DOCSLIB.ORG

Gemini (Constellation)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Gemini (constellation) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the astronomical constellation. For the astrological sign, see Gemini (astrology). Gemini Constellation List of stars in Gemini Abbreviation Gem Genitive Geminorum /ˈdʒɛmɨnaɪ/, genitive /ˈ Pronunciation dʒɛmɨˈnɒrəm/ Symbolism the Twins, Castor & Pollux Right ascension 7 h Declination +20° Quadrant NQ2 Area 514 sq. deg. (30th) Main stars 8, 17 Bayer/Flamsteed 80 stars Stars with planets 7 Stars brighter than 4 3.00m Stars within 10.00 pc 4 (32.62 ly) Brightest star Pollux (β Gem) (1.15m) Gliese 251 Nearest star (17.99 ly, 5.52 pc) Messier objects 1 Geminids Meteor showers Rho Geminids Lynx Auriga Taurus Bordering Orion constellations Monoceros Canis Minor Cancer Visible at latitudes between +90° and −60°. Best visible at 21:00 (9 p.m.) during the month of February. Gemini is one of the constellations of the zodiac. Its name is Latin for "twins", and it is associated with the twins Castor and Pollux in Greek mythology. Its symbol is (Unicode ♊). It lies between Taurus to the west and Cancer to the east, with Auriga and Lynx to the north and Monoceros and Canis Minor to the south. Contents [hide] 1 Location 2 Notable features o 2.1 Stars o 2.2 Deep sky objects 3 Visualizations 4 Mythology o 4.1 Astrology 5 Gemini as the name 6 See also 7 References 8 External links [edit] Location The constellation Gemini as it can be seen with the naked eye, with added connecting lines. In October and November Gemini will appear along the eastern horizon in the morning sky prior to sunrise. The best time to observe Gemini at night is overhead during the months of January and February. By April and May, the constellation will be visible soon after sunset in the west. The easiest way to locate the constellation is to find its two brightest stars Castor and Pollux eastward from the familiar “V” shaped asterism of Taurus and the three stars of Orion’s belt. Another way is to mentally draw a line from the Pleiades star cluster located in Taurus and the brightest star in Leo, Regulus. In doing so, you are drawing an imaginary line that is relatively close to the ecliptic, a line which intersects Gemini roughly at the midpoint of the constellation, just below Castor and Pollux. (The broken red line {- - - -} in the constellation map is a graphic representation of the ecliptic.) [edit] Notable features [edit] Stars The brightest stars in Gemini are Castor and Pollux. Although Castor has the Bayer designation Alpha, it is actually the second brightest in the constellation after Pollux. Castor is a sextuple star system; Pollux has an extrasolar planet revolving around it, as do two other stars, HD 50554, and HD 59686. Another noteworthy star is Mekbuda (ζ Gem), a supergiant with a radius that is 60 times solar, making it approximately is 220,000 times the size of the Sun. [edit] Deep sky objects Given that Gemini is pointing away from the Milky Way, there are comparatively few deep sky objects of note — the Eskimo Nebula and Medusa Nebula, Messier object M35 and Geminga being the ones that attract the most attention. The Eskimo and Medusa nebulae are both planetary nebulae, the one approximately 2,870 light years away and the other 1,500 light years distant. M35 is an open star cluster which was discovered in the year 1745 by Swiss astronomer Philippe Loys de Chéseaux. And Geminga is a neutron star approximately 550 light years from Earth. Other objects of note are NGC 2129, NGC 2158, NGC 2266, NGC 2331, NGC 2355, and NGC 2395. [edit] Visualizations Diagram of H.A. Rey's alternative way to connect the stars of the constellation Gemini. A pair of twins are shown holding hands. Gemini is dominated by Castor and Pollux, two bright stars that appear relatively close together, encouraging the mythological link between the constellation and twinship. The twin to the right is Castor, whose brightest star is α Geminorum (more commonly called Castor); it is a second magnitude star and represents Castor's head. The twin to the left is Pollux, whose brightest star is β Geminorum (more commonly called Pollux); it is of the first magnitude and represents Pollux's head. Furthermore, the other stars can be visualized as two parallel lines descending from the two main stars, making it look like two figures. H.A. Rey has suggested an alternative to the traditional visualization that connected the stars of Gemini to show a pair of twins holding hands. Pollux's torso is represented by star υ Geminorum, Pollux's right hand by ι Geminorum, Pollux's left hand by κ Geminorum: all three of these stars are of the fourth magnitude. Pollux's pelvis is represented by star δ Geminorum, Pollux's right knee by ζ Geminorum, Pollux's right foot by γ Geminorum, Pollux's left knee by λ Geminorum, and Pollux's left foot by ξ Geminorum. Gamma Geminorum is of the second magnitude, while Delta and Xi Geminorum are of the third magnitude. Castor's torso is represented by the star τ Geminorum, Castor's left hand by ι Geminorum (which he shares with Pollux), Castor's right hand by θ Geminorum: all three of these stars are of the fourth magnitude. Castor's pelvis is represented by the star ε Geminorum, Castor's left foot by ν Geminorum, and Castor's right foot by μ Geminorum and η Geminorum: ε, μ, and η Geminorum are of the third magnitude. The brightest star in this constelation is Pollux. [edit] Mythology Gemini as depicted in Urania's Mirror, a set of constellation cards published in London c.1825. Gemini was associated with the myth of Castor and Pollux, collectively known as the Dioscuri. One myth of these twins concerns cattle theft, and may be connected to earlier myths that described the Milky Way as a herd of dairy cows.[citation needed] On star maps, the twins are usually viewed as leaning away from the Milky Way, but are sometimes depicted with one of the twins residing in the Milky Way, and the other outside it, a situation making it appear that one of the twins is stealing the cattle, and the other is observing.[citation needed] Along with the other features of the area in the Zodiac sign of Gemini (i.e. Orion, Auriga, and Canis Major), this may be the origin of the myth of the cattle of Geryon, which forms one of The Twelve Labours of Heracles.[original research?] When Castor died because he was mortal, Pollux begged his father Zeus to give Castor immortality and he did, by uniting them together in the heavens. In Babylonian astronomy these stars are known as the Great Twins (MUL.MASH.TAB.BA.GAL.GAL). The Babylonian Twins were regarded as minor gods and were called Meshlamtaea and Lugalirra, meaning respectively 'The One who has arisen from the Underworld' and the 'Mighty King'. Both names can be understood as titles of Nergal, the major Babylonian god of plague and pestilence who was king of the Underworld.[1] In Chinese astronomy, constellation Gemini were divided in two areas. The areas are: The White Tiger of the West (西方白虎, Xī Fāng Bái Hǔ) The Vermillion Bird of the South (南方朱雀, Nán Fāng Zhū Què) [edit] Astrology Main article: Gemini (astrology) As of 2008, the Sun appears in the constellation Gemini from June 20 to July 20. In tropical astrology, the Sun is considered to be in the sign Gemini from May 21 to June 20, and in sidereal astrology, from June 16 to July 15. [edit] Gemini as the name USS Gemini (AP-75) and USS Gemini (PHM-6), both of United States navy ships. From : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemini_%28constellation%29 .
Recommended publications
  • Visual Astronomy Filter Research

    Visual Astronomy Filter Research

    Visual Astronomy Filter Research by Jim Thompson, P.Eng May 2010 Table of Contents: 1.0 The Great Filter Filibuster ...................................................................................... 3 2.0 The Human Eye...................................................................................................... 5 3.0 Planetary (Colour) Filter Research ......................................................................... 7 4.0 Using Planetary (Colour) Filters........................................................................... 12 5.0 Deep-Sky (Band Pass) Filter Research................................................................. 21 6.0 Using Deep-Sky (Band Pass) Filters..................................................................... 25 7.0 References............................................................................................................. 33 Appendix A – Colour Filter Plots ..................................................................................... 36 Appendix B – Deepsky Filter Plots .................................................................................. 43 List of Figures: Figure 1 An assortment of planetary (colour) filters ...................................................... 3 Figure 2 An example of deep-sky (band-pass) filters..................................................... 4 Figure 3 Human Eye Rod & Cone Density Distribution ................................................ 5 Figure 4 Human Eye Spectral Sensitivity......................................................................
  • Aquarius Aries Pisces Taurus

    Aquarius Aries Pisces Taurus

    Zodiac Constellation Cards Aquarius Pisces January 21 – February 20 – February 19 March 20 Aries Taurus March 21 – April 21 – April 20 May 21 Zodiac Constellation Cards Gemini Cancer May 22 – June 22 – June 21 July 22 Leo Virgo July 23 – August 23 – August 22 September 23 Zodiac Constellation Cards Libra Scorpio September 24 – October 23 – October 22 November 22 Sagittarius Capricorn November 23 – December 23 – December 22 January 20 Zodiac Constellations There are 12 zodiac constellations that form a belt around the earth. This belt is considered special because it is where the sun, the moon, and the planets all move. The word zodiac means “circle of figures” or “circle of life”. As the earth revolves around the sun, different parts of the sky become visible. Each month, one of the 12 constellations show up above the horizon in the east and disappears below the horizon in the west. If you are born under a particular sign, the constellation it is named for can’t be seen at night. Instead, the sun is passing through it around that time of year making it a daytime constellation that you can’t see! Aquarius Aries Cancer Capricorn Gemini Leo January 21 – March 21 – June 22 – December 23 – May 22 – July 23 – February 19 April 20 July 22 January 20 June 21 August 22 Libra Pisces Sagittarius Scorpio Taurus Virgo September 24 – February 20 – November 23 – October 23 – April 21 – August 23 – October 22 March 20 December 22 November 22 May 21 September 23 1. Why is the belt that the constellations form around the earth special? 2.
  • Newpointe-Catalog

    Newpointe-Catalog

    NewPointe® Constellation Collections More value from Batesville Constellation Collections 18 Gauge Steel Caskets Leo Collection Leo Brushed Black Silver velvet interior Leo Brushed Black shown with Praying Hands decorative kit. 257178 - half couch Choose from 11 designs. 262411 - full couch See page 15 for your options. • Includes decorative kit option for lid Leo Painted Silver Silver velvet interior 257172 - half couch 262415 - full couch • Includes decorative kit option for lid Leo Brushed Ruby Leo Brushed Blue Leo Painted Sand Leo Painted White Moss Pink velvet interior Light Blue velvet interior Champagne velvet interior Moss Pink velvet interior 257177 - half couch 257179 - half couch 257173 - half couch 257166 - half couch 262410 - full couch 262412 - full couch 262416 - full couch 262414 - full couch • Includes decorative kit option • Includes decorative kit option • Includes decorative kit option • Includes decorative kit option for lid for lid for lid for lid 2 All caskets not available in all locations. Please check to ensure availability in your area. 18 Gauge Steel Caskets Virgo Collection Virgo White/Pink Moss Pink crepe interior| $845 250673 - half couch Virgo White/Pink shown with Roses 254258 - full couch decorative kit and corner decals. Choose from 11 designs. • Includes decorative kit option See page 15 for your options. for lid and corner decals Virgo Blue Light Blue crepe interior 250658 - half couch 254255 - full couch • Includes decorative kit option for lid and corner decals Virgo Silver Virgo White Virgo Copper
  • Filter Performance Comparisons for Some Common Nebulae

    Filter Performance Comparisons for Some Common Nebulae

    Filter Performance Comparisons For Some Common Nebulae By Dave Knisely Light Pollution and various “nebula” filters have been around since the late 1970’s, and amateurs have been using them ever since to bring out detail (and even some objects) which were difficult to impossible to see before in modest apertures. When I started using them in the early 1980’s, specific information about which filter might work on a given object (or even whether certain filters were useful at all) was often hard to come by. Even those accounts that were available often had incomplete or inaccurate information. Getting some observational experience with the Lumicon line of filters helped, but there were still some unanswered questions. I wondered how the various filters would rank on- average against each other for a large number of objects, and whether there was a “best overall” filter. In particular, I also wondered if the much-maligned H-Beta filter was useful on more objects than the two or three targets most often mentioned in publications. In the summer of 1999, I decided to begin some more comprehensive observations to try and answer these questions and determine how to best use these filters overall. I formulated a basic survey covering a moderate number of emission and planetary nebulae to obtain some statistics on filter performance to try to address the following questions: 1. How do the various filter types compare as to what (on average) they show on a given nebula? 2. Is there one overall “best” nebula filter which will work on the largest number of objects? 3.
  • Summer Constellations

    Summer Constellations

    Night Sky 101: Summer Constellations The Summer Triangle Photo Credit: Smoky Mountain Astronomical Society The Summer Triangle is made up of three bright stars—Altair, in the constellation Aquila (the eagle), Deneb in Cygnus (the swan), and Vega Lyra (the lyre, or harp). Also called “The Northern Cross” or “The Backbone of the Milky Way,” Cygnus is a horizontal cross of five bright stars. In very dark skies, Cygnus helps viewers find the Milky Way. Albireo, the last star in Cygnus’s tail, is actually made up of two stars (a binary star). The separate stars can be seen with a 30 power telescope. The Ring Nebula, part of the constellation Lyra, can also be seen with this magnification. In Japanese mythology, Vega, the celestial princess and goddess, fell in love Altair. Her father did not approve of Altair, since he was a mortal. They were forbidden from seeing each other. The two lovers were placed in the sky, where they were separated by the Celestial River, repre- sented by the Milky Way. According to the legend, once a year, a bridge of magpies form, rep- resented by Cygnus, to reunite the lovers. Photo credit: Unknown Scorpius Also called Scorpio, Scorpius is one of the 12 Zodiac constellations, which are used in reading horoscopes. Scorpius represents those born during October 23 to November 21. Scorpio is easy to spot in the summer sky. It is made up of a long string bright stars, which are visible in most lights, especially Antares, because of its distinctly red color. Antares is about 850 times bigger than our sun and is a red giant.
  • Nitrogen Abundances in Planet-Harbouring Stars

    Nitrogen Abundances in Planet-Harbouring Stars

    A&A 418, 703–715 (2004) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20035717 & c ESO 2004 Astrophysics Nitrogen abundances in planet-harbouring stars A. Ecuvillon1, G. Israelian1,N.C.Santos2,3, M. Mayor3,R.J.Garc´ıa L´opez1,4, and S. Randich5 1 Instituto de Astrof´ısica de Canarias, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain 2 Centro de Astronomia e Astrofisica de Universidade de Lisboa, Observatorio Astronomico de Lisboa, Tapada de Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal 3 Observatoire de Gen`eve, 51 ch. des Maillettes, 1290 Sauverny, Switzerland 4 Departamento de Astrof´ısica, Universidad de La Laguna, Av. Astrof´ısico Francisco S´anchez s/n, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain 5 INAF/Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy Received 20 November 2003 / Accepted 4 February 2004 Abstract. We present a detailed spectroscopic analysis of nitrogen abundances in 91 solar-type stars, 66 with and 25 without known planetary mass companions. All comparison sample stars and 28 planet hosts were analysed by spectral synthesis of the near-UV NH band at 3360 Å observed at high resolution with the VLT/UVES, while the near-IR N 7468 Å was measured in 31 objects. These two abundance indicators are in good agreement. We found that nitrogen abundance scales with that of iron in the metallicity range −0.6 < [Fe/H] < +0.4 with the slope 1.08 ± 0.05. Our results show that the bulk of nitrogen production at high metallicities was coupled with iron. We found that the nitrogen abundance distribution in stars with exoplanets is the high [Fe/H] extension of the curve traced by the comparison sample of stars with no known planets.
  • Introduction to Astronomy from Darkness to Blazing Glory

    Introduction to Astronomy from Darkness to Blazing Glory

    Introduction to Astronomy From Darkness to Blazing Glory Published by JAS Educational Publications Copyright Pending 2010 JAS Educational Publications All rights reserved. Including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Second Edition Author: Jeffrey Wright Scott Photographs and Diagrams: Credit NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USGS, NOAA, Aames Research Center JAS Educational Publications 2601 Oakdale Road, H2 P.O. Box 197 Modesto California 95355 1-888-586-6252 Website: http://.Introastro.com Printing by Minuteman Press, Berkley, California ISBN 978-0-9827200-0-4 1 Introduction to Astronomy From Darkness to Blazing Glory The moon Titan is in the forefront with the moon Tethys behind it. These are two of many of Saturn’s moons Credit: Cassini Imaging Team, ISS, JPL, ESA, NASA 2 Introduction to Astronomy Contents in Brief Chapter 1: Astronomy Basics: Pages 1 – 6 Workbook Pages 1 - 2 Chapter 2: Time: Pages 7 - 10 Workbook Pages 3 - 4 Chapter 3: Solar System Overview: Pages 11 - 14 Workbook Pages 5 - 8 Chapter 4: Our Sun: Pages 15 - 20 Workbook Pages 9 - 16 Chapter 5: The Terrestrial Planets: Page 21 - 39 Workbook Pages 17 - 36 Mercury: Pages 22 - 23 Venus: Pages 24 - 25 Earth: Pages 25 - 34 Mars: Pages 34 - 39 Chapter 6: Outer, Dwarf and Exoplanets Pages: 41-54 Workbook Pages 37 - 48 Jupiter: Pages 41 - 42 Saturn: Pages 42 - 44 Uranus: Pages 44 - 45 Neptune: Pages 45 - 46 Dwarf Planets, Plutoids and Exoplanets: Pages 47 -54 3 Chapter 7: The Moons: Pages: 55 - 66 Workbook Pages 49 - 56 Chapter 8: Rocks and Ice:
  • Naming the Extrasolar Planets

    Naming the Extrasolar Planets

    Naming the extrasolar planets W. Lyra Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, K¨onigstuhl 17, 69177, Heidelberg, Germany [email protected] Abstract and OGLE-TR-182 b, which does not help educators convey the message that these planets are quite similar to Jupiter. Extrasolar planets are not named and are referred to only In stark contrast, the sentence“planet Apollo is a gas giant by their assigned scientific designation. The reason given like Jupiter” is heavily - yet invisibly - coated with Coper- by the IAU to not name the planets is that it is consid- nicanism. ered impractical as planets are expected to be common. I One reason given by the IAU for not considering naming advance some reasons as to why this logic is flawed, and sug- the extrasolar planets is that it is a task deemed impractical. gest names for the 403 extrasolar planet candidates known One source is quoted as having said “if planets are found to as of Oct 2009. The names follow a scheme of association occur very frequently in the Universe, a system of individual with the constellation that the host star pertains to, and names for planets might well rapidly be found equally im- therefore are mostly drawn from Roman-Greek mythology. practicable as it is for stars, as planet discoveries progress.” Other mythologies may also be used given that a suitable 1. This leads to a second argument. It is indeed impractical association is established. to name all stars. But some stars are named nonetheless. In fact, all other classes of astronomical bodies are named.
  • Platform-Independent Mobile Robot Communication

    Platform-Independent Mobile Robot Communication

    Philipp A. Baer Platform-Independent Development of Robot Communication Software kassel university press This work has been accepted by the faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science of the University of Kassel as a thesis for acquiring the academic degree of Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften (Dr.-Ing.). Advisers: Prof. Dr. Kurt Geihs Prof. Dr. Gerhard K. Kraetzschmar Additional Doctoral Committee Members: Prof. Dr. Albert Zündorf Prof. Dr. Klaus David Defense day: 04th December 2008 Bibliographic information published by Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. Zugl.: Kassel, Univ., Diss. 2008 ISBN print: 978-3-89958-644-2 ISBN online: 978-3-89958-645-9 URN: urn:nbn:de:0002-6453 © 2008, kassel university press GmbH, Kassel www.upress.uni-kassel.de Printed by: Unidruckerei, University of Kassel Printed in Germany Für Mutti und Mama. Mutti, du bleibst unvergessen. * 29. September 1923 = 14. Oktober 2008 Contents List of Figuresv List of Tables vii Abstract ix I Introduction1 1 Introduction3 1.1 Motivation.........................................4 1.1.1 Software Structure................................5 1.1.2 Development Methodology...........................5 1.1.3 Communication.................................6 1.1.4 Configuration and Monitoring.........................6 1.2 Problem Analysis.....................................7 1.2.1 Development Methodology...........................7 1.2.2 Communication Infrastructure........................8 1.2.3 Resource Discovery...............................8 1.3 Solution Approach....................................9 1.4 Major Results........................................ 11 1.5 Overview.......................................... 12 2 Foundations 13 2.1 Autonomous Mobile Robots............................... 13 2.1.1 Hardware Architecture............................. 14 2.1.2 Robot Software.................................
  • Spring Constellations Leo

    Spring Constellations Leo

    Night Sky 101: Spring Constellations Leo Leo, the lion, is very recognizable by the head of the lion, which looks like a backwards question mark, and is commonly known as “the sickle.” Regulus, Leo’s brightest star, is also easy to pick out in most lights. The constellation is best seen in April and May, but rises after the Spring Equinox in March. Within the constellation, there are several spiral galaxies: M65, M66, M95, and M96. It is possible to fit M65 and M66 into the same view on a low powered telescope. In Greek mythology, Leo was the Nemean lion, who was completely impervious to bronze, steel and any kind of metal. As part of his 12 labors, Hercules was charged to fight the lion and killed him Photo Credit: Starry Night by strangling him. Hercules took the lion’s pelt as a prize and Leo, the lion, was placed in the stars to commemorate their fight. Virgo Virgo is best seen in the late spring and early summer, usually May to June. The bright star Arcturus, in the constellation Boötes, lines up with the Virgo’s brightest star Spica, which makes it easy to find. Within the constellation is the Virgo Galaxy Cluster, which is a conglomerate of thousands of unnamed galaxies. These galaxies are about 65 million light years away, and usually only appear as smudges in a telescope. Virgo, the maiden, is also known as Persephone, or the daughter of the Demeter. Hades, god of the Un- derworld, fell in love with Virgo and took her to the Underworld.
  • Winter Observing Notes

    Winter Observing Notes

    Wynyard Planetarium & Observatory Winter Observing Notes Wynyard Planetarium & Observatory PUBLIC OBSERVING – Winter Tour of the Sky with the Naked Eye NGC 457 CASSIOPEIA eta Cas Look for Notice how the constellations 5 the ‘W’ swing around Polaris during shape the night Is Dubhe yellowish compared 2 Polaris to Merak? Dubhe 3 Merak URSA MINOR Kochab 1 Is Kochab orange Pherkad compared to Polaris? THE PLOUGH 4 Mizar Alcor Figure 1: Sketch of the northern sky in winter. North 1. On leaving the planetarium, turn around and look northwards over the roof of the building. To your right is a group of stars like the outline of a saucepan standing up on it’s handle. This is the Plough (also called the Big Dipper) and is part of the constellation Ursa Major, the Great Bear. The top two stars are called the Pointers. Check with binoculars. Not all stars are white. The colour shows that Dubhe is cooler than Merak in the same way that red-hot is cooler than white-hot. 2. Use the Pointers to guide you to the left, to the next bright star. This is Polaris, the Pole (or North) Star. Note that it is not the brightest star in the sky, a common misconception. Below and to the right are two prominent but fainter stars. These are Kochab and Pherkad, the Guardians of the Pole. Look carefully and you will notice that Kochab is slightly orange when compared to Polaris. Check with binoculars. © Rob Peeling, CaDAS, 2007 version 2.0 Wynyard Planetarium & Observatory PUBLIC OBSERVING – Winter Polaris, Kochab and Pherkad mark the constellation Ursa Minor, the Little Bear.
  • GEMINI - YOUR ZODIAC HOROSCOPE 2021 © Ganeshaspeaks.Com 2021 First Edition, 2021

    GEMINI - YOUR ZODIAC HOROSCOPE 2021 © Ganeshaspeaks.Com 2021 First Edition, 2021

    GaneshaSpeaks.com | 1 GEMINI - YOUR ZODIAC HOROSCOPE 2021 © GaneshaSpeaks.com 2021 First edition, 2021 Copyrighted 2020-2021 by GaneshaSpeaks.com. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, printing, photocopying, recording, or otherwise – without prior written permission from GaneshaSpeaks.com. Any act of this sort, without permission, will be seen as direct plagiarism and shall be prosecutable by law and/ or specific acts. DISCLAIMER The material contained in this book is predictive and informative in nature. However, it may or may not apply to your peculiar situation and Personal Horoscope. We sincerely advise you to apply your discretion, keeping in mind your specific situation/needs, while following and adopting any of the zodiac related information or predictions given in this book. The information/ predictions provided in this book are based largely on the Sun-Sign (Western) system of Astrology. Please note that Astrology is an expansive area of study, and does not guarantee 100% accuracy. Thus, while meticulous care has been taken to present astrologically astute predictions, our team of authors, publisher and distributor/s do not provide any guarantee about the precision or exact applicability of the information that is, withal, generic in nature. The authors and publisher, therefore, do not assume, and hereby disclaim, any liability to any party for any misunderstanding, loss, damage or disruption caused by predictions and/or errors of omission or commission, regardless of whether such errors are a result of negligence, accident or any other cause. This book, moreover, is not meant to be a substitute for expert advice, including health predictions, and we explicitly propose that the reader consult relevant expert/s for any particular problem or challenge.