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Faruk Özbay-Proje GED İZ ÜN İVERS İTES İ YÜKSEK L İSANS B İTİRME PROJES İ KATILIM BANKACILI ĞI VE TÜRK İYE'DEK İ UYGULAMALARI Faruk ÖZBAY Proje Danı şmanı:Doç.Dr.Erhan DEM İREL İ İZM İR 2014 GED İZ ÜN İVERS İTES İ SOSYAL B İLİMLER ENST İTÜSÜ (YÜKSEK L İSANS B İTİRME PROJES İ) KATILIM BANKACILI ĞI VE TÜRK İYE'DEK İ UYGULAMALARI Faruk ÖZBAY Tez Danı şmanı:Doç.Dr.Erhan DEM İREL İ İZM İR,2014 PROJE DANI ŞMANI VE ENST İTÜ MÜDÜRLÜ ĞÜ ONAYI Proje Danı şmanı İmza Doç.Dr.Erhan DEM İREL İ Faruk ÖZBAY tarafından yüksek lisans projesi olarak hazırlanan " KATILIM BANKACILI ĞI VE TÜRK İYE'DEK İ UYGULAMALARI " ba şlıklı bu çalı şma Gediz Üniversitesi Lisansüstü E ğitim ve Ö ğretim Yönetmeli ği ile Gediz Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü E ğitim ve Ö ğretim Yönergesi'nin ilgili hükümleri uyarınca tarafımız dan de ğerlendirilerek,bu çalı şma ba şarılı bulunmu ştur. i ÖZET KATILIM BANKACILI ĞI VE TÜRK İYE'DEK İ UYGULAMALARI ÖZBAY,Faruk Yüksek Lisans Projesi,Gediz Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü OCAK,2014 Danışmanı: Doç.Dr.Erhan DEM İREL İ Bu projede bankacılık sektörünün tarihi geli şimi,kullanılan ürünler,faizsiz bankacılık ve faizsiz bankacılı ğın Türkiye'deki geli şimi incelenmi ştir. Kuran-ı Kerim'de faizin kesinlikle haram kılınmasından sonra,faizsiz bankacılık alanında geli ştirilen ürünlerin neler oldu ğunu anlatan bölümlerden olu şmaktadır.Bankacılık sektöründe katılım bankalarının payı anlatılı ştır. Son bölümlerde ise faizsiz bankacılı ğın önündeki problemlerden bahsedilmi ş ve çözüm önerileri incelenmi ştir.Sonuç olarak mevduat bankaları ile katılım bankacılı ğı fon aktarımı bakımından ortak özellik göstersede, i şlem şekillerinin farklı olması faaliyetlerine yansımaktadır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Bankacılık tarihi,Katılım bankacılı ğı, Ekonomi, Yöntem ii ABSTRACT PARTICIPATION BANKING AND APPLICATIONS IN TURKEY ÖZBAY,Faruk Master project, Gediz University The Institute of Social Sciences JANUARY,2014 Advisor:Doç.Dr.Erhan DEM İREL İ In this project, the historical development of the banking sector, used products, Islamic banking and Islamic banking development in Turkey has been analyzed. Strictly forbidden in the Quran after interest, developed in the field of Islamic banking products consist of the section describing what is going on. Share of participation banks in the banking sector have been described. In the last chapters of the problems mentioned in front of the Islamic banking and solutions have been investigated. As a result, deposits of banks with the participation banking Although a common feature in terms of the transfer of funds, the transaction is reflected in the way activities are different. Keywords: banking history, participation banking, Economics, Methods iii TE ŞEKKÜR Bu çalı şma süresince her türlü bilgi ve deneyimlerini aktarmaktan çekinmeyen,yakın ilgi ve samimiyeti ile de manevi destek veren de ğerli hocam sayın Doç.Dr.Erhan DEM İREL İ 'ne canı gönülden te şekkürlerimi sunarım. Bu zor süreçte deste ğini esirgemeyen de ğerli hocam Yrd.Doç.Dr. Mustafa KIRLI 'ya da canı gönülden te şekkürlerimi borç bilirim. iv İÇİNDEK İLER Sayfa No: PROJE DANI ŞMANI VE ENST İTÜ MÜDÜRLÜ ĞÜ ONAYI………… ...…i ÖZET……………………………………………………………………………..ii ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………...iii TE ŞEKKÜR……………………………………………………………………..iv İÇİNDEK İLER…………………………………………………………...……..v TABLOLAR LİSTES İ…………………………………………….……………xi GRAF İKLER L İSTES İ…………………………………………..……… …...xii KISALTMALAR L İSTES İ……………………………………..…………….xiii GİRİŞ …………………………………………………………………..………..1 1.BÖLÜM GENEL OLARAK BANKACILI ĞA B İR BAKI Ş 1.BANKACILI ĞIN TAR İHSEL GEL İŞİ Mİ .................................................................. 2 1.1. BANKACILIK TAR İHİ .......................................................................................... 2 1.2. TÜRK İYE ’DEK İ BANKACILIK TAR İHİ .................................................................. 7 1.2.1. Cumhuriyet Dönemi Öncesi Türk Bankacılı ğı ....................................... 8 1.2.2. Cumhuriyet Döneminde Türk Bankacılı ğı ............................................. 9 1.2.2.1 Büyük Çapta Devlet Bankalarının Kurulu ş Dönemi(1933-1944) . 11 v 1.2.2.2.Özel Bankalar Dönemi(1945-1960) .............................................. 12 1.2.2.3 Planlı Dönem(1961-1979) ............................................................. 12 1.2.2.4 1980 Sonrası Bankacılık ............................................................... 14 1.2.2.5 Günümüz Türk Bankacılı ğı ........................................................... 16 1.2.2.5.1 Yeniden Yapılandırma Dönemi (2002 – 2013) ...................... 16 2.BÖLÜM KATILIM BANKACILI ĞI VE TÜRK İYE'DEK İ İŞ LEY İŞ LER İ 2.FA İZS İZ BANKACILIK SİSTEM İ VE KATILIM BANKALARI ...................... 18 2.1 FAİZ KAVRAMI VE ÇEŞİ TLER İ ........................................................................... 18 2.2.F AİZS İZ BANKACILI ĞIN ORTAYA ÇIKMA NEDENLER İ ....................................... 21 2.2.1 Dini Nedenler ....................................................................................... 22 2.2.2 Ekonomik Nedenler ............................................................................... 23 2.2.3 Sosyal Nedenler .................................................................................... 24 2.3.D ÜNYADA FAİZS İZ BANKACILIK ....................................................................... 24 2.3.1 Dünyada Faizsiz Bankacılık Olu şumu ................................................. 24 2.3.2 Dünyada Faizsiz Bankacılık Çalı şmaları ............................................. 26 2.3.2.1 Mısır ............................................................................................... 26 2.3.2.2 Kuveyt ve Di ğer Körfez Ülkeleri .................................................. 26 vi 2.3.2.3 Malezya ......................................................................................... 27 2.3.2.4 İngiltere .......................................................................................... 28 2.3.2.5 Suudi Arabistan ............................................................................. 28 2.3.2.6 İran ve Pakistan ............................................................................. 29 2.3.2.7 Sudan ............................................................................................. 30 2.4 TÜRK İYE 'DE BANKACILIK ................................................................................. 30 2.4.1 Türkiye'de Bankaların Kurulu ş Ko şulları ............................................ 30 2.5 TÜRK İYE ’DE FAİZS İZ BANKACILIK ................................................................... 34 2.5.1 Türkiye'de Katılım Bankalarının Kurulu ş Nedenleri ............................ 35 2.5.1.1 Dı ş Faktörler .................................................................................. 35 2.5.1.2 İç Faktörler ................................................................................... 36 2.5.2 Türkiye’de Faizsiz Bankacılı ğın Olu şumu .......................................... 37 2.5.3. Türkiye’de Faizsiz Bankacılı ğın Geli şimi ............................................ 38 2.5.4 Türkiye'de Faaliyet Gösteren Katılım Bankaları ................................ 39 2.5.4.1 Albaraka Türk Katılım Bankası A. Ş. ............................................. 39 2.5.4.2 Kuveyt Türk Katılım Bankası A. Ş. ............................................... 39 2.5.4.3 Türkiye Finans Katılım Bankası A. Ş. ........................................... 40 2.5.4.4 Asya Katılım Bankası A. Ş. ........................................................... 42 vii 3.BÖLÜM TÜRK İYE’DE KATILIM BANKALARI TARAFINDAN KULLANILAN MODEL VE ÜRÜNLER 3. FA İZS İZ BANKACILIKTA KULLANILAN YÖNTEMLER ....................... 43 3.1. FON TOPLAMA YÖNTEMLER İ ........................................................................... 44 3.1.1 Özel Cari Hesap .................................................................................. 44 3.1.2.Yatırım Hesabı (Kar-Zarar Katılımı) ................................................... 45 3.1.3.Kıymetli Madenler Hesabı .................................................................... 46 3.2. FON KULLANDIRMA YÖNTEMLER İ ................................................................... 46 3.2.1 Nakdi Kredilerde Kullanılan Ürünler .................................................. 46 3.2.1.1 Murabaha (Kurumsal Finansman Deste ği) .................................... 47 3.2.1.2 Mudaraba(Kar-Zarar katılımı) ....................................................... 48 3.2.1.3.Mu şaraka(Ortaklık) ....................................................................... 49 3.2.1.4. Mü şaraka Mutanakısa ................................................................... 50 3.2.1.5. Müzaraa ve Musakat ..................................................................... 50 3.2.1.6. İcara .............................................................................................. 51 3.2.1.7 İcara ve İktina(Finansal Kiralama) ............................................... 52 3.2.1.8 Selem veya Selef ........................................................................... 52 viii 3.2.1.9 Karz-ı Hasen .................................................................................. 52 3.2.1.10 Mal Kar şılı ğı Vesaikin Finansmanı ............................................. 53 3.2.1.11 Döviz Kredisi ............................................................................... 53 3.2.1.12 Tavarruk ....................................................................................... 53 3.2.2 Gayri
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