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Max-Planck-Institut Für Astrophysik Annual Report 2004

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Max-Planck-Institut Für Astrophysik Annual Report 2004 Max-Planck-Institut fur¨ Astrophysik Annual Report 2004 Contents 1 General Information 3 1.1 A brief overview of the MPA . 3 1.2 Current MPA facilities . 3 1.3 2004 at the MPA . 5 1.4 How to reach us . 7 2 Scientific Highlights 9 2.1 Understanding the Planetary Nebulae Luminosity Function . 9 2.2 Looking into the heart of a supernova . 12 2.3 Short Gamma-Ray Bursts | New Models Shed Light on Enigmatic Explosions . 14 2.4 Low surface brightness photometry with the SDSS: galaxy haloes and intracluster light . 17 2.5 Accretion onto Black Holes in the Local Universe as Mapped by SDSS . 20 2.6 Following the formation of galaxies and the first quasars on a supercomputer . 21 2.7 Clumping of dust in protoplanetary disks . 25 2.8 A faint population of gamma-ray bursts . 28 2.9 Hard X-ray view of the past activity of Sgr A* in a natural Compton mirror . 28 3 Research Activities 32 3.1 Stellar Physics . 32 3.2 Nuclear and Neutrino Astrophysics . 35 3.3 Numerical Hydrodynamics . 37 3.4 High Energy Astrophysics . 39 3.5 Accretion . 42 3.6 Interaction of radiation with matter . 45 3.7 Galaxy evolution and the Intergalactic Medium . 46 3.8 Cosmic structure from z=0 to the Big Bang . 50 3.9 Gravitational lensing . 51 3.10 Cosmic Microwave Background Studies . 52 3.11 Quantum mechanics of atoms and molecules, astrochemistry . 53 4 Publications and Invited Talks 56 4.1 Publications in Journals . 56 4.1.1 Publications that appeared in 2004 . 56 4.1.2 Publications accepted in 2004 . 67 4.2 Publications in proceedings and monographs . 72 4.3 Publications in proceedings appeared in 2004 . 72 4.3.1 Publications available as electronic file only . 77 4.4 Popular articles and books . 78 4.5 Invited-, Colloquia- and Public talks . 79 4.5.1 Invited and review talks . 79 4.5.2 Colloquia talks . 81 4.5.3 Public talks . 82 5 Personnel 83 5.1 Scientific staff members . 83 1 5.2 Visiting scientists . 86 1 General Information 1.1 A brief overview of the MPA and include a wide range of data analysis activ- ities. Resources are channeled into specific areas The Max-Planck-Institut fur¨ Astrophysik, called where new instrumental or computational capabil- the MPA for short, was founded in 1958 under the ities are expected to lead to rapid developments. In directorship of Ludwig Biermann. It was first es- the MPA, the main areas of research include stel- tablished as an offshoot of the Max-Planck-Institut lar evolution, stellar atmospheres, accretion phe- fur¨ Physik, which at that time had just moved from nomena, nuclear and particle astrophysics, super- G¨ottingen to Munich. In 1979, after the headquar- nova physics, astrophysical fluid dynamics, high- ters of the European Southern Observatory relo- energy astrophysics, radiative processes, the struc- cated to Garching, Biermann's successor, Rudolf ture, formation and evolution of galaxies, gravi- Kippenhahn, moved the MPA to its current site. tational lensing, the large-scale structure of the The MPA became fully independent in 1991. Kip- Universe and physical cosmology. Several previ- penhahn retired shortly thereafter and this led to a ous research areas (solar and solar system physics, period of uncertainty, which ended in 1994 with the the quantum chemistry of astrophysical molecules, appointment of Simon White as director. The sub- General Relativity and gravitational wave astron- sequent appointments of Rashid Sunyaev (1995) omy) have been substantially reduced over the last and Wolfgang Hillebrandt (1997) as directors at decade. the institute, together with adoption of new set A number of different aspects of the MPA's of statutes in 1997, allowed the MPA to adopt a structure have historical origins. Its administra- system of collegial leadership by a Board of Di- tion (which is housed primarily in the MPA build- rectors. This structure has now been in place for ing) is shared with the neighboring, but substan- seven years: Simon White was the first Managing tially larger MPI fur¨ extraterrestrische Physik. Director, followed by Wolfgang Hillebrandt begin- The library in the MPA building also serves the two ning on January 2000. On January 1, 2003 Rashid institutes jointly. The MPA played an important Sunyaev took over this post. The Managing Di- role in founding the Max-Planck Society's Garch- rectorship will rotate every three years. The in- ing Computer Centre (the RZG; the principal su- stitute has three external Scientific Members: Rolf percomputing centre of the Society as a whole). Kudritzki, Riccardo Giacconi and Werner Tschar- As a result, 10 posts at the computing centre, in- nuter. cluding that of its director and several other senior The MPA was founded specifically as an insti- figures, are formally part of the MPA's staff ros- tute for theoretical astrophysics, intended to fos- ter. These posts are managed independently by ter development of basic theoretical concepts and the computing centre and by its governing bodies effective numerical methods to master the chal- in consultation with the MPA. This arrangement lenges of stellar constitution and evolution, inter- has worked well and as a result a close working re- stellar media, their hydrodynamics and magnetic lationship is maintained between the MPA and the fields, hot plasmas, energetic particles, their or- RZG. bits, and the calculation of transition probabili- ties and cross{sections important for astrophysi- cal processes, especially in rarified media. These 1.2 Current MPA facilities efforts led to manifold international cooperation and in later years also complemented the obser- Library vational and instrumental activities carried out in other Max-Planck institutes. The library is a shared facility of the MPA and The MPA also has an internationally-recognized the MPE. The fact that it has to serve the needs numerical astrophysics program that is unparal- of two institutes with differing research emphases leled by any other institution of similar size. In { predominantly theoretical astrophysics at MPA recent years, activities at the MPA have diversified and observational/instrumental astrophysics at the 3 4 1. General Information MPE { explains its size. At present the library Computational facilities holds about 20000 books and conference proceed- ings, as well as reports, observatory publications Because of the heavy emphasis on numerical astro- and preprints, and it holds subscriptions for about physics at MPA, the provision of suitable comput- 250 journals. The current holdings occupy about ers and network connections is a critical element in 1900 meters of shelf space. In addition the library achieving the institute's scientific goals. In practice maintains a pre{ and reprint archive of MPA and computing needs are satisfied by providing both ex- MPE publications, two slide collections (one for tensive in-house computer power and access to the MPA and one for the MPE) and keeps copies of supercomputers and the mass storage facilities at the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey (on photo- RZG. graphic prints) and of the ESO/SERC Sky Survey The design, usage and development of the MPA (on film). computer system is organized by the Computer Ex- ecutive Committee in close consultation with the The MPA/MPE library catalogue includes system administrators. This group also evaluates books, conference proceedings, periodicals, doc- user requests concerning resources or system struc- toral dissertations, and habilitation theses. This ture. In addition it meets RZG representatives catalogue and the catalogues of other MPI libraries on a bi-monthly basis to discuss issues concerning on the Garching campus and elsewhere are acces- MPA's requirements at the RZG. The RZG and sible online via the internet from the library and MPA try to coordinate their development plans to from every office terminal or PC. Internet access to ensure continuity in the working environment ex- other bibliographical services, including electronic perienced by the users. Furthermore, MPA par- journals and the SCI, is also provided. ticipates actively in discussions of potential major investments at the RZG. Common hardware ac- To serve the librarians' and users' needs the li- quisitions by the two institutions are not unusual. brary has access to several copy machines, and is Presently, MPA has one IBM Power4 multiproces- equipped with a microfiche reader/printer, 2 X- sor computer and one IBM blade center housed at terminals, 4 PCs, 2 laser printers and a fax ma- RZG. In late 2004 a 64-bit OPTERON-cluster with chine. 16 2.4 GHz processors and 32 GB of memory will be added to satisfy increasing needs for cheap, but Due to exploding costs introduced by most pub- effective CPU-resources for mid-range computing. lishing houses, subscriptions of several journals had The MPA-computer centre consists of 8 powerful to be cancelled over the last few years. In order workstations (IBM, SUN, and INTEL-based PCs) to cope with this continuing cost problem in the providing computer resources both for interactive future, the general administration (GV - Gener- work (text processing, electronic communication, alverwaltung) has started some time ago the \elib - program development, data visualization) and for project"(electronic library project). In this scheme small to intermediate-scale numerical applications. the GV keeps campus licenses for online electron- In preparation of the above-mentioned new 16- ically accessible journals whereas individual insti- processor OPTERON system, one two-way and tutes subscribe only print copies for selected jour- one four-way OPTERON computer server have re- nals at a reduced price. The online journals are cently been added to the central installations and accessible via the institute's library homepages. are already in use. All users have free access to all resources. One full-time and three part-time Another activity launched lately by the GV is system administrators are responsible for the fa- the \Edoc" system in which all institute publica- cilities; users have no administrative privileges or tions (MPA and MPE) are archived electronically duties.
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