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Pourquoi La Culture Est La Solu

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Pourquoi La Culture Est La Solu POURQUOI LA CULTURE EST LA SOLUTION ? WHY CULTURE IS THE SOLUTION ? État des lieux de la culture au Maroc, en Tunisie, en Égypte et au Liban A diagnosis of the cultural sector in Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt and Lebanon 1 Cette publication est le résultat d’un travail d’un an, dans le cadre du projet MARSAD (Mediterranean Action and Research for Sustainability And Developement), initié par l’association Racines, en partenariat avec : l’association “Notre culture d’abord“ (Tunisie), “ElMadina for performing and digital arts“ (Égypte) et “Me’zaf“ (Liban). This publication is the outcome of a one year of work, within the framework of the project MARSAD (Mediterranean Action and Research for Sustainability and Development). The project is initiated by Racines, in partnership with : “Our culture first“ association (Tunisia), “ElMadina for performing and digital arts“ (Egypt) and “Me’zaf“ (Lebanon) Implemented by: In partnership with: Funded by: SouthMed CV partners: This project is co-funded by the European Union within the framework of the regional programme MedCulture The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of Racines and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. Décembre / December, 2017 Sommaire Contents MAROC MOROCCO Pourquoi la culture est la solution ? Why culture is the solution? Témoignages Testimonies Storytelling - Théâtre Aquarium 05 Storytelling - Théâtre Aquarium TUNISIE TUNISIA Développements récents en Tunisie Recent developments in Tunisia Témoignages Testimonies Storytelling - La Fabrique 35 Storytelling - La Fabrique ÉGYPTE EGYPT L’état des lieux des politiques The status of cultural policies in culturelles en Égypte Egypt Témoignages 62 Testimonies Storytelling - Studio ElMadina Storytelling - ElMadina Studio LIBAN LEBANON Politiques culturelles au Liban Cultural policies in Lebanon Témoignages Testimonies Storytelling - Sauver un cinéma... 88 Storytelling - Saving a cinema... © Zakaria Rochdi MAROC - MOROCCO Pourquoi la culture est la 6 Why culture is the 7 solution ? solution? Témoignages 24 Testimonies 25 Storytelling - Aquarium, 26 Storytelling - Aquarium, an 27 une singularité théâtrale outstanding female féminine hors pair theatrical singularity Racines est une association à but non lucratif oeuvrant pour l'intégration de la culture dans les politiques publiques de développement humain, social et économique, au Maroc, en Afrique et dans la région arabe. Racines is a Moroccan non profit organization advocating for the integration of culture into public policies of human, social and economic development, in Morocco, Africa and the arab region. © Zakaria Rochdi 5 POURQUOI LA CULTURE EST LA SOLUTION ? EL MEHDI AZDEM INTRODUCTION HISTORIQUE DES POLITIQUES Situé au nord-ouest de l’Afrique, le Maroc est CULTURELLES AU MAROC bordé de la mer Méditerranée au nord, de L’histoire des politiques culturelles au Maroc l’océan Atlantique à l’ouest, de l’Algérie à l’est et de la Mauritanie au sud. Le pays compte une a commencé avec le Dahir du 26 novembre population de 33 971 015 habitants pour une 1912, portant sur la protection des arts et des superficie de 710 850 km2. Son régime politique monuments historiques. A cette époque, un est une monarchie constitutionnelle, dont service des antiquités des beaux-arts et des les deux langues officielles sont, depuis 2011, monuments historiques a été créé. Il était divisé l’Arabe et l’Amazigh, conformément à l’article 5 en quatre parties : les monuments antiques de la constitution du Maroc. antérieurs à l’Islam, les inscriptions historiques, les objets d’art et d’antiquité et les fouilles Depuis son indépendance en 1956, le archéologiques. Huit ans plus tard, en 1920, ce Maroc a connu plusieurs progrès sur service est complètement réorganisé et passe le plan économique, technologique et sous la tutelle de la direction de l’instruction environnemental, mais aussi quelques échecs, publique. Il est alors divisé en trois sections : au niveau de ses services publics, notamment monuments historiques et palais impériaux, pour l’éducation et la santé. Plusieurs entretien des résidences, construction et chantiers et réformes ont été lancés pour le aménagement des musées. développement durable, mais demeurent insuffisants pour un pays qui peine à se hisser L’époque du protectorat français (1912-1956) aux premiers rangs des différents classements, a vu naître les premières infrastructures notamment parmi les pays africains et arabes. culturelles au Maroc. Nous pouvons citer quelques structures de diffusion : le théâtre de Les rapports des organismes internationaux Cervantès à Tanger (1913), le musée Al Bathas à (ONU, UNESCO, FMI, etc.) démontrent Fès (1915), le théâtre municipal de Casablanca clairement ses défaillances, et recommandent (1920), le musée Dar Jamai à Meknès (1920), le d’investir dans l’humain - l’enfance, la jeunesse, musée Dar Si Said à Marrakech (1932), ainsi que les femmes - , dans le monde rural et dans des structures de formation : l’Ecole des beaux- la culture comme outil de développement. arts de Casablanca (1950), le conservatoire D’autant plus que cette dernière en a toujours de musique de Dar Moulay Rachid construit été le maillon faible et que cet investissement en 1927 à Rabat, et les conservatoires de s’avère nécessaire pour faire société. Casablanca, de Tétouan et Marrakech qui ont ouvert leurs portes respectivement en 1940, 1945 et 1948. WHY CULTURE IS THE SOLUTION? EL MEHDI AZDEM INTRODUCTION HISTORY OF CULTURAL POLICIES Located in the north-west of Africa, Morocco is IN MOROCCO bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, The history of cultural policies in Morocco the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Algeria to the began with the Dahir of 26 November 1912, on east and Mauritania to the south. The country the protection of arts and historic monuments. has a population of 33 971 015 inhabitants and At that time, a Fine Arts Antiquities and Historic 2 an area of 710 850 km . Its political regime is a Monuments Department was created. It was constitutional monarchy, and since 2011, its two divided into four parts: the ancient monuments official languages are Arabic and Tamazight, prior to Islam, the historical inscriptions, in accordance with Article 5 of the Moroccan objects of art and antiques and archaeological Constitution. excavations. Eight years later, in 1920, this service was completely reorganized and came Since its independence in 1956, Morocco made under the supervision of the Department of progress on the economic, technological and Public Education. It was then divided into environmental levels, but also some failures three sections: historical monuments and in terms of public services (education and imperial palaces, maintenance of residences, health). Several projects and reforms have been construction and development of museums. launched for sustainable development, but are still insufficient for a country struggling to The first cultural infrastructures of Morocco reach the top ranks of the various rankings and were created during the French protectorate indexes, particularly among African and Arab (1912-1956): the theater of Cervantes in Tangier countries. (1913), the Museum Al Bathas in Fez (1915), the municipal theater of Casablanca (1920), Dar The reports of international organizations Jamai Museum in Meknes (1920), the Museum (UN, UNESCO, IMF, etc.) clearly demonstrate Dar Si Said in Marrakech (1932), as well as its failures, and recommend to invest in the training institutes: the school of fine arts in country’s human capital - children, youth, Casablanca (1950), the conservatoire of music women - in the rural areas and in culture as a of Dar Moulay Rachid built in 1927 in Rabat, tool for development, since it has always been the conservatoirs of Casablanca, Tetouan and a weak link, and since it is necessary to invest in Marrakech which were opened respectively in culture for a better society. 1940, 1945 and 1948. 7 On peut également citer, parmi Ce contexte politique répressif a aussi collaboré à l’illustration des les premières troupes de théâtre, permis l’émergence d’une action premières éditions de la revue la Troupe des anciens élèves du culturelle et artistique subversive, Souffles. lycée Moulay Idriss à Fès (1923), contestataire et multidisciplinaire : et parmi les organismes publics, THÉÂTRE : le Centre Cinématographique Au niveau des arts dramatiques, Marocain (CCM) créé en 1944. LITTÉRATURE : la troupe du Théâtre Arabe de la La maison d’édition Dar El Kitab, La première association littéraire Radio Marocaine fut créée en 1949 pionnière dans le domaine au au Maroc fut créée en 1961, par Abdellah Chakroun à Rabat. Maroc, a quant à elle été créée en par Mohamed Aziz El Hababy, Il sera le premier dramaturge à 1948. écrivain et philosophe marocain, recruter deux femmes, Amina accompagné d’un groupe de Rachid et Habiba El Medkouri, de Après l’indépendance du Maroc professionnels passionnés de leurs vrais noms Jamila Benomar et en 1956, plusieurs chantiers ont été littérature maghrébine. Il s’agit de Halima El Hachemi, au sein de sa lancés pour le développement du l’Union des Ecrivains du Maroc formation. Après l’indépendance, pays. (UEM), pour but défendre les droits plusieurs troupes ont vu le jour de ces écrivains et de structurer le sur la scène théâtrale marocaine. Un premier gouvernement, dirigé champ littéraire marocain. Ensuite, On peut citer la troupe du Théâtre par Mbarek Bekkai, et composé de nous verrons la création de la Marocain de Bachir El Elj, l’Arabité 20 portefeuilles,
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