which have cited work by ENN/Field Exchange. The list is by no means exhaustive – rather a ‘dip’ into the internet sources that have published articles online. There was no means (largely due to time constraints) to further validate other literature or sources external to the internet publishing forum. Some of these agencies/institutions are profiled below and all have some reference or articles available online which cite work of ENN.

UN Sub-committee on Nutrition – http://www.unscn.org/ Field Exchange features on the Home page as a direct link. The mandate of the SCN is to promote cooperation among UN agencies and partner organizations in support of community, national, regional, and international efforts to end malnutrition in all of its forms in this generation. It will do this by refining the direction, increasing the scale and strengthening the coherence and impact of actions against malnutrition world wide, and raise awareness of nutrition problems and mobilize commitment to solve them at global, regional and national levels. ENN regularly cited in its publication the Nutrition Information in Crisis Situations (NICS) (See Reliefweb results)

Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance II Project (FANTA-2), 2008 – 2013 FANTA-2 works to improve nutrition and food security policies, strategies and programs through technical support to the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and its partners, including host country governments, international organizations and NGO implementing partners. Focus areas for technical assistance include maternal and child health and nutrition, HIV and other infectious diseases, food security and livelihood strengthening, and emergency and reconstruction. FANTA-2 develops and adapts approaches to support the design and quality implementation of field programs, while building on field experience to improve and expand the evidence base, methods and global standards for nutrition and food security programming. The project is funded by USAID and managed by the Bureau for Global Health (GH). This website cites several articles, meeting reports and ENN ‘special supplement’ publications.

Development gateway The Development Gateway Foundation based inWashington DC was launched by the World Bank and is the hub for a world-wide network of over 50 Country Gateways. Australia was a founding member and funding contributor of the Development Gateway Foundation and has become the first OECD country to develop its own Country Gateway. The Australian Development Gateway (ADG) is an integral part of this major international initiative and highlights ENN as a resource link in the Disaster management section of Health Issues. It provides a direct link to the ENN with background information.

Research & Development Institutes worldwide: Germany 1. Bonn: The CENTER FOR DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH (ZEF) was established in 1995 as an international, interdisciplinary research institute at the University of Bonn. Research and teaching at ZEF aims to contribute to resolving political, economic and ecological development problems. ZEF closely cooperates with national and international partners in research and development organizations. For information, see: http://www.zef.de. ZEF – DISCUSSION PAPERS ON DEVELOPMENT POLICY are intended to stimulate discussion among researchers, practitioners and policy makers on current and emerging development issues. Each paper has been exposed to an internal discussion within the Center for Development Research (ZEF) and an external review. The papers mostly reflect work in progress.

2. Bremen: MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT POLICY, University of Bremen

USA John Hopkins Bloomberg The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health is dedicated to the education of a diverse group of research scientists and public health professionals, a process inseparably linked to the discovery and application of new knowledge, and through these activities, to the improvement of health and prevention of disease and disability around the world. Articles cite work from ENN (Field Exchange).

UK Humanitarian Policy Group of the ODI Humanitarian Practice Network is an independent forum for humanitarians to share and disseminate information, analysis and experience. We publish specialist resources for practitioners and policy makers alike and facilitate debate through regular events and the Online Exchange discussion forum. Their publications regularly cite ENN (Table 3).

Centre for International Health and Development – University College London The ENN is listed as a partner in the unit at http://www.ucl.ac.uk/cihd/partners and links directly to the ENN here and reflecting collaborative work on management of acute malnutrition in young infants (MAMI Project) at http://www.ucl.ac.uk/cihd/research/nutrition/mami

ALNAP The Active Learning Network for Accountability and Performance in Humanitarian Action (ALNAP) was established in 1997, following the multi-agency evaluation of the Rwanda genocide. It is a collective response by the humanitarian sector, dedicated to improving humanitarian performance through increased learning and accountability.

Tufts University The Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy FOOD POLICY AND APPLIED NUTRITION PROGRAM. ENN resources cited in their Discussion papers which aim to provide a means for researchers, students and professionals to share thoughts and findings on a wide range of topics relating to food, hunger, agriculture and nutrition. www.nutrition.tufts.edu/FPAN.

The Small Arms Survey The Small Arms Survey is an independent research project located at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland. It serves as the principal international source of public information on all aspects of small arms and as a resource for governments, policy- makers, researchers, and activists. The project has an international staff with expertise in security studies, political science, international public policy, law, economics, development studies, conflict resolution, and sociology. The staff works closely with a worldwide network of researchers and partners.

Aid Workers Network is a free service set up to enable aid workers to share practical advice and resources with each other. 18283 registered. Funding via Red Cross and Oxfam. ENN mentioned in forum section as a resource.

Clinical Pediatric Nutrition (Indonesia) A global website resource and advocate in the field of paediatric nutrition, advancing excellence in clinical care through education and information networking. Cites ENN as online resource

World Alliance on Breastfeeding Action (WABA) The World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action (WABA) is a global network of individuals & organisations concerned with the protection, promotion & support of breastfeeding worldwide. WABA action is based on the Innocenti Declaration, the Ten Links for Nurturing the Future and the Global Strategy for Infant & Young Child Feeding. WABA is in consultative status with UNICEF & an NGO in Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations (ECOSOC). WABA link to the ENN website and key IFE resources at http://www.waba.org.my/