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Ontologija Mulla Sadra Shirazija View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repozitorij Filozofskog fakulteta u Zagrebu' at University of Zagreb Sveučilište u Zagrebu Filozofski fakultet Rusmir Šadić ONTOLOGIJA MULLA SADRA SHIRAZIJA DOKTORSKI RAD Zagreb, 2017. University of Zagreb Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Rusmir Šadić THE ONTOLOGY OF MULLA SADR SHIRAZI DOCTORAL THESIS Zagreb, 2017. Sveučilište u Zagrebu Filozofski fakultet Rusmir Šadić ONTOLOGIJA MULLA SADRA SHIRAZIJA DOKTORSKI RAD Mentori: Prof. dr. sc. Lino Veljak Prof. dr. sc. Rešid Hafizović Zagreb, 2017. University of Zagreb Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Rusmir Šadić THE ONTOLOGY OF MULLA SADR SHIRAZI DOCTORAL THESIS Supervisors: Prof. dr. sc. Lino Veljak Prof. dr. sc. Rešid Hafizović Zagreb, 2017. INFORMACIJE O PRVOM MENTORU: Prof. dr. sc. Lino Veljak Rođen 1950. u Rijeci, diplomirao (1973), magistrirao (1976: «Filozofijske osnove teorije odraza») i doktorirao (1982: «Filozofija prakse Antonija Gramscija») na Filozofskom fakultetu u Zagrebu. Od 1974. do 1976. nastavnik filozofije i logike na Drugoj gimnaziji u Zagrebu, 1976. asistent u Institutu za filozofiju Sveučilišta u Zagrebu (od 1978. Odjel za povijest filozofije Centra za povijesne znanosti, gdje je 1978. stekao suradničko zvanje znanstvenog asistenta). U istom zvanju radi od 1979. na Katedri za teorijsku filozofiju Odsjeka za filozofiju na Filozofskom fakultetu u Zagrebu, 1983. izabran u zvanje docenta, 1990. u zvanje izvanrednog profesora, a 2002. u zvanje redovitog profesora. Od 1992. predstojnik Katedre za ontologiju. Dužnost pročelnika Odsjeka privremeno obavljao 1982/83. Od 1992. do 1994. bio pročelnik Odsjeka. Akad. godine 1990/91. boravio kao Humboldtov stipendist na Sveučilištu u Frankfurtu. Gostovao na većem broju domaćih i inozemnih sveučilišta. Od 2001. dopunski predaje filozofiju povijesti na Odsjeku za filozofiju Filozofskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci, a akad. godine 2005/06. i na Filozofskom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Splitu. Bio voditelj nekoliko znanstveno-istraživačkih projekata, član je raznih uredništava i savjeta filozofskih časopisa i u više navrata član Upravnog odbora Hrvatskog filozofskog društva. Voditelj poslijediplomskog studija filozofije na Filozofskom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Od publikacija izdvajam sljedeće naslove: Marksizam i teorija odraza, Zagreb: Naprijed, 1979.; Filozofija prakse Antonija Gramscija, Beograd: SIC, 1983.; Horizont metafizike, Zagreb: Hrvatsko filozofsko društvo (Biblioteka Filozofskih istraživanja, sv. 12), 1988.; Raspuća epohe, Zagreb: Biblioteka “Pitanja”, 1990.; (ed.), Človek-demokracia-poznanie, Bratislava: Kalligram, 2000.; (co-ed.), Between Authoritarianism and Democracy. I: Institutional Framework, Belgrade: CEDET, 2003.; Od ontologije do filozofije povijesti, Zagreb: Hrvatsko filozofsko društvo (Biblioteka filozofskih istraživanja, sv. 123), 2004.; (co- ed.), Between Authoritarianism and Democracy. II: Civil Society and Political Culture, Belgrade: CEDET, 2005.; (ed.), Gajo Petrović – čovjek i filozof, Zagreb: FFpress, 2007.; (ed.), Filozofija i suvremenost. Zbornik radova s konferencije povodom 80. obljetnice rođenja Danila Pejovića, Zagreb: FFpress, 2010.; Prilozi kritici lažnih alternativa, Beograd: Otkrovenje, 2010.; (ed.), Gajo Petrović, filozof iz Karlovca, HFD, Zagreb 2014.; (ed.), Znanost, filozofija i suvremenost, HFD, Zagreb 2015. INFORMACIJE O DRUGOM MENTORU: Prof. dr. sc. Rešid Hafizović Rođen 1956. godine u Potočarima kod Srebrenice, danas je redovni profesor na Fakultetu islamskih nauka u Sarajevu. Pored bavljenja islamskom dogmatikom i uporednim religijama, Rešid Hafizović se bavi pisanjem iz oblasti uporedne mistične filozofije i filozofirajuće teologije, kao i prevođenjem tekstova iz rečenih oblasti sa arapskog, engleskog, francuskog i italijanskog jezika. Realizirao je nekoliko studijskih i istraživačkih putovanja i to u Paris (Institu Catolique, 1990/91), Oxford (Oxford center for islamic studies, 1998.), Cambridge, (Fitz William College, 1997), Tokyo, Kyoto University, 1998. Iz njegova autorskog opusa posebno se ističu sljedeći naslovi: Ibn Arebijevo filozofsko- teološko učenje o Logosu (Zenica, 1995.); Teološki traktati I – o načelima islamske vjere (Sarajevo, 1996.); Znakovi šiitske duhovnosti (Sarajevo, 1997.); Temeljni tokovi sufizma (Sarajevo, 1999.); Muslimani u dijalogu s drugima i sa sobom – svetopovijesne i hijeropovijesne paradigme (Sarajevo, 2002.), Stubovi vjere i džihad (Sarajevo, 2015.). Od prevedenih knjiga ovdje ćemo spomenuti sljedeće: prijevod sa arapskog izvornika i komentar Ibn Arebijeva Fusus al-hikama. Zatim, prijevod dva značajna djela Frithjofa Schouna: Dimenzije islama, sa engleskog izvornika; Transcendentno jedinstvo religija, sa francuskog izvornika. Prijevod djela Edwarda Saida, Orjentalizam – zapadnjačke predodžbe o Orijentu, sa engleskog izvornika; prijevod četverotomnog djela Henry Corbina, Islam u Iranu I-IV, te djela Islamska filozofija u Iranu – XVII i XVIII stoljeće, sa francuskog izvornika; prijevod djela Fazlur Rahmana, Filozofija Mulla Sadra Širazija, prijevod četverotomnog komentara Abdullaha Bošnjaka na Ibn Arebijev Fusus sa arapskog jezika. SAŽETAK: Filozofija Mulla Sadraa Shirazija, premda predstavlja sami vrhunac kasnije islamske filozofije i sintezu ukupnog muslimanskog intelektualnog angažmana, još uvijek nije valjano istražena i ostaje nepoznanica čak većini poznavalaca islamske filozofije. Iako je riječ o orginalnom i opsežnom znanstvenom opusu filozofa iz Shiraza, koji nudi mogućnost dubljeg upoznavanja sa intelektualnom baštinom muslimanskog filozofskog genija ali i nesvakidašnji okvir za komparativni pristup i potpunije razumijevanje između Istoka i Zapada, valja kazati kako je njegova misao neopravdano ostala u sjeni klasika islamske filozofije. Konačno, takvom stanju značajno je doprinijela i teza o „kraju“ islamske filozofije sa smrću Averroesa, koja se nerijetko promicala na Zapadu i koja je postala temeljna referentna pozicija pri svakoj analizi muslimanskog mišljenja. Transcendentna filozofija (hikma al-muta'aliyya), što je termin kojim Mulla Sadra određuje svoju misao, figurira kao svojevrsna sinteza peripatetičke filozofije Ibn Sinaa, iluminacijske filozofije Suhrawardija, gnostičke teorije Ibn Arebija i temeljnih pozicija muslimanske teologije. Drugim riječima, filozof iz Shiraza u svom tekstu smiruje krajnje domete filozofije (falsafa), gnoze ('irfan) i teologije (kalam). Riječ je o onoj filozofiji koja njeguje racionalni i demonstrativni pristup, ali koja uključuje i intelektualnu intuiciju kao integralni dio znanja. Ontologija Mulla Sadraa, kao temeljna pozicija iz koje je mislio sve druge probleme svoje filozofije, označava stvarnu revoluciju unutar muslimanskog filozofskog mišljenja. Naime, njegova ontologija zagovara metafiziku bitka nasuprot metafizike biti koja je do Mulla Sadraovog vremena imala dominantnu ulogu unutar kruga muslimanskih filozofa. To će reći da je učenje o primarnosti egzistencije u odnosu na esenciju (asalat al-wujud) fundamentalna pozicija Mulla Sadraove ontologije, iz koje će motriti najdublja pitanja epistemologije i eshatologije, a čije su najizravnije implikacije učenje o gradaciji bitka kao ontološkom ustrojstvu svega bivstvujućeg (tashkik al-wujud) i prepoznatljivo ekberijanska doktrina o transcendentnom jedinstvu bitka (wahdat al-wujud). Cilj ovog rada je istražiti osnovne principe Mulla Sadraove ontologije, te ukazati na orginalnost i značaj njegovog filozofskog mišljenja. Tome će prethoditi izlaganje razvoja i temeljnih ontoloških pitanja unutar klasične islamske filozofije. Izlaganje filozofije Mulla Sadraa, kao najznačajnijeg predstavnika isfahanske filozofske škole iz XVI i XVII. stoljeća, vodit će nas ka uvidu u neutemeljenost teze o „kraju“ islamske filozofije i otkrivanju kontinuiteta islamskog filozofskog mišljenja. Ključne riječi: ontologija, Mulla Sadr Shirazi, islamska filozofija, bitak, primarnost egzistencije SUMMARY: Mulla Sadra Shirazi is the most important philosophical phenomena in later Islamic philosophy. His philosophy presents the continuity of Muslim philosophical thought while reversing the thesis of the end of Islamic philosophy with the death of Averroes. Since this region doesn't contain any written studies that systematically analyze and critically present Mulla Sadr's ontology, this paper will point to it's basic principles. The Mulla Sadra ontology advocates metaphysics of the being, meaning the priority of existence in respect of the essence, the unity of being as the reality hidden behind individual forms of existence, considers the gradation of the being as the ontological structure of all beings, reveals the man as a being-in-the-world who in death tempts its own transformation as a new form of existence. Also, this paper will analyze Mulla Sadr's ontology compared to earlier philosophical concepts within the Islamic thought, and point to the importance of his overall philosophical thinking. Islamic philosophical thought, that continued to develop in another geographical area after the death of Averroes, although it offers a variety of ideas and a huge amount of literature, was systematically neglected and denied in the West. The lack of knowledge of the language, culture and views cherished within the east-Islamic intellectual environment, has led the western man to declare them intellectually non-existent. Contrary to such attitudes, we will point out in the example of Mulla Sadra ontology the special philosophical thinking developed in the XVII.
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