LIST OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS USED IN THIS BOOK

Acania Zooplankton Acartia clause Zooplankton Acania tonsa Calanoid copepod spp. Achatina spp. Edible land snails Achatina fulica African giant snail Acipenser oxyrhynchus Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus White sturgeon Agriolimax meticulatus Common field slug Alligator mississipiensis Alligator Allolobophora longa Terrestrial Ammodytidae spp. Sand Amusium balloti Scallops Anguilla anguilla European eel Anguilla japonica Japanese eel Aplysia dactylomela Tropical sea hare Aplysia kurodai Japanese sea hare Arctica islandica Icelandic bivalve Argopectan irradians Argopecten bay scallop Arion ater Slug Aristichtus nobilis Big head carp Artemia salina Brine Anemia nauptii Brine shrimp nauplii Articulata Class of gill-breathing

B acillariphyta Phylum of diatoms Bivalvia Class of oysters, mussels, clams, scallops Boleophthalmus chinensis Mud skipper Brachionus plicatilis Rotifer Branchiura sowerby Tubificid worm Brevoortia spp. Menhaden

Calanus Genus of Copepod Calanus finmarchicus Copepod Callinactes sapidus Blue Rock crab Cancer magister 558 Handbook on ingredients for feeds

Caranx delicatissimus Striped jack Carassius auratus Goldfish Cardiem spp. Cockle Catla catla Indian major carp Caulerpales Order of seaweed Centropages Zooplankton Cephalopoda Class of squid Ceramiales Class of seaweed Ceriodaphnia comuta Zooplankton Cerithium sp. Pest snails in ponds Cerithium tenellum Pest snail in ponds Chaetoceros spp. Diatoms Chaetoceros calcitrans Algae Chanos chanos Milkfish Channa maculatus Formosan snakehead Channa micropeltes Indonesian snakehead Channa striatus Snakehead tenuimanus Freshwater Chinoecetes opilio Snow crab Chlamydomonas Flagelate Chlorella vulgaris Green micro-algae Chlorophyceae Class of seaweed Chlorophyta Phylum of green micro-algae Chrysophrys auratus Gilthead sea bream Chrysophrys major Red (Japanese) seabream Cichlasoma urophthalmus Mexican native cichlid Cirrhinus mrigala Indian major carp Cirrhinus molitorella Mud carp Cladophorales Order of green algae seaweed anguillaris Mudfish Clarias batrachus Clarias fuscus Formosan catfish African catfish Clarias isheriensis African catfish Clarias lazera African catfish Clarias macrocephalus Catfish Clarias mossambicus African airbreathing catfish Clupea harengus Herring Clupea harengus harengus Atlantic herring Clupea harengus pallasii Pacific herring Colossoma macropomum Tambagui Conger conger Conger Coregonus albula Coldwater vendace Crangonidae Shrimp family Crassostrea spp. Oyster List ofscientific names 559

Crassostrea gigas Pacific oyster, blue print ~ster Crassostrea virginica American oyster Ctenopharyngodon idellus Grass carp Cyanobacteria Phylum of micro-algae Cyprinidae Carp family Cyprinus carpio Common carp, mirror carp

Daphnia Micro-crustacea, water flea Daphnia pulex Micro-crustacea Daphnia similis Micro-crustacea Order of Decapterus spp. Horse mackerel Dendrodrilus subrubicundus Terrestrial worm Dicentrachus labrax European sea bass Dictyotales Order of seaweed Dinophyta Phylum of dinoflagellates Dosidicus gigas Jumbo flying squid Dunaliella salina Astaxanthin producing algae

E isenia foetida Terrestrial worm Elliptio complanatus Mussel Emerita analoga Sand crab Engraulidae spp. Anchovy (true) Engraulis mordax Northern anchovy Eriocheir sinensis Chinese crab Epinephelus spp. Grouper Eudrilus eugeniae African night crawler Euphausia Genus of small, shrimp-like phosphorescent Euphausia superba Antarctic species Euphausiidae Family of Antarctic krill Evynnis japonica Crimson sea bream

F ugu rubripes Puffer Fugu vermicularis Puffer fish

Gadus morhua Cod Geryon quinquedens Red crab Gigartinales Class of seaweed, order of red algae Girella punctata Nibbler Glycera dibranchiata Blood worm Gobio gobio Gudgeon Gonyaulax catenella Phytoplankton Gonyaulax tarensis Phytoplankton Gymnodium breve Marine dinoflagellate 560 Handbook on ingredients for aquaculture feeds

H aematococcus Green micro-algae Haematococcus pluvialis Micro-algae Haliotis spp. Abalone Haliotis discus Ezo abalone Haliotis fulgens Pink abalone, southern green abalone Haliotis sieboldi Japanese abalone Haliotis tuberculata Ormer abalone Haptophyta Phylum of micro-algae Heliantis spp. Snail abalone Helix spp. Edible land snails Helix aspersa maxima Giant edible land snail longifilis African catfish tossilis Catfish Hexagrammos otakii Greenling Hippoglossus hippoglossus Halibut Homarus americanus Spiny , European lobster Hypothalmichthys molitrix Silver carp

I ctalurus furcatus Blue catfish Ictalurus punctatus Ictiobus cyprinellus Buffalo fish Illex illegebrosus Short finned squid Isochrysis galbana Algae

Labeo rohita Rohu (Indian carp) Labidocera Zooplankton Lamellibranchiata Class of oysters, mussels, clams, scallops Laminaria Long leafed kelp Laminariales Order of seaweed Lates calcarifer Seabass Lebictes reticulatus Common guppy Lepomis chanellus Green sunfish Lepomis macrochirus Bluegill sunfish Lepomis microlophas Longear sunfish Leptobarbus hoevenii Hoven's carp Liza macrolepis Mullet Liza parsia Mullet Loligo loligo Squid (largest species) Loligo pealei Long fin squid Loligo vulgaris Common squid Loliquinidae Family of cephalopods Genus of Lumbricus terrestris Earthworm Lycera dibranchiata Blood worm List ofscientific names 561

M acrobrachium Freshwater sub-family Macrobrachium nobilis Fresh water prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii Giant freshwater prawn Macrocystis Giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera Seaweed Macroramphosus scolopax Snipefish Mallotus villosus Capelin Menidia beryllina Silverside Mercenaria mercenaria Hard clam Merluccius geyi Chilean hake Metapenaeus monoceros Speckled shrimp, ginger prawn Micaractinum Sewage-green algae Micropogonias undulatus Atlantic croaker Micropterus dolomieui Small-mouth bass Monochrysis Genus of micro-algae Modulus metcalfei Brown mussel Morone chrysops Striped bass Morone saxatilis Sunshine bass Meganyctiphanes norvegica Norwegian krill Melanogrammus aeglefinus Haddoc Menidia menidia Atlantic silverside Merlangus merlangus Whiting Micropterus salmoides Largemouth Misgurunus anguillicaudatus Oriental weatherfish Modiolus modiolus New Zealand green mussel Modulus metcalfei Brown mussel Moina macrocopa Water flea Moina notable Water flea Mollusca Phylum of oysters, mussels, clams, scallops Monochrysis Genus of micro-algae Mugil auratus Golden mullet Mugil cephalus Grey mullet, Pacific mullet Mylio macrocephalus Black sea bream Mylopharyngodon piceus Black carp Mysidopsis bahia Mysid Mystus nemurus Tropical catfish Mytilidae Family of mussels Mytilus californianus California sea mussel, common mussel Mytilus edulis Blue mussel

Natantia Suborder of decapode crustaceans Neomysis integer Crayfish Neries sp. Marine Nitocra spinipes Harpacticoid copepod Nototodarus sloanii Wellington flying squid, New Zealand arrow squid 562 Handbook on ingredients for aquaculture feeds

Oithona Zooplankton Class of earthworm Omnastrephidae Family of Cephalopods Oncorhynchus spp. Pacific salmons Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Pink salmon Oncorhynchus keta Chum salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch Coho salmon Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus nerka Sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus tschawytscha Chinook salmon Oplegnathus Jasciatus Striped knifejaw Oplegnathus punctatus Spotted parrot fish Oreochromis aureus Blue tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Nile tilapia Osphyronemus gourami Gourami Ostrea spp. Flat oysters Ostreidae Family of oysters Oxyelotris marmoratus Marble goby

P acificastus leniusculus Freshwater crayfish Pagrus major Red seabream Pagurus ehrenborgi Common crab Palaemon elegans Carribean shrimp Common prawn, pink shrimp Palaemonidae Freshwater prawn family Palmaria palmata Red algae Pandalidae Shrimp family Deepwater prawn Pangasius sutchi Catfish Paralichthys olivaceus Japanese flounder Paraealanus dabryanus Chinese loach Pavlova Genus of micro-algae Pecten maximus Scallop Pectinidae Family of scallops aztecus Brown shrimp Shrimp family Penaeus californiensis Yellow leg shrimp Penaeus chinensis Chinese shrimp Penaeus duorarum Pink shrimp Penaeus indicus Indian prawn Penaeus japonicus Kuruma prawn Penaeus kerathurus Caramote prawn Penaeus merguiensis Banana prawn Tiger prawn List ofscientific names 563

Penaeus orientalis Chinese shrimp Penaeus paulensis Sao Paulo shrimp Penaeus penicillatus Red tail shrimp Penaeus schmittii Southern white shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus Green tiger prawn, bamboo node prawn Penaeus setiferus White shrimp Penaeus stylirostris Blue shrimp Penaeus vannamei White leg shrimp Perca spp. Perch Perca fiuviatilis Perna canaliculus New Zealand green mussel Perna viridis Green mussel Phaeophyceae Order of seaweed Phoxinus laevis Minnow Pimephales promelas Fathead minnow Placuna placenta Window-pane oyster Platymonas suecica Phytoplankton Plecoglossus altivelis Ayu sweetfish Pleuroncodes plannipes Red crab Pleuronectes platessa Plaice Pluerobena cordatum Big toe mussel Poecilia reticulata Guppy Poecilis latipinna Molly Poecilla sphenops Molly Pollachius virens Coalfish, saithe Pollachius pollachius Pollack Polydon spathula Paddlefish Pomacea caniculata Golden apple snail Red swamp crayfish Procambarus zonangulus Swamp crayfish Pseudocaranx dentex Striped jack Pseudopleuronectis americanus Winter flounder Puntius gonionotus Puntius carp, silver barb Puntius javanicus Javanese carp, Java barb Pyraminontas virginica Algae

Rana catesbeiana Bullfrog Ranaperezi Frog Ratatoria Phylum of Rotifer Rhinicalanus Zooplankton Rhithropanoperus harrisii Mudcrab Rhodophyceae Class of seaweed Rhodophyta Unicellular micro-algae Rhodotorula aurantica Seaweed Rhodymeniales Class of seaweed 564 Handbook on ingredients for aquaculture feeds

Saccostrea commercialis Australian oyster Salmo gairdneri Rainbow trout Salmo salar Atlantic salmon Salmo trutta Brown trout, sea trout Salvelinus alpinus Arctic cohar Salvelinus fontinalis Brook trout Salvelinus namaycush Lake trout Sardina pilchardus Sardine, pilchard Sardinops melanostictus Sardine Sarotherodon au reus Blue tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron African Tilapia Sarotherodon mossambicus Mozambiqueian tilapia Sarotherodon niloticus Nile tilapia Sciaenidae spp. Croaker Sciaenops ocellatus Red drum Scomber spp. Mackerel Scomber japonicus Chub mackerel Scomber scombrus Atlantic mackerel Scomberomorus cavalla King mackerel Scophthalmus maximus Turbot Scorpoma ustulata Fish Mud crab Sebastes spp. Bream, redfish Sebastes marinus Redfish Sebastes thompsoni Rock fish Sebastes viviparus Redfish Seriola quinqueradiata Yellowtail Serratia liquefaciens Pathogenic bacteria Siganus canaliculatus Rabbitfish Siganus guttatus Rabbitfish Silurus glanis European catfish Simocephalus vetulus Cladocera Skeletonema costatum Diatom phytoplankton Solea solea Sole Solemya reidi Gutless bivalve Sparus aurata Gilthead seabream Spirulina sp. Diatoms Spratus spratus Sprat Squalidae Family of dogfish Squaliformes Order of shark Squalus acanthias Dogfish Sterolepsis gigas Sea bass Stizostedion vitreum Walleyes Stolephorus commersonii Anchovy (false) Sunneta scripta Clam List ofscientific names 565

Tapes spp. Short-necked clam Telescopium telescopium Pest snail in ponds Tenebrio Genus of meal worm Tenebrio molitor Mealworm Tetraselmis sp. Algae Thalassiosira pseudonana Cultured algae Thunnidae Family of tuna Thunnus spp. Tuna Thysandoessa inermis Krill species Tigriopus spp. Marine copepods TIlapia aurea Blue tilapia 1ilapia discolor Tilapia TIlapia mossambica Mozambique til apia 1ilapia nilotica (niloticus) Nile tilapia ilapia randalli Tropical cichlid 1ilapia zillii Tilapia Tinca tinca Tench Tracheata Sub-phylum of articulated Trachurus japonicus Horse mackerel Trachinotus carolinus Florida pompano Trichogaster leeri Pearl gourami Trichagaster pectoralis Siamese gourami Trisopterus esmarkii Norway pout Trisopterus luscus Pout Tubifex Freshwater oligochaete

Ulvales Order of green algae Undaria Brown kelp

Venerupis philippinarum Short-necked clam

Xiphophorus helleri Ornamental swordtail INDEX

Abalone (Baliotis discus), 428 Avocado oil, 415 Abalone (Baliotis tuberculata), 428 Abrasiveness, 471 Babassu, oil, 415 Acacia, 232 Bacillariophyta, 243 Acania, 244, 250, 252 Bacteria, 383 Acetes, 365, 367 Bacterial fermentation, 133 Acetic acid whey powder, 544 Baker's yeast, 157,218 Achatina spp, 379 Barley, 80 Acid fish silage, 198, 199 B-carotene, 236 Acid treated blood, 76 Betaine,406 Acid value, 55 Bile,60 Active or live yeast, 158, 169, 170 Bile acid, 60, 61 Active yeast culture, 169 Bile salts, 60 Acute toxicities in dogs, rats, mice, 144 Biogenic amines, 200 Aflatoxin, 98, 422, 481, 495 Biological proterties,144,145 African giant snail (Achatina fulica), 379 Biological value, 10, 89, 304, 399, 519, 520, 546 African night crawler, 511 Bivalves, 9 Algae, 383 Black gram (Phaseolus mungo), 338, 339 Algal astaxanthin,146,151,152 Bleaching earth, 65 Alkaline silage,199 Blood, 69, 70 Alkaloids, 487 Blood collection, 69 Alkane yeast,158,159, 160,161,163, 164, 165 Blood composition dried, fresh, 70 Allolobophora longa, 510,511 Blood meal, 74 Allylisothiocyanate, 465 Blood preservation, 70 Ammonia binding agent, 551 Blood worms (Glycera dibranchiata), 319 Ammoniac amines, 200 Blue disease, 145 Ampbipods, 245, 430 Blue mussel (Mytilus edulis), 314, 315, 317 Amylase inhibitor, 534 Bohemeria nivea, 267 fat, 44, 54, 55 Brachionus plicatilis, 243,245, 246, 247 Antinutritional substances, 417 Brain, 383 Antioxidants, 205 Bran,263,264,272,276,531 Antioxidative property, 386 Brewer's grains, 80 Anti-vitamins, 342, 462 Brewer's yeast, 149, 158 Apparent digestibility, 89, 101,164,184,194, Brine shrimp (Anemia salina), 244, 245, 246, 203,204,251,267,285,297,367,398,434, 356 460,464,479 Bristles, 322 Apparent protein digestibility, 405, 526 Broken back syndrome, 515, 516 Appetite stimulants, 374 Broken rice, 351, 353, 356, 357 Approved pigments, 154 Brown rice, 351 Aquatic animals, 4 Bulk density, 83 Arachis nut, 455 Argentine rape-seed (Brassica napus), 472 Cadaverine, 202 Arginine inhibitors, 495 Calanus, 244 Artemia, 244, 245, 246, 247, 537 Ca-L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate (AAP-Ca), 518 Arthropoda, 244 Candida, 172 Ascomycetes, 157 Candida utilis, 165 Aspergillus niger, 326 Canola meal, 472 Astaxanthin,142,144,146,147,148, 150,151 Cantaxanthin,142,145,146,147,148,149 Asteraceae, 498 Carbohydratres, 13 Autolysis,199 Carcass composition, 286 Autoxidation, 374 Carcass quality, 287 568

Carnivores, 5 wastes, 152, 153 Caroteneslcarotenoids, 142, 143, 144,145 Crustaceans,6,15 Cassava,200 Cryptococaceae, 172 Castor oil, 415 Cuttlefish, 403 Cataract, 235 Cyanogenic glycoside, 424 Calla-rohu hybrid, 375 Cyanogens, 342 Centropages, 244, 246 Cyclopropenoids, 453 Cephalopoda,403 Cereals, 169 Danish fish meal,178 Chaetoceros, 368 Daphnia, 244, 245, 250 Cheese loaf, 98 De-hulled rice, 352 Cheese rind, 98 Dehydrated fish solubles, 411, 453, 457, 458, Cheese scrap, 96 461,464,465,474,481,486,495 Chelated mineral, 310 Deleterious substances, 422,431,433,453,461, Chemoattractant properties, 185, 317, 367, 386, 462,464,465,474,475,478,531,553 406,511 Dendrodrilus subrubicundus meal, 511 Chick pea (Cicer arietinum), 338 De-oiled rice bran, 352 Chicken egg, 125 Dextrin, 266. 274. 276 Chinese nuts, 455 Detritus feeders, 5 Chitin, 201, 373, 367 Diatoms, 243 Chlorella, 250 Digestibile energy, 13,102, 135.162.170,183. Chlorophyta, 243 194.203.213,223,259,284.296.327,332. Cholesterol, 405 341.366.374.420,449,452.457.460,464. Choline, 390 469,470,474,480,484,485,495,526,534, Chromium content, 229 545,546, Chroococcus, 250 Digestibility offeed ingredients, 14, 82, 135, Cladocerans, 244 136,213,230,234,405.421,451,457,461, Clams, 8, 314 471,477,480,485,486.495,511,526,535, Clostridium perfringens, 299 546 Cocoa beanslberrieslpodslshells, 100, 101 Dinoglagellates, 243 Cocoa butter, 415 Dinophyta, 243 Coconut meal,446 Distillers dried grains, 115 Coconut oil, 419 Distillers dried solubles, 115 Cocoon, 372 Distillers feeds, 411 Collagen, 229 Distillery by-products, 115 Colza,472 Downfeathers, 131 Common field slug (Agriolimax meticulatus), Dried feed microbials, 169 379 Dry extrusion technology, 133 Congealing point, 54 Dry roasting, 445 Contaminants in mineral ingredients, 308, 309, Duck egg, 125 311 Contour feathers, 131 Earth nuts, 455 Copepods (Arcatia tonsa), 244, 356 Edible snails/meal, 379 Com, 262 Efficiency index of binders, 34, 35 Corpus luteum, 142 Egg powder, 125, 129 Cotton-seed meal, corticatedldecorticated, 450, Egg protein ratio, 128 454 Egg spray-dried, 127 Cotton-seed oil, 415, 422 Egg white proteins, 127 Cow pea (Vigna catiang, Vigna unguiculata), Egg yolk, 142 338,345 Eichhornia crassipes, 525 Crab meal, 109, 110, 111 Eiseniafoetida,509. 510, 511, 512 Crab protein concentrate, 109, 110,111 Endomycetaceae, 172 Cresole red dye-binding, 486 Endomycopsis fibuliger, 165 Crucifer oil, 415 Ensiling, 364 569

Enzyme inhibitors, 130 Lobster (Halifax), 389 Erucic acid, 431,474 Mollusc, 91,129,139,167,187,251,428,548 Escherichia coli, 171 Oyster, 150, 168,251,260,548,554 Essential amino acid index, 10 Snail (Hermissenda), 538 Essential amino acid profile, 12, 81, 87, 97, 106, Terrestrial animals, 554 118,128,133,134,160,170,181,184,201, Tubificid worms, 466 202,213,222,230,233,247,256,264,294, Zooplanktons (Brachionus plicatilis), 167 323,326,331,340,365,372,373,380,396, Fermentation factor, 411 398,405,412,448,451,456,460,464,470, Fermented silage, 199, 200, 202 473,477,479,483,494,510,532,543,544, Field bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), 338, 343, 344 545,553 Filoplume, 131 Estrogen, 487 Fish catch, 179 Eudrilus eugeniae, 510, 511,512 Fish extract, 411 Euphasia pacifica, 221 Fish liver oil, 281 Euphasia superba, 221 Fish meal, 177,178,179,199,180,181, 182, Euphasia, 221 411 Euphausiidae, 221 Fish meal analog, 136, 137 Faba bean (Viciafaba), 338, 343, 344 Fish oil, 281, 283 Fat composition, 105 Fish protein concentrate (hydrolysed), 192 Fat soluble, 20 Fish silage, 198, 199 Fatty acid groups, 18 Fish solubles, 211, 41 I Fatty acid profile, 44, 55, 417, 418 , 4, 14 Fatty acids, 100, 117, 128, 182, 193,201,223, Flax (Linum usitatissimum), 459 246,247,282,283,316,332,366,372,373, Flesh oils, 415, 416 385,405,409,510 Floral order, 241 Fatty acids, systematic and common name, 50 Flour, 263 Fatty liver syndrome, 21 Fluoresence test, 486 Faunal order, 241 Food attractants, 374 Feather meal (hydrolysed), 131 Formaldehyde tritration, 486 Feed conversion, 224, 225, 259, 323, 375 Freshwater fish, 18 Feed organisms, 241 Fungi,383 Feed yeast, 157 Feeding habit, 6 Galactomannan gums, 235 Feeding value in: Gastropod molluscs, 379 Abalone (Heliantis spp.), 270, 298, 492 "Gischt",157 Alligator (Alligator mississipiensis), 275 Gitogenin, 553 Crustaceans, 48, 51, 52, 68,75,91, 1J2, 120, Gliadin, 531 129,138,147,151,152,155,186,196,207, G1ucans, 218, 219 214,226,237,250,259,260,270,275,317, Gluco-brassicanapin,474 345,356,368,376,381,389,406,421,425, Gluconapin, 474 42~436,454,458,466,490,491,492,512, Glucose, 275 521,537,538,548 G1ucosinolates, 464, 465, 474 Fishes, 46, 51, 52, 53, 54, 62, 67,74,75,83,90, Gluten feed, 263, 270, 271,272, 276 98,102,106,119,129,13~146,150,163, Gluten meal, 263, 264, 265, 266, 270, 271,272, 164,171,185,195,205,219,224,230,235, 273,276 250,258,267,269,271, 273, 275, 286,297, Glutenin, 531 322,333,343,345,346,347,355,357,358, Glycerphospholipids,384 367,375,388,400,406,421,422,423,424, Glycine betaine concentration, 28 426,427,429,430,431,432,433,434, Glycine, 406 435,437,453,458,462,468,471,475,478, Glycoalkaloid, 327 481,488,489,490,495,496,511,519,527, Glycoside, 487 52~529,536,537,547,554 Goitrogens, 342 Frogs (Rana sp., Rana periZI), 492 Golden apple snail (Pomacea caniculata), 379 Live food organisms, 356 Gonyaulax catenella, 317 570

Gonyaulax tarensis, 317 L-ascorbic acid, 515 Goober peas, 455 L-ascorbic acid-2-sulphate (AAS), 518 Goose egg, 125 L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate (AAP), 518 Gossypol, 422, 453 L-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate (AAP), 518 GRAS, 173 Lathyrogens, 342 Green gram (Phaseolus aureus), 343 Leather meal (hydrolysed), 229 Grits, 263 Leather scrap (fleshings), 229 Gross energy, 102, 194, 203, 249, 266, 284, 296, Leather waste (trimmings), 229 31~327,332,341,355,374,381,420,452, Lecithin (crude de-oiled), 383,384,385,386 457,461,464,468,470,474,485,485,534, Lectins (phytohemagglutinins), 343, 487 546 Legume oil, 415 Ground nut expeller/meal, 455. 456 Leguminosae, 232, 338 Ground-nut oil, 415, 423 Lentils (Lens esculenta), 338, 346 Gymnodinium breve, 317 Leucaena leaf meal, 234 Leucaenaleucocephala,232 Haptophyta, 243 L-gulono-t-Iactone oxidase, 515 Harpacticoid copepod, 537 Limiting amino acids, 81 Heavy metal, 7,223,527 Linamarine, 461 Hecogenin, 553 Linatine, 461,462 Helianthus annuus, 493 Linseed expeller/meal, 459,460 Herbivores, 5, 185, 202 Linseed oil, 415,424 Histamine, 185, 202 Lipids, 16 Hominy, 264 Lipochromes, 143 Hops and dreg, 80 Live cell yeast culture, 169 Hydrogenated fish oil, 285 Live food, 241 Hydrolysed feather meal, 134 Live food organisms, 356 Hygenic aspects, 73 Live yeast feed, 169 Liver, 255 Illex illegebrosus, 404 Liver meal, 256 Immunostimulatory effect, 217 Liver residue, 411 Immunostimulatory substances, 217 Loligo pealeilLoliquinidae, 403, 404 Inactive or dead yeast, 158, 160, 162 Lucerne, 411 Inositol, 390 Lumbricus terrestis, 509, 510, 511 Invertebrates, 509 Lupins, 338, 344, 346, 346 Iodine value, 55, 419 Lutein, 234 Ipil-ipil,232 I sochrysis galbana, 251 Macrominerals, 23,24,302 Isothiocyanate, 465 Afacroramphosus scolapax, 207 Maize distillers dried grains, 116 Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), 338,346,347 Maize germ cake, 273, 276 Jet-sploding, 445 Maize oil, 263 Maize products, 262 Keratin, 322 Maize starch, 264, 268 Koa-haole, 232 Maize-germ oil, 415, 425 Krill meal, 22 I Malt, 80 Malvalic acid, 453 Labidocera, 244 Manilla nuts, 455 Lactic acid whey powder, 544 Marine fish, 18 Lactic yeast (Kluyveromycesjragilis), 158, 159, Marine oil, 281 160,161,165,166,167 Marine silage, 198 Lamtoro, 232 Markogenin, 553 Land snails (Helix spp), 379 Mass culture, 245 Lard, 50, 51 Matairesinol-B-glucoside, 478 Larval movement, 242 Mealworm, 509 571

Meat and bone meal, 291 OligocluJeta, 509 Meganyctiphanes norvegica, 226 Oligochaete worms, 245 Melting point, 17, 55, 285, 419 Olive by-productslcakelbagasse, 467 Mercenaria mercenaria, 319 Olive meal/pulp, 468 Metabolisable energy, 13, 102, 135,163,171, Olive oil, 415, 428 183,194,203,213,266,284,296,32~332, Omnivores, 5 341,355,381,420,449,451,457,460,468, Onmastrephidae, 403 470,474,477,480,484,485,495,534,546 Ornamental fish,154 Metal-binding factors, 342 Ostrich egg, 125 Mg-L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate (AAP-M),518 Ovoinhibitor, 128, 129, 130 Micro--crustacea, 241, 243 Ovomucoid, 129, 130 Micronisation, 445 Oxalates, 481 Milk,86 Oxalic acid salts, 527 Mill run, 531 Oxides, 308, 309 Mimosine, 232, 235 Oxidised oils, 204 Mineral content in Dosidicus gigas, 405 Oysters (Ostreidae), 8, 317 Mineral content, 82, 88, 97, 119,129,134,161, 162,170,182,194,201,213,234,24~257, Palm oil/palm kernel oil, 415, 429 265,295,316,322,327,332,340,354,366, Palm-kernel expeller/meal, 468, 469, 470 373,385,412,425,429,449,452,456,460, Paracalanus, 252 470,473,477,479,484,494,533,545 Pea (Pisum sativum), 338, 346 Mineral feed ingredients, 302 Peanuts, 455 Modiolus modiolus, 317 Pellet binder, 534 Moina, 250 Pellet quality, 471 Molasses absorption capacity, 83 Pelletising ability, 83,185, 343, 357, 487 Mold inhibitor, 199 Pelletising temperature, 517, 518, 519 Molluscs, 8, 16 Pepsin digestibility, 137 Monkey nuts, 455 Pereskia aculeata, 267 Montmorillonite, 65 Perna viridis, 317 Mulberry (Morus alba), 372 Peroxide value, 55 Mulberry silkworm (Bombyx morl), 372 Pesticide residues, 223 Mung bean (Vigna radiata, Vigna mungo), 338, Pesticides, 7 343 Pests in: Mussels (Mytilidae), 8, 314, 315 milkfish ponds (Telescopium telescopium), Mustard meal, 463, 464 379 Mustard oil, 415 ricefield (Ceritium tenellum), 379 Mytilus edulis, 317 PhajJia rhodo;;yma, 149 Phagostiumulatory substances, 28 Na-L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate (Na), 518 Phenolic compounds, 342 Na-L-ascorbyl-2-triphosphate (AAP-Na),518 Phosphatidylcholine, 383, 384 Naviculla, 250 Phosphatidylethanolamine,384 Nematodes, 245 Phosphatidylinositol, 384 Neogitogenin, 553 Phospholipids, sources, functions, 383,387,388 Nereis sp., 510, 512 Phosphorus, 390 Net protein utilisation, 10, 89, 251, 398 Phytates, 481 Nitrifying bacteria, 551 Phytoplanktons, 241, 242,243 Nitrogen cycle, 551 Pichia pastoris yeast, 172 Nitrogen fraction of milk, 87 Pig bristle meal (hydrolysed),322 Non-protein nitrogen, 202 Pigeon egg, 125 Nucleic acid, 164 Pigmented flesh, 144 Pigmenter, 367 Oil of colza, 431 Pindar,455 Oil-bearing seeds, 445 Pink flesh of salmonids, 142 Oithona, 252 Pink plumage, 142 572

Platymonas suecica, 251 Salmons, 154 Poaceae, 531 Samogenin, 553 Polar lipids, 384, 386 Saponification value, 55 Polish rape-seed (Brassica campestris), 472 Saponin, 235, 487 Potato juice, 325 Sarafloxacin, 426 Potato products - starch, protein, pulp, 325 Sarsasapogenin, 553 Potato protein, 325 Scallops (PectinidlJe), 8, 314, 315, 317 Poultry fat, 53 Scurvy, 515 Poultry by-products meal, 330, 331 Seed fats (solid and semi-solid), 418 PTecautions,84,I07,108,113,154,208,252, Seed oils, 415 319 Sericulture, 372 Preservatives, 199,201 Se"aton liquefaciens, 251 Preserved blood, 76 Sesame expeller/meal, 478 Procyanidins, 235 Sesame oil, 415, 433 Productive protein value, 10 Sesamin, 433 Progoitrin, 474 Sesamoline, 433 Protease inhibitor, 235, 342, 465, 495 Sesbania (Sesbania grandijlore), 338, 346, 347 Proteins, 9 Short-necked clam (Venerupis philippinarum), Protein efficiency ratio, 10, 251 314,318 Protein requirement, 10, 11, 12 Shrimp meal, 364, 365, 411 Protozoa, 245 Shrimp head meals/silage, 365 Putrescine, 202 Silkworm pupae meal, 372 Sinalbine, 465 Rana sp,245 Sinapine, 475 Rape,472 Sinigrine, 465 Rape-seed (Brassica spp.) expeller/meal, 472 Slip point, 430 Rape-seed meal, double low, 472 Sludge, 385 Rape-seed oil, 415, 431 Smilagenin, 553 Raps, 472 Snail,538 Ratatoria, 243 Sodium hydroxide treatment, 133 Red algae, 242 Solidification point, 419 Red drum, 538 Solvent extraction, 445 Red earthworm, 509 Soya lecithin, 383 Red exoskeleton, 142 Soya protein concentratelhydrolysate, 396, 397, Red tide, 243 398 Rendering,192,292 Soya protein products/isolate, 396, 397, 398, 399 Residual oil, 449, 459, 462 Soybean meal, 482 Rhinicalanus, 244 Soybean expeller/meal, 383, 396, 482, 484 Rice (Oryza sativa), 351 Soybean oil, 415, 434 Rice bran, 351, 352, 353, 354 Sphingophospholipids,384 Rice bran oil, 352, 432 Spirulina platensis, 250 Rice hulls, 351, 358 Spyrogira, 250 Rice, polished, 352 Squid meal, 403, 411 Rice pollard, 353 Squid liver meal, 404 Rock crab (Cancer irroratus), 109 Squid viscera fresh, 404 Rotifers, 243 Starch,263,264,276 Sterculic acid, 453 Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 158, 167, 169 Steroidal saponins, 553 Saccharomycetaceae, 172 Sterols, 433 Safflower expeller/meal, 476 Sterol content, 128 Safflower meal, corticatedldecorticated, 476, 477 Storage, 517,518,519 Safflower oil, 432 Sucrose, 275 Salmonella Sulphates, 308, 309 Salmonids, 146 Sunflower expeller/meal/seeds, 493 573

Sunflower oil, 415, 437 429,430,449,452,456,460,470,473,477, Sunnepta scripta, 317 479,480,484,494,533,545 Surfactants, 7 Vitamin interactions, 22 Vitamin toxicity, 24 Tallow, 44, 47 Volatile nitrogen, 200 Tannins, 235, 457, 475, 487, 495 Tapioca, 200 Water durability, 89 Taste bud, 27 Water flea, 244 Taurocholic acid, 61 Water hyacinth, 525 Tenebrio, 509 Wet process, 105, 179 Tetraselmis suecica, 251 Wet rendering, 330 Tetraselmis tetrahele, 252 Whale, 256 Thalassiosera pseudonana, 251 Wheat by-producUVberryfbnuVgerm,531, 532 Theobromine, 99 Wheat distillers dried grains, 116 Thiaminase enzyme, 204 Wheat germ agglutinin, 538 Thiaminase, 465 Wheat gluten, 531, 532 Torula yeast, 163 Wheat grain composition, 531, 532 Toxic algae, 317 Wheat middlings, 531 TOldcity, 120,227 Wheat pollard, 531, 532 Trace minerals 24, 308, 309 Wheat protein, 531, 532 Trassi-udang, 100 Whey, 543, 544 Trigriopus japonicus, 250 Whole egg 127, 128, 129 Trimethylamine, 200 Worm meal, 511 Triticum aestivum, 531 Wort, 80 Triticum vulgare, 531 Triticum, 531 Xanthophylls, 142, 143,234,235,381 True digestibility, 89, 398, 464, 479 Xeaxanthin, 234 Trypsin inhibitors, 343, 458, 486, 487 Tubifex, 245 Yeast, 162, 383 Turkey egg, 125 Yucca schidigera extract, 551 Tyramine, 202 Yucca schidigera plant, 552 Undesirable substances, 187 Unidentified growth factor (UGF), 119,120, 135, Zea mays, 262 164,204,214,258,381,406,411 Zeaxanthin, 145 Unpalatable factor, 381 Zooplanktons, 241, 243 Unsaturated fatty acids, 281,283 Urea nitrogen, 202 Urease activity, 486, 487 Urease, 487

Vegetable oils, 415 Velvet bean (Stizologium sp), 338 Vermi meal, 509 Vermiculture, 509 Vetch (Vicia sativa), 338 Vibrio anguilLarum, 251 Vibrio salmonicida, 251 Vitamins, 19, 96 Vitamin B. antagonist, 461 Vitamin C products (see also ascorbic acid), 515, 516,517,518,519 Vitamin content, 82, 88, 119,129,134,161,162, 170,183,194,201,213,234,248,257,265, 295,316,332,340,354,366,373,412,425,