A Transparência Do Buscador Google Como Direito Dos Consumidores Na Tutela Do Meio Ambiente Digital Doutorado Em Direito

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A Transparência Do Buscador Google Como Direito Dos Consumidores Na Tutela Do Meio Ambiente Digital Doutorado Em Direito PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO PUC/SP Carolina Ferreira Souza A TRANSPARÊNCIA DO BUSCADOR GOOGLE COMO DIREITO DOS CONSUMIDORES NA TUTELA DO MEIO AMBIENTE DIGITAL DOUTORADO EM DIREITO São Paulo 2018 1 PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO PUC/SP Carolina Ferreira Souza A TRANSPARÊNCIA DO BUSCADOR GOOGLE COMO DIREITO DOS CONSUMIDORES NA TUTELA DO MEIO AMBIENTE DIGITAL Projeto de tese apresentado à Comissão de Bolsa, como exigência parcial para a concessão da Bolsa de Estudos para o Curso de Doutorado em Direito da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo – PUC/SP (PEPGD), sob a Coordenação da Ilustríssima Senhora Professora Dra. Elizabeth Nazar Carrazza. Orientador: Prof.º Dr.º Gilson Delgado Miranda Área de Concentração do Programa: Direitos Difusos e Coletivos Linha de Pesquisa: Efetividade dos Direitos de Terceira Dimensão e Tutela da Coletividade, dos Povos e da Humanidade São Paulo 2018 2 ERRATA (SOUZA, Carolina Ferreira). (A TRANSPARÊNCIA DO BUSCADOR GOOGLE COMO DIREITO DOS CONSUMIDORES NA TUTELA DO MEIO AMBIENTE DIGITAL). (2018) (248). (Tese de Doutorado em Direito) – Programa de Estudos Pós- Graduados em Direito da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo – PUC/SP (2018). 1. Folha de rosto. 4º parágrafo, linhas 1 a 5: Onde se lê: “Projeto de tese apresentado à Comissão de Bolsa, como exigência parcial para a concessão da Bolsa de Estudos”, leia-se “Tese apresentada à Banca Examinadora da Pontifícia Universidade Católica como exigência parcial para obtenção do título de DOUTORA em Direito”. 2. Agradecimentos. 1º parágrafo, linha 1 e 2º parágrafo, linha 1: Onde se lê: “A CAPES”, leia-se “À CAPES”. Onde se lê: “A FUNDASP”, leia-se “À FUNDASP”. 3. Abstract. 1º parágrafo. Linha 13: Onde se lê: “of not authorinzing”, leia-se “of authorinzing”. 4. Página 23. 1º parágrafo, linha 30: Onde se lê: “contínuo. [...].”, leia-se “contínuo. [...] (grifo nosso). 5. Página 24. 1º parágrafo, linha 40: Onde se lê: “favelas”, leia-se “favelas (grifo nosso)”. 6. Página 25. 3º parágrafo, linha 39: Onde se lê: “História”, leia-se “Historia (grifo nosso)”. Banca Examinadora 3 Dedicatória Dedico este trabalho ao André, razão da minha vida, o companheiro que eu escolho todos os dias estar ao lado e que eu amo mais e mais. Dedico, ainda, à minha mãe, Carmen Lúcia, sempre presente, que me deixou as maiores lições de vida, entre elas a do amor incondicional. Ao meu pai pelo apoio de sempre. Aos meus irmãos, Gabriela, Júnior e Reginaldo e, em especial à minha sobrinha Naia, que chegou às vésperas do término desta pesquisa, ensolarando nossos dias. Dedico também aos meus amados sobrinhos, Neto, Luigi, Papito, Andrezinho e Ângela por serem tão especiais, alegrarem tanto a minha vida e por perdoarem minhas recentes ausências durante a elaboração deste trabalho. Dedico, por fim, aos meus primos-irmãos, Letícia e Douglas, por todo o amor, carinho e respeito. 4 Agradecimentos A CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) pela concessão da bolsa durante a realização deste Doutorado, conforme Processo nº 88887.148664/2017-00 A FUNDASP (Fundação São Paulo) pelo apoio durante o período do Doutorado. 5 Agradecimentos Ao meu orientador, Dr. Gilson Delgado Miranda, pela confiança e carinho, durante todo o decorrer do Doutorado. À todas as professoras e professores que me guiaram na atividade docente. Às minhas amigas Helga, Carla e Evelin, por essa amizade tão doada e por serem sempre inspirações para mim. A toda minha família e amigos que sempre me apoiaram em todas as jornadas e de quem estive não tão perto quanto gostaria. 6 Queremos saber O que vão fazer Com as novas invenções Queremos notícia mais séria Sobre a descoberta da antimatéria E suas implicações Na emancipação do homem Das grandes populações Homens pobres das cidades Das estepes, dos sertões Queremos saber Quando vamos ter Raio laser mais barato Queremos de fato um relato Retrato mais sério Do mistério da luz Luz do disco-voador Pra iluminação do homem Tão carente e sofredor Tão perdido na distância Da morada do Senhor Queremos saber Queremos viver Confiantes no futuro Por isso de faz necessário Prever qual o itinerário da ilusão a ilusão do poder pois se foi permitido ao homem tantas coisas conhecer é melhor que todos saibam o que pode acontecer queremos saber queremos saber todos queremos saber Queremos saber – Gilberto Gil 7 RESUMO O presente trabalho trata da falta de transparência do buscador Google, analisando-se quais os direitos dos consumidores usuários desse serviço são afetados, bem como o prejuízo causado ao equilíbrio do meio ambiente digital. A captação de dados e informações que circulam nas mais diferentes páginas, programas e aplicativos pertencentes às grandes corporações da rede está cada vez mais refinada e menos transparente. Além disso, o acesso aos dados e informações já existentes está sendo cada vez mais filtrado e direcionado para parceiros, anunciantes, de formas mais ou menos explícitas, dependendo do serviço prestado ou da página acessada. Desta forma, o tratamento que se deve reservar ao meio ambiente digital deve começar pela imediata e plena universalização do acesso à internet e aos seus dados em favor de todos, sem distinção ou privilégios, exclusões ou exceções, bem como pela transparência dos algoritmos que operam na rede através do aprendizado de máquina e outras formas de inteligência artificial, sob pena de, em não o sendo, autorizar os prejudicados pela inação estatal e/ou pela ação da especulação capitalista, a tomar as medidas administrativas e judiciais cabíveis e aplicáveis à espécie para a efetivação de seus direitos. A metodologia empregada valeu-se de revisão bibliográfica para análise dos dados obtidos, com a coleta de documentos textuais como: legislações, jurisprudências, doutrina pertinente, e publicações de caráter técnico, bem como análise de parte dos termos de uso e de políticas de dados do Google, a fim de se constatar a falta de transparência e o desrespeito aos direitos humanos e direitos do consumidor brasileiros e auxiliar na compreensão da problemática da mercantilização e parcialidade dos meios de comunicação digital. Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram que a legislação já existente é suficiente para a proteção dos consumidores usuários do serviço do buscador Google em diversos aspectos; entretanto, considera a possibilidade de uma nova legislação de proteção de dados como mais uma estratégia dentro do direito para a proteção dos direitos humanos à comunicar-se. Palavras-chave: Transparência. Buscador Google. Direito do consumidor. Meio ambiente digital. Internet. Usuário da internet. 8 ABSTRACT The present work deals with the lack of transparency of the Google search engine, analyzing what the rights of consumers users of this service are affected, as well as the damage caused to the balance of the digital environment. The capture of data and information circulating in the most different pages, programs and applications belonging to the large corporations of the network is increasingly refined and less transparent. In addition, access to existing data and information is increasingly being filtered and directed to partners, advertisers, in more or less explicit ways, depending on the service provided or the page accessed. In this way, the treatment that must be reserved for the digital environment must begin with the immediate and full universalization of Internet access and its data in favor of all without distinction or privileges, exclusions or exceptions, as well as the transparency of the algorithms that operate in the network through machine learning and other forms of artificial intelligence, under penalty of not authorizing those harmed by state inaction and / or by the action of capitalist speculation, to take the administrative and judicial measures applicable and applicable to the species for the realization of their rights. The methodology used was based on a bibliographic review to analyze the data obtained, with the collection of textual documents such as: legislation, jurisprudence, relevant doctrine, and publications of a technical nature, as well as an analysis of some of the terms of use and data policies of Google, in order to verify the lack of transparency and disrespect for human rights and Brazilian consumer rights and help in understanding the problem of commercialization and bias of the digital media. The results of the research indicated that the existing legislation is sufficient for the protection of consumers users of the Google search service in several aspects; however, considers the possibility of new data protection legislation as one more strategy within the law for the protection of human rights to communicate. Keywords: Transparency. Google search engine. Consumer law. Digital environment. Internet. User of the internet. 9 SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO ..............................................................................................................13 1 O MEIO AMBIENTE DIGITAL E A REDE COMO ESPAÇOS LIVRES: APRESENTANDO ALGUNS AXIOMAS ...................................................................16 1.1 O controle social, o biopoder e a sociedade de controle ........................................16 1.2 O ciberespaço e o meio ambiente digital: conceitos básicos ..................................30 1.2.1 Ciberespaço ...........................................................................................................30 1.2.2 Meio ambiente .......................................................................................................33
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