DOCSLIB.ORG

David P. Gamble Papers

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8vh5q3c No online items Finding Aid for the David P. Gamble papers Finding aid prepared by Jesse D. Ruskin in 2013 in the Center for Primary Research and Training (CFPRT), with assistance from Jillian Cuellar; machine-readable finding aid created by Caroline Cubé. UCLA Library Special Collections Room A1713, Charles E. Young Research Library Box 951575 Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1575 (310) 825-4988 [email protected] ©2013 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Finding Aid for the David P. 1997 1 Gamble papers Title: David P. Gamble papers Collection number: 1997 Contributing Institution: UCLA Library Special Collections Language of Material: English Physical Description: 68 linear ft.(54 record cartons, 32 document boxes, 3 flat boxes) Date (inclusive): 1920-2007 Abstract: Anthropologist David P. Gamble was born in 1920 in Northern Ireland and passed away in California in 2011 after a long career of research and teaching. The collection contains a variety of material related to Gamble’s more than six decades of work on The Gambia and its peoples. Copies of the anthropologist’s publications on Gambian history, economics, languages, and cultures are included, along with many of the notes, maps, illustrations, primary sources, and secondary sources from which he generated these studies. Gamble’s output was wide-ranging, but of special note are his contributions to the bibliography of The Gambia; the ethno-linguistic study of Wolof, Mandinka, and Fula; and the early history of the Gambia River region. Language of Materials: Materials are primarily in English and French; some materials in Wolof, Mandinka, Fula, and Jola. Physical Location: Stored off-site at SRLF. Advance notice is required for access to the collection. Please contact the UCLA Library Special Collections Reference Desk for paging information. Creator: Gamble, David P. Restrictions on Access COLLECTION STORED OFF-SITE AT SRLF: Open for research. Advance notice required for access. Contact the UCLA Library Special Collections Reference Desk for paging information. Restrictions on Use and Reproduction Property rights to the physical object belong to the UCLA Library Special Collections. Literary rights, including copyright, are retained by the creators and their heirs. It is the responsibility of the researcher to determine who holds the copyright and pursue the copyright owner or his or her heir for permission to publish where The UC Regents do not hold the copyright. Preferred Citation [Identification of item], David P. Gamble papers (Collection 1997). Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, UCLA. UCLA Catalog Record ID UCLA Catalog Record ID: 7001942 Provenance/Source of Acquisition Collection acquired from David P. Gamble and Linda K. Salmon between 2011 and 2012. Processing Information Processed by Jesse D. Ruskin in 2013 in the Center for Primary Research and Training (CFPRT), with assistance from Jillian Cuellar. Collection has been partially processed. Series 1 to 6 have been processed to the file level, with books and photo clippings processed to the box level. Series 7 to 12 have not been processed, but general content of each box has been indicated. Biography/History David P. Gamble was born in 1920 in Northern Ireland and passed away in California in 2011 after a long career of anthropological research and teaching. Completing his undergraduate studies at University College, London in 1941, Gamble spent several years assisting with archaeological and physical studies of highland communities in Northern Ireland. After a brief stint in the Royal Engineers, he joined the Colonial Administrative Service in 1944 in the Gold Coast (now Ghana), taking up posts in Tarkwa, Axim, and Sekondi. At that time, Gamble’s academic supervisor Daryll Forde, who was then Director of the International African Institute, began conceiving a series of studies, later known as the Ethnographic Survey of Africa, which aimed to fill wide gaps in ethnographic knowledge of the continent. The Gambia was viewed as a site in need of research. Gamble’s other mentor, economic anthropologist Raymond Firth, also conducted a survey of what was then British West Africa and came to the same conclusion. At Forde’s and Firth’s urging, Gamble conducted field research among Mandinka, Wolof, Jola, and Fula communities in The Gambia between 1946 and 1958, initially with the support of a Colonial Research Fellowship and later as a Research Officer under The Gambia Government. With a dissertation on the socioeconomic conditions of the Mandinka village Kerewan, Gamble earned his Ph.D. in anthropology from the University of London in 1958. The anthropologist returned to The Gambia for research numerous times between 1963 and 1986. Published in 1967, Gamble’s The Wolof of Senegambia, Together with Notes on the Lebu and the Serer became a valuable addition to Forde’s Ethnographic Survey. Among many other publications, Gamble produced a Finding Aid for the David P. 1997 2 Gamble papers 52-volume series of studies on Gambian history, society, and culture, titled Gambian Studies (1977-2007). In 1999, as a culmination of his work on early Gambian history, Gamble edited a scholarly edition of The Discovery of River Gambra (1623) by Richard Jobson. Gamble began his academic career with teaching and research appointments at the University of Edinburgh (1959-1963), San Francisco State College (1963-1965), Queen’s University Belfast (1965-1966), and Njala University College in Sierra Leone (1966-1967). In 1967, he became Associate Professor of Anthropology at San Francisco State University, from which he retired as a tenured Professor in 1986. He remained Professor Emeritus there until his death in 2011. Scope and Content The collection contains original and secondary material related to Gamble’s more than six decades of research on The Gambia and its peoples. This includes original notes, illustrations, maps, photographs, and correspondence produced during the anthropologist’s extensive fieldwork among Mandinka, Wolof, Jola, and Fula communities in The Gambia. Copies of the anthropologist’s publications on Gambian history, economics, languages, and cultures are included, along with many of the primary and secondary sources, including newspapers, photocopies of documents, books and periodicals, and government reports, from which he generated these studies. At the heart of Gamble’s corpus of published work is his monumental 52-volume Gambian Studies series, a complete set of which is held in the collection. Gambian Studies is comprised of bibliographies of The Gambia; dictionaries and grammars of Wolof, Mandinka, and Fula languages; collections of folktales, stories, and proverbs; studies of historical sources; and general ethnographies of the country’s people. Gamble’s research is topically wide-ranging and methodologically diverse, reflecting the influence of his mentors and his own eclectic expertise. Geographically, his work focuses on The Gambia, but extends to Senegal and Sierra Leone. Topics and issues covered include trade, agriculture, land tenure, law and legal systems, folklore, material culture, verbal and visual culture, language, life-cycle ceremonies, music, and the colonial encounter. Methods included mapping, census-taking, field observation, photography, sound recording, analysis of historical documents, and interviews. Gamble treated research projects iteratively, revisiting ideas and sources numerous times over the course of his career. Date ranges of accumulated research material can therefore be quite wide within a single subject area. Gamble’s publications are, in many cases, present in both final and draft manuscript forms. Organization and Arrangement This collection has been arranged in twelve series by subject matter and type of material. Series 1: Personal materials, 1920-2000 Series 2: Wolof research materials, 1920-2007 Series 3: Mandinka research materials, 1940-2006 Series 4: The Gambia research materials, 1920-2007 Series 5: Senegambian music, 1975-2004 Series 6: Photographs, 1920-2007 Subseries 6.1: Photo prints and negatives Subseries 6.2: Photo clippings Series 7: Fula research materials, 1920-2007 Series 8: Jola, Lebu, Serer, and Serahuli research materials, 1920-2007 Series 9: Sierra Leone / Temne research materials, 1920-2007 Series 10: Gambian Studies Series, 1976-2007 Series 11: Gambian newspapers and periodicals, ca. 1960-2004 Series 12: Books and theses, 1920-2007 Subseries 12.1: Theses, 1967-1994 Subseries 12.2: Books, 1920-2007 Indexing Terms The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the library's online public access catalog. Subjects Gamble, David P. --Archives. San Francisco State University. Department of Anthropology --Faculty --Archival resources. Anthropologists --United States --Archival resources. Gambia --Social life and customs. Gambia --Description and travel. Finding Aid for the David P. 1997 3 Gamble papers Genres and Forms of Material manuscripts for publication. photographs. Related Material Gamble’s sound recordings and slide photographs, as well as his original collection indexes, are held in the UCLA Ethnomusicology Archive: David P. Gamble Collection (2011.08). Selected volumes of Gamble’s Gambian Studies series are available for download through St. Mary’s College of Maryland: http://www.smcm.edu/gambia/david_gamble.html Series 1: Personal materials. 1920-2000. Scope and Content This series is comprised of materials
Recommended publications
  • The Gambia National Transport Policy (2018-2027)

    The Gambia National Transport Policy (2018-2027)

    THE GAMBIA NATIONAL TRANSPORT POLICY (2018-2027) DECEMBER, 2017 THE GAMBIA NATIONAL TRANSPORT POLICY – 2018-2027 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES………. ....................................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND .........................................................................1 1.1 Transport Sector .............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Country Profile - Physical and Geographic Features ....................................................... 2 1.3 Overview of the National Economy ................................................................................. 3 1.4 Population and Poverty - Impact on the Transport System ............................................ 3 1.5 Role and Challenges of the Transport Sector ................................................................. 4 1.6 Sector Development Context .......................................................................................... 5 1.7 The Strategic Context of the National Transport Policy .................................................. 5 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL TRANSPORT POLICY (1998- 2006) ......................................................................................................................6
  • Mali Overview Print Page Close Window

    Mali Overview Print Page Close Window

    World Directory of Minorities Africa MRG Directory –> Mali –> Mali Overview Print Page Close Window Mali Overview Environment Peoples History Governance Current state of minorities and indigenous peoples Environment The Republic of Mali is a landlocked state in West Africa that extends into the Sahara Desert in the north, where its north-eastern border with Algeria begins. A long border with Mauritania extends from the north, then juts west to Senegal. In the west, Mali borders Senegal and Guinea; to the south, Côte d'Ivoire; to the south-east Burkina Faso, and in the east, Niger. The country straddles the Sahara and Sahel, home primarily to nomadic herders, and the less-arid south, predominately populated by farming peoples. The Niger River arches through southern and central Mali, where it feeds sizeable lakes. The Senegal river is an important resource in the west. Mali has mineral resources, notably gold and phosphorous. Peoples Main languages: French (official), Bambara, Fulfulde (Peulh), Songhai, Tamasheq. Main religions: Islam (90%), traditional religions (6%), Christian (4%). Main minority groups: Peulh (also called Fula or Fulani) 1.4 million (11%), Senoufo and Minianka 1.2 million (9.6%), Soninké (Saracolé) 875,000 (7%), Songhai 875,000 (7%), Tuareg and Maure 625,000 (5%), Dogon 550,000 (4.4%) Bozo 350,000 (2.8%), Diawara 125,000 (1%), Xaasongaxango (Khassonke) 120,000 (1%). [Note: The percentages for Peulh, Soninke, Manding (mentioned below), Songhai, and Tuareg and Maure, as well as those for religion in Mali, come from the U.S. State Department background note on Mali, 2007; Data for Senoufo and Minianka groups comes from Ethnologue - some from 2000 and some from 1991; for Dogon from Ethnologue, 1998; for Diawara and Xaasonggaxango from Ethnologue 1991; Percentages are converted to numbers and vice-versa using the State Department's 2007 estimated total population of 12.5 million.] Around half of Mali's population consists of Manding (or Mandé) peoples, including the Bambara (Bamana) and the Malinké.
  • Cloth, Commerce and History in Western Africa 1700-1850

    Cloth, Commerce and History in Western Africa 1700-1850

    The Texture of Change: Cloth, Commerce and History in Western Africa 1700-1850 The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Benjamin, Jody A. 2016. The Texture of Change: Cloth, Commerce and History in Western Africa 1700-1850. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493374 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Texture of Change: Cloth Commerce and History in West Africa, 1700-1850 A dissertation presented by Jody A. Benjamin to The Department of African and African American Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of African and African American Studies Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts May 2016 © 2016 Jody A. Benjamin All rights reserved. Dissertation Adviser: Professor Emmanuel Akyeampong Jody A. Benjamin The Texture of Change: Cloth Commerce and History in West Africa, 1700-1850 Abstract This study re-examines historical change in western Africa during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries through the lens of cotton textiles; that is by focusing on the production, exchange and consumption of cotton cloth, including the evolution of clothing practices, through which the region interacted with other parts of the world. It advances a recent scholarly emphasis to re-assert the centrality of African societies to the history of the early modern trade diasporas that shaped developments around the Atlantic Ocean.
  • Finding Cognates in “South Atlantic”

    Finding Cognates in “South Atlantic”

    1 Michael Schulze Linguistic Colloquium, 29/06/2021 PhD student Seminar für Afrikawissenschaften Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Finding cognates in “South Atlantic” 1 Introduction 1.1 Background of this study PhD project: - historical-comparative reconstruction of the nominal classification systems in the Mel languages1 - dissertation embedded in the project “Noun classification systems in Africa between gender and nominal declension” at Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, funded by the “Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft” and headed by Tom Güldemann (see Güldemann 2016) 1.2 The Mel languages within “South Atlantic” 1.2.1 “South Atlantic” Countries: Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia (see Eberhard et al. 2021) Traditional classification (adapted from Sapir 1971: 49): Niger-Congo Atlantic South Atlantic A. Sua B. Mel (including Gola) C. Limba Figure 1: External and internal classification of “South Atlantic” 1 Funding of the dissertation project: ‘Elsa-Neumann-Stipendium des Landes Berlin’ and ‘Deutsche Universitätsstiftung (Gerda-Henkel-Stipendium)’ 2 1.2.2 Mel - internal classification of Mel: two Branches (Northern Mel and Southern Mel), excluding Gola (adapted from Hammarström et al. 2021) Northern Mel Baga Koba Baga Manduri Baga Sitemu Landuma Temne Southern Mel Bullom Northern Bullom Bom-Kim (with Krim as a dialect) Bullom So (aka Mani, see Childs 2011) Sherbro Kisi Northern Kisi Southern Kisi Figure 2: Internal classification of the Mel languages 1.3 Goals and methods of this talk - The identification of cognate
  • MOROCCO and ECOWAS: Picking Cherries and 32 Dismantling Core Principles

    MOROCCO and ECOWAS: Picking Cherries and 32 Dismantling Core Principles

    www.westafricaninsight.org V ol 5. No 2. 2017 ISSN 2006-1544 WestIAN fSrI iGcHaT MOROCCO’s ACCESSION TO ECOWAS Centre for Democracy and Development TABLE OF CONTENTS Editorial 2 ECOWAS Expansion Versus Integration: Dynamics and Realities 3 ISSUES AND OPTIONS In Morocco's Quest to 11 join the ECOWAS THE ACCESSION of The Kingdom of Morocco to the Economic Community 20 of West African States MOROCCO‟s APPLICATION TO JOIN ECOWAS: A SOFT-POWER ANALYSIS 27 MOROCCO AND ECOWAS: Picking Cherries and 32 Dismantling Core Principles Centre for Democracy and Development W ebsit e: www .cddw estafrica.or g 16, A7 Street, Mount Pleasant Estate, : [email protected] Jabi-Airport Road, Mbora District, : @CDDWestAfrica Abuja, FCT. P.O.Box 14385 www.facebook.com 234 7098212524 Centr efor democracy .anddev elopment Kindly send us your feed back on this edition via: [email protected] Cover picture source: Other pictures source: Internet The Centre for Democracy and Development and the Open Society Initiative for West Africa are not responsible for the views expressed in this publication Chukwuemeka Eze makes the argument that Editorial Morocco's application to join ECOWAS is moved by his December, the Economic Community of self-interest. Morocco is seeking to position itself as a West African States (ECOWAS) has to decide continental power sitting at the top of the political whether Morocco's application to join should and economic table in Africa. By joining ECOWAS T Morocco would have additional opportunities and be accepted or thrown out. Jibrin Ibrahim makes the case that ECOWAS should not allow itself to be benefits in the international community and would stampeded into accepting Morocco into its fold also benefit from the Arab League quota as well as without thinking through the implications for its core West African quota.
  • The Gambia Transport Sector Diagnostic Study

    The Gambia Transport Sector Diagnostic Study

    The Gambia Transport Sector Diagnostic Study Transport, Urban Development and ICT Department The Gambia Transport Sector Diagnostic Study Transport, Urban Development and ICT Department FOREWORD This report was prepared by the Transport, Urban Development and ICT Department (OITC), under the supervision and gui- dance of Mr. Jean Kizito Kabanguka, Manager, Transport Division 1. The assignment was managed by Mr. Aaron Mwila, Senior Transport Engineer (OITC). The report was drafted by Mr. Micah Olaseni Ajijo (Consultant Transport Economist) with contributions of several experts in the Transport and ICT Department who reviewed the draft and provided valuable comments, data and information. Special thanks also go to Government of the Republic of The Gambia for providing the Bank Team maximum support in finalizing this report. THE GAMBIA : Transport Sector Diagnostic Study Abbreviations and Acronyms ..................................................................................................................................................................................................V Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... VI I - The sector development context.....................................................................................................................1 1.1. The Geographic and Demographic Factors .............................................................................................................................................1
  • Focus in Atlantic Languages Stéphane Robert

    Focus in Atlantic Languages Stéphane Robert

    Focus in Atlantic languages Stéphane Robert To cite this version: Stéphane Robert. Focus in Atlantic languages. Ines Fiedler and Anne Schwarz. The Expression of Information Structure. A documentation of its diversity across Africa., John Benjamins, pp.233-260, 2010, Typological Studies in Language 91, 10.1075/tsl.91.09rob. halshs-00724855 HAL Id: halshs-00724855 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00724855 Submitted on 2 Mar 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 In Fiedler, Ines and Anne Schwarz (eds.), 2010, The Expression of Information Structure. A documentation of its diversity across Africa. Amsterdam: John Benjamins: 233-260 [Typological Studies in Language 91]. https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.91.09rob Prefinal version Focus in Atlantic languages Stéphane ROBERT LLACAN, INALCO, CNRS stephane.robert@ cnrs.fr Abstract: This paper presents an overview of the formal markings characteristic of focus in Atlantic languages and reflection on some problematic uses of focused forms. A common (but not universal) feature of these languages is the use of verb morphology (in various ways) to express focus. What is most remarkable in several Atlantic languages (and apparently specific to this group) is that (1) verb forms indicate the syntactic status of the focused constituent; (2) these verb forms often merge focus, aspect, and voice features.
  • Africa Report, Nr. 110: Somaliland

    Africa Report, Nr. 110: Somaliland

    SOMALILAND: TIME FOR AFRICAN UNION LEADERSHIP Africa Report N°110 – 23 May 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. SOMALIA, SOMALILAND AND THE AFRICAN UNION..................................... 1 A. SOMALILAND’S APPLICATION ...............................................................................................2 B. CONTESTED SOVEREIGNTY ...................................................................................................2 II. THE INDEPENDENCE CLAIM .................................................................................. 4 A. FROM SEPARATE STATEHOOD TO DYSFUNCTIONAL UNITY ...................................................4 B. DICTATORSHIP, HUMAN RIGHTS AND REBELLION.................................................................5 C. SOMALILAND NATIONALISM: FROM PLATFORM TO IDENTITY ...............................................6 D. CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY ............................................................................................7 E. THE DISPUTED TERRITORIES.................................................................................................8 III. SOMALILAND AND THE AFRICAN UNION........................................................ 10 A. STATEHOOD AND RECOGNITION..........................................................................................10 1. The Montevideo criteria...........................................................................................10 2. The declaratory school.............................................................................................11
  • The Evolution of Linguistic Diversity

    The Evolution of Linguistic Diversity

    The Evolution of Linguistic Diversity Daniel Nettle Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD University College London 1996 ProQuest Number: 10044366 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10044366 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ABSTRACT This thesis examines the causes and consequences of diversity in human language. It is divided into three sections, each of which addresses a different aspect of the topic. The first section uses computer simulations to examine various mechanisms which may produce diversity in language: imperfect learning, geographical isolation, selection on the basis of social affiliation, and functional selection amongst linguistic variants. It is concluded that social and functional selection by speakers provide the main motive forces for the divergence of languages. The second section examines the factors influencing the geographical distribution of languages in the world. By far the most important is the ecological regime in which people live. Seasonal climates produce large ethnolinguistic groups because people form large networks of exchange to mitigate the subsistence risk to which they are exposed.
  • PLIV-M-Paper 05.Pdf

    PLIV-M-Paper 05.Pdf

    Publication series of Professorship for Global Supply chain Management Chair Holder: Prof. Dr. Aseem Kinra Decision making on allocation of Covid-19 Vaccines in Africa Acay, Deren; Bagci, Elif; Dietrich, Simon; Jahandar, Behnam; Neumann, Fabian Year 2021 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Assem Kinra | Debarshee Bhardwaj Declaration of Authorship We hereby declare that this elaboration submitted is our own unaided work. All direct or indirect sources used are acknowledged as references. We are aware that this elaboration in digital form can be examined for the use of unauthorized aid and in order to determine whether this elaboration as a whole or parts incorporated in it may be deemed as plagiarism. For the comparison of my work with existing sources, we agree that it shall be entered in a database where it shall also remain after examination, to enable comparison with future elaborations submitted. Further rights of reproduction and usage, however, are not granted here. This paper was not previously presented to another examination board and has not been published. Bremen, 25/2/2021 City, Date Deren Acay, Elif Bagci, Simon Dietrich, Behnam Jahandar, Fabian Neumann II Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................... I LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................. II LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................
  • The Place of African Traditional Religion in Interreligious Encounters in Sierra Leone Since the Advent of Islam and Christianity

    The Place of African Traditional Religion in Interreligious Encounters in Sierra Leone Since the Advent of Islam and Christianity

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Unisa Institutional Repository THE PLACE OF AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION IN INTERRELIGIOUS ENCOUNTERS IN SIERRA LEONE SINCE THE ADVENT OF ISLAM AND CHRISTIANITY by PRINCE SORIE CONTEH submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY In the subject RELIGIOUS STUDIES at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA PROMOTER: PROF G J A LUBBE APRIL 2008 i TABLE OF CONTENTS SIGNED DECLARATION ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS x SUMMARY xi KEY WORDS AND PHRASES xv CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Objectives 3 1.2 Methodological Approach 4 1.2.1 Field work 6 1.3 Past and Present Academic Context 9 1.4 Literature Review 10 1.5 Socio-History of Sierra Leone 20 1.6 Outline 21 CHAPTER 2 Fundamental Tenets and Practices of Sierra Leone Indigenous Religion (SLIR) and Culture 25 2.1 Introduction 25 2.2 Meeting our Subjects 26 2.2.1 The Mende 26 2.2.2 The Temne 27 2.2.3 The Limba 28 2.2.4 The Kono 29 2.2.5 The Krio 30 2.2.6 Common Cultural Straits 31 ii 2.3 Sources of SLIR 34 2.3.1 Oral Tradition 34 2.3.2 Forms of Art 35 2.4 Components of SLIR 37 2.3.1 The Supreme Being 37 2.3.1.1 Names of God 38 2.3.1.2 God Lives Above 41 2.3.1.3 God’s Intrinsic Attributes 43 2.3.1.3.1 Omnipotence 43 2.3.1.3.2 Omnipresence 45 2.3.1.3.3 Omniscience 45 2.3.1.3.4 All-seeing God 46 2.3.1.4 Activities of God 46 2.3.1.4.1 Creator 46 2.3.1.4.2 God as Ruler 48 2.3.1.5 The Worship of God 49 2.3.2 Lesser Gods/Deities 50 2.3.3 Angels 52 2.3.4 Ancestral Spirits 53 2.3.4.1
  • Cape Verde Islands, C. 1500–1879

    Cape Verde Islands, C. 1500–1879

    TRANSFORMATION OF “OLD” SLAVERY INTO ATLANTIC SLAVERY: CAPE VERDE ISLANDS, C. 1500–1879 By Lumumba Hamilcar Shabaka A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of History- Doctor of Philosophy 2013 ABSTRACT TRANSFORMATION OF “OLD” SLAVERY INTO ATLANTIC SLAVERY: CAPE VERDE ISLANDS, C. 1500–1879 By Lumumba Hamilcar Shabaka This dissertation explores how the Atlantic slave trade integrated the Cape Verde archipelago into the cultural, economic, and political milieu of Upper Guinea Coast between 1500 and 1879. The archipelago is about 300 miles off the coast of Senegal, West Africa. The Portuguese colonized the “uninhabited” archipelago in 1460 and soon began trading with the mainland for slaves and black African slaves became the majority, resulting in the first racialized Atlantic slave society. Despite cultural changes, I argue that cultural practices by the lower classes, both slaves and freed slaves, were quintessentially “Guinean.” Regional fashion and dress developed between the archipelago and mainland with adorning and social use of panu (cotton cloth). In particular, I argue Afro-feminine aesthetics developed in the islands by freed black women that had counterparts in the mainland, rather than mere creolization. Moreover, the study explores the social instability in the islands that led to the exile of liberated slaves, slaves, and the poor, the majority of whom were of African descent as part of the Portuguese efforts to organize the Atlantic slave trade in the Upper th Guinea Coast. With the abolition of slavery in Cape Verde in the 19 century, Portugal used freed slaves and the poor as foot soldiers and a labor force to consolidate “Portuguese Guinea.” Many freed slaves resisted this mandatory service.