A Study in Hans Urs Von Balthasar's Theology of the Saints
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Durham E-Theses THE GROUNDING OF THE AUTHORITY OF THE SAINTS: A STUDY IN HANS URS VON BALTHASAR'S THEOLOGY OF THE SAINTS DIMECH, PAOLA,PAULINE How to cite: DIMECH, PAOLA,PAULINE (2015) THE GROUNDING OF THE AUTHORITY OF THE SAINTS: A STUDY IN HANS URS VON BALTHASAR'S THEOLOGY OF THE SAINTS , Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11050/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 THE GROUNDING OF THE AUTHORITY OF THE SAINTS: A STUDY IN HANS URS VON BALTHASAR’S THEOLOGY OF THE SAINTS By Pauline Dimech ABSTRACT The authority of the saints is, in a sense, presupposed by the tradition, and yet, formulating this presupposition proves to be awkward. This dissertation is an exploration into the nature, the grounding and the limits of the authority of the saints, with reference to the theology of the saints in the work of Hans urs von Balthasar. My argument is that, in his use of the saints, Balthasar does not merely interpret the saints as a resource for theologians and for the Magisterium. For Balthasar, theology and the Magisterium are there to serve the saints, since the saints are the real witnesses whose testimony requires dynamic paraphrase and vigorous rendition. My argument will be that Balthasar wants to avoid the theory of multiple teaching offices, but that – while avoiding the theory of multiple offices – also attributes to the saints an authority that is analogical to that of the Magisterium. Balthasar uses the saints, not only to teach other theologians but also to teach the official Magisterium, thus handling the saints as if they were themselves a Magisterium. Four dimensions – the existential, the epistemological, the pneumatological and the ecclesiological – are identified and used to elucidate the nature, the grounding and the function of the authority of the saints. It will be argued that authority of the saints is grounded within each one of these dimensions and that these are the dimensions within which the saints function authoritatively. I will defend my own construal of Balthasar, argue for the credibility of Balthasar’s defence of the authority of the saints, as well as, locate and criticise some of the contradictions that are found in Balthasar in this regard, and identify some of the consequences of Balthasar’s position concerning the authority of the saints, for his own theology, for theology in general, and for the Church. ii THE GROUNDING OF THE AUTHORITY OF THE SAINTS: A STUDY IN HANS URS VON BALTHASAR’S THEOLOGY OF THE SAINTS Pauline Dimech A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Theology Durham University Department of Theology and Religion 2014 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS PRELIMINARY PAGES Abstract Title Page Table of Contents iii List of Abbreviations vi List of Diagrams viii Statement of Copyright ix Acknowledgements x Motivational Quote xi CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM OF SAINTLY AUTHORITY Introduction 1 The Saints and Hagiography 3 Which saints? 7 The Function of the Saints in Balthasar’s Theology 18 The Function of the Saints in Theology 30 The Ecclesial Function of the Saints 31 The Authority of the Saints 34 Authority and Power 39 Conclusion 48 CHAPTER 2: THEOLOGICAL INSIGHTS Introduction 51 Balthasarian Scholarship 52 Saints and Holiness 67 Adrienne von Speyr 77 The Communion of Saints 80 The Authority of Interpretation 82 Authority within the Church 84 Conclusion 87 iv CHAPTER 3: THE EXISTENTIAL DIMENSION Introduction 89 Existence as Theological 90 The Created vs. the Uncreated Order 99 The Features of the Saints’ Life that Makes the Saints Expressive of God’s Form 103 a. The Transcendentals 104 b. The Reclamation of Existence 106 c. Entrenchment in the World 110 d. Surrender 116 The Authority that Comes from Participation 121 Conclusion 123 CHAPTER 4: THE EPISTEMOLOGICAL DIMENSION Introduction 125 The authority that comes from faith 126 The authority that comes from knowledge 130 The authority that comes from love 140 The authority that comes from experience 143 a. The experience of contemplation 148 b. Archetypal experience 151 c. Mystical experience 157 Conclusion 163 CHAPTER 5: THE PNEUMATOLOGICAL DIMENSION Introduction 165 The Authority that comes from the Spirit 166 The Authority of the Scriptures and its Interpreters 168 The Authority of History 178 The Authority that comes from one’s Mission 184 The Authority that comes from the Call 187 The Authority that comes from Charisms 189 The Authority of the Internal Magisterium 192 v The Authority of Canonization 196 Conclusion 198 CHAPTER 6: THE ECCLESIOLOGICAL DIMENSION Introduction 200 The Authority that comes from Ecclesial Holiness 202 The Authority that comes from Office 208 The Authority of the Priestly Office 212 The Authority of the Episcopate 215 The Authority of the Petrine Office 217 The Authority that comes from Subjective Holiness 223 Office and Charism 225 The Authority of the External Magisterium 228 The Theologian and the Authority of Rome 235 Conclusion 237 GENERAL CONCLUSION Résumé 240 Critique 1 243 Critique 2 251 Final Remarks 257 BIBLIOGRAPHY 261 vi ABBREVIATIONS C Convergences: To the Source of the Christian Mystery CL Cosmic liturgy CS Creator Spiritus: Explorations in Theology III, CSL The Christian State of Life DWH Dare we Hope “That All Men be Saved?” E Elucidations EG Engagement with God: The Drama of Christian Discipleship FG First Glance at Adrienne von Speyr LA Love Alone MH Man in History: A Theological Study MP Mysterium Paschale: The Mystery of Easter MWIR My Work in Retrospect NE New Elucidations OP The Office of Peter P Prayer PT: Presence and Thought SW: Spouse of the Word: Explorations in Theology II TA1 The Glory of the Lord: A Theological Aesthetics, Vol 1, Seeing the Form TA2 The Glory of the Lord: A Theological Aesthetics, Vol 2 Studies in Theological Style: Clerical Styles TA3 The Glory of the Lord: A Theological Aesthetics, Vol 3 Studies in Theological Style: Lay Styles TA5 The Glory of the Lord: A Theological Aesthetics, Vol 5 vii The Realm of Metaphysics in the Modern Age TA7 The Glory of the Lord: A Theological Aesthetics, Vol. 7: Theology: The New Covenant TD2 Theo-Drama: Theological Dramatic Theory, II: Dramatis Personae: Man in God TD3 Theo-Drama: Theological Dramatic Theory, III, The Dramatis Personae: The Person in Christ TD5 Theo-Drama: Theological Dramatic Theory, V TE Test everything: Hold Fast to what is Good. An Interview with Hans Urs von Balthasar by Angelo Scola TH A Theology of History THL The Theology of Henri de Lubac: An Overview TKB The Theology of Karl Barth TL2 Theo-Logic: Theological Logical Theory, II, Truth of God TL3 Theo-Logic: Theological Logical Theory, III, The Spirit of Truth TS Two Sisters in the Spirit. Thérèse of Lisieux & Elizabeth of the Trinity TSA Truth is Symphonic: Aspects of Christian Pluralism WF The Word Made Flesh: Explorations in Theology I viii LIST OF DIAGRAMS The Communio Sanctorum 12 Experience 144 Mysticism 158 The Teaching Authority of the Church 169 The Marian Church 201 Offices within the Church 208 Office and Charism 225 The Charismatic Dimension 226 Petrine Office and Marian Holiness 228 The Baptized and the saints 262 ix STATEMENT OF COPYRIGHT The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without the author's prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. No part of this thesis has previously been submitted by me for a degree in this or in any other University. Material from the work of others has been acknowledged and quotations and paraphrases suitably indicated. x ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first of all like to thank Prof Mark Allen McIntosh and Prof Paul Murray who acted as Supervisors for my work. My relationship with them has been a great example. They gave me the right balance of guidance and demands, allowing me to venture as an independent Researcher while giving me support and feedback. I would also like to thank the Administration at the Junior College for providing me with one day off work per week, which was certainly not enough, but which was helpful. But there were various friends and colleagues at the Junior College whose support I appreciated. My Head of Department, Fr Jose Debono, and my colleagues Dr Emanuel Buttigieg and Mrs Claudine Borg deserve particular mention. I would also like to thank my friends and ‘mentors’ Fr Joe Inguanez, Fr Isidore Bonabom S.J. and Fr Arthur Vella S.J. who encouraged me to take up this venture and who guided me in more ways than one during the years of my study. I am also grateful to Fr Louis Caruana S.J. and to Fr Charles Delia S.J. for reading parts of this dissertation. The members of the Society of Christian Doctrine and of the Inter-Diocesan Theological Commission have also accompanied me during these years.