Ferula Mervynii

1533 357362 Original Article

A NEW SPECIES OF FERULA L. FROM TURKEY M. SAGIROGLU and H. DUMAN

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 153, 357–362. With 9 figures

Ferula mervynii (Apiaceae), a distinct new species from north-east Anatolia, Turkey Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article/153/3/357/2420567 by Gazi University Library (GAZI) user on 10 December 2020

MEHMET SAGIROGLU and HAYRI DUMAN

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Literature, Gazi University, 06500 Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey

Received December 2005; accepted for publication October 2006

Ferula mervynii M. Sagıroglu & H.Duman, sp. nov. from north-east Anatolia in Turkey (A8: Artvin & Erzurum) is described and illustrated. It is closely related to F. coskunii H.Duman & M.Sagıroglu, from which it differs mainly in its habit, basal leaves, umbel, and mericarp features. Diagnostic morphological characters are discussed. Notes are also presented on its ecology and conservation status, together with scanning electron micrographs of the surface of the mericarps and of a somatic metaphase plate showing the chromosome number. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 153, 357–362.

ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: chromosome number – Çoruh Valley – taxonomy – Umbelliferae.

INTRODUCTION which were unlike any of the known Turkish Ferula. After we had collected further adequate flowering and The genus Ferula L. is the third largest in the family. fruiting material, it became clear that the specimens The genus contains 180–185 species (Pimenov and were quite different from all known Turkish species. Leonov, 2004) and has a main centre of diversity in The specimens were also cross-checked with the central and south-west Asia, where about 130 species Ferula accounts in Flora Iranica (Chamberlain & occur. The number of Ferula taxa in different floras Rechinger, 1987a, b), Flora of Lebanon and Syria also supports this view. Ferula is represented by 96 (Mouterde, 1986a, b), Flora Palaestina (Zohary, 1966a, species in Flora of the USSR (66 endemic), 53 species b), Flora Europaea (Cannon, 1968), and Flora of the in Flora Iranica (33 endemic), and 18 species in Flora USSR (Korovin, 1951), and compared with herbarium of Turkey (nine endemic) (Korovin, 1951; Pesmen, specimens in GAZI, ANK, and HUB herbaria. We con- 1972; Chamberlain & Rechinger, 1987a, b; Duman & cluded that our specimens represent a distinct species Sagıroglu, 2005). Most species in Anatolia are confined new to science (Fig. 1). to rather restricted areas of distribution (except A map is provided (Fig. 2) showing the distribution F. orientalis L., F. szowitsiana DC., F. communis L., of both F. mervynii M.Sagıroglu & H.Duman and F. tingitana L., and F. rigidula DC.). F. coskunii H.Duman & M.Sagıroglu, based on the A comprehensive revision of Turkish Ferula species localities in which specimens were found. The compar- has been undertaken by the authors since 2000. A ative scanning electron micrographs of the mericarps large number of specimens have been collected from of F. mervynii and F. coskunii and the chromosome all over Turkey and one new species has already been number of F. mervynii are given. The authors of the published by the authors (Duman & Sagıroglu, 2005). plant names follow Brummit & Powell (1992). F. mervynii is the second new species, which was orig- inally collected by Southam Mervyn in north-east Anatolia (around Yusufeli). He sent us some photo- DESCRIPTION copies of these specimens (via Dr Yusuf Menemen) FERULA MERVYNII M.SAGIROGLU & H.DUMAN SP. NOV. (FIG. 1) Type: Turkey. A8 Artvin: Yusufeli–Sarıgöl road, from *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Yusufeli 1–3 km, 650 m, 26.vii.2002, M.Sagıroglu

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Figure 1. Ferula mervynii M.Sagıroglu & H.Duman sp. nov. A, Lower and middle part of plant: A(1), ﬁbrous collar; A(2), ancient stem; A(3), part of basal leaves; A(4), lower leaves of stem. B, Basal leaves. C, Fruiting part of plant. D, Dorsal surface of fruit. E, Section of mericarp: E(1), vittae; E(2), vascular bundle.

2207 & A.Duran (holotype: GAZI!, isotypes: ANK! (‘nec’ 50–90 × 20–40 cm), lamina 3–4-pinnata et gla- HUB! Hb YILDIRIMLI! E!). bra (‘nec’ 6–7-pinnata et sparsim crispato-pubescenti), segmentis ultimis 5–25 × 0.2–2 mm (‘nec’ 0.5–2 × 0.2– Diagnosis: Afﬁnis F. coskunii H.Duman & 0.4 mm), umbellis centralibus longepedunculatis M.Sagıroglu sed foliis basalibus 10–30 × 6–15 cm (2.5–)5–16(−20) cm (‘nec’ brevipedunculatis et 0.5–

© 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 153, 357–362 A NEW SPECIES OF FERULA L. FROM TURKEY 359 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article/153/3/357/2420567 by Gazi University Library (GAZI) user on 10 December 2020

Figure 2. Ferula mervynii M.Sagıroglu & H.Duman sp. nov. (). F. coskunii H.Duman & M.Sagıroglu ().

1 cm), radiis 4–12 cm [‘nec’ 1–2(−3) cm], umbellis lat- Paratypes: A8 Artvin: Yusufeli–Sarıgöl road, from eralibus carentibus vel 1 (‘nec’ semper 2), pedicellis Yusufeli 1–3 km, 650 m, 26.vii.2002, M.Sagıroglu fructiferis 5–10(−12) mm [‘nec’ 3–5(−7) mm], meri- 2207 (GAZI); ibid. 18.vii.2004, H.Duman 9581 & Z. carpiis 4–5 × 2–4 mm (‘nec’ 5–9 × 3–5 mm), vittis com- Aytaç (GAZI); Yusufeli–Kılıçkaya, 650–680 m, missuralibus 4–6 (‘nec’ 2–4) recedit. 18.vii.2004, 40°45.370′N, 41°29.588′E, H.Duman 9588 & Z. Aytaç (GAZI); Erzurum: Uzundere–Yusufeli road, Description: Perennial, polycarpic herbs. ROOTSTOCK from Uzundere 10 km, 1100 m, 26.vii.2002, oblong, up to 2 cm in diameter; fibrous collar dense, 1– M.Sagıroglu 2210 (GAZI); ibid. 2.ix.2002, M.Sagıroglu 8 cm long. STEMS erect, simple, or rarely bearing two 2262 (GAZI); ibid. 1.vi.2003, M.Sagıroglu 2311 stems per rootstock, 30–90(−150) cm, terete, weakly (GAZI). striate, glaucous-violaceous, glabrous, 1.5–6(−10) mm at the base. BASAL LEAVES triangular in outline, 10– Conservation status: Ferula mervynii is an endemic 30 × 6–15 cm; petioles 1–9 cm long; lamina 3–4-pin- species known from three separate localities; there- nate, ultimate segments linear, 5–25 × 0.5–2 mm, fore, it is considered as ‘Endangered’ (criterion B1 a). acute-mucronate, glabrous. All sheaths membranous, It could also be categorized as ‘Critically Endangered’ linear-lanceolate, 4–10 × 0.2–0.5 cm, sulcate, weakly (criterion B2) for its known ‘area of occupancy’ of less inflated, ±glaucous, glabrous; lower and middle than 2 km2, population size estimated to be fewer than sheaths amplexicaul, lamina reduced, 2–3-pinnate; 250 mature individuals (criterion C), and population upper sheaths subamplexicaul, ultimate segments size reduction of 80% because of the construction of absent or very reduced. INFLORESCENCE lax pannicu- the Yusufeli Dam on the Çoruh River (criterion A3). late-corymbose; lateral umbel absent or one, bract-like We conclude that F. mervynii must be classified as sheath present at base of lateral branches and lateral ‘Critically Endangered (CR)’ on the basis of its ‘reduc- umbels; central umbels long-peduncled (2.5–)5–16 tion of population size’ and ‘area of occupancy’, (−20) cm; rays 4–8(−12), 4–12 cm at fruiting time, although it is known from three locations (IUCN, ±unequal, lax; umbellules globose, dense, 20–55 2001). flowers, fruiting pedicels 5–10(−12) mm, ±equal. BRACTEOLES usually absent, rarely 2–4, c. 1 mm, Ecology: This new species grows at 650–1100 m on linear-lanceolate, caducous. SEPALS obsolete. PETALS stony slopes and roadsides with Acer divergens Pox yellow, 1–1.5 mm, glabrous, deflexed. MERICARPS var. divergens (local endemic), Paliurus spina-christii oblong-orbicular, 4–5(−7) × 2–4 mm, dark brown when Miller, Juniperus oxycedrus L., Rhus coriaria L., ripe; dorsal ridges inconspicuous, filiform, lateral Cotinus coggria Scop, F. szowitsiana DC., Verbascum wings 0.1–0.3 mm wide; stylopodium terete and undu- gracilescens Hub.-Mor. (local endemic), Caragana late; style usually caducous; stigma capitate; dorsal grandiflora (Bieb.) DC., Isatis erzurumica Davis (local vittae per vallecule 1(−2), commissural vittae 4–6, endemic), Ephedra major Host, Alyssum artvinense near carpophore and lateral wings, commissural sur- Busch (local endemic), Asphodeline tenuior (Fischer) face asperous. Ledeb. ssp. tenuiflora (C.Koch) Tuzlaci, Atraphaxsis Fl. 6–8, fruiting 8–9. billardieri Jaub. & Spach. var. tournefortii (Jaub. &

Spach) Cullen, Onosma sp., Chesneya elegans Fomin DISCUSSION L. (local endemic), Astragalus sp., Centaurea stra- This new species is very distinct, with no obvious minicephala Hub.-Mor. (local endemic), Clypeola allies in Turkey, Iran, the former USSR, and Europe, raddeana Albow (local endemic), Micromeria elliptica as a result of its smaller and 3–4-pinnate basal leaves, C.Koch (local endemic), Stipa caragana Trin., linear-lanceolate, membranous, and glabrous sheaths,

Erodium oxyrrhynchum Bieb., and Seseli andronakii Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article/153/3/357/2420567 by Gazi University Library (GAZI) user on 10 December 2020 very long peduncles of the central umbel, and dense Woron (local endemic). ﬂowers of the umbellules (Fig. 3). The closest to our new species appears to be F. coskunii. A more detailed Etymology: This new species is named after the ama- comparison of the new taxon with relevant species is teur Umbelliferae collector Mr Mervyn Southam who given in Table 1. lives in the UK at Twyford near Winchester.

Figure 3. Scanning electron micrograph of Ferula cosku- Figure 4. Scanning electron micrograph of surface of Fer- nii mericarp. ula coskunii valecula.

Table 1. Comparison of the diagnostic characters of Ferula mervynii M.Sagıroglu & H.Duman sp. nov. and F. coskunii H.Duman & M.Sagıroglu

Character F. mervynii F. coskunii

Length of ﬁbrous collar (cm) 1–8 10–15 Stem diameter at base 1.5–6(−10) mm 0.5–1.5 cm Basal leaves (in outline) (cm) 10–30 × 6–15 50–90 × 20–40 Lamina of basal leaves 3–4-pinnate 6–7-pinnate Ultimate segments of leaves (mm) 5–25 × 0.2–2 0.5–2 × 0.2–0.4 Glabrous Sparsely crispate-pubescent Petioles of basal leaves (cm) 1–9 30–50 Central umbels Long-peduncled, 5–16 cm Short-peduncled, 0.5–1 cm Ray (cm) 4–12 1–2(−3) Lateral umbel Absent or 1 2 Fruiting pedicels (mm) 5–10(−12) 3–5(−7) Mericarps (mm) 4–5 × 2–4 5–9 × 3–5 Lateral wings (mm) 0.1–0.3 0.3–0.5 Commissural vittae 4–6 2–4 Commissural surface Asperous Not asperous

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Figure 7. Scanning electron micrograph of surface of Ferula mervynii valecula.

Figure 5. Scanning electron micrograph of surface of Ferula coskunii valecula.

Figure 6. Scanning electron micrograph of Ferula mervynii mericarp. Figure 8. Scanning electron micrograph of surface of Ferula mervynii valecula.

Ferula mervynii is superﬁcially similar to Peu- graphical region and a number of local endemic spe- cedanum ruthenicum and Astradaucus orientalis (L.) cies grow there (see ‘Ecology’). F. coskunii species are Drude. Therefore, it can sometimes be confused with distributed in the Mediterranean phytogeographical these species, especially with regard to habit, basal region, which contains the stony maquis of south Ana- leaves, sheaths, and inﬂorescence characters. tolia. F. mervynii and F. coskunii grow in areas distant The mericarp surface of F. mervynii contains from each other, but in similar habitats with respect to tubules and scales, whereas that of F. coskunii is retic- ecology and climate. ulate and verrucate (Figs 4–9). Ferula mervynii has a somatic chromosome number ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS of 2n = 22 (Fig. 9). The Çoruh Valley is a very interesting area for plant We wish to thank Southam Mervyn (Twyford, diversity. Elements of the Mediterranean phytogeo- Winchester, UK) and Dr Yusuf Menemen (Kırıkkale

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