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Prophetic Politics: Emmanuel Levinas and the Sanctification Of Prophetic Politics You are reading copyrighted material published by Ohio University Press/Swallow Press. Unauthorized posting, copying, or distributing of this work except as permitted under U.S. copyright law is illegal and injures the author and publisher. SERIES IN CONTINENTAL THOUGHT Editorial Board Ted Toadvine, Chairman, University of Oregon Elizabeth A. Behnke, Study Project in Phenomenology of the Body David Carr, Emory University James Dodd, New School University Lester Embree, Florida Atlantic University José Huertas-Jourda, Wilfrid Laurier University† Joseph J. Kockelmans, Pennsylvania State University William R. McKenna, Miami University Algis Mickunas, Ohio University J. N. Mohanty, Temple University Dermot Moran, University College Dublin Thomas Nenon, University of Memphis Rosemary Rizo-Patron de Lerner, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima Thomas M. Seebohm, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, Mainz Gail Soffer, Rome, Italy Elizabeth Ströker, Universität Köln† Nicolas de Warren, Wellesley College Richard M. Zaner, Vanderbilt University International Advisory Board Suzanne Bachelard, Université de Paris† Rudolf Boehm, Rijksuniversiteit Gent Albert Borgmann, University of Montana Amedeo Giorgi, Saybrook Institute Richard Grathoff, Universität Bielefeld Samuel Ijsseling, Husserl-Archief te Leuven Alphonso Lingis, Pennsylvania State University Werner Marx, Albert-Ludwigs Universität, Freiburg† David Rasmussen, Boston College John Sallis, Boston College John Scanlon, Duquesne University Hugh J. Silverman, State University of New York, Stony Brook Carlo Sini, Università di Milano Jacques Taminiaux, Louvain-la-Neuve D. Lawrence Wieder† Dallas Willard, University of Southern California You are reading copyrighted material published by Ohio University Press/Swallow Press. Unauthorized posting, copying, or distributing of this work except as permitted under U.S. copyright law is illegal and injures the author and publisher. Prophetic Politics .................................. Emmanuel Levinas and the Sanctification of Suffering PHILIP J. HAROLD OHIO UNIVERSITY PRESS ATHENS You are reading copyrighted material published by Ohio University Press/Swallow Press. Unauthorized posting, copying, or distributing of this work except as permitted under U.S. copyright law is illegal and injures the author and publisher. Ohio University Press, Athens, Ohio 45701 www.ohioswallow.com © 2009 by Ohio University Press All rights reserved To obtain permission to quote, reprint, or otherwise reproduce or distribute material from Ohio University Press publications, please contact our rights and permissions department at (740) 593-1154 or (740) 593-4536 (fax). Printed in the United States of America Ohio University Press books are printed on acid-free paper ∞ ™ 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Harold, Philip J. Prophetic politics : Emmanuel Levinas and the sanctification of suffering / Philip J. Harold. p. cm. — (Series in continental thought ; no. 37) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8214-1895-6 (hc : alk. paper) 1. Lévinas, Emmanuel. I. Title. B2430.L484H376 2009 194—dc22 2009028435 You are reading copyrighted material published by Ohio University Press/Swallow Press. Unauthorized posting, copying, or distributing of this work except as permitted under U.S. copyright law is illegal and injures the author and publisher. For David Walsh and Keith Woods You are reading copyrighted material published by Ohio University Press/Swallow Press. Unauthorized posting, copying, or distributing of this work except as permitted under U.S. copyright law is illegal and injures the author and publisher. You are reading copyrighted material published by Ohio University Press/Swallow Press. Unauthorized posting, copying, or distributing of this work except as permitted under U.S. copyright law is illegal and injures the author and publisher. There will be horror on all sides, and, of course, more false than sincere. People fear only what directly threatens their personal interests. I’m not speaking of the pure souls: they will be horrified and will blame themselves, but they will not be noticeable. —Bishop Tikhon, Dostoevsky’s Demons Don’t answer questions for God. —a devout Rabbi You are reading copyrighted material published by Ohio University Press/Swallow Press. Unauthorized posting, copying, or distributing of this work except as permitted under U.S. copyright law is illegal and injures the author and publisher. You are reading copyrighted material published by Ohio University Press/Swallow Press. Unauthorized posting, copying, or distributing of this work except as permitted under U.S. copyright law is illegal and injures the author and publisher. CONTENTS ................................... Acknowledgments xi Abbreviations xiii Introduction xv From Ethics to Politics xvi The Need for a Prophetic Politics xxvi 1 Death, Escape, and Thinking beyond Being 1 Ethics and the Prophetic 6 Heidegger, Death, and Sacrifice 12 2 Play and Responsibility 23 The Third 24 Maturity and Self-Delimitation 31 Two Forms of Play 35 Existence and Existents 38 The “There Is” 44 Position 50 Bergson 53 3 The Philosophical Ethics of Totality and Infinity 61 A Caricature of a Position 61 The “Source” of Ethics 62 Rosenzweig 65 The Ethical Turn 67 Totality and Infinity 75 The Feminine 86 Adieu to Totality and Infinity 92 4 The Turning Point: “Violence and Metaphysics” 95 The Worst Violence 95 The Self-Contradiction of Totality and Infinity 97 Derrida 100 You are reading copyrighted material published by Ohio University Press/Swallow Press. Unauthorized posting, copying, or distributing of this work except as permitted under U.S. copyright law is illegal and injures the author and publisher. x contents The Violence of Philosophy 103 The Death of Philosophy 110 Necessity and Essence 114 5 Tradition and Finite Freedom 117 MacIntyre’s View of Selfhood 118 Levinas as a Corrective to MacIntyre 120 Husserl 129 Ethics and Genetic Phenomenology 137 The Said and the Saying 143 Skepticism 149 6 The Political Reversal of Substitution 152 Charles Taylor: Articulation and Ethics 155 A Levinasian Response to Taylor 167 Ideology and Disinterestedness 170 Justice and Prophecy 175 The Prophetic 181 7 Justice and Incommunicable Suffering 183 Introduction: Law in Plato’s Republic 183 Alterity 186 Idealism 191 Law and Politics 198 Gillian Rose 201 The Self Is Beyond Being 208 Height as the Soul of Law 210 Notes 217 Bibliography 263 Index 279 You are reading copyrighted material published by Ohio University Press/Swallow Press. Unauthorized posting, copying, or distributing of this work except as permitted under U.S. copyright law is illegal and injures the author and publisher. AcKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................... This book was written due to the support from an American Political Sci- ence Association Small Grant and a Delores Basset Research Grant. I wrote it while I was teaching at Robert Morris University, and I want to thank my colleagues at RMU for their support, particularly John Graham and the best department chair anyone could ever ask for, Kathy Dennick-Brecht. Special thanks as well to: Chuck Werme, Jackie Corinth, Bruce Johnston, and all the staff at Moon Library; Loretta Gossett and the staff at John Paul II Library for their generous assistance; and Donna Lowman and Misty Defede for all their great help. I would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers, Mat- thew Laughlin, Paul Kobelski, Evander Lomke, Beth Pratt, Ted Toadvine, Steven Crowell, and Chad Engelland. I owe great thanks to David Walsh, who introduced me to Levinas, was a marvelous professor, and whose latest book, The Modern Philosophical Revolution, is a classic. I would like to thank my immensely generous and loving parents for all they have done for me. And finally, incomparable thanks and love go to my talented and vivacious wife, Rachel, venustissima uxor in omni mundo. You are reading copyrighted material published by Ohio University Press/Swallow Press. Unauthorized posting, copying, or distributing of this work except as permitted under U.S. copyright law is illegal and injures the author and publisher. You are reading copyrighted material published by Ohio University Press/Swallow Press. Unauthorized posting, copying, or distributing of this work except as permitted under U.S. copyright law is illegal and injures the author and publisher. ABBREVIATIONS ................................... Works by Levinas AE Autrement qu’être ou au-delà de l’essence (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1974). Otherwise than Being or Beyond Essence, trans. Alphonso Lingis (Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press, 1981). DQVI De Dieu qui vient à l’idée (Paris: Vrin, 1986). Of God Who Comes to Mind, trans. Bettina Bergo (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998). DE De l’évasion (Montpellier: Fata Morgana, 1982). On Escape, trans. Bettina Bergo (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003). DEHH En découvrant l’existence avec Husserl et Heidegger (Paris: Vrin, 1967). Discovering Existence with Husserl, trans. Richard A. Cohen and Michael B. Smith (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1998). DL Difficile liberté: essais sur le judaïsme (Paris: Albin Michel, 1976). Difficult Freedom: Essays on Judaism, trans. Seán Hand (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1990). EE De l’existence à l’existant (Paris: Fontaine, 1947). Existence and Existents, trans. Alphonso Lingis (Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press, 2001). EI Éthique et infini
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