DOCSLIB.ORG

Osmanli'dan Günümüze Kibris Inanç Tarihi

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Osmanli'dan Günümüze Kibris Inanç Tarihi T.C. NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ FELSEFE VE DİN BİLİMLERİ ANABİLİM DALI DİNLER TARİHİ BİLİM DALI OSMANLI’DAN GÜNÜMÜZE KIBRIS İNANÇ TARİHİ MUSTAFA ŞENGİL DOKTORA TEZİ DANIŞMAN: PROF. DR. NERMİN ÖZTÜRK KONYA-2020 T.C. NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü ÖZET Adı Soyadı Mustafa ŞENGİL Numarası 148102013073 Ana Bilim / Bilim Dalı FELSEFE VE DİN BİLİMLERİ / DİNLER TARİHİ Tezli Yüksek Lisans Programı Doktora • Öğrencinin Tez Danışmanı Prof. Dr. Nermin ÖZTÜRK Tezin Adı OSMANLI’DAN GÜNÜMÜZE KIBRIS İNANÇ TARİHİ Kıbrıs Adası, tarihin farklı dönemlerinde birçok medeniyet ve kültüre ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Bugün adada yaşayan iki büyük topluluk Rumlar ve Türklerdir. Bunun yanında küçük gruplar halinde Ermeniler, Marunîler, Latin Katolikler, Anglikanlar, Yahudiler ve yeni dini oluşumlardan Yahova Şahitleri, Bahailer ve Protestanlar yaşamaktadır. Çalışma Osmanlı Devleti’nin adada nasıl bir ortam bulduğunu göstermek adına 1571 yılından önceki durumu, Osmanlı’nın adayı fethi ve sonrasını, 1878-1960 yılları arasında adayı yönetmiş olan İngiliz idaresi dönemini ve 1960’dan günümüze dini durumu ortaya koymayı amaçlamıştır. Bugün ada nüfusunun çoğunluğunu oluşturan Ortodoks Rum halkı, Osmanlı Devleti’nin adayı fethi ile yaşama şansı bulmuş, ellerinden alınan kilise ve manastırları Osmanlı Devleti sayesinde kendilerine iade edilmiştir. Osmanlı tebaası olan Müslüman Türkler, 1878 İngiliz idaresi sonrası Rumların kendilerine saldırmaları sebebiyle doğal bir refleksle savunma pozisyonuna geçmişler, Osmanlı Devleti’nin yıkılmış ve hilafetin kaldırılmış olması sebebiyle lidersiz kalmışlar, kendi aralarında örgütlenerek ulusal topluma geçiş sürecini yaşamışlardır. Bu süreçte Kıbrıs İslamları tanımlaması yerini Kıbrıs Türkleri tanımlamasına bırakmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kıbrıs, Din, Kıbrıs Tarihi, Dinler Tarihi, Hıristiyan, Müslüman, Ortodoks Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Ahmet Keleşoğlu Eğitim Fak. A1-Blok 42090 Meram Yeni Yol /Meram /KONYA Tel: 0 332 201 0060 Faks: 0 332 201 0065 Web: www.konya.edu.tr E-posta: [email protected] T.C. NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü ABSTRACT Name and Surname Mustafa ŞENGİL Student Number 148102013073 Religious And Philosophical Studies/ History of Religion Department Master’s Degree (M.A.) Study Programme Doctoral Degree (Ph.D.) • Author’ s Supervisor Prof. Dr. Nermin ÖZTÜRK Title of the Thesis/Dissertation Religious History of Cyprus from Ottomans to Nowadays The island of Cyprus has hosted many civilizations and cultures in different periods of history. The two major communities living on the island today are Greeks and Turks. In addition, small groups of Armenians, Maronites, Latin Catholics, Anglicans, Jews and the new religious entities, such as Jehowa’s Witnesses, Bahais and Protestants live there. The study aims at revealing the situation before 1571, when the Ottoman Empire conquered the island, the conquest of the island by the Ottomans and its aftermath, the period of British rule between 1878-1960, and the religious situation since 1960. Orthodox Greek people, who constitute the majority of the island population today, had the chance to live with the conquest of the island by the Ottoman State, and thanks to the Ottoman Empire their churches and monasteries were returned to them. After the attack of Cypriot Greeks towards Muslim Turks following the establishment of British rule in 1878, it was only a natural reflex for these once Ottoman citizens to protect themselves, and to undego a process of nationalization in the wake of the collapse of Ottoman Empire and the consequent removal of khalifat. In this process, the appellation of Cypriot Muslim let its place to Cypriot Turk. Keywords: Cyprus, Religion, History of Cyprus, History of Religions, Christian, Muslim, Orthodox Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Ahmet Keleşoğlu Eğitim Fak. A1-Blok 42090 Meram Yeni Yol /Meram /KONYA Tel: 0 332 201 0060 Faks: 0 332 201 0065 Web: www.konya.edu.tr E-posta: [email protected] iv İÇİNDEKİLER ÖZET ................................................................................................................ İİ ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... İİİ İÇİNDEKİLER ............................................................................................... İV ÖNSÖZ ...........................................................................................................Vİİ KISALTMALAR ............................................................................................ İX GİRİŞ……………...…………………………………………….. .................. 10 1. Araştırmanın Konusu .............................................................................. 10 2. Araştırmanın Amacı ve Önemi ............................................................... 11 3. Araştırmanın Kapsamı ve Sınırları........................................................ 11 4. Araştırmanın Yöntemi ............................................................................ 12 5. Araştırmanın Kaynakları ........................................................................ 12 1. BÖLÜM OSMANLI’NIN FETHİNE KADAR KIBRIS 1. Kıbrıs’ta İlk Yahudilik ............................................................................ 17 1.1. Yahudiliğin Kıbrıs’ta Ortaya Çıkışı ................................................... 17 1.2. Osmanlı Döneminde Yahudilerin Kıbrıs’ta Yaşadığı Bölgeler ......... 18 2. Kıbrıs’ta İlk Hıristiyanlık ....................................................................... 19 2.1. Barnaba’nın Kıbrıs’a Gelişi ve Yahudilikten Dönüşüm .................... 19 2.2. Kıbrıs Ortodoks Kilisesi .................................................................... 20 2.3. Kıbrıs Katolik Kilisesi (1191-1571) .................................................. 24 2.3.1. Lüzinyanlar Dönemi (1192-1489) ................................................ 26 2.3.2. Venedikliler Dönemi (1489-1570) ................................................ 30 3. Kıbrıs’ta İlk İslamiyet ............................................................................. 31 2. BÖLÜM OSMANLI DÖNEMİ KIBRIS’TA DİNİ DURUM 1. Adanın Osmanlı Tarafından Fethi ......................................................... 33 2. Fethi Hazırlayan Sebepler....................................................................... 33 2.1. Jeopolitik Sebepler ............................................................................. 33 2.2. Ekonomik Sebepler ............................................................................ 34 2.3. Dini Sebepler ..................................................................................... 34 3. Fetih Sırasında Kıbrıs’ta Yaşayan Din Mensupları ............................. 35 3.1. Yahudiler ........................................................................................... 35 3.2. Hıristiyanlar ....................................................................................... 37 3.2.1. Katolikler....................................................................................... 37 v 3.2.2. Ortodokslar .................................................................................... 39 4. Osmanlı’nın Adayı Fethinden Sonra Dini Durum................................ 40 4.1. Ortodoks Hıristiyanlar ....................................................................... 40 4.2. Ermeniler ........................................................................................... 53 4.3. Marunîler ........................................................................................... 57 4.4. Süryaniler ........................................................................................... 59 4.5. Yahudiler ........................................................................................... 59 4.6. Linobambakiler .................................................................................. 61 4.7. Müslümanların Adaya Yerleşmeleri ve Sürgünler ............................ 62 5. Değerlendirme .......................................................................................... 65 3. BÖLÜM İNGİLİZ YÖNETİMİNDE DİNİ DURUM 1. İngilizlerin Adayı İlhakı .......................................................................... 70 1.1. Osmanlı’nın Adayı Kaybetmesinden Sonraki Genel Dini Durum .... 78 1.1.1. Müslümanlar ................................................................................. 79 1.1.1.1. Naiblik .................................................................................... 82 1.1.1.2. Müftülük ................................................................................. 86 1.1.1.3. Evkaf Murahhası..................................................................... 89 1.1.1.4. Fetva Eminliği Meselesi ......................................................... 94 1.1.2. Hıristiyanlar................................................................................... 98 1.1.2.1. Ortodoks Hıristiyanlar ............................................................ 98 1.1.2.1.1. Kilise Krizi 1900-1910 ....................................................... 103 1.1.2.2. Ermeniler .............................................................................. 110 1.1.2.3. Marunîler .............................................................................. 113 1.1.2.4. Latin Katolik Hıristiyanlar.................................................... 114 1.1.2.5. Anglikan-İngiliz Kilisesi
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Monastery of Kykkos
    Monastery of Kykkos 1 The monastery of the Virgin of Kykkos is located at an altitude of approximately 1,200 meters, about one kilometer from mountain Kykkos, a 1,318 m high peak in the western part of the Troodos range. That peak is also known by the name Throni or Throni of Panagia. The monastery is the most famous and rich among the active Cypriot monasteries of our time. It is also one of the most important in terms of history as well as national and social work. The Holy Monastery of Panagia of Kykkos was founded around the end of the 11th century by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos, and since then has housed the icon of the Virgin reputedly painted by Apostle Luke. According to the tradition concerning the establishment of the Monastery, a virtuous hermit called Esaias used to live in a cave on the mountain of Kykkos. One day, Manuel Boutomites, the Byzantine governor of the island, who was spending his summer holidays at a village in the Marathasa valley went hunting and was lost in the forest. He came upon the hermit and asked him how he could go back. Esaias wished to avoid all things of this world and so did not reply. His attitude angered Boutomites, who resorted to verbal and even physical abuse. Shortly afterwards, Boutomites was taken ill with an incurable disease. This led him to recall his inhuman behaviour towards Esaias and asked God to make him well so that he could go to the hermit and ask him for his forgiveness.
    [Show full text]
  • Cyprus Tourism Organisation Offices 108 - 112
    CYPRUS 10000 years of history and civilisation CONTENTS CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 5 CYPRUS 10000 years of history and civilisation 6 THE HISTORY OF CYPRUS 8200 - 1050 BC Prehistoric Age 7 1050 - 480 BC Historic Times: Geometric and Archaic Periods 8 480 BC - 330 AD Classical, Hellenistic and Roman Periods 9 330 - 1191 AD Byzantine Period 10 - 11 1192 - 1489 AD Frankish Period 12 1489 - 1571 AD The Venetians in Cyprus 13 1571 - 1878 AD Cyprus becomes part of the Ottoman Empire 14 1878 - 1960 AD British rule 15 1960 - today The Cyprus Republic, the Turkish invasion, 16 European Union entry LEFKOSIA (NICOSIA) 17 - 36 LEMESOS (LIMASSOL) 37 - 54 LARNAKA 55 - 68 PAFOS 69 - 84 AMMOCHOSTOS (FAMAGUSTA) 85 - 90 TROODOS 91 - 103 ROUTES Byzantine route, Aphrodite Cultural Route 104 - 105 MAP OF CYPRUS 106 - 107 CYPRUS TOURISM ORGANISATION OFFICES 108 - 112 3 LEFKOSIA - NICOSIA LEMESOS - LIMASSOL LARNAKA PAFOS AMMOCHOSTOS - FAMAGUSTA TROODOS 4 INTRODUCTION Cyprus is a small country with a long history and a rich culture. It is not surprising that UNESCO included the Pafos antiquities, Choirokoitia and ten of the Byzantine period churches of Troodos in its list of World Heritage Sites. The aim of this publication is to help visitors discover the cultural heritage of Cyprus. The qualified personnel at any Information Office of the Cyprus Tourism Organisation (CTO) is happy to help organise your visit in the best possible way. Parallel to answering questions and enquiries, the Cyprus Tourism Organisation provides, free of charge, a wide range of publications, maps and other information material. Additional information is available at the CTO website: www.visitcyprus.com It is an unfortunate reality that a large part of the island’s cultural heritage has since July 1974 been under Turkish occupation.
    [Show full text]
  • Program of Measures of River Basin Management Plan of Cyprus (Period 2016-2021)
    Τμήμα Αναπτύξεως Υδάτων Program of Measures of River Basin Management Plan of Cyprus (Period 2016-2021) October 2016 «CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE ELABORATION OF THE 2ND RIVER MANAGEMENT PLAN OF CYPRUS, FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DIRECTIVE 2000/60/EC, AND FOR THE ELABORATION OF THE FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT, PLAN FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DIRECTIVE 2007/60/EC» WDD 10/2014 The project may be co-financed by the Cohesion Fund Consortium LDK Consultants Engineers & Planners S.A.. ECOS Consulting S.A. Date: 25.11.2016 Version: Final Description: Submission after the approval decision of Ministerial Council on 07.10.2016 WDD 10/2014 Program of Measures of River Basin Management Plan of Cyprus TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY ............................................................................... 14 1. PREFACE ................................................................ 1-17 2. BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR SETTING OUT THE PROGRAM OF MEASURES .................................... 2-21 2.1 THE FRAMEWORK OF DIRECTIVE 2000/60/EC ........................................... 2-21 2.1.1 Main Principles ................................................................................................... 2-21 2.1.2 Basic measures .................................................................................................. 2-23 2.1.3 Supplementary measures .................................................................................. 2-25 2.1.4 Key type measures............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • WORKSHOP on the QUALITY of RECYCLED WATER and ITS APPLICATION in AGRICULTURE Organised By: SEWERAGE BOARD of LIMASSOL‐ AMATHUS LIMASSOL 27 APRIL 2012
    WORKSHOP ON THE QUALITY OF RECYCLED WATER AND ITS APPLICATION IN AGRICULTURE Organised by: SEWERAGE BOARD OF LIMASSOL‐ AMATHUS LIMASSOL 27 APRIL 2012 •1 WATER DEVELOPMENT REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS DEPARTMENT MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE , NATURAL 1047 NICOSIA RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT TREATED EFFLUENT REUSE SCHEME IN CYPRUS ANGELIKI LARCOU YIANNAKOU SANITARY ENGINEER SEWAGE AND REUSE DIVISION •2 CONTENTS 1. INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT LAW 79(I) /2010 2. WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS 3. SUPPLY OF TREATED EFFLUENT 4. REUSE OF TREATED EFFLUENT 5. QUANTITIES OF TREATED EFFLUENT PER PLANT 6. FUTURE QUANTITIES OF TREATED EFFLUENT 7. SELLING RATES OF TREATED EFFLUENT 8. AQUIFER RESCHARGE 9. TREATED EFFLUENT IRRIGATION NETWORKS 10. OTHER USES OF TREATED EFFLUENT 11. QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS AND CONTROL OF THE TREATED EFFLUENT FOR AGGLOMERATIONS ABOVE 2000P.E. ACCORDING TO THE DISCHARGE PERMITS:. 12. QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS OF THE TREATED EFFLUENT FOR AGGLOMERATIONS LESS THAN 2000 P.E. 13. ANALYSES OF TREATED EFFLUENT 14. METHODS OF DISINFECTION OF URBAN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS 15. DATA FOR SOIL IRRIGATED WITH TREATED EFFLUENT •3 16. GENERAL COMMENTS FOR THE REUSE OF TREATED EFFLUENT 1. Integrated Water Management Law Ν. 79(Ι) / 2010 PART V – WASTEWATER Based on the new law, Water Development Department is responsible for the following regarding wastewater treatment: • Establishment of wastewater treatment system • Storm water drainage system establishment • Local authority technical advisor • Technical Advisor for Sewerage Boards • Sewage Treatment of all
    [Show full text]
  • CHARILAOS APOSTOLIDES PUBLIC LIMITED REPORT and CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2005
    CHARILAOS APOSTOLIDES PUBLIC LIMITED REPORT AND CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2005 CHARILAOS APOSTOLIDES PUBLIC LIMITED REPORT AND CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2005 CONTENTS PAGE Board of Directors and other officers 1 Report of the Board of Directors 2 - 3 Declaration of the members of the board of directors and the company officials responsible for the drafting of the financial statements 4 Auditors' report 5 Consolidated income statement 6 Consolidated balance sheet 7 Consolidated statement of changes in equity 8 Consolidated cash flow statement 9 Notes to the consolidated financial statements 10 - 33 CHARILAOS APOSTOLIDES PUBLIC LIMITED BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND OTHER OFFICERS Board of Directors: George Photiou (Chairman and Managing Director) Nicolaos Philippou (Executive Director) Christodoulos Matthew (Executive Director) Mikis Ioannou (Executive Director) Christos Papastavrou (Executive Director) Charis Photiou (Executive Director) Lambros Pelekanos (Non Executive Director) Company Secretary: Christodoulos Matthew Assistant Secretary: Chartac Management Services Limited Auditors: MOORE STEPHENS STYLIANOU & CO CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS - CY 58 Arch. Makarios III Avenue Iris Tower 6th Floor, Office 602 1075 Nicosia, Cyprus Legal Advisers: Panayiotou & Pelekanos Registered Office: Chapo Tower - 1st Floor 75, Athalassas Avenue 2012 Strovolos Nicosia - Cyprus Bankers: The Cyprus Popular Bank Public Company Ltd Hellenic Bank Public Company Ltd Alpha Bank Ltd Bank of Cyprus Public Company Ltd Registration
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Energy Action Plan
    Sustainable Energy Action Plan Lakatamia Municipality - Cyprus 5 September 2011 Sustainable Energy Action Plan Lakatamia Municipality - Cyprus Brief Summary The “Pact of Islands” (ISLE-PACT project) is committed to developing Local Energy Action Plans, with the aim of achieving European sustainability objectives as set by the EU for 2020, that is of reducing CO2 emissions by at least 20% through measures that promote renewable energy, energy saving and sustainable transport. The Cyprus Energy Agency is a participating partner in the ISLE-PACT project and has invited Cyprus local authorities to demonstrate their political commitment by signing the “The Pact of Islands”; agreement in order to achieve the EU sustainability targets for 2020. Cyprus participation involves 12 Municipalities and 2 Communities, including Lakatamia Municipality. The Lakatamia is today one of the seven major municipalities of Nicosia with a population of approximately 40,000 residents and an area of 29 square kilometers. The year 2009 was designated as the year of referencing/recording energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the Municipality’s territory. According to actual consumption data collected by the Electricity Authority of Cyprus (utility), the oil companies, the Statistical Service of Cyprus, etc, the total energy consumption in 2009 in Larnaka was 598.151 MWh The largest consumer of energy in the municipality is transport with 375.210 followed by the residential sector with 119.394 MWh and less with the tertiary sector 75.273 MWh. The CO2 emissions in 2009 attributable to the overall energy consumption in the municipality are 215.611 tons. For the forecast of CO2 emissions in the period 2010 to 2020, the scenario of expected evolution was established, where it was estimated that without taking any measures emissions will amount to 225.591 tons.
    [Show full text]
  • Implementation of Sewerage Systems in Cyprus
    MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE , NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT Monitoring of the Implementation Plan in Cyprus Current Status Dr. Dinos A. Poullis Executive Engineer Water Development Department Ministry of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment Contents Accession Treaty Commitments National Implementation Plan Stakeholders in the Implementation Plan Sewerage Boards Organizational Setup Information and Data Sources for the Preparation of the Implementaton Plan Implementation – current status Work to be Done Difficulties in Implementation Concluding Remarks Accession Treaty Commitments Transitional period negotiated in the accession treaty of Cyprus for the implementation of the UWWTD, Articles 3, 4 and 5(2) ◦ 31.12.2012 Three interim deadlines concerning four agglomerations>15.000pe ◦ 31.12.2008 – 2 agglomerations (Limassol and Paralimni) ◦ 31.12.2009 - 1 agglomeration (Nicosia) ◦ 31.12.2011 - 1 agglomeration (Paphos) National Implementation Plan National Implementation Plan2005 ◦ Submitted to the EC in March 2005 ◦ 6 Urban agglomerations – 545.000pe ◦ 36 Rural agglomerations – 130.000pe National Implementation Plan2008 ◦ Working Groups for Reporting and the EC Guidance Document ◦ Revised NIP-2008 (agglomeration methodology, new technical solutions, government policies and law amendments) ◦ 7 Urban agglomerations – 630.000pe ◦ 50 Rural agglomerations – 230.000pe Article 17 ◦ A revised Implementation Plan is under preparation. Stakeholders in the Implementation Plan Council of Ministers (overall responsibility for the Implementation Plan) Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment Ministry of Interior Ministry of Finance Planning Bureau Sewerage Boards (Established and operate under the “Sewerage Systems Laws 1971 to 2004”) ◦ Urban Sewerage Boards ◦ Rural Sewerage Boards Sewerage Boards Organizational Setup Urban Sewerage Boards ◦ Autonomous organizations (technically and administratively competent) ◦ Carry out their own design, tendering, construction and operation of their sewerage systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Population Enumerated by District
    POPULATION ENUMERATED BY SEX, MEAN AGE, DISTRICT, MUNICIPALITY/COMMUNITY AND QUARTER (1.10.2011) MEAN AGE BY SEX GEOGRAFICAL DISTRICT, MUNICIPALITY/ CODE COMMUNITY, QUARTER TOTAL MALES FEMALES Mean Age Mean Age Mean Age Total 37.80 37.09 38.48 1 Lefkosia District 37.89 37.05 38.67 1000 Lefkosia Municipality 39.39 38.02 40.66 100001 Agios Andreas 42.42 40.67 44.08 100002 Trypiotis 40.44 38.83 41.79 100003 Nempetchane 38.72 38.02 39.30 100004 Tampakchane 39.19 38.38 39.71 100005 Faneromeni 38.11 36.47 39.77 100006 Agios Savvas 36.63 34.50 39.22 100007 Omerie 38.92 34.76 43.24 100008 Agios Antonios 39.21 37.98 40.35 100009 Agios Ioannis 42.45 41.16 43.72 100010 Taktelkale 37.54 35.44 39.66 100011 Chrysaliniotissa 40.15 35.91 43.88 100012 Agios Kassianos 35.80 31.15 42.06 100013 Kaimakli 39.67 38.70 40.59 100014 Panagia 37.54 36.55 38.48 100015 Agioi Konstantinos kai Eleni 38.74 37.17 40.19 100016 Agioi Omologitai 40.03 38.34 41.52 100017 Arap Achmet 42.68 38.52 45.69 100018 Geni Tzami 41.74 38.78 45.21 100019 Omorfita 36.81 35.60 37.95 1010 Agios Dometios Municipality 42.12 41.32 42.83 101001 Agios Pavlos 40.74 39.97 41.43 101002 Agios Georgios 42.60 41.79 43.32 1011 Egkomi Municipality 36.85 36.28 37.37 1012 Strovolos Municipality 38.97 38.14 39.72 101201 Chryseleousa 39.36 38.65 39.99 101202 Agios Dimitrios 40.89 39.88 41.78 101203 Apostolos Varnavas kai Agios Makarios 38.52 38.17 38.84 101204 Agios Vasileios 36.67 35.86 37.43 101205 Ethnomartyras Kyprianos 46.84 44.70 48.61 101206 Stavros 52.54 50.44 54.04 1013 Aglantzia Municipality 39.95
    [Show full text]
  • Cyprus 11000 Years of History
    Contents Introduction 5 Cyprus 11000 years of history and civilisation 6 The History of Cyprus 7-17 11500 - 10500 BC Prehistoric Age 7 8200 - 1050 BC Prehistoric Age 8 1050 - 480 BC Historic Times: Geometric 9 and Archaic Periods 475 BC - 395 AD Classical, Hellenistic and Roman Periods 10 395 - 1191 AD Byzantine Period 11-12 1192 - 1489 AD Frankish Period 13 1489 - 1571 AD The Venetians in Cyprus 14 1571 - 1878 AD Cyprus becomes part of the Ottoman Empire 15 1878 - 1960 AD British rule 16 1960 - Today The Republic of Cyprus, the Turkish 17 invasion, European Union entry Lefkosia (Nicosia) 18-39 Lemesos (Limassol) 40-57 Larnaka 58-71 Pafos 72-87 Ammochostos (Famagusta) 88-95 Troodos 96-110 Aphrodite Cultural Route Map 111 Wine Route Map 112-113 Cyprus Tourism Offices 114 Cyprus Online www.visitcyprus.com Our official website provides comprehensive information on the major attractions of Cyprus, complete with maps, an updated calendar of events, a detailed hotel guide, downloadable photos and suggested itineraries. You will also find a list of tour operators covering Cyprus, information on conferences and incentives and a wealth of other useful information. Lefkosia Lemesos - Larnaka Limassol Pafos Ammochostos - Troodos 4 Famagusta Introduction Cyprus is a small country with a long history and rich culture. It is not surprising that UNESCO included the Pafos antiquities, Choirokoitia Neolithic settlement and ten of the Byzantine period churches of Troodos on its list of World Heritage Sites. The aim of this publication is to help visitors discover the cultural heritage of Cyprus. The qualified personnel at any of our Information Offices will be happy to assist you in organising your visit in the best possible way.
    [Show full text]
  • Cyprus Main Report Directorate General Regional Policy a Report Submitted By
    STRATEGIC EVALUATION ON ENVIRONMENT AND RISK PREVENTION UNDER STRUCTURAL AND COHESION FUNDS FOR THE PERIOD 2007-2013 Contract No. 2005.CE.16.0.AT.016. National Evaluation Report for Cyprus Main Report Directorate General Regional Policy A report submitted by in association with Andrew Farmer, Vanessa Aufenanger, Samuela Bassi, Patrick ten Brink and Jason Anderson Institute for European Environmental Policy, IEEP 18 Avenue des Gaulois, B1040 Brussels, Belgium & 28 Queen Anne’s Gate London, SW1H 9AB, UK Date: November 10th, 2006 GHK Brussels Rue de la Sablonnière, 25 B-1000 Brussels Tel: +32 (0)2 275 0100; Fax : +32 (2) 2750109 GHK London 526 Fulham Road London, United Kingdom SW6 5NR Tel: +44 20 7471 8000; Fax: +44 20 7736 0784 www.ghkint.com TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................................. 1 1 OVERVIEW AND HORIZONTAL ISSUES ............................................................................... 2 1.1 Country overview.................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Status of implementing the EU environmental Acquis........................................................... 4 1.3 Environmental Policies, Strategies and Planning .................................................................. 5 1.4 Overview of national environmental expenditure ................................................................... 7 1.5 Insights on past programming/funding..................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • SEWERAGE SYSTEMS in CYPRUS National Implementation Programme Directive 91/271/EEC for the Treatment of Urban Waste Water
    SEWERAGE SYSTEMS IN CYPRUS National Implementation Programme Directive 91/271/EEC for the treatment of Urban Waste Water Pantelis Eliades SiSenior EtiExecutive EiEngineer Head of the Wastewater and Re‐use Division Water Development Department «Water Treatment –Sewage» Spanish – Cypriot Partnering Event Hilton Hotel, Nicosia, 15 March 2010 Contents • Introduction • Requirements of the Directive 91/271/EEC • Implementation Programme of Cyprus(IP‐2008) – Description – CliCompliance DtDates – Current Situation – RidRequired IttInvestments / Financ ing • Collection Networks • Waste Water Treatment Plants • Re‐use of Treated Waste Water 2 Introduction • The Council Directive 91/271/EEC concerns the collection, treatment and discharge of urban wastewater with objective the protection of the environment. • According to Artilicle 17 of the Diiirective, Cyprus establish ed an Implementation Programme which concerns: – 57 Agglomerations – Population Equivalent(p.e.) 860.000 – Investments €1.430 million – Co‐Financ ing by EU €125 million • The Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment has the overall responsibility for the implementation of the Directive 3 Requirements of the Directive 91/271/EEC • Installation of collec tion netktworksand wastttewater tttreatmen t plants for secondary or equivalent treatment, in the agglomerations with population equivalent (p.e.) greater than 2000, (Articles 3 and 4) • More stringent treatment in sensitive areas which are subject to eutrophication – removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus (Article 5)
    [Show full text]
  • Water Supply Enhancement in Cyprus Through Evaporation Reduction
    Water Supply Enhancement in Cyprus through Evaporation Reduction by Chad W. Cox B.S.E. Civil Engineering Princeton University, 1992 Submitted to the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ENGINEERING IN CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY June 1999 © 1999 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights Reserved Signature of the Author___ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering May 7, 1999 Certified by Dr. E. Eric Adams Senior Research Engineer, Depa94f pf Ti il angEnvironmental Engineering Thesis Supervisor Accepted by -o4 Professor Andrew J. Whittle Chairman. Denmatint Committee on Graduate Studies Water Supply Enhancement in Cyprus through Evaporation Reduction by Chad W. Cox Submitted to the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering on May 7, 1999 in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of Master of Engineering in Civil and Environmental Engineering Abstract The Republic of Cyprus is prone to periodic multi-year droughts. The Water Development Department (WDD) is therefore investigating innovative methods for producing and conserving water. One of the concepts being considered is reduction of evaporation from surface water bodies. A reservoir operation study of the Southern Conveyor Project (SCP) suggests that an average of 6.9 million cubic meters (MCM) of water is lost to evaporation each year. The value of this water is over CYE 1.2 million, and replacement of this volume of water by desalination will cost CYE 2.9 million. The WDD has investigated the use of monomolecular films for use in evaporation suppression, but these films are difficult to use in the field and raise concerns about health effects.
    [Show full text]