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Introduction 1 the Early Evolution of Sun Yat-Sen's Political Thought

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Introduction 1 the Early Evolution of Sun Yat-Sen's Political Thought Notes Introduction 1 Sun Zhong Shan Xuanji (Beijing, 1981), p. 712. 2 Donald W. Treadgold, The West in Russia and China Vol. 2 (Cambridge, 1973), p. 95. 3 Preface to Tai Chi-t’ao, Die Geistigen Grundlagen des Sun Yat-senismus trans by Richard Wilhelm (Berlin, 1931), p. 8. 4C. Snyder, Far Eastern Economic Review, no. 10, 6 March 1971. 5 Sukarno, ‘Pantja Sila’, in The Indonesian Revolution: Basic Documents (Jakarta, 1960), p. 42. 6 Simon Leys, The Chairman’s New Clothes (London, 1977), p. 233. 7 Marie-Claire Bergère, Sun Yat-sen (Paris, 1994) (trans Stanford, 1998), p. 391. 1 The Early Evolution of Sun Yat-sen’s Political Thought 1 Information on Sun’s early life has been drawn from Lo Chia-lun Kuo-fu nien-pu (Chronological Biography of Sun Yat-sen) Vol. I (Taipei, 1969). Sun’s own autobiography in Memoirs of a Chinese Revolutionary by Sun Yat-sen (Taipei, 1953), Sun Zhong Shan Xuanji (Selected Works of Sun Yat-sen) (Beijing, 1981), pp. 191–6. 2 Sun Chung-shan ch’üan-chi (Complete Collected Works of Sun Yat-sen) (Beijing, 1981) Vol. 3, p. 329. 3 Franz Michael and Chang Chung-li, The Taiping Rebellion: History and Docu- ments, 3 vols (Seattle, 1966–71) Vol. 2, p. 314. 4 Sun Chung-shan ch’üan-chi Vol. I, pp. 46–8. 5 Sidney H. Chang and Leonard H. D. Gordon, All Under Heaven: Sun Yat-sen and His Revolutionary Thought (Stanford, California, 1991), p. 14. 6 Ibid., p. 13. 7 Sun Zhong Shan Xuanji, p. 192. 8 Chang and Gordon, op. cit., p. 14. 9 Sun Zhong Shan Xuanji pp. 1–13. English translation in China’s Response to the West (Ssu-yu Teng and John K. Fairbank) (New York, 1975), pp. 224–5. 10 Sun Zhong Shan Xuanji, p. 12. 11 Hsu Leonard, Sun Yat-sen, His Political and Social Ideals (Los Angeles, 1933), p. 4, Fn 5. 12 Ibid., p. 6. 13 Milton J. T. Shieh, The Kuomintang, Selected Historical Documents, 1894–1969 (New York, 1970), p. 2. 14 Harold Z. Schiffrin, Sun Yat-sen and the Origins of the Chinese Revolution (Los Angeles, 1970), p. 42. 15 Ibid., p. 42. 16 Chang and Gordon, op. cit., p. 17. 17 Marie-Claire Bergère, Sun Yat-sen (Stanford, 1998), p. 50. 204 Notes 205 18 Sun Chung-shan ch’üan-chi, Vol. 1, p. 20. 19 Wu Yuzhang, Recollections of the Revolution of 1911 (Beijing, 1962), p. 16. 20 Schiffrin, op. cit., p. 43. 21 Hsu, op. cit., p. 12. 22 Sun Chung-shan ch’üan-chi Vol. 1, pp. 21–2. Translation Milton Shieh op. cit., pp. 3–7. 23 The following information has been drawn from Lo Chia-lun, op. cit., p. 19. Schiffrin, op. cit., pp. 85–8. Sun Zhong Shan Xuanji, pp. 193–6 24 See Marie-Claire Bergère, op. cit., pp. 49, 80, for details of Sun’s relations with secret societies. 25 Joseph R. Levenson, Confucian China and its Modern Fate (Los Angeles 1965), Vol. II, p. 121. 2 The Development of Sun Yat-sen’s Political Ideas in England 1896–97 1 Sun Zhong Shan Xuanji (Selected Works of Sun Yat-sen) (Beijing, 1981), p. 31. 2Sun Wen, Kuo-fu ch’üan-chi (Taipei, 1957), Vol. 2, p. 84 (Complete Works of the Founding Father of the Nation). 3 Harold Z. Schiffrin, Sun Yat-sen and the Origins of the Chinese Revolution (Los Angeles, London, 1970), p. 137. 4 Sun Yat-sen, ‘My Reminiscences’ The Strand Magazine (1912), p. 304. 5 James Cantlie and C. Sheridan Jones, Sun Yat-sen and the Awakening of China (London, 1912), p. 56. 6 T’ang Liang Li, The Inner History of the Chinese Revolution (London, 1930), p. 25. 7Jean Longuet, Le Mouvement Socialist International (Paris, 1913), p. 526. 8 Schiffrin, op. cit., p. 135. 9 Ibid., p. 128. 10 J. Y. Wong, The Origins of a Heroic Image (Hong Kong, 1986), p. 283. 11 Ibid., p. 18. 12 Timothy Richard, Forty-Five Years in China (New York, 1916), p. 350. 13 Wong, op. cit., p. 227. 14 Edwin Collins’ preface to Britain’s Greatness Foretold by Marie Trevelyan (London, 1900) p. 1xiii. 15 Wong, op. cit., p. 273. 16 James Cantlie and C. Sheridan Jones, Sun Yat-sen and the Awakening of China (London, 1912), p. 249. 17 Y. Yamakawa, The Independent, 11 January 1912, p. 76. 18 Chun-tu Hsüeh, The Chinese Revolution of 1911 New Perspectives (Hong Kong, 1986), p. 34. 19 Sun Yat-sen and Edwin Collins, ‘China’s Present and Future’ in Fortnightly Review, 1 March 1897, p. 424. 20 Sun Yat-sen and Edwin Collins, ‘Judicial Reform in China’ in East Asia, July 1897, p. 3. 21 i.e. Professor Wong’s. 22 Wong, op. cit., p. 241. 23 The London and China Express 12 March 1897 Supplement p. 2 for review of Sun’s ‘China’s Present and Future’. Ibid., 9 July 1897. Supplement p. 1 for review of his ‘Judicial Reform in China’. 206 Notes 24 Ibid., 12 March 1897 (p. 232 of 1897 volume). 25 The New York Times, 23 March 1897, p. 6. 26 Fortnightly Review, p. 424. 27 Ibid., p. 425. 28 Ibid., p. 438. 29 Ibid., p. 440. 30 Le Temps (Le petit Temps) 11 March 1897, p. 34. 31 ‘L’, ‘The Future of China’, in Fortnightly Review 1 August 1896, p. 163. 32 Ibid., p. 165. 33 Ibid., p. 166. 34 Ibid., p. 177. 35 Wong, op. cit., p. 244 quoting Wu Xiang xiang Sun Yizian zhuan Vol. I, p. 194. 36 For further discussion of ‘L’s identity see my PhD thesis, A C Wells The Polit- ical Thought of Sun Yat-sen (London, 1994). 37 Timothy Richard, Conversion by the Million (Shanghai, 1907) Vol. II, p. 225. 38 East Asia op. cit., p. 13. 39 Sun Wen, Kuo-fu ch’üan-chi (Taipei 1957) Vol. II, p. 84. 40 Sun Wen, Kuo-fu ch’üan-chi (Taipei, 1957) Vol. II, p. 80. 41 Sun Zhong Shan Xuanji (Beijing, 1981), p. 621. 42 ‘L’, The Future of China, p. 165. 43 Sun Zhong Shan Xuanji, p. 621. 44 Sun Yat-sen, Kidnapped in London (Bristol, 1897), p. 16. 45 Wong, op. cit., p. 132. 46 Ibid., p. 261. 47 Ibid., p. 260. 48 Free Russia, May 1897, p. 1. 49 Sun Yat-sen, Kidnapped in London, p. 134. 50 Sun Yat-sen and Edwin Collins, ‘China’s Past and Present’, in Fortnightly Review (1897), p. 424. 51 ‘L’, ‘The Future of China’, in Fortnightly Review (1896), p. 17. 52 Ibid., p. 174. 53 Sun Zhong Shan Xuanji, p. 87. 54 Ibid., p. 737. 55 Ibid., p. 753. 56 Sun Wen, Kuo-fu ch’üan-chi (Taipei, 1957) Vol. II, p. 84. 57 Sun Yat-sen, Kidnapped in London, p. 30. 58 J. Y. Wong (ed.), Sun Yat-sen. His International Ideas and International Connec- tions (Sydney, 1987), p. 152. 59 Schiffrin, op. cit., p. 560. 60 ‘L’, op. cit., p. 173. 61 Sun Yat-sen, ‘China’s Next Step’, in The Independent vol. XXII (1912), p. 1316. 3 Sun’s Western influences in the Japanese Crucible 1 Justice, 26 June 1897. 2Jean Longuet, Le Mouvement Socialiste International (Paris, 1913), p. 520. 3 Martin Bernal in Modern China’s Search for Reform (ed. Jack Gray, London, 1969), p. 68. 4 ‘Early Socialist Currents in the Chinese Revolutionary Movement’, Robert A. Scalapino and Harold Schiffrin, Journal of Asian Studies (May, 1959), p. 336. Notes 207 5Bernal, op. cit., p. 69. 6Longuet, op. cit., p. 531. 7Bernal, op. cit., p. 72. 8 Ibid., p. 72. 9Li Yu-ning, The Introduction of Socialism into China (New York, 1971), p. 23. 10 Ibid., p. 24. 11 Wu Yu Zhang, Recollections of the Revolution of 1911 (Beijing, 1981), p. 72. 12 Bernal, op. cit., p. 76. 13 Philip Huang, Liang Ch’i-ch’ao and Modern Chinese Liberalism (Seattle, 1972), p. 63. 14 Ibid., p. 84. 15 Sun Zhong Shan Xuanji (Selected Works of Sun Yat-sen) (Beijing, 1981), p. 765. 16 Liu Yeou-hwa, A Comparative Study of Dr Sun Yat-sen’s and Montesquieu’s The- ory of Separation of Powers (PhD thesis 1983, Claremont College USA), p. 81. 17 Johan Kaspar Bluntschli, The Theory of the State (Oxford, 1885), p. 453. 18 Ibid., p. 450. 19 Ibid., p. 458. 20 Harold Z. Schiffrin, Sun Yat-sen and the Origins of the Chinese Revolution (Los Angeles, 1970), p. 212. 21 Ibid., p. 26. 22 Sun Zhong Shan Xuanji, p. 692. Sun Yat-sen, op. cit., p. 151. 23 Bluntshli, op. cit., p. 497. 24 Schiffrin, op. cit., p. 142. 25 Sun Zhong Shan Xuanji, p. 718. 26 Paul M. Linebarger, The Political Doctrines of Sun Yat-sen (Baltimore, 1937), p. 98. 27 Sun Zhong Shan Xuanji, p. 201. 28 Sun Zhong Shan Xuanji, p. 844. 29 Martin Bernal, Chinese Socialism to 1907 (Ithaca, 1976), p. 50. 30 Paraphrased from Sun Zhong Shan Xuanji, pp. 80–9. 31 The Globe, 17 February 1912, p. 6. 32 Sun Wen Kuo-fu ch’üan-chi (Taipei, 1957), p. 84. 4 Sun’s Thought between 1905/6 and 1919: Populism and Elitism 1 Bernard Martin, Strange Vigour (London, 1984), p. 230 2 Sun Zhong-shan ch’üan-chi (Complete Collected Works of Sun Yat-sen) (Beijing, 1981) Vol. 3, p. 325. 3 Ibid., p. 327. 4 Jude Howell, ‘A Silent Revolution’, in China Review (Summer, 2000), p. 11. 5 Corinna Hana in G. K. Kindermann, Sun Yat-sen: Founder and Symbol of China’s Revolutionary Nation Building (Munich, 1982), p.
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