Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 150 3rd International Conference on Transformation in Communication (ICoTiC 2017) Local Broadcasting Resistance Against Oligopoly Media Broadcasting Television (A Critical Studies of the Media and Convergence Structuration Owners) Aep Wahyudin Faculty of Da'wa and Communication, Islamic State University Sunan Gunung Djati (UIN SGD), Bandung, West Java, Indonesia [email protected] Abstract— If we look at the broadcast television, then we will alone is less great, especially from the way / technique of realize that there are several local televisions have begun on the driving, making it very difficult for local TV to win the game. acquisition by television based in Jakarta. And television turned The only way to win is: did not compete in the racing circuit. out to be dominated by one group or the owner media. From the For very agile motorcycle used in the fields, in the market and sentence above, we can conclude that the merger of several media in the narrow alleys. into a big media called oligopoly, hegemony and media conglomerate. Media conglomerate has two effects, both positive Since the decentralization of broadcasting that gives and negatives. But the opinion that this conglomerate tend to be permission for his local television, as stipulated in the negative because it will limit the broadcast media that is in Broadcasting Act 32 of 2002, the quantity of local TV in the accordance with what the vision of the mission of the media region continues to grow. But unfortunately the development owners and more market-oriented ideology. of this quantity is not followed by the development of quality, because in its development and journey many local television Keywords—Resistance, Oligopoly Broadcasting, Media stations are not able to maintain its existence and ultimately conglomeration, Structuration Media and Concentration of 'bankrupt and die because they cannot compete in the Ownership seriousness of the broadcasting industry competition. One factor among problematic on local television, which caused Reference: to this paper should be made as follows: SSJ policy, thus causing local tv must deal with Jakarta, which Wahyudin, Aep. (2016). ‘Local Broadcasting Resistance Against Oligopoly Media Broadcasting Television (A Critical Studies of is free to produce programs and national content, and the the Media and Convergence Structuration Owners). concentration of the ads are located in Jakarta. During the reform era, in the reign of President BJ Habibie at the time it Biographical notes: Aep Wahyudin is a lecturer at has opened opportunities for the emergence of new private TV Communication Studies Program and the Islamic Broadcasting station 5, namely: Trans-TV, TV-7, Gobal-TV, LaTV and Communication, State Islamic University of Bandung. At the Metro-TV. The emergence of this new TV station 5 adds to time of Doctoral Program Education in Faculty of the splendor of the private TV which had already exist (RCTI, Communication, Padjadjaran University, he received a TPI, SCTV, quiz and Indosiar). And some private TV national scholarship from the Ministry of Religious Affairs, Ministry of television station has been renamed, becoming TransTV, TV Education and The Cultural and Yayasan Insan Cita Indonesia. One, and others, and at the present development some national He was also the broadcast media practitioners for 7 years. The television has been doing the 'merger' in the integration of the scientific work and research has been carried out and financed, holding company '. And what about the local TV? How local such as from UIN Research Institute, Creative Television TV could compete with national TV that already existed and Broadcasting Program, Rhetoric Dai Charismatics, Dawatul much more 'established'? Position TV Jakarta (often called Irsyad Islamic Ideology Humanist and Love in Cinema, Frame- national tv) that has been so strong, because it is supported by frame Creative Broadcasting in creating Edutainment Program the power of capital and human resources that are reliable, Media Television, Radicalism Industrialization very difficult to surpass by a local TV is still just learning. Humanitaranisme technology in Islam, the Political Economy of Local Media in Television Broadcasting Industry (Higher and While Closing the relay station area, obviously not an option. Insan Cita), Islamic Cognitive Model of Communication Because the history of the relay station it is an obligation. Counseling (Religious Affairs). And now, he is devoting himself Then inevitably the local TV must compete "head-to-head" as a Commissioner of Regional Indonesian Broadcasting with a national TV in the same range. With limited capital and Commission West Java. human resources, local TV is definitely not a rival national TV. Make a clear national standard program weight because of limited capital. I. INTRODUCTION Then the condition was increasingly squeezed local When illustrated in a simple, local TV is like a motorcycle television, so that pretty much on local TVs that her life would against MotoGP private-owned national TV. Of the engine not hesitate to die. In fact, many were ultimately acquired by Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). 330 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 150 another larger group. This condition actually has been studies the effects of television are focused around good effect improved by introducing Law number 32 of 2002, which in communicator, message and even the media. article 20 stated that: private broadcasting institutions can only execute one (1) broadcast with 1 (one) channels broadcast at 1 Departing from these figures, the media and their (one) coverage broadcast area. interaction with the audience become so important to always be criticized. Media in practice is the space where ideology But the presence of the new rules shortly telecast fought for a place in the minds of audiences. Who fought in decentralization is not necessarily able to directly turn off the the media life becomes trivial to see power. Who is able to relay stations in the area, since the national private TV utilize its power in influencing the media? How big is the operator was still given the leeway to adjust for 3 (three) power play in the practice of the media? In other words, the years. Even in article 60 paragraph 3 was given more leeway media is not just simply a communication channel but also as for 2 (two) years until the advent of local TV stations affiliated an institution that has been part of the community with the (networked) with him. "Broadcasting Agency already has a ideological struggle inside. relay station, prior to the enactment of this law and after the expiration of a period of adjustment, they can organize 3. Critical Political Economy broadcasting station reality, until the establishment of the local Study critical political economy has three main variants: stations are networked to the Broadcasting Agency that the the instrumentalists, structuralism and constructivist. In a time limit of two (2) years unless there are special reasons variant instrumentalists, the media is seen as an instrument for stipulated by KPI together with the Government. " the dominant classes. Investor class that uses the power of the Son last sentence is then made the current circumstances. market economy to ensure that the flow of public information Because affiliation between local TV and national TV never run in accordance with the mission and their goals. happened. If anything, what happens is not an affiliate, but the Structuralism analysis tends to see the structure as something acquisition. monolithic, well-established, static, and determinants. And constructivist analysis, as a result of the contradiction between 2. Definition of Broadcasting System the instrumentalist and structuralist analysis. Constructivist view the structure as a rudimentary and moving dynamically. Broadcasting system in Indonesia has been the (Mosco, 1996: 24). centralization, and created many problems. Centralized television system as is the case today typically occurs in For Mosco, there are three entry concept in economic- countries with authoritarian country, which is characterized by political-media, among others (see 1996: 141-245): a concentration of power. It was generally only take place in countries that are not developing a commercial television 1. Commodification, namely the use of goods and services system, and do not have large areas with heterogeneous views of usefulness are then transformed into a commodity cultural character which is owned by Indonesia. Causing the that is judged by what it means in the market. There are broadcasting industry be fair and equitable, not create several forms of commodification that we should democratization and autonomy and the empowerment of local understand. The first modification of the contents, the broadcasting in all regions in Indonesia. There are 12 process to change the message and set of data into the television stations in Jakarta to broadcasting nationally by system of meaning into products that can be marketed. For only using relay stations / transmitter in each region. In this example, in a TV show created programs into one package system, broadcast fully prepared, created and transmitted the product with advertising that can be marketed by the centrally from Jakarta to the homes of residents throughout the media. Second, the audience commodity is defined as the region in Indonesia with only brokered the relay stations in mass media results in a process where the media company each area. Thus what was seen by the public television media producing audiences and handed it to advertisers. Media throughout the region in Indonesia is fully determined by the programs used to attract audiences. Advertisers pay media station located in Jakarta, of course, one might almost say the companies to access the public, therefore the audience form of centralizing the broadcast media have ignored local "handed over" to corporate advertisers.