Characteristics of the Relative Sea Level in Abu-Qir Bay, Alexandria, Egypt

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Characteristics of the Relative Sea Level in Abu-Qir Bay, Alexandria, Egypt JKAU: Mar. Sci., Vol. 29 No. 1 pp: 21-36 (1441 A.H. 2019 /A.D ) DOI :10.4197/Mar.29-1.2 Characteristics of the Relative Sea Level in Abu-Qir Bay, Alexandria, Egypt Mohammed Ahmed Said, Tariq EL-Gesiry, Zainab Morsi National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries Abstract. hourly water level variations at Abu-Qir Bay were studied over 21 years. The levels were highly seasonal with a mean of 0.47m, and a rising rate of 6mm/yr. Tides are of semidiurnal type and of low amplitudes. No extreme sea level year was detected. Statistical analysis of surge heights was obtained. The estimation of flooding risks was determined. The design risk factor and return values of important water levels were calculated. An empirical relationship for the different water levels frequency of occurrence stated that the high water level of 3m might be exceeded once in 100 years. Keywords: Relative sea level, Abu-Qir Bay, Astronomical tides, Surges, Return periods, Flooding risk Introduction environmental pressures. Egypt’s The sea level variations along the Egyptian Mediterranean coast and the Nile Delta have Mediterranean coast have been the core of been identified as highly vulnerable to climate many researches, e.g. Moursy, 1989; Moursy, change induced SLR (UNDP, 2014). Dasgupta 1992; Moursy, 1993; Moursy, 1994; Moursy, et al. (2009) ranked Egypt in the top ten most 1998; Tayel, 2008; Hussein et al., 2010; Saad impacted countries (out of 84 developing et al., 2011; El-Geziry and Radwan, 2012; coastal countries considered world-wide) for Maiyza and El-Geziry, 2012; Said et al., 2012; population potentially displaced due to a 1m Radwan and El-Geziry, 2013; El-Geziry, SLR. Alexandria was ranked 11th in terms of 2013; El-Geziry and Said, 2014. All concluded population exposed to coastal flooding in that the tidal variations along the Egyptian 2070s (El-Deberky and Hunicke, 2015). Mediterranean coast are in order of a few The linear trend of increase in the sea level centimeters, and are of the semidiurnal type. along the Egyptian Mediterranean was The coastal zone of the Egyptian previously calculated to range between 0.15 Mediterranean Sea is exposed to multiple cm/yr to 0.30 cm/yr (El-Fishawi and Fanos, 21 22 Mohammed Ahmed Said, Tariq EL-Gesiry, Zainab Morsi 1989; Frihy, 1992;; Frihy, 2003; Said et al., Alexandria, and spots light on the main 2012; Shaker, et al., 2011 and Maiyza and El- statistical characteristics of the sea level; Geziry, 2012). representing the risk factors and the regional Radwan and El-Geziry (2013) investigated the flood factor of the Bay. statistical properties of surge off Alexandria Data and Methods of Analysis over one decade (1996-2005). Their results Abu-Qir Bay (Fig. 1) is a semi-circular basin revealed that the 51-60 cm surge heights are lying 35 km east of Alexandria City between the most frequent to occur over the latitudes 31° 16' and 31° 28' N and longitudes investigated period, while the 81-90 cm are the 30° 03' and 30° 22' E. The bay is a shallow lowest. On seasonal basis, the calculations basin with an average depth of less than 10 m showed that for both the highest and the lowest and most of the bay has a gentle slope with a 10% of occurrence, the summer season maximum depth of about 22 m. The coastline recorded the highest and lowest events, with of Abu Qir Bay extends for about 50 km 163 and 0, respectively. The winter season between the headlands of Abu Qir in the showed only 55 high events and 184 low ones. southwest and Rosetta in the northeast Both spring and autumn surge heights show (Abdallah et al., 2007; Zakaria, 2007). The moderate occurrence for both the highest and surface area of the bay is about 360 km2 and the lowest occurrence percentage. its water volume is 4.3 km3 (Said et al., 1995). Said et al. (2012) calculated the probable The Bay is in contact with Lake Edku through maximum expected water level condition Boughaz Meadeya. The Bay is considered one (extreme return period) off Alexandria to reach of the very sensitive zones within the eastern 165 cm once in 100 years and 181 cm once in Mediterranean Sea to the relative SLR. Wave 500 years, and accordingly they calculated the movement, circulation pattern and sea level design life time of coastal structure and the variations in Abu-Qir Bay have been risk for the 80 cm level off Alexandria. A previously investigated, e.g. El-Gindy, 1988; severe climate event was demonstrated by a El-Gindy et al., 1988; Said et al., 1995; strong storm that hit the Mediterranean coast Abdallah et al., 2007; Said et al., 2012; El- of Egypt on 11 December 2010, associated Geziry, 2013; El-Geziry and Said, 2014. with peak wind speed of more than 60 km/hr The present data set of hourly sea level is (Said et al., 2012). This storm caused coastal taken from an automatic tide gauge fixed in flooding in Alexandria with a surge exceeding Abu-Qir Bay. The position of the instrument is 1 m. This value is much higher than the typical 31°19.54’ N; 30°04.5’ E (Fig. 1). The data are values of storm-surge reported offshore the referred to the zero level of the instrument, and Nile delta coast (40 to 50 cm). Fortunately, the cover 21 years from January 1990 to storm only caused partial damage of some December 2010, which means a total of coastal structures and modest flooding of 184080 hours. However, there are gaps in the lowlands within Abu-Quir bay, east of recorded data and the actual data in hands are Alexandria. El-Deberky and Hunicke (2015) only for 174119 hours (94.58%). The missed succeeded to determine the four most data, on the other hand, represent 5.42 %. vulnerable areas to the risk of the relative SLR Statistically speaking, this missed set does not and inundation along the Egyptian affect the data quality to proceed for the Mediterranean Coast, among which is Abu-Qir proposed investigation. bay. The present paper investigates the relative sea level variations in Abu-Qir Bay, east of Characteristics of the Relative Sea Level in Abu-Qir Bay, Alexandria, Egypt 23 Figure (1) Abu Qir Bay with the location of the automatic tide gauge In the present work, the sea level components φn is the nodal phase of harmonic component; (astronomical tide and surge elevations) are and produced using the WORLD TIDES® package kn is the phase of nth constituent for the time working under the MATLAB® environment origin in use (Boon, 2004). The package is used for the The method used by WORLD TIDES® to analysis and prediction of water levels. It analyze a water level time series is commonly permits quick separation of a time series of known as Harmonic Analysis Method of Least water level measurements into its tidal and Squares (HAMELS). This is a simple but non-tidal components using a selective least powerful means of obtaining tidal constituent squares harmonic reduction employing up to amplitude (An) and phase (kn), needed for tidal 35 tidal constituents. WORLD TIDES® is predictions using Equation (1). principally based on the concept of the ability The five main tidal components (O1, K1, N2, of expressing the tidal amplitudes at any M2 and S2) are the default tidal constituents location as the sum of all the harmonic produced by the software. These are produced components, as in the following equation: for the present work. 2 Using the output from this harmonic tidal (t) ZO fn An cos t n kn (1) analysis, the type of the tidal cycle in Abu-Qir T n n Bay is determined using the following :(Where، constituent factor (Pugh, 2004 η(t) is the vertical displacement of the sea FF = (HO1 + HK1) / (HM2 + HS2) (2) ،surface as a function of time (m); Where Zo is the Mean Sea level (MSL); HO1 is the tidal height of the principal lunar ؛(fn is lunar node factor for nth constituent; diurnal constituent (m An is the amplitude of a harmonic component HK1 is the tidal height of the luni-solar diurnal ؛(m); constituent (m) Tn is the period of a harmonic component (s); HM2 is the tidal height of the principal lunar semidiurnal constituent (m); and 24 Mohammed Ahmed Said, Tariq EL-Gesiry, Zainab Morsi HS2 is the tidal height of the principal solar with which sea levels and risk may be semidiurnal constituent (m) expected to occur in the future. The general characteristics of water levels and Results astronomical tide for Abu-Qir Bay are Characteristics of Relative Sea Level at obtained with the principal features of the Abu-Qir Bay residuals. The hourly sea level varied between Since the knowledge of the expected sea state 0.01 m and 1.0 m above the zero level of the is required for the design and for the safety of instrument (Fig. 2), i.e. 0.99 m tidal range, life at sea, the aim of this study is to get a with a MSL of 0.47 m. better evaluation of forecasting and knowing the frequency and the probability distribution, Figure (2) Hourly Sea Level Recorded in Abu-Qir Bay from January 1990 to December 2010 Figure (3) shows the frequency of occurrence respectively. The probability of occurrence of of the recorded sea level over the period of different water levels is presented and the most investigation. This varied between 6 hourly pronounced frequency was concentrated in the events (0.003%) and 30577 hourly events level of 0.5 m and diminished rapidly in the (16.61%) for the 1 m and 0.5 m water levels, levels less than 0.05 m and more than 0.85 m.
Recommended publications
  • National Monitoring Program for Biodiversity and Non-Indigenous Species in Egypt
    UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM MEDITERRANEAN ACTION PLAN REGIONAL ACTIVITY CENTRE FOR SPECIALLY PROTECTED AREAS National monitoring program for biodiversity and non-indigenous species in Egypt PROF. MOUSTAFA M. FOUDA April 2017 1 Study required and financed by: Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas Boulevard du Leader Yasser Arafat BP 337 1080 Tunis Cedex – Tunisie Responsible of the study: Mehdi Aissi, EcApMEDII Programme officer In charge of the study: Prof. Moustafa M. Fouda Mr. Mohamed Said Abdelwarith Mr. Mahmoud Fawzy Kamel Ministry of Environment, Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) With the participation of: Name, qualification and original institution of all the participants in the study (field mission or participation of national institutions) 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS page Acknowledgements 4 Preamble 5 Chapter 1: Introduction 9 Chapter 2: Institutional and regulatory aspects 40 Chapter 3: Scientific Aspects 49 Chapter 4: Development of monitoring program 59 Chapter 5: Existing Monitoring Program in Egypt 91 1. Monitoring program for habitat mapping 103 2. Marine MAMMALS monitoring program 109 3. Marine Turtles Monitoring Program 115 4. Monitoring Program for Seabirds 118 5. Non-Indigenous Species Monitoring Program 123 Chapter 6: Implementation / Operational Plan 131 Selected References 133 Annexes 143 3 AKNOWLEGEMENTS We would like to thank RAC/ SPA and EU for providing financial and technical assistances to prepare this monitoring programme. The preparation of this programme was the result of several contacts and interviews with many stakeholders from Government, research institutions, NGOs and fishermen. The author would like to express thanks to all for their support. In addition; we would like to acknowledge all participants who attended the workshop and represented the following institutions: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Submergence and Burial of Ancient Coastal Sites on The
    Méditerranée N° 1.2 - 2005 65 Submergence and burial of ancient coastal sites on the subsiding Nile delta margin, Egypt Submersion des sites littoraux le long de la marge deltaïque subsidente du Nil, Égypte Jean-Daniel STANLEY* Abstract – Ancient sites originally positioned along the Nile Résumé - Les anciens sites archéologiques localisés le long du delta’s coastal margin are used as gauges to measure effects of littoral du delta du Nil sont utilisés comme indicateurs des «eustatic» sea-level rise (~1 mm/year) and land lowering variations relatives du niveau de la mer. L'effet combiné d'une (= subsidence) of the sediment substrate beneath settlements montée d'origine «eustatique», estimée à environ 1 mm/an, et de during the late Holocene. The combined effect of these two la subsidence aboutit à l'immersion et/ou à l'enfouissement de la factors, referred to as relative sea-level change, resulted in majorité des sites archéologiques. Au nord-ouest du delta, nous submergence and/or burial of the base of most sites along the avons retrouvé des vestiges archéologiques entre 5 et 7 mètres de delta at variable rates exceeding 1 mm/year. Based on these profondeur dans la baie d'Abu Kir. La vitesse de mobilité relative factors, submergence of sites to depths of 5-7 m is recorded in dépasse donc 1 mm/an. Au nord-est du delta, cette vitesse peut Abu Qir Bay off the NW delta; higher values (lowering to aller jusqu'à 5 mm/an. Elle est liée à des variations structurales 5 mm/year) are recorded along the NE corner of the delta.
    [Show full text]
  • Egyptian Natural Gas Industry Development
    Egyptian Natural Gas Industry Development By Dr. Hamed Korkor Chairman Assistant Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company EGAS United Nations – Economic Commission for Europe Working Party on Gas 17th annual Meeting Geneva, Switzerland January 23-24, 2007 Egyptian Natural Gas Industry History EarlyEarly GasGas Discoveries:Discoveries: 19671967 FirstFirst GasGas Production:Production:19751975 NaturalNatural GasGas ShareShare ofof HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons EnergyEnergy ProductionProduction (2005/2006)(2005/2006) Natural Gas Oil 54% 46 % Total = 71 Million Tons 26°00E 28°00E30°00E 32°00E 34°00E MEDITERRANEAN N.E. MED DEEPWATER SEA SHELL W. MEDITERRANEAN WDDM EDDM . BG IEOC 32°00N bp BALTIM N BALTIM NE BALTIM E MED GAS N.ALEX SETHDENISE SET -PLIOI ROSETTA RAS ELBARR TUNA N BARDAWIL . bp IEOC bp BALTIM E BG MED GAS P. FOUAD N.ABU QIR N.IDKU NW HA'PY KAROUS MATRUH GEOGE BALTIM S DEMIATTA PETROBEL RAS EL HEKMA A /QIR/A QIR W MED GAS SHELL TEMSAH ON/OFFSHORE SHELL MANZALAPETROTTEMSAH APACHE EGPC EL WASTANI TAO ABU MADI W CENTURION NIDOCO RESTRICTED SHELL RASKANAYES KAMOSE AREA APACHE Restricted EL QARAA UMBARKA OBAIYED WEST MEDITERRANEAN Area NIDOCO KHALDA BAPETCO APACHE ALEXANDRIA N.ALEX ABU MADI MATRUH EL bp EGPC APACHE bp QANTARA KHEPRI/SETHOS TAREK HAMRA SIDI IEOC KHALDA KRIER ELQANTARA KHALDA KHALDA W.MED ELQANTARA KHALDA APACHE EL MANSOURA N. ALAMEINAKIK MERLON MELIHA NALPETCO KHALDA OFFSET AGIBA APACHE KALABSHA KHALDA/ KHALDA WEST / SALLAM CAIRO KHALDA KHALDA GIZA 0 100 km Up Stream Activities (Agreements) APACHE / KHALDA CENTURION IEOC / PETROBEL
    [Show full text]
  • Geostrophic Current Patterns Off the Egyptian Mediterranean Coast
    Geostrophic current OCEANOLOGIA, 52 (2), 2010. patterns off the Egyptian pp. 299–310. C 2010, by Institute of Mediterranean coast Oceanology PAS. KEYWORDS Egypt Mediterranean Geostrophic current circulation Mohamed Salama Kamel National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Kayt-Bay, Alexandria, Egypt; e-mail: [email protected] Received 4 January 2010, revised 7 May 2010, accepted 13 May 2010. Abstract Using objectively analysed hydrographic data, currents have been calculated off the Egyptian Mediterranean coast at the surface and at 30, 50, 75, 100, 200 and 300 m depths for the four seasons. The surface circulation is dominated by an anticyclonic circulation off Salum Bay in winter, spring and summer. In nearshore areas, the current flows eastwards at the shallower levels but westwards at the deeper levels. Off the Nile Delta, the current is almost eastward with a higher velocity in summer and autumn, while in spring it is very weak. Off the area between Port Said and Rafah, there is a clear cyclonic circulation appearing in all seasons except winter. At 50 and 75 m depth, the velocity of the circulation is weak. At 100 m depth, the circulation that appeared between Matruh and Alamen in summer decreases in area and magnitude at the former depths. At 200 and 300 m in winter, the current velocity is quite low. In spring the current flows southwards off the area between Rafah and Port Said. In summer, the current off the area between Port Said and Rafah is quite strong and flows to the south. The situation in autumn is quite similar to that in summer, except in the eastern area, where the current is a westward one.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Water Quality and Heavy Metal Indices of Some Water Resources at Kafr El-Dawar Region, Egypt Aggag A.M.1 Short-Term Run
    ALEXANDRIA SCIENCE EXCHANGE JOURNAL VOL. 37 JULY-SEPTEMBER 2016 Evaluation of Water Quality and Heavy Metal Indices of Some Water Resources at Kafr El-Dawar Region, Egypt Aggag A.M.1 short-term run. Contrary, all studied water resources ABSTRACT were highly contaminated and cannot be use at the long Kafer El-Dawr is a major industrial and municipality run. city at the western area of Nile Delta, northern Egypt. Keywords: Heavy metals, Kafr El-Dawar, Water Many factories are founded in Kafr El-Dawar region that quality index, contamination index, Metal index discharges many pollutant elements. Assessment of Water quality is an important issue to know whether it is safe or INTRODUCTION not for irrigation. So, twenty-five water samples were Water pollution of natural water bodies like lakes, collected from some water sources established in Kafer El- rivers, streams, oceans, and groundwater is due to Dawr region. These sources are Yarn and Fabric (YD), Kafer El-Dawr Defshu (KDD), Dabora Abu Qir (DAD), inflow or deposition of pollutants directly or indirectly Dabora Defshu Canal (DC) and Abu Qir (AD). Whisker into water systems. Pollution very often is caused by box plot-median indicated that the heavy metals in the human activities (Mwegoha and Kihampa, 2010). The waters of these drains can be classified according to their use of water for different purposes such as drinking, concentration homogeneity into (a) wide spread- irrigation, domestic and industrial, mainly depends on heterogeneous included: Cr, Co and Cu. (b) Moderate its intrinsic quality. So, It is necessary to examine spread - moderately homogeneous included: Pb, Ni and quality of water resources available in the region Zn, and (c) narrow spread - homogeneous included: Fe, (Mohrir, 2002).
    [Show full text]
  • New Opportunities Offshore West Egypt
    Exploration New Opportunities SIMON BAER and ØYSTEIN LIE, PGS; Offshore West Egypt AYMAN ALMORSHEDY, EGAS Hydrocarbon exploration success offshore Egypt to date is mainly associated with the prolific Pliocene sequence in the Nile Delta Basin, but as the recent Zohr discovery shows, there are other potential plays to follow. Here, we look at the relatively unexplored area of offshore West Egypt. Figure 1: Location map of Egypt’s Mediterranean Sea area showing licensed acreage together with the 80,000 km2 frontier area west of the Nile Delta. 123rf.com/Mohamed Hanno 123rf.com/Mohamed The lighthouse in Alexandria looks out over thewaters west of the Nile Delta, an area as yet poorly explored for hydrocarbons. 4242 GEOGEG OExProEExxPrPro FebruaryFebebrebrbruuaruaarry 201622001616 Figure 2: The study area, outlined in red, includes several different geological domains based on interpretation of existing data: the Shelf area, the Matruh Canyon, the Herodotus Basin and the Herodotus Fold Belt. The relevant exploration wells within the survey area and in the vicinity are marked on the map. The yellow stippled areas are potential basin floor fans from the Nile Delta. The frontier exploration area offshore West Egypt (Figure 1) of Rupelian age (Figure 5). New seismic 2D data acquisition consists of several structural domains (Figure 2) including, is currently being planned to enable a full assessment of the from south to north, a comparatively narrow shelf zone; petroleum system in this area. These data will form the basis for a west-south-west to east-north-east trending transform a future licensing round tentatively planned for 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Date 28/09/2021 10:57:38
    Stock Assessment and Management of Dilplodus: Speciee in Abu Qir Bay, Alexadria, Egypt Item Type Theses and Dissertations Authors Adam, Adel Mohamed Saleh Download date 28/09/2021 10:57:38 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/5091 STOCK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF DIPLODUS SPECIES IN ABU QIR BAY, ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School Faculty of Sciences, Alexandria University In Partial fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science In Biological Oceanography (Fish Biology and fisheries) By Adel Mohamed Saleh Adam March, 2010 Presented by Adel Mohamed Saleh Adam For the Degree of Master of Science In Biological Oceanography (Fish Biology and Fisheries) ByByBy STOCK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF DIPLODUS SPECIES IN ABU QIR BAY, ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT Examiners’ Committee: Approved Prof. Dr. .................................. .......................... Prof. Dr. ................................... ............................. Prof. Dr. .................................... ............................ Advisors’ Committee : Prof. Dr. Altaf A. Ezzat Professor of Fish Biology and Fisheries, Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University Dr. Amany M. Osman Ass. Professor of Fish Biology and Fisheries, Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University Dr. Hatem H. Mahmoud Researcher of Fisheries Biology and Fisheries, Fishery Division, National Institute of Oceanography& Fisheries, Alexandria ACKNOWLEDGMENT I am thankful for the mercy of God, who gave me the power and skill and was behind all the facilities i got for completing the present work. I would like to express my deep thanks and sincere gratitude to Prof. Dr. Altaf Ezzat for her planning of this work, generous supervision, professional guidance, encouragement and for critically reading and reviewing the manuscript as well as discussion of various parts in the present work.
    [Show full text]
  • Egypt State of Environment Report 2008
    Egypt State of Environment Report Egypt State of Environment Report 2008 1 Egypt State of Environment Report 2 Egypt State of Environment Report Acknowledgment I would like to extend my thanks and appreciation to all who contributed in producing this report whether from the Ministry,s staff, other ministries, institutions or experts who contributed to the preparation of various parts of this report as well as their distinguished efforts to finalize it. Particular thanks go to Prof. Dr Mustafa Kamal Tolba, president of the International Center for Environment and Development; Whom EEAA Board of Directors is honored with his membership; as well as for his valuable recommendations and supervision in the development of this report . May God be our Guide,,, Minister of State for Environmental Affairs Eng. Maged George Elias 7 Egypt State of Environment Report 8 Egypt State of Environment Report Foreword It gives me great pleasure to foreword State of Environment Report -2008 of the Arab Republic of Egypt, which is issued for the fifth year successively as a significant step of the political environmental commitment of Government of Egypt “GoE”. This comes in the framework of law no.4 /1994 on Environment and its amendment law no.9/2009, which stipulates in its Chapter Two on developing an annual State of Environment Report to be submitted to the president of the Republic and the Cabinet with a copy lodged in the People’s Assembly ; as well as keenness of Egypt’s political leadership to integrate environmental dimension in all fields to achieve sustainable development , which springs from its belief that protecting the environment has become a necessary requirement to protect People’s health and increased production through the optimum utilization of resources .
    [Show full text]
  • And the West Nile Delta (Coastal), Egypt
    BRIEFING NOTES ON THE CIRCE URBAN AND COASTAL CASE STUDIES: ALEXANDRIA (URBAN) AND THE WEST NILE DELTA (COASTAL), EGYPT The city of Alexandria is located to the West of the Nile Delta and shares many of the common issues of the wider coastal region. The justification, research issues and data for both case studies are therefore considered within a single briefing note. Subsequent reports of the impacts of climate change will differentiate between coastal and urban areas of the West Nile Delta. Summary production, settlement region of the and industry, and hu- Mediterranean coast of The West Nile Delta man health. Egypt (Figure 1) includes (Egypt) is an important Alexandria City Abu Qir resource for agricul- The key research issues Bay, and the Rosetta ture, tourism and in- will include an integrat- branch of the River Nile, dustry, but suffers from ed assessment of the di- Lake Edku and adjacent severe environmental rect and indirect im- regions bounded in the pollution and a lack of pacts of sea-level rise south by the Cairo- environmental moni- and salt-water intru- Alamien road (Figure 2). toring and regulation. sion, an exploration of A number of historic possible adaptation op- cities and expansive ar- The low-lying coastal tions, and an evalua- eas of fertile agricultural areas to the south east of tion of the socio-eco- land are included and are Alexandria city, and in nomic problems imped- undergoing vast un- particular the northern ing sustainable develop- planned development. part of Behaira gover- ment in the region. Extensive industrial, agri- norate, are some of the cultural and domestic most vulnerable areas pollution in the area is an to sea-level rise in Egypt.
    [Show full text]
  • Fisheries Centre
    Fisheries Centre The University of British Columbia Working Paper Series Working Paper #2015 - 85 Reconstruction of marine fisheries statistics in the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea, 1950-2010 Hatem H Mahmoud, Lydia Teh, Myriam Khalfallah and Daniel Pauly anafy Year: 2015 Email: [email protected] This working paper is made available by the Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada. Reconstruction of marine fisheries statistics in the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea, 1950-2010 Hatem Hanafy Mahmoud1, Lydia Teh2, Myriam Khalfallah2, Daniel Pauly2 1 College of Fisheries Technology & Aquaculture, Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport 2 Sea Around Us, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT We reconstruct marine fisheries catches for Egypt in the Mediterranean from 1950-2010 to account for catches that are omitted from official statistics. Annual landings statistics reported by the FAO under-estimate actual catches from Egypt’s industrial and small-scale fisheries, while catches from recreational fishing and discarded fish are absent. This reconstruction quantifies unreported and under-reported catch from Egypt’s Exclusive Economic Zone in the Mediterranean. Reconstructed total catch was 3.7 million t from 1950-2010, which is 1.9 times the 1.97 million t reported by FAO on behalf of Egypt for the same time period. The industrial sector accounted for 83% of under-reported catch. While the magnitude of under-reported catch has decreased steadily since the 1990s, there remains much uncertainty over how much fish is taken from Egypt’s Mediterranean waters.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Integrated Management of Alexandria's Coastal Heritage
    TowardsTowards integratedintegrated managementmanagement ofof Alexandria’sAlexandria’s coastalcoastal heritageheritage Coastal region and small island papers 14 MEDITERRANEAN SEA Ras El Tin Anfoushy Bay Qait Bey Fort Abu Bakar Palace rock Pharos Island Western Harbour Eastern Harbour Cape Lochias El-Silsilah Al Raml Station Bibliotheca Alexandrina Roman Theatre at Kom El-Dekkah l a n Ca ia d Alexandria u The Cornish o m h a Scale 1:800 M Turner M. by drawn Map Coastal region and small island papers 14 Towards integrated management of Alexandria’s coastal heritage by Selim Morcos, Nils Tongring,Youssef Halim, Mostafa El-Abbadi and Hassan Awad a joint endeavour of the UNIVERSITY OF ALEXANDRIA,SUPREME COUNCIL OF ANTIQUITIES (EGYPT) GOVERNORATE OF ALEXANDRIA AND UNESCO The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the UNESCO Secretariat concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of their authorities, or concerning the delimitation of their frontiers or boundaries. Reproduction is authorized, providing that appropriate mention is made of the source, and copies sent to the UNESCO (Paris) address below. This document should be cited as: UNESCO, 2003. Towards integrated management of Alexandria’s coastal heritage. Coastal region and small island papers 14, UNESCO, Paris, 79 pp. The digital version of this publication can be viewed at: http://www.unesco.org/csi/pub/papers2/alex.htm Within the limits of stocks available, extra copies of this document can be obtained, free of charge, from: UNESCO Cairo Office, UNESCO Venice Office, 8 Abdul-Rahman Fahmy Street, Palazzo Zorzi, Garden City, 4930 Castello, Cairo 11511, Egypt.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of Abu-Qir Bay-Alexandria-Egypt
    International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis 2019; 7(3): 56-67 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijema doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20190703.11 ISSN: 2328-7659 (Print); ISSN: 2328-7667 (Online) Evaluation of Different Anthropogenic Effluents Impacts on the Water Quality Using Principal Component Analysis: A Case Study of Abu-Qir Bay-Alexandria-Egypt Mohammed Attia Shreadah 1, *, Abeer Abdel-Mohsen Mohamed El-Sayed 1, Asia Abdel Samea Taha 2, Abdel-Monem Mohamed Ahmed 2, Hanaa Hamam Abdel Rahman 2 1Marine Environmental Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt 2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt Email address: *Corresponding author To cite this article: Mohammed Attia Shreadah, Abeer Abdel-Mohsen Mohamed El-Sayed, Asia Abdel Samea Taha, Abdel-Monem Mohamed Ahmed, Hanaa Hamam Abdel Rahman. Evaluation of Different Anthropogenic Effluents Impacts on the Water Quality Using Principal Component Analysis: A Case Study of Abu-Qir Bay-Alexandria-Egypt. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis. Vol. 7, No. 3, 2019, pp. 56-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20190703.11 Received : August 6, 2019; Accepted : August 27, 2019; Published : September 17, 2019 Abstract: Background: The growing increase in Egyptian population, as well as urbanization expansion; lead to a corresponding increase in industrial, agriculture, urban effluents that discharged into the aquatic environment of Egypt. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the alteration occurred in some water quality characteristics of different water bodies subjected to different types of pollutants. Methods: Different physicochemical parameters, nutrient salts, total dissolved copper, and total dissolved carbohydrate were measured according to advanced experimental methods and analytical techniques.
    [Show full text]