City Diplomacy"

LETTER FROM THE INTRODUCING OUR EDITOR SUMMER/FALL 2017 ISSUE: ISSUE 18, SUMMER/FALL 2017 “CITY DIPLOMACY" ormer U.S. Speaker of the House Tip O’Neil and Shanghai as it is between Washington and Beijing. once commented that “all politics is local.” This issue of Public Diplomacy Magazine FDiplomacy, on the other hand, has traditionally examines the growth of city diplomacy, and inves- been conducted at the state level, with local actors tigates both the limitations and potential of cities to playing a supporting, if any, role. But that is quickly influence national and international dialogues. Our changing. In an age when populist national govern- contributors cover a range of topics, from the role of ments have turned inward and abdicated many of their cities in creating cultural movements to the impor- global responsibilities, mayors and other local players tance of cities in combatting climate change and have filled the diplomatic void. Never was this more violent extremism. Our selection of this theme apparent than in the immediate aftermath of President emerged from discussions with staff members who felt Donald Trump’s decision to withdraw the United that city diplomacy was both a timely and yet largely States from the Paris climate accord, when mayors understudied topic. It is our hope that this issue shines across the country, including many Republicans, some light on the broader discourse. publicly reaffirmed their commitment to meet the We would like to express our deep gratitude global emission reduction targets set in Paris—with to our authors for their contributions and patience or without the support of Washington. This is but one throughout this process. In addition, we would like to example of city and regional governments taking a thank the USC Center on Public Diplomacy, the USC leadership position on issues that used to be solely Dornsife School of International Relations, and the under the purview of the state, a trend that highlights USC Master of Public Diplomacy program for their the growing importance of “city diplomacy.” continued support of Public Diplomacy Magazine. City diplomacy is not new; it is a concept I would also like to personally thank the 2016-2017 that has existed in some form for centuries. But only Public Diplomacy Magazine staff for their hard work recently has city diplomacy entered the popular lex- over the past year, and wish the best of luck to the icon of international relations and public diplomacy incoming Editor-in-Chief, Justin Chapman, and the scholars as a result of two divergent trends: the growth new 2017-2018 staff. of megacities and the rise of populism. As nationalist movements from the United Kingdom to the United States have undermined the post-war international order, cities are increasingly bypassing national and state-based organizations to create city-based global Bret Schafer networks. This is especially true in the realm of public Editor-in-Chief diplomacy. While hard power continues to be wielded almost exclusively at the state level, soft power is a product of people who, in ever increasing numbers, are residing in cities. Now, coordination on many issues is just as likely to occur between Los Angeles LETTER FROM THE EDITOR SUMMER/FALL 2017 1 CITY DIPLOMACY EDITORIAL BOARD EDITOR-IN-CHIEF LAYOUT EDITORS Bret Schafer Yasmin Davis Bret Schafer MANAGING EDITOR Justin Chapman PRODUCTION Nick Salata, Chromatic. Inc SUBMISSIONS EDITOR Maria Lattouf Abou Atmi FACULTY ADVISORY BOARD Nicholas J. Cull, Director, Master of Public STAFF EDITORS Diplomacy Program, USC Matthew L. Essex Jian (Jay) Wang, Director, USC Center on Pub- Michael Arda Karakash lic Diplomacy Lacey Szczepanik Philip Seib, Vice Dean, USC Annenberg School Yesenia Vargas for Communication and Journalism COVER DESIGN EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS Valery Zhukova Wayne Sandholtz, Director, School of Inter- national Relations, USC Sherine Badawi Walton, Deputy Director, USC Center on Public Diplomacy INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD Sean Aday, Director, Institute for Public Diplomacy and Global Communication; Associate Professor of Media, Public Affairs, & International Affairs, George Washington University Simon Anholt, Editor Emeritus, Journal of Place Branding & Public Diplomacy Geoffrey Cowan, Professor, Annenberg Family Chair in Communication Leadership, USC Harris Diamond, CEO, McCann Erickson Pamela Falk, Foreign Affairs Analyst & Resident UN Correspondent, CBS News Kathy R. Fitzpatrick, Professor, Associate Dean for Graduate Programs & Research School of Journalism & Mass Communication, Florida International University Eytan Gilboa, Professor of International Communication, Bar-Ilan University Howard Gillman Provost and Executive Vice Chancellor, University of California, Irvine Guy Golan, Associate Professor of Public Relations/Public Diplomacy, S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communi- cations, Syracuse University Cari Guittard, Principal, Global Engagement Partners; Adjunct Faculty, Hult IBS & USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism Markos Kunoalakis, President & Publisher Emeritus, Washington Monthly William A. Rugh, U.S. Foreign Service (Ret.) Crocker Snow, Edward R. Murrow Center for Public Diplomacy, Tufts University Nancy Snow, Professor Emeritus, California State University, Fullerton; Pax Mundi Professor of Public Diploma- cy, Kyoto University of Foreign Studies; Media and Public Affairs Advisor, Langley Esquire, okyoT Abiodun Williams, President, Hague Institute for Global Justice Ernest J. Wilson III, former Dean of USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism; Founder of Third Space Institute CONTRIBUTORS 2 PUBLIC DIPLOMACY MAGAZINE SUMMER/FALL 2017 3 ADVERSARIAL STATES TABLE OF CONTENTS OVERVIEW CULTURE IMMIGRATION GOVERNANCE 9 City Diplomacy in the Age of Brexit 27 On Public (and Private) Tango 49 Revitalizing the Rust Belt: An 65 101 for Amman: An Interview and Trump Diplomacy Interview with Steve Tobocman with Nabeel Abu Ata By Benjamin Leffel and Michele Acuto By Melissa Fitch Interviewed by Bret Schafer Interviewed by Maria Lattouf Abou Atmi CITY NETWORKS SPORTS CITY BRANDING IN MEMORIAM 15 City Diplomacy and Urban 33 Game On? Public Diplomacy of Difference the Olympic Bid 55 Branding Vilnius 71 Ben Barber: An Appreciation By Sam Tabory By Aaron Beacom By Darius Udrys By Nicholas J. Cull 19 Let the First Strike be a Knock at 39 LA 2028: An Interview with LA 61 Positioning Brisbane as a New the Door Bid Committee CEO Gene Sykes World City: An Interview with By Mary Kane Interviewed by Justin Chapman John Aitken Interviewed by Matthew L. Essex SECURITY CLIMATE 23 The Role of Cities in Countering 43 Trump’s Withdrawal from the Violent Extremism Paris Agreement Shines Light on City By Mike Duffin Climate Leadership By Emmanuelle Pinault and Agathe Cavicchioli Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of Public Photo by Andrew Collins on Unsplash Diplomacy Magazine. TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 PUBLIC DIPLOMACY MAGAZINE SUMMER/FALL 2017 5 CITY DIPLOMACY Melissa Fitch is a university distinguished professor of Latin American cultural studies at the University of Arizona. She is the author of Global Tangos: Travels in the Transnational Imaginary and Side Dishes: Latin/a American Women, Sex and Cultural Produc- tion. She is editor-in-chief of the journal Studies in Latin American Popular Culture and CONTRIBUTORS has served as a Fulbright scholar at the Chinese University of Hong Kong in Shatin, SAR, China (2011-12) and at Jawaharlal Nehru University in Delhi, India (2017). Nabeel Abu-Ata is the founder of 101 for Amman. Nabeel also served as secretary Mary Kane is the president and CEO of Sister Cities International. Prior to joining general of the Jordan Basketball Federation and was in charge of launching the first Sister Cities International, she was an executive director with the U.S. Chamber of marathon in Amman. He earned his bachelor’s and master’s degrees in Industrial En- Commerce, where she was responsible for identifying and building business gineering and Operations Management from the University of Michigan-Ann Arbor and partnerships and strategic alliances for the Chamber. Before joining the Chamber, Ms. a Master in Public Administration from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. Kane was the secretary of state in Maryland and a former assistant state’s attorney. Michele Acuto is the director of the City Leadership Laboratory at University Benjamin Leffel is a Sociology Ph.D. student at the University of California Irvine, College London (UCL), where he is a professor of Diplomacy & Urban Theory in the is director of research for the Tai Initiative, and specializes in global city networking, Department of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Public Policy (UCL STEaPP). subnational diplomacy and U.S.-China relations. His work on subnational diplomacy Michele is a senior fellow of the Chicago Council on Global Affairs and a Fellow of the has informed the work of the British Government Office for Science, the U.S. Programme for the Future of Cities at the University of Oxford. Department of State, and U.S. local governments. John Aitken is the former chief executive officer of Brisbane Marketing, the city’s Emmanuelle Pinault serves as the head of City Diplomacy – Political Engagement economic development board. He is currently the managing director of Inspiring Cities, at C40. In this role, she is responsible for assessing and implementing C40’s city an international consultancy providing city governments, investors, asset owners, diplomacy strategy in the climate global political agenda, as well as engaging C40 precincts and districts, operators and businesses insights and advice on how to member cities into the Compact of Mayors. Prior to joining C40, she worked for twelve compete and trade globally. years as an independent consultant on international relations and cooperation with national and local governments in Africa and Latin America. Aaron Beacom is a reader in Sport and International Relations at University of St. Gene Sykes is the chief executive officer of LA 2028 and supervises all aspects of the Mark and St. John, Plymouth Devon UK. He holds a Ph.D.

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