Danish Refugee Council

Jaffna Welfare Centre Assessment – Final Report

Background

The families living in ’s Welfare Centres are categorized as long-term displaced, with the earliest displacement taking place in 1983, and families first arriving in the Welfare Centres in 1984. Since then, most of their ‘places of origin’ were declared – and currently remain – as high security zones (HSZ), so no return has yet been possible.

The tsunami in December 2004 and the resulting massive displacement and devastation caused on coastal areas of the country drew mass media attention and funding to the populations affected by that disaster. Four of the Centres surveyed had received tsunami funding.

However, the renewal of hostilities in August 2006 led to the closure of the A9 highway that linked Jaffna to the rest of the island. Since then access to Jaffna has been severely restricted.

Prior to August 2006, the long-term displaced had developed coping mechanisms that allowed for a reasonable standard of living. The closure of the A9 and subsequent loss of access to markets, coupled with the loss of livelihoods (fertile farm land and coastal/fishing areas are within the HSZs) has severely impacted on the Jaffna population.

DRC Jaffna As part of its partnership project with UNHCR, Danish Refugee Council opened a sub-office in Jaffna in March 2007 and undertook an assessment of the Jaffna Welfare Centres, to gain a better picture of the situation.

The Assessment Assessments began in May 2007 and were completed in late July. By prior agreement, the DRC teams covered 57 Welfare Centres in the divisions of , Kopay, Nallur, Sandilipay, Tellipalai and while the UNHCR team covered the 12 Welfare Centres in Karaveddy, Maruthankerny and (See maps in Appendices II and III).

The 2-member teams (1 male and 1 female) spent an average of 1.5 days at each Welfare Centre to collect and verify data. Teams met with a number of IDPs from each location, seeking to get as broad a representation of age and gender as possible, and trying to include at least one representative of each Centre’s IDP Committee, if one existed. They also interviewed special cases, vulnerable individuals and talked with many families as they walked through the Centres.

Notes on the data: • Data, such as numbers and types of shelters, wells, and toilets, were visually verified by the teams. While much other information could not be precisely verified, the degree of consistency across all 69 centres lends credibility to the information;

Jaffna Welfare Centre Assessment – Final Report

• The data from the 4 tsunami-assisted Welfare Centres for shelter, water and sanitation has been disaggregated in order not to skew the averages. These 4 locations represent less than 6% of all Welfare Centres, but they account for 11% of all shelters, 49% of all wells, and 30% of all toilets. In addition, the housing is of the permanent variety, and the families have received or are receiving permits to remain on the land. Therefore, the averages used in the narrative and charts represent the 65 Welfare Centres that did not receive this tsunami assistance. The graph and table below illustrate the need for this disaggregation by showing the ratio of families to shelters, wells and toilets in tsunami assisted and non tsunami assisted Welfare Centres.

2500 2228 1823 2000 Families 1500 Shelters 1000 Potable wells 516 Toilets 500 281 236 205 218 99 0 Tsunami Non-Tsunami

Overview of Tsunami vs Non-Tsunami Assisted Welfare Centres Wells Toilets Families Persons Flood Shelter Potable Total Potable Need Total Perma Need prone water repair nent repair Non- 2,228 8.548 40 1,823 38 210 99 105 516 153 229 tsunami (65) Tsunami (4) 281 1,104 2 236 4 205 205 3 218 218 0

• It is important to note that the unit for the data is the Welfare Centre, not individual families. Most Welfare Centre families were displaced in groups rather than individually, and, therefore, the conditions - under which they fled, under which they now live, and which affect their ability to return - are largely the same for families within a Welfare Centre.

Sections A 6-page form (Appendix I) was developed in consultation with UNHCR and with technical input from other UN agencies and NGOs. The information presented is organized into 12 sections following the site reference: information sources, demographics, current location, shelter, water and sanitation, health and medical, place of origin, protection, safety and security, food and nutrition, livelihoods, and education.

General:

The brief analysis that follows is intended purely as a guide to understanding the data better. The full database is available on CD by request.

Page 2 of 22 Jaffna Welfare Centre Assessment – Final Report

Site Reference Information This section includes the name of the division where the centre is located, the GS code, GS Officer’s name, site name, and numerical reference number. The distribution of centres across divisions is illustrated below.

Welfare Centres by Division

16 15 14 12 12 12 11 10 8 7 5 Centres 6 4 4 2 1 Number of Welfare 2 0 i y a ny lur r al ke nkan Kopa n N Uduvil a raveddy a Tellipalai Sandilipay Ch K Point Pedro Marutha

1. Information Sources The names of IDPs interviewed were recorded, and their role in the community. However, this information is kept confidential.

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2. Demographics

• Total Families: 2,509 • Total Individuals: 9,652 • Average Family Size: 3.8

0-<2 yrs. 2-5 yrs 6-17 yrs 18-59 yrs >60 yrs Total M 188 395 1,489 2,351 235 4,658 F 191 376 1,480 2,692 255 4,994 Total 379 771 2,969 5,043 490 9,652

The population is categorized into age and gender groups, as well as vulnerable categories. Women represent 52% of the total population, and 81% of the vulnerable population. Slightly more than 15% of the population falls into one or more vulnerable categories, with the largest group being single-headed households which account for 24% of all families.

Welfare Centre Population by Division

600 499 516 500 385 400 382 284 300 241 200 160 100 Number of Families 15 27 0 y y y r ai a n u vil n p ll u o er K nk Na Ud ha Tellipalai t Sandilipay Chanka Karavedd u Point Pedro Mar

Extremely Vulnerable Individuals (EVIs):

• Single-headed households: 605 (97 male / 508 female) (24% of households) • Physically disabled 204 (132 male / 72 female) • Mentally disabled 29 (13 male / 16 female) • Separated/unaccompanied children 12 (5 male / 7 female) • Elderly without support 99 (29 male / 70 female) • Pregnant women 115 • Lactating women 385

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3. Current Location Information

• Site ownership: 80% (55) privately owned • Problems with landowner: 10% (7) • Registration of IDPs by: o GS 100% o IDP Committee 77% (53) o SLA 59% (41)

3% • Contact with DS/GS: 3% 6% As needed Frequency of meetings with DS/GS: 9% 19% As needed: 3% (2) Rarely Rarely: 19% (13) 1% Weekly Weekly: 59% (41) Bi-weekly Monthly: 9% (6) Monthly Bi-monthly: 3% (2) Bi-monthly Never: 6% (4) Never

59%

• Responsiveness of DS/GS:

50

40

30 DS 20 GS 10

0 Good Fair Poor

• Road type: o Tar 67% (46) o Gravel 16% (11) o Clay 17% (12)

• Flood prone: 61% (42)

• Average walking/cycling time to nearest town: 22 min

• Mobile coverage: 99% (68)

• Received assistance in past 6 months: 32% (22 of 69)

• Average number of agencies active in the Welfare Centre: 1 (18 had none)

• With Community Centre or other common building: 59% (41)

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• Community-Based Organizations:

IDP Committee 61% (42) Women’s Committee 56% (39) Children’s Committee 38% (26) Sports Committee 41% (28) Agriculture Committee 4% (3) Fishing Committee 18% (12)

• Constraints in current location:

Lack of livelihood 100% (69) Firewood collection 91% (63) Documentation 57% (39) • Birth certificate – 32 Centres (46%) • Death certificate – 14 Centres (20%) • Marriage certificate – 25 Centres (36%) • National ID Card (NIC) – 31 Centres (45%) Fear of attacks / harassment / intimidation 12% (8) Discrimination in delivery of assistance 9% (6) Displacement / constant movement 6% (4) Proximity to conflict areas / forward defense lines 4% (3) Schools destroyed / damaged 3% (2) Tensions with host communities 3% (2) Undue pressure to return 3% (2)

Current Priority

Water 7% Shelter 7% Employment Food Sanitation Sanitation 16% Employment Shelter 50% Water

Food 20%

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4. Shelter This data has been disaggregated to exclude the 4 Welfare Centres that received permanent housing as a result of tsunami assistance.

In the remaining 65 Welfare Centres, 2,228 families are living in 1,823 shelters. One Centre in Uduvil has only communal shelter for its 22 families, while the remaining sites have individual shelters or a combination of individual and communal.

Types of Individual Shelters Number of Centres with Types of Shelter 7% 7% 59 60

40

20 86% 5 1 0 Individual Communal Both Temporary Transitional Semi-Permanent

Shelter definitions:

TYPE DEFINITION Designed for post-emergency, short duration; concrete posts, timber roof structure, Temporary cadjan roof and side cover; floor of mud and cow dung (Rs. 45,000) Designed for more than 1 year; concrete posts, timber roof structure, zinc-coated Transitional aluminum roof sheets, half wall of mud brick, plywood or cadjan side cover, floor of mud with cement plaster (Rs. 100,000) Designed for long duration; concrete posts, timber roof structure, zinc-coated Semi-permanent aluminum roof sheets, half wall of concrete bricks plastered with cements, plywood or tin sheet side cover, floor of concrete with cement plaster (Rs. 125,000) Permanent Concrete building with timber frame and zinc aluminum roof

Because this population has been displaced for an extended period, families have increased in size – children have grown up, married and had children of their own, but additional housing has not been constructed to accommodate the changed population numbers.

In all but one location, the IDPs have reported a need for repairs, upgrades and/or additional shelters.

Types of housing and building materials are illustrated below (NB: the combination of communal and individual shelters, as well as partial walls, side covering and roofs in some locations, and incomplete data for 1 or 2 centers leads to different totals.)

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Shelter Materials

Walls

None Brick Plastic sheet Cement Dust 2% 8% 1% 2% 15% Mud Cadjan 9% 3%

Cement & Dust 60%

Side Covering

500 487 395 394 400

300

200 129 88 92 100 61 Number of Shelters 13 23 0 n an ud ag Ti j ood one dust M yw & N Cad Palmyra Pl tilizer b Chipboard er ement F C

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Shelter Materials - continued

Roof

952 1000

800

600 493 400 224 200 87

Number of Shelters 10 3 18 0

Tin an um les adj Ti sheet C Zn Al r tar sheet os Concrete o

Asbest Plastic

Floor 776 800

550 600 426

400

200 34 Number of Shelters Number

0 Cement Sand Dust Cement & Dust

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5. Water & Sanitation As with shelter, this data has been disaggregated to exclude the 4 tsunami-assisted locations.

In the 65 remaining Welfare Centres, there are 210 wells, 99 (47%) provide drinking water - an average of 86 people per potable well. Six Centres have water pipelines, 2 of which have potable water, and 8 Centres have plastic water tanks that are refilled regularly with potable water (5 other Centres have plastic water tanks that currently need repair or are not being used).

Welfare Centres & Potable Water

Have not 42%

Have 58%

Water in Welfare Centres

140 126 120 100 84 75 80 69 Total 60 Potable 39 40 Need Maint 24 13 20 56

Number Tanks of Wells, 0 Open Wells Tube Wells Refillable Tanks

Water quality has been tested in 32 (46%) of the Welfare Centres, with the following results:

Good Salty Unknown 24 2 6

The water table depth changes dramatically during the dry season. Average depth during the rainy season is 8 feet (maximum depth 40 feet). Average depth in the dry season is 19 feet (with a maximum of 45 feet).

The sanitation situation is cause for concern – with 42 (60%) of the Centres situated in flood- prone areas. There are a total of 516 toilets of which 229 are in need of repair; further to this 94 were full at the survey time. The upcoming rainy season could pose serious problems.

The ratio of individuals per toilet is 16.6 to 1. Open defecation is practiced in 35 of 65 (54%) Centres.

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Type & Status of Toilets in Welfare Centres

600 516 500

400 353 Total 300 229 Need repair 179 200 153 Need pit emptied 94

Number of Toilets of Number 75 100 45 10 5 0 19 0 Emergency Temporary Permanent Total

Type Definition Designed for 3-6 month duration; structure made of wood and tin sheet or cadjan; Emergency floor with bowl of Plexiglas or plastic; pit made from barrel or plastic Designed for 6-18 month duration; structure made of wood and tin sheets; floor with Temporary bowl usually cement; pit made of cement blocks Designed for 60-month duration; structure made of cement as well as floor with bowl; Permanent usually with septic tank and cement-block pit if not incorporated into the septic tank

On average, there are 2 bathing and 2 laundry structures per centre – usually at open wells, and average number of families per centre is 34.

Families in the Welfare Centres burn, bury or compost rubbish (some use a combination of methods), with only one or two sites having access to municipal services that collect and remove rubbish.

Solid Waste Disposal

65 70 60 50 40 30 Centres 14 20 7

Number of Welfare Welfare of Number 10 0 Burn Bury Compost .

None of the Welfare Centres receive regular distributions of hygiene kits. As at survey time, it had been an average of 244 days since the last hygiene promotion, with 14 Centres never having received any hygiene promotion activities.

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6. Health & Medical

• Medical Services

Yes No Transportation for women in labour 74% (51) 26% (18) Mobile clinics 3% (2) 97% (67) Ambulance service 32% (22) 68% (47) WCs with individuals trained in first aid 22% (15) 78% (54) First aid kits 3% (2) 97% (67)

• Time to walk/cycle to: o Nearest in-patient hospital: 34 minutes o Nearest drug dispensary clinic: 15 minutes

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7. Place of Origin

As stated at the outset, some of these families were displaced as long as 24 years ago, so accurate numbers from the time of displacement are unavailable. As reported by the IDPs, families tended to be displaced in groups rather than individually, with most Centres (57 of 69) comprised of families who were displaced at the same time, if not exactly from the same place. In the other 12 Centres, the population is comprised of families from different place who arrived at different times for different reasons. In many cases, families were displaced from the same location, but for different reasons in different years. The overall pattern shows “war” as the initial reason for displacement, but the major constraint to return has since become “high security zone.” Rather than offer statistics on imprecise numbers, the data is presented in generalities. More detailed information is available in the full database.

• Earliest reported displacement: 1983 • Earliest reported arrival at Welfare Centre 1984 • Year of greatest reported displacement: 1990 • Latest reported displacement: 2000 • Latest arrival at Welfare Centre: 2006

Year of First Displacement 1983-89 1991-2006 4% 12%

1990 84%

Most common answers:

• Reasons for displacement: War, High Security Zone • Have information about place of origin No • Own house and/or land in place of origin Yes • Able to travel to place of origin occasionally No • Able to return to collect personal items No

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Most commonly reported constraints to return:

1) Insecurity High Security Zone Mines/UXOs

2) Land Property House damaged/destroyed

3) Livelihood Lack of agricultural inputs Access to fishing Lack of tools / equipment / capital

Durable Solution: Return (no mention of resettlement, very few for integration)

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Protection

Reported Protection Incidents (past 18 months) 140 134 120 100 80 62 60 40 12 Number of Incidents Number 20 9 7 5 7 1 0 3 0 0 t s e s se n c ent cks o m rres e ment A abu cti it *Sexual & Gender-Based Violence ss l Ch u SGBV* u Killings ra incident rity Abd O Ha ysica stic Violen Recr / ph Disappearances e/UX Secu n re Dome tu Mi Tor Security checks of: • All: 43% (57 of 134) • Youth: 55% (74 of 134) • Committee members: 2% (3 of 134)

Welfare Centres Affected by Proximity to

25 21 20

15

10

5 3

Number of Welfare Centres 1 0 0 0 0 0 s as ns ps lds re mps o u a a ro f coast inefie o ry C d g a M onflict lit litary Camp me C i i r M Police Stati r a in 100m the Param O With

Page 15 of 22 Jaffna Welfare Centre Assessment – Final Report

8. Safety & Security

• Available Services:

Police / security 97% (67) Counseling / SGBV reporting 62% (43) Legal Aid 81% (56) Probation officers and CPRO 65% (45) Child-friendly spaces 78% (54) Mine Risk Education (MRE) 61% (42)

• Fencing, non-tsunami (toilets and bathing structures in tsunami-assisted Centres are built within the perimeter fence of the shelter)

o Welfare Centre perimeter 74% (48 of 65) • Missing or damaged 42% (27 of 65) o Shelters 89% (1623 of 1823) • Need fence repair 27% (437 of 1623) o Toilets 7% (36 of 516) • Need fence repair 58% (21 of 36) o Bathing structures 43% (61 of 141) • Need fence repair 64% (39 of 61)

• Lighting (from public electricity provider)

Tsunami Non-Tsunami Total Main Road 0% 28% (18 of 65) 26% (18 of 69) Communal Space 25% (1 of 4) 3% (2 of 65) 4% (3 of 69) Shelters 25% (1 of 4) 15% (10 of 65) 16% (11 of 69) Toilets 25% (1 of 4) 0% 1% (1 of 69) Bathing structures 0% 2% (1 of 65) 1% (1 of 69)

NB: 81% (56 of 69) of Welfare Centres have no public source of electricity (excluding street lighting on main roads)

• Fire: none of the Welfare Centres have fire hazard points;

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9. Food & Nutrition

• Average number of days since last food distribution 33 (max 90)

• Quality of food received Good Moderate Bad 48 20 1

• Average number of meals per day in last 2 months 2.1

• Organizations providing free food assistance

Type of Food Assistance Frequency % Welfare Centres that receive Government (IDP ration) Monthly 97% Government (Samurdhi) Monthly 7% Government / WFP Weekly 3% INGOs / LNGOs Once or twice 13% UNICEF Biscuits Monthly 36% Weekly 32% Once or twice 7% Nutritional food for Monthly 13% children Weekly 6% Once or twice 16% Milk powder Monthly 23% Once or twice 30% Mother-child clinic Monthly 91% Schools Daily 96% Stopped 4%

• How many days does monthly ration last 10

If not long enough, how do people cope?

Buy with earned Share with family, Reduce meal Skip meals Reduce adult income neighbors size consumption 100% 93% 91% 87% 88%

Page 17 of 22 Jaffna Welfare Centre Assessment – Final Report

• Availability and Affordability of basic food items in the market

70

60

50

40

30

20

Number of Welfare Centres 10

0 e ur al h at n s s it il r ic lo h fis e ke gg le ru O ga R / f D h M ic E tab F u d es h e S ea Fr C eg Br V

Available Affordable

• Average minutes (walking / cycling) to nearest market 17

• Cooking done individually or communally 100% individually

• Available cooking facilities o Small stove 9% (6) o Firewood 100% (69)

• Firewood acquisition: 16% (11) only purchase 35% (24) only gather 49% (34) both

• Have cooking utensils (pots/pans) 93% (64)

• Have additional food supply for pregnant / lactating women: 67% (46)

• Have additional food supply for children under 5: 78% (54)

• Number of children breastfeeding (0-23 months): 401

• Number of mothers unable to breast feed: 24

• Number of children receiving food supplements: 667

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• Coping mechanisms to purchase more food

o Sell property: 58% (40) o Sell jewelry: 80% (55) o Pawn jewelry or other goods: 91% (63) o Borrow money: 100% (69) o Work: 100% (69)

• Average minutes walking / cycling to collect firewood: 41

• Sufficient firewood available: 10% (7)

• Problems faced while collecting firewood:

o Land owner: 33% (23) o Not allowed: 6% (4) o Competition: 20% (14) o HSZ: 1% (1) o Near FDL: 3% (2) o Near military: 3% (2) o Harassment: 1% (1)

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10. Livelihood

• Main source of income before and after August 2006

1000 983 899

800 682 636 600 360 400 Be for e After

Number of Families 200 75 99 96 58 66 37 52 26 23 19 19 0 s r g r s r e u re n ck e s u c o u i o k e o n b lt h t r in b ta a u is s o s a it L c F e w u L y ri iv b d m il g L te l e e a A a l ll R iv a i D r m k P S S

• Shops within the Welfare Centre: 49% (34)

• Women do handicrafts for income: 23% (16)

• Average daily labor rate o Men: Rs. 374 o Women: Rs. 155

• Average number of working days per week over last 2 months: 2.4

• Average weekly salary o Men: Rs. 898 o Women: Rs. 372

• Agriculture o Accessible land INSIDE the camp perimeter: 14% (10) o Accessible land OUTSIDE the camp perimeter: 8% (6) o Land can be used for small agricultural activities: 7% (5) o IDPs interested/willing to do small agricultural activities: 12% (8)

• Livestock (total number of cows, goats and chickens) o Before Aug 2006: 5339 o After Aug 2006: 3254 (39% reduction)

• Fishing (last 2 months) o Average hours/day: 5.9 o Average distance from shore: 1040 meters o Average weekly income: 773 Rs. o Average distance to market: 4.1 Km o Type of boat allowed: Catamaran – 93% (no motor) o Number of families belonging to fishing society: 22% (555) o Face threats or hazards: 53%

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11. Education

Education of Children in Welfare Centres

1716 1800 1434 1500 1252 1251 1200

900 634 615 600

Number of Children 300

0 Pre-School Age Primary School Age Secondary School Age

Total Number of Children Children in School

• Pre-schools: o 30% (21) inside Welfare Centres o 62% (43) at nearest village o 8% (5) none or no pre-school age children

o Assistance Needed at 21 internal pre-schools: ƒ Furniture 52% (11) ƒ Structure 29% (6) ƒ Playground equipment 48% (10) ƒ Toilets 19% (4) ƒ Blackboard 5% (1) ƒ Study materials 5% (1)

o Internal pre-schools run / financed by: ƒ IDP Committee 57% (12) ƒ Church 14% (3) ƒ Palmyra Dev. Coop. Society 19% (4) ƒ Unknown, other 10% (2)

• Location of schools: primary and secondary school-age children attend classes at schools in the nearest village (there are no schools inside the Welfare Centres)

o Average minutes walking/cycling to ƒ Pre-school: 9 (max 30) ƒ Primary school: 21 (max 60) ƒ Secondary school: 25 (max 60)

• School Supplies o Enough exercise books*: 0% o Enough uniforms: 83% (57) o Enough stationery*: 0%

*Stationery and exercise books are in short supply throughout the District, not only in schools where children from Welfare Centres attend.

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For more information on this assessment, please contact:

Joann Kingsley Charles MacFadden Christine Leikvang Head of Office, Jaffna Country Representative Protection Officer Danish Refugee Council Danish Refugee Council UNHCR Jaffna +94 77 320 7897 +94 77 756 2490 +94 77 381 5182 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

The owners [Danish Refugee Council and UNHCR] grant permission to copy and distribute this material, in whole or in part, provided that remarks are neither taken out of context nor edited to distort their meaning, and provided that credit is given to the owners, and provided that no charge whatever is made for such copies or distribution without the owner's express written consent.

Page 22 of 22 GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF JAFFNA IDP COMMUNITIES

Date D D M M Y Y

Site Reference Division GS Code GS Officer’s Name Site / Village Name Site # / Code

1. INFORMATION SOURCES Name of nearest town:

Name Title / Position Nearby landmarks

Average travel time (cycling/walking) to town in minutes

Do mobile phones work in this area? Y N

How many families have mobile phones? In the past 6 months, has the community received Y N assistance? 2. DEMOGRAPHICS Type of Assistance Agency Date Total # displaced Total # displaced families individuals Medicine M F Water # 0 – 24 months Shelter Material # 2 – 5 yrs NFRI # 6 – 17 yrs Hygiene Kits # 18 – 59 yrs Other ______# 60 yrs and above

# single headed households Humanitarian Actors CURRENTLY working in this location: Name Activities # physically disabled

# mentally disabled

# separated / unaccompanied children

# elderly without support

# pregnant women Community Based Organizations # lactating women Is there a Community Center or other common building? Y N # 3. CURRENT LOCATION INFORMATION Meet Active Int/ Committees how Activities Ownership of land at this Mbrs Ext Public Private Often location: M F Any problems with land

owner? IDP Int Ext Who registered GS Camp Committee Other the IDPs? Women Int Ext How many families are NOT registered? Children Int Ext How often does the community meet with DS/GS? Sports Int Ext Responsiveness of DS? Good Fair Poor Agriculture Int Ext Responsiveness of GS? Good Fair Poor Fishing Int Ext Are the access roads to/from the area reliable / safe? Y N Int Ext Type of roads: tar gravel clay concrete

Is the area prone to flooding? Y N GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF JAFFNA IDP COMMUNITIES

3. CURRENT LOCATION INFORMATION Communal Shelter (Continued) Common School Temple Empty House Other Buildings (type) Major constraints faced by this community Brick____ Mud____ Cadjan____ # Bldgs with walls

Y N made of: Displacement/ Constant movement Cement____ Other ______Tin____ Cadjan____ Tiles____ # Bldgs with roof Schools destroyed/ damaged Y N made of: Plastic Sheeting____ Other______Lack of livelihood Y N # Bldgs with floor Cement____ Sand____ made of: Dust____ Other______Discrimination in the delivery of assistance Y N Roof Side Cover Floor New Assistance Needed: Other______Undue pressure on IDPs to return to place of origin Y N Common Temporary____ Transitional____ Structures Fear of attacks/ harassment / intimidation Y N Brick____ Mud____ Cadjan____ # structures with

walls covering of: Firewood collection Y N Plastic Sheeting____ Tin___ Tin____ Cadjan____ # structures with Proximity to conflict areas/ Forward defense lines Y N roof made of: Plastic Sheeting ______Tensions with host community Y N Floor material Cement Sand Dust ______Documentation Y N Roof Side Cover Floor New Assistance Needed: Other______Birth Certificate Death Certificate Marriage Certificate NIC Communal Distance from shelters: Kitchen 0-25 mt 26-50 mt >50 mt Other constraints Y N Roof material Tin Cadjan Tiles Plastic Sheeting ______If other type of constraint, specify Side Covering Mud Tin Cadjan Plastic sheeting ______What is the highest priority now for this community? (circle one) Assistance Needed: Roof Side Cover Floor Other______Food Medical Water Sanitation/Toilets Shelter Employment

4. SHELTER 5. WATER & SANITATION Total # of Type: Individual Communal Is safe drinking water available at this location? Y N shelters: If not, where is the nearest Individual Shelter (# of each type) source of drinkable water? Temporary____ Transitional____ Semi-Permanent_____ How many minutes to walk / cycle to nearest drinkable water

Other_____ point? Brick____ Mud____ Cadjan____ # shelters with Water sources at this How How many How many walls made of: location: many? Drinkable? need maint? Cement____ Other:______Open wells Height of walls: Tin____ Plastic Sheeting____ Tube wells # shelters with side covering of: Cadjan____ Other:______Pipeline Tin____ Cadjan____ Tiles____ # shelters with Plastic water tanks (bowser) roof made of: Plastic Sheeting____ Other:______How often are water tanks

# shelters with refilled by the bowser? Cement____ Sand____ Dust____ Other____ floor made of: Has PHI If yes, Result Assistance tested the Y N Roof Side Cover Floor New Other______when? of test: Needed: water?

May 14, 2007 version 2

GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF JAFFNA IDP COMMUNITIES

5. WATER & SANITATION (Continued) Illnesses & Diseases Toilets Treatment & Financial or # Cases (in How many How many Medication Material How How many need last 30 days) Type need soakage have septic Available? Assistance? many? maintenance? pit emptied? tanks? Asthma Y N F M Emergency Diarrhea Y N F M Temporary Malnourishment Y N F M Permanent Children Other______Y N F M Cadjan____ Plastic sheeting____ Cement____ # toilets with

walls made of: Other______Y N F M Tin____ Other______Cadjan____ Plastic sheeting____ Cement____ # toilets with Cancer Y N F M

roof made of: Tin____ Other______Diabetes Y N F M Type of maintenance Y N F M needed? Heart / Blood pressure Adults Is there a maintenance committee? Y N Other______Y N F M Which organization empties

soakage pits? Other______Y N F M Is open defecation being practiced at this site? Y N Rainy Dry Depth of water table: 7. INFORMATION ON PLACES OF ORIGIN season season

How many bathing Place(s) of origin Type of well used? structures present? How many designated When were they Type of well used? laundry facilities? first displaced? How do they manage Burn Bury Compost Why were they

solid waste? Other:______displaced? How long ago was last hygiene promotion When did they campaign? arrive at this Does this community receive regular distributions of Y N location? hygiene kits? Have information about place of origin? 6. HEALTH / MEDICAL Own house and/or land in How many minutes to walk/cycle to nearest in-patient place of origin? hospital facility? Displaced as a Name of in-patient Hospital group or individually? How many minutes to walk/cycle to nearest drug dispensary clinic Can IDPs travel to their place(s) of origin periodically? Y N Is there an arrangement for the transport of women in Y N Have they been able to return to place of origin to collect labour? Y N personal items? Are there mobile clinics in the area? Y N Constraints to Return (circle all that apply) Fighting Shelling Harassment Is ambulance service available? Y N Insecurity Recruitment Other______House destroyed House occupied HSZ Is anyone trained in first aid? Y N Land/Property Other______Lack of: Agricultural inputs Livestock If yes, do they have access to a first aid kit? Y N Livelihood Access to fishing Other______

May 14, 2007 version 3

GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF JAFFNA IDP COMMUNITIES

Durable Solutions Probation officers & CPRO Y N # Families Return_____ Resettlement_____ Integration_____ that prefer Child friendly space Y N Resettlement location? Mine risk education activities Y N

Other______Y N 8. PROTECTION # Incidents Date of since most recent Fencing Jan 2006 occurrence Is there fencing around perimeter of community? Y N Harassment How many ft / mt damaged or missing in perimeter? Arrests Type of Structure # Fenced # Need Repair Torture / physical abuse Bathing Security checks? Toilet If Security checks occur, who is targeted? Individual Shelters Abductions

Domestic violence Lighting Legal Type of Structure Have Lights? SGBV Connection?

Forced/ Underage recruitment Bathing structures Y N Y N

Child labour Toilets Y N Y N

Disappearances Main road / passageway Y N Y N

Killings Communal Spaces Y N Y N Individual Shelters Y N Y N Mines / Recent UXO victims How many? ______Is the community affected by being nearby any of the Fire Safety following? How many Fire Hazard Points in the community? Conflict areas Y N Assistance Needed: Training Buckets Other______

Military Camps Y N 10. FOOD AND NUTRITION Police Stations Y N Number of days since last food distribution: Paramilitary Camps Y N Quality of food received Good Moderate Bad Other armed groups Y N How Often? Agencies providing food assistance Free? (once, monthly) Within 100m of the coast Y N Govt (IDP ration) Y N Y N Mine fields Y N Govt (Samurdhi) Y N Y N

Govt / WFP Y N Y N 9. SAFETY & SECURITY INGOs/NGOs Y N Name:______Which of the following services are available in this community UNICEF (Biscuits) Y N Local Police / site security Y N Nutritional food for children Counseling services/ sexual gender-based violence Y N Y N Name: reporting Milk Powder Y N Legal assistance and representation Y N

May 14, 2007 version 4

GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF JAFFNA IDP COMMUNITIES

10. FOOD AND NUTRITION (Continued) Do people use any of the following coping mechanisms to get food? How often? Agencies providing food assistance Sell property Y N (once, monthly) ICRC Y N Sell jewelry Y N

Mother-child clinic Y N Pawn jewelry or other goods Y N

Schools Y N Borrow Y N

How many days does the food ration last? Work Y N If not long enough, how do people cope? Other (explain) Buying food with earned income Y N Firewood Collection Sharing food with family/neighbors Y N Type of firewood available How many minutes to walk/ Sufficient firewood Reduction in meal size Y N Y N cycle to collect firewood? available? Skipping meals Y N Mines/UXOs Harassment Problems while

Reduction in adult consumption Y N collecting: Attack Other______Other type of food reduction Y N If other type of coping mechanism, explain 11. LIVELIHOODS Over the past 2 months, average number of Main source of income before/after Aug ‘06 (by # Before After meals per day? of families): Please indicate AVAILABILITY and AFFORDABILITY in the market Remittances AVAILABLE AFFORDABLE Labouring Rice Y N Y N Agriculture Bread/ Wheat flour Y N Y N Fishing Dhal Y N Y N Livestock Fresh fish Y N Y N Service Provider/ Government/ Private worker Beef/ mutton/ pork Y N Y N Producers/ Small or medium enterprise trade Chicken Y N Y N Skilled labor (carpentry, mason, etc) Eggs Y N Y N Are there shops within the WFC / TAC? Y N Vegetables Y N Y N What type of work do women do? Fruit Y N Y N Do women do handicrafts for income? Y N Oil Y N Y N Daily labor rate for men: For women: Sugar Y N Y N Average # of working days per week, over last 2 months How many minutes to walk/cycle to nearest market? Agriculture How is cooking done? Communal Individual How much land do IDPs have access to INSIDE the

What are the available cooking facilities? camp perimeter (land size in lacha)? How much land do IDPs have access to OUTSIDE the Small stove? Y N Firewood? Y N camp perimeter (land size in lacha)? Source of cooking fuel: Purchased Gathered Distributed If they have access to land, could it be used by IDPs Y N for small agricultural activities? Do the people at this site have utensils for cooking Y N Are IDPs interested/ willing to do small agricultural (pots/ pans)? Y N activities? Is there an additional food supply for pregnant/ Y N lactating women? If they are not willing/interested then why not: Is there an additional food supply for young children Y N (<5 yrs)? Lack of skills Lack of inputs Other: ______# breastfeeding children # mothers unable

(0–23 months) in this community to breastfeed? How many children are receiving food supplements? May 14, 2007 version 5

GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF JAFFNA IDP COMMUNITIES

Living in this Attending 11. LIVELIHOODS (Continued) How many livestock did families own BEFORE location school NOW before / after Aug ’06? AUG ‘06 Number of 6-10 yr old children Cows Number of 11-18 yr old children Goats If NOT attending school, how long

since they last attended school? Buffalo Where are the schools that Inside Nearest Avg travel time the children attend? the camp village to walk/ cycle Chicken Primary Other: ______Secondary Fishing (last 2 months) Avg distance Pre-School Avg hours/day from shore Avg weekly Distance to Pre-school run by: income market Pre-school Type of boats Structure Furniture Other______Catamaran Plastic boat Trawler ______Assistance Needed allowed Do children have necessary school supplies? Y N # families belonging to fishing society School Items: Distributed By Enough for all? Threats / hazards faced when fishing Exercise books Y N

Uniforms Y N 12. EDUCATION Living in this Attending Stationery Y N

location school Recreational Activities

Number of pre-school age children (games, sports,

drama, etc)

Assessment Team Members

NOTES: (use section numbers)

May 14, 2007 version 6

WELFARE CENTRES IN

Vijaparimulai 50 49 51 47 Thondaimanaru 48 46 Thumpalai Valvetty West Poyiddy Kankesanturai Kerudavil Vathiri Nelladai Senthankulam Periyanaddutevanturai 66 Uduppiddy Alvai South 52 57 65 Thaiyiddi Mulavai Thampalai Karaveddy North Point Pedro Mathakalthurai Myliddy North Imayanan Ilavalai Kollankaladdy Idaikkadu North Munasai Mathagal Karanavai South Kathirippai Kallikai 28 Vilan Tholakaddy Vallai 64 68 Vasavila ruvadinilayam 62 67 Atchuvel Sandilipay 60 Thunnalai North 63 Thoppu Karaveddy 36 61 Maruthankerny Nelliyan 35 58 Chankanai West 26 59 27 Uduvil Navakkeeri Varaivayaipulo Kulam 56 54 alai 39 Sandilipay 16 40 Avarankai Varany North 34 Moolai 15 14 13 Kapputhoo 55 29 69 Kudathanai Karaiyoo 30 Kuppilan Achchelli 17 04 12 Kopay Antanantidai 53 32 31 07 05 Chankanai 21 10 Chiruppiddi 33 23 11 Urelu Vatharawathai ddukkoddai West 24 Uduvil 06 37 22 25 08 Idaikkurichchi 38 18 03 41 Ampan Koddaikkadu 09 42 43 Varany Ivattalai 19 20 01 45 Neerveli Navatkadu Araly 44 Navaly Tavadi Araly East Madduvil North Navatkadu Nanthavil Kopai North Araly South Anaicottai 02 Tavalai Kokkuvil Kopai South Irupalai Sarasalai South Vannarpannai South West Kallikadu Kodikamam Madduvil South Meesalai North Kodikamam Eluthumadduval N Kaitadi Kaithdi Nunavil Mirusuvi Jaffna Nunavil Nallur Vellampakkaddy Chavakachcheri Ussan Oddupeli Arialai Navatkuli Thatchchanthoppu Karaiyur Allarai Kachchai Eluthumaduduval Velanai Pasayur Koyilakkandi Palavi 0 Ketpeli 510 ankumpam Viddaltalpalai Main roads Arialai East Thanankilappu Cheddikadu Minor roads kilometers Alaipiddi Arukuveli

Mandaitivu High Security Zone, Welfare Centres and Temporary Accommodation Centres In Jaffna District

Vijaparimulai Thikkam 41 Alvai North Point Pedro 50 49 45 Thondaimanaru Alvai West Thumpalai Puloly West G Poyiddy Kankesanturai Kerudavil Kamparmalai Kottavattai H Nelladai Senthankulam Periyanaddutevanturai Uduppiddy Alvai South Maviddapuram Palai Thaiyiddi Palali 57 Navindil 52 Mulavai Thampalai Karaveddy North Point Pedro Mathakalthurai 65 Myliddy North Imayanan I J Tellippalai South West Idaikkadu D Munasai Mathagal Ilavalai Karanavai South Thunnalai North 66 Myliddy South E Tellippalai Kathirippai Kallikai Vilan Tholakaddy Vallai Vallipuram Varattalavilan Tellipallai 68 Thiruvadinilayam Pandattarippu Periyavilan Vasavila Atchuvel Mulli F 62 67 36 64 Karaveddy East 35 Sandilipay Alaveddi Thoppu Karaveddy Manatkadu 63 60 61 Nelliyan 58 Chankanai West 59 Makiyappiddy Navakkeeri Varaivayaipulo Kulam Kovalam Punnalai Sittankern Suravattai Sandilipay 15 56 34 Kantarodai Avarankai Varany North Thuruthupiddi 14 Kapputhoo 54 Moolai 39 13 Puthur East Kudathanai Kudathanai Karaiyoor Karainagar Valanthalai Sankuveli Kuppilan 53 29 40 17 Achchelli Kopay 30 12 Antanantidai Karainagar 31 33 Koddaikadu Kethuru 32 37 21 Uduvil05 10 Chankanai 38 23 07 04 11 Chiruppiddi Suryanpiddi Kaddudai25 06 Urelu Vatharawathai Maruthnkerny 24 03 Uduvil Koddodai Karunkali Vaddukkoddai West Thunavy 22 Idaikkurichchi 45 Ampan Koddaikkadu 18 08 Varany Ivattalai Urumpirai Suthumalai 43 19 Karaikkal 20 01 09 Neerveli Navatkadu Araly 44 Navaly 4241 T Karainagar East Araly East Tavadi Kayts West Kopai North Madduvil North Nanthavil Kudamian Kayts East Araly South Paratimunai U Nagarkovil Anaicottai Kopai South Tavalai 02 Kokkuvil Q P R O S Karampan Irupalai Sarasalai South Vannarpannai South West Kallikadu Kodikamam Madduvil South Meesalai North Eluthumadduval North Navanthurai Kanthermadam Kodikamam B A Kaitadi Kaithdi Nunavil V Mirusuvi Anaipanthi Chavakachcheri Kayts Jaffna Vannarpannai South East Kudarappu Nunavil L N M Meesalai South Vellampakkaddy C Nallur Chiviyatheru East Oddupeli Puliyankodai Chavakachcheri K Ussan Mamunai Arialai Navatkuli Thatchchanthoppu Karaiyur Allarai Kachchai West Kaithady Duruvil Velanai East Chempiyanpattu Valanai West Koyilakkandi Palavi Velanai West Velanai Ketpeli Maravanpulavu Viddaltalpalai Arialai East Thanankilappu Cheddikadu achchamunai Chem Alaipiddi Periya Iruppiddy Arukuveli

Koraikkundu Mandaitivu Ariyaripulam

Sinna Iruppiddy Madathuveli Parandathoddam Navathampirumkerni Parachivell Perunkadu South High Security Zone A - S Temporary Accommodation Centre Sothitholvu Main roads 1 - 68 Welfare Centres 0 5 10 DS division borders kilometers