Master Plan for Tarn Taran Lpa 2010-2031
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Office of Deputy District Town Planner, Kapurthala Department of Town and Country Planning,Punjab. Contents
A-PDF Merger DEMO : Purchase from www.A-PDF.com to remove the watermark 2010-2031 OFFICE OF DEPUTY DISTRICT TOWN PLANNER, KAPURTHALA DEPARTMENT OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING,PUNJAB. CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES _________________________________________ iii LIST OF TABLES ___________________________________________ v 1. SUMMARY ____________________________________________ 1 2. INTRODUCTION_______________________________________ 7 Initial Steps______________________________________________________________ 7 Regional Setting __________________________________________________________ 8 Physiography and Climate __________________________________________________ 8 Historical Background ____________________________________________________ 10 Legal Framework for Preparation & Implementation of Master __________________ 17 3. POPULATION, HOUSING, ECONOMY AND EMPLOYMENT 24 Population growth and characteristics _______________________________________ 24 Housing and Slums_______________________________________________________ 34 Economy and Employment ________________________________________________ 39 4 EXISTING LAND USE AND TRANSPORT NETWORK ______ 46 Preparation of base map __________________________________________________ 46 Enhancement through field surveys-Land use and Road network _________________ 46 Existing Land Use: LPA, Sultanpur Lodhi ______________________________________ 47 Existing Land Use: Sultanpur Lodhi town _____________________________________ 48 Existing Road-Rail Network ________________________________________________ 51 5 INFRASTRUCTURE -
Repair Programme 2018-19 Administr Ative Detail of Repair Approval Name of Name Xen/Mobile No
Repair Programme 2018-19 Administr ative Detail of Repair Approval Name of Name Xen/Mobile No. Sr. No. Distt. MC Name of Work Strengthe Premix Contractor/Agency Name of SDO/Mobile No. Length Cost Raising ning Carepet in in Km. in lacs in Km in Km Km 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 PARTAPPURA TO DERA SEN BHAGAT M/S Kiscon Xen. Gurinder Singh Cheema/ 988752700 1 Jalandhar Bilga 2.4 15.06 0 0 2.4 (16 ft wide) (1.50 km length) Construction Sdo Gurmeet Singh/ 9988452700 MAO SAHIB TO DHUSI BANDH (KHERA M/S Kiscon Xen. Gurinder Singh Cheema/ 988752700 2 Jalandhar Bilga 4.24 40.31 0 2.44 4.24 BET)VIA KULIAN TEHAL SINGH Construction Sdo Gurmeet Singh/ 9988452700 MAU SAHIB TO RURKA KALAN VIA M/S Kiscon Xen. Gurinder Singh Cheema/ 988752700 3 Jalandhar Bilga PARTABPURA MEHSAMPUR (13.15= 21.04 128.57 0.31 0.82 21.04 Construction Sdo Gurmeet Singh/ 9988452700 16' wide) PHIRNI PIND MAOSAHIB TO MAOSAHIB M/S Kiscon Xen. Gurinder Singh Cheema/ 988752700 4 Jalandhar Bilga 0.8 7.75 0 0.435 0.8 DHUSI BAND ROAD Construction Sdo Gurmeet Singh/ 9988452700 PHILLAUR RURKA KALAN TO RURKA Sh. Rakesh Kumar Xen. Gurinder Singh Cheema/ 988752700 5 Jalandhar Bilga 3.35 31.06 0 1.805 3.35 KALAN MAU SAHIB ROAD Contractor Sdo Gurmeet Singh/ 9988452700 PHILLAUR NURMAHAL ROAD TO Sh. Rakesh Kumar Xen. Gurinder Singh Cheema/ 988752700 6 Jalandhar Bilga 3.1 24.27 0 1.015 3.1 PRATABPURA VIA SANGATPUR Contractor Sdo Gurmeet Singh/ 9988452700 Sh. -
NREGA ROLL NO. LIST for TEST DATED 21/02/2019 Roll No
NREGA ROLL NO. LIST FOR TEST DATED 21/02/2019 Roll No. Post Name Name Of Candidate Father's Name Dob Address District 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Amarpreet Singh Sukhmander St.No.1,Sahibjada Jujar 1 Tech. Co.Or. 13.02.1990 Bathinda Mahal Singh Singh Nagar Near Police Thana, 2 Grs Aakash Sukhveer Singh 25.10.1999 Sada Patti, Jaito, Faridkot Faridkot Dabri Khana Road, Shemsher Grs Aftar Singh 12.07.1996 Kuddo Patti, Jaito, Faridkot Singh Faridkot Tech.Ass. Aftar Singh Shamser Singh 12.07.1996 Vpo Kudo Patti Jaitu Faridkot 3 Shamsheer Assistant Aftar Singh 12.07.1996 Dabrikhana Road Jaitu Faridkot Singh Shamsher Tech. Co.Or. Aftar Singh 12.07.1996 Kaddo Patti Jaito Faridkot Singh Vill Dhab Guru Ki, Po 4 Grs Ajadvinder Singh Roop Singh 06.09.1989 Kohar Wala Teh:Kkp, Faridkot Dist Faridkot 5 Assistant Ajay Raj Kumar 13.02.1989 Bharat Nagar, Ferozpur Village Sadiq, 6 Grs Ajmer Singh Jarnail Singh 05.03.1988 Faridkot Distt.&Tehsel Faridkot Balbir Basti, Street No. 7 Grs Akashdeep Singh Geja Singh 15.11.1995 9 (L), House No. 474, Faridkot Faridkot Lajpat Nagar, Street Block Co- Akshay Garg Jaipal Garg 19.01.1988 No. 6 B, Kotkapura, Faridkot Ordinator 8 Distt Faridkot Lajpat Nagar, Street Grs Akshay Garg Jaipal Garg 19.01.1988 No. 6 B, Kotkapura, Faridkot Distt Faridkot Vil Badiala, Po Grs Amandeep Kaur Darshan Singh 27.04.1992 Jaid,Teh Mour, Dist Bathinda 9 Bathinda Vil Badiala, Po Social Co- Amandeep Kaur Darshan Singh 27.04.1992 Jaid,Teh Mour, Dist Bathinda Ordinator Bathinda Gurcharan Vill Barkandi, Dist Sri Sri Mukatsar 10 Grs Amandeep Kaur 20.04.1987 -
Reference Made by the Supreme Court of India on Writ Petition Nos
Reference made by the Supreme Court of India on Writ Petition Nos. 447/95 and 497/95. CORAM Dr. Justice A.S. Anand Justice Shri Y. Bhaskar Rao, Member Shri R.S. Kalha, Member PRESENT 1. Shri Ashok Agrwaal,Advocate for the petitioners in W.P. No. 447/95, CIIP 2. Shri R. Venkataramani, Amicus Curiae along with Shri Ashok Panigrahi, Advocate 3. Shri C.Gonsalves, Sr, Advocate along with Shri Parminder Singh Grewal, Advocate on behalf of Committee for Coordination on Disappearances in Punjab 4. Shri H.S. Phoolka, Sr. Advocate along with Shri P.S.Grewal and Shri Siddhartha Shankar Ray, Advocates, AFDP/CCDP 5. Shri Navkiran Singh, Advocate on behalf of Smt. Paramjit Kaur & 32 applicants 6. Shri Altaf Ahmad, Senior Advocate along with Shri R.S. Suri, Advocate for the State of Punjab 7. Shri Sudhir Walia, Advocate for Punjab Police Officers 8. Shri H.S. Dhillon, I.G.P. /Commando, Punjab 9. Shri Jagdish Kumar, DIG/Lit, Punjab along with Shri H.S. Sidhu, AIG, Litigation, Punjab 10. Shri I.G. Sindwani, Under Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India 11. Shri Dhan Kishore, Public Prosecutor, CBI ORDER This matter is under consideration of the Commission on a remit from the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India. The facts and circumstances under which the reference came to be made require a brief notice at the threshold: Two writ petitions were filed before the Supreme Court of India being W.P. (Crl.) No. 497/95, Paramjit Kaur Vs. State of Punjab and others; and Writ Petition (Crl.) No. -
Administrative Atlas , Punjab
CENSUS OF INDIA 2001 PUNJAB ADMINISTRATIVE ATLAS f~.·~'\"'~ " ~ ..... ~ ~ - +, ~... 1/, 0\ \ ~ PE OPLE ORIENTED DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS, PUNJAB , The maps included in this publication are based upon SUNey of India map with the permission of the SUNeyor General of India. The territorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate base line. The interstate boundaries between Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Meghalaya shown in this publication are as interpreted from the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971 but have yet to be verified. The state boundaries between Uttaranchal & Uttar Pradesh, Bihar & Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh & Madhya Pradesh have not been verified by government concerned. © Government of India, Copyright 2006. Data Product Number 03-010-2001 - Cen-Atlas (ii) FOREWORD "Few people realize, much less appreciate, that apart from Survey of India and Geological Survey, the Census of India has been perhaps the largest single producer of maps of the Indian sub-continent" - this is an observation made by Dr. Ashok Mitra, an illustrious Census Commissioner of India in 1961. The statement sums up the contribution of Census Organisation which has been working in the field of mapping in the country. The Census Commissionarate of India has been working in the field of cartography and mapping since 1872. A major shift was witnessed during Census 1961 when the office had got a permanent footing. For the first time, the census maps were published in the form of 'Census Atlases' in the decade 1961-71. Alongwith the national volume, atlases of states and union territories were also published. -
Mobile No of Beat Incharge Name of Village Name of Sarpanch
JALANDHAR FOREST DIVISION, PHILLAUR Farmer Name of Beat Incharge Mobile no of Mobile No of Mobile No of Supply Of Poplar Name of of of Poplar Permit No count Division Range (Forest Guard) Beat Incharge Name of Village Name of sarpanch Sarpanch Name of Farmer Farmer Demand ETPs Date of supply supplier Number Clone DD MM YYY 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Saloh Nsy N/sh 1 Jalandhar Phillaur Harjinder Singh 98033-06212 Umarpur Kalan Simranjit 98553-09737 Lakhwinder Singh 95921-47841 400 400 Uday 31 1 2014 393/002 Range 2 Jalandhar Phillaur Iqbal Singh 99149-08003 Chokra Bihari lal 89683-16653 Bahadur Singh 94639-57021 1000 1000 Uday 3 2 2014 393/003 ---""--- 3 Jalandhar Phillaur Lovepreet Singh 87288-00770 Nagar Surinder Mohan 94649-13250 Lakhbir Singh 98729-12969 200 200 Uday 3 2 2014 393/004 ---""--- 4 Jalandhar Phillaur Harjinder Singh 98033-06212 Mao Sahib Prem Lal 97813-01890 Mohinder Singh 84371-21576 200 200 Uday 3 2 2014 393/005 ---""--- 5 Jalandhar Phillaur Puneet Kumar 94637-22854 Jajja Kalan Amrik Singh 98150-01394 Amrik Singh 98150-01394 150 150 Uday 3 2 2014 393/006 ---""--- 6 Jalandhar Phillaur Lovepreet Singh 87288-00770 Assahur Ravinder Singh 99145-47898 Gurdev Singh 98554-84671 400 400 Uday 3 2 2014 393/007 ---""--- 7 Jalandhar Phillaur Tirth Singh 94631-36249 Bhaini Usha Rani 97812-51666 Balbir Singh 94179-16913 200 200 Uday 3 2 2014 393/008 ---""--- 8 Jalandhar Phillaur Lovepreet Singh 87288-00770 Lasara Gurmeet Kaur 98762-50337 Ravinder Singh 98783-03785 300 300 Uday 3 2 2014 393/009 ---""--- 9 Jalandhar -
Pincode Officename Statename Minisectt Ropar S.O Thermal Plant
pincode officename districtname statename 140001 Minisectt Ropar S.O Rupnagar PUNJAB 140001 Thermal Plant Colony Ropar S.O Rupnagar PUNJAB 140001 Ropar H.O Rupnagar PUNJAB 140101 Morinda S.O Ropar PUNJAB 140101 Bhamnara B.O Rupnagar PUNJAB 140101 Rattangarh Ii B.O Rupnagar PUNJAB 140101 Saheri B.O Rupnagar PUNJAB 140101 Dhangrali B.O Rupnagar PUNJAB 140101 Tajpura B.O Rupnagar PUNJAB 140102 Lutheri S.O Ropar PUNJAB 140102 Rollumajra B.O Ropar PUNJAB 140102 Kainaur B.O Ropar PUNJAB 140102 Makrauna Kalan B.O Rupnagar PUNJAB 140102 Samana Kalan B.O Rupnagar PUNJAB 140102 Barsalpur B.O Ropar PUNJAB 140102 Chaklan B.O Rupnagar PUNJAB 140102 Dumna B.O Ropar PUNJAB 140103 Kurali S.O Mohali PUNJAB 140103 Allahpur B.O Mohali PUNJAB 140103 Burmajra B.O Rupnagar PUNJAB 140103 Chintgarh B.O Rupnagar PUNJAB 140103 Dhanauri B.O Rupnagar PUNJAB 140103 Jhingran Kalan B.O Rupnagar PUNJAB 140103 Kalewal B.O Mohali PUNJAB 140103 Kaishanpura B.O Rupnagar PUNJAB 140103 Mundhon Kalan B.O Mohali PUNJAB 140103 Sihon Majra B.O Rupnagar PUNJAB 140103 Singhpura B.O Mohali PUNJAB 140103 Sotal B.O Rupnagar PUNJAB 140103 Sahauran B.O Mohali PUNJAB 140108 Mian Pur S.O Rupnagar PUNJAB 140108 Pathreri Jattan B.O Rupnagar PUNJAB 140108 Rangilpur B.O Rupnagar PUNJAB 140108 Sainfalpur B.O Rupnagar PUNJAB 140108 Singh Bhagwantpur B.O Rupnagar PUNJAB 140108 Kotla Nihang B.O Ropar PUNJAB 140108 Behrampur Zimidari B.O Rupnagar PUNJAB 140108 Ballamgarh B.O Rupnagar PUNJAB 140108 Purkhali B.O Rupnagar PUNJAB 140109 Khizrabad West S.O Mohali PUNJAB 140109 Kubaheri B.O Mohali PUNJAB -
List of Punjab Pradesh Congress Seva Dal
LIST OF PUNJAB PRADESH CONGRESS SEVA DAL CHIEF ORGANISER 1. Shri Nirmal Singh Kaira Chief Organiser Punjab Pradesh Congress Seva Dal Kira Property Dealer 2322/1, Basti Abdulpur Dist- Ludhiana, Punjab Tel:0161-2423750, 9888183101 07986253321 [email protected] Mahila Organiser 2 Smt. Mukesh Dhariwal Mahila Organiser Punjab Pradesh Congress Seva Dal, H.No.32, Pritam Park Ablowal Road, District- Patiala Punjab Tel-09417319371, 8146955691 1 Shri Manohar Lal Mannan Additional Chief Organiser Punjab Pradesh Congress Seva Dal Prem Street,Near Police Station Cheharta Dist- Amritsar Punjab Tel: 0183-2258264, 09814652728 ORGANISER 1 Shri Manjit Kumar Sharma 2. Mrs. Inder Mohi Organiser Organiser Punjab Pradesh Congress Seva Dal Punjab Pradesh Congress Seva Dal Sharma House Sirhind House No- 4210, Street No-10 Ward No- 15, G.T. Road Bara Guru Arjun Dev Nagar Sirhind, Fatehgarh Sahib Near Tajpur Road Punjab Dist- Ludhiana(Punjab) Tel: 01763- 227082, 09357129110 Tel: 0161-2642272 3 Shri Surjit Singh Gill 4 Shri Harmohinder Singh Grover Organiser Organiser Punjab Pradesh Congress Seva Dal Punjab Pradesh Congress Seva Dal C.M.C. Maitenary Hospital Street No-5, New Suraj Nagari Ludhiana(Punjab) Abohar Tel: 09815304476 Punjab Tel-09876867060 5 Shri Thakur Saheb Singh 6 Shri S. Gurmail Singh Brar Organiser Organiser Punjab Pradesh Cong.Seva Dal Punjab Pradesh Congress Seva Dal House No-M-163, Phase-7 190, New Sunder Nagar , Mohali Po –Thricko Dist- Ropar(Punjab) Dist- Ludhiana(Punjab) Tel: 9417040907 Tel: 0161- 255043, 9815650543 7 Smt. Leela -
RMSA-HEAD MASTER Page 1
RMSA-HEAD MASTER Govt Comm Ex- Physical Registration Mother's Catego Freedom Sports . ittee SR.NO Name Father's Name Servicem Handica P_Address P_District Observations Number Name ry Fighter Person Serv No an p ant 1. EXPERIENCE CERTIFICATE IS NOT COUNTER Not Not Not V&PO SIGNED BY DEO HEM RAJ SHAKUNTLA 2. EXPERIENCE AS PRT CADRE . 1 1 R001-00036123 KAMINI MANRO General Applicabl Applicabl Applicabl No No MULLANPUR S.A.S. NAGAR MANRO MANRO 3. TWO EXPERIENCE CERTIFICATES ISSUED ON 10- e e e GARIBDASS 02-14. 4.INSUFFICIENT EXPERIENCE. 1. INSUFFICIENT EXPERIENCE 2. EXPERIENCE CERTIFICATES ISSUED ON 10-02-14 Not Not Not AMANDEEP HARBANS SARDOOL SINGH VPO & 11-02-14. 1 2 R001-00033669 BALTEJ SINGH General Applicabl Applicabl Applicabl No No FARIDKOT 3. EXP. CERT. HAS NOT BEEN COUNTERSIGNED BY KAUR KAUR BHAGTHALA KHURD e e e DEO 4. EXP. CERT. NOT PRODUCED ON REQUIRED PERFORMA Not Not Not 1) BPED AND MPED FROM NAGPUR UNI IN 1998- NIRANJAN NEAR BOYS SCHOOL, 2001 1 3 R001-00006154 HARJIT SINGH BALDEV SINGH General Applicabl Applicabl Applicabl No No MANSA KAUR VPO JOGA 2) MPHILL FROM VINAYAKA UNIV IN 2009. e e e 3) EXPERIENCE CERTIFICATE ISSUED ON 07-02-14 W/O ANIL JASUJA Not Not Not SUBHASH SANTOSH RADHA SWAMI 1 4 R001-00032469 SHIVANI General Applicabl Applicabl Applicabl No No FAZILKA 1. INSUFFICIENT EXPERIENCE CHANDER SACHDEVA COLONY STREET NO 1 e e e HOUSE NO A 1049 FAZILKA H NO 2449 2ND Not Not Not RAM CHANDER MEENA CROSSING ST NO 6 1 5 R001-00002246 DEEPTY THAKUR General Applicabl Applicabl Applicabl No No FAZILKA 1.EXPERIENCE CERTIFICATE ISSUED ON 29-12-13 THAKUR THAKUR SIDHU NAGRI e e e ABOHAR RAJIV MONGA C/O 1. -
TARN TARAN DISTRICT Sr.No. Name & Address With
TARN TARAN DISTRICT Sr.No. Name & address with pin code number of school District 1 Govt. Sr. Secondary School (G), Fatehabad. Tarn Taran 2 Govt. Sr. Secondary School, Bhikhi Wind. Tarn Taran 3 Govt. High School (B), Verowal. Tarn Taran 4 Govt. High School (B), Sursingh. Tarn Taran 5 Govt. High School, Pringri. Tarn Taran 6 Govt. Sr. Secondary School, Khadoor Sahib. Tarn Taran 7 Govt. Sr. Secondary School, Ekal Gadda. Tarn Taran 8 Govt. Sr. Secondary School, Jahangir Tarn Taran 9 Govt. High School (B), Nagoke. Tarn Taran 10 Govt. Sr. Secondary School, Fatehabad. Tarn Taran 11 Govt. High School, Kallah. Tarn Taran 12 Govt. Sr. Secondary School (B), Tarn Taran. Tarn Taran 13 Govt. Sr. Secondary School (G), Tarn Taran Tarn Taran 14 Govt. Sr. Secondary, Pandori Ran Singh. Tarn Taran 15 Govt. High School (B), Chahbal Tarn Taran 16 Govt. Sr. Secondary School (G), Chahbal Tarn Taran 17 Govt. Sr. Secondary School, Kirtowal. Tarn Taran 18 Govt. Sr. Secondary School (B), Naushehra Panuan. Tarn Taran 19 Govt. Sr. Secondary School, Tur. Tarn Taran 20 Govt. Sr. Secondary School, Goindwal Sahib Tarn Taran 21 Govt. Sr. Secondary School (B), Chohla Sahib. Tarn Taran 22 Govt. High School (B), Dhotian. Tarn Taran 23 Govt. High School (G), Dhotian. Tarn Taran 24 Govt. High School, Sheron. Tarn Taran 25 Govt. High School, Thathian Mahanta. Tarn Taran 26 Govt. Sr. Secondary School (B), Patti. Tarn Taran 27 Govt. Sr. Secondary School (G), Patti. Tarn Taran 28 Govt. Sr. Secondary School, Dubli. Tarn Taran Centre for Environment Education, Nehru Foundation for Development, Thaltej Tekra, Ahmedabad 380 054 India Phone: (079) 2685 8002 - 05 Fax: (079) 2685 8010, Email: [email protected], Website: www.paryavaranmitra.in 29 Govt. -
Census of India 2011 Punjab
lR;eso t;rs CENSUS OF INDIA 2011 PUNJAB SERIES-04 PART XII-A DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK MUKTSAR VILLAGE AND TOWN DIRECTORY DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS PUNJAB CENSUS OF INDIA 2011 PUNJAB SERIES – 4 Part XII-A DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK MUKTSAR PART-A VILLAGE AND TOWN DIRECTORY Directorate of Census Operations, Punjab ii INDIA PUNJAB DISTRICT MUKTSAR F R R U G O P U M Z 2011 R U D O I S IR KILOMETRES H F A T R O R 5 0 5 10 15 20 S T A I H A I C R T U F OT DK RI F A FA R TAHSIL BARIWALA TO OM J P (N.P.)G AL MUKTSAR R AL A ! BA Z D A )E G6 I UDE KARAN SARAI NAGA MUKTSAR E D (M.Cl.) )M ) 6 ! O RS PR ! ! BARI HARI K BALLAMGARH FR BHAGSAR G THANDEWALA OM LEKHEWALI ! F ! G C.D.BLOCKS AZ O ILK A 6 R ! 1 G ! RUPANA T A - MUKTSAR H ! MALLAN S 6 ! KAUNI T I G O CHAK CHIBRANWALI JAITU B - KOT BHAI DODA G ! BHANGCHARI G C - MALOUT G B KOTLI ABLU F C SUKHA ABLU ! F ROM PANIWALA FATTA C FA TAHSIL ! BHALAIANA D - LAMBI ZILK A G A GIDDERBAHA JOHAR D ! ALAMWALA G ! C ! N ! I T GURUSAR ^_ C B MADHIR KOT BHAI H SARAWAN G ! MALOUT(Rural) HUSNAR T C ! ! 6 TO BATHINDA A MALOUT 5 RS I 1 R NH (M.Cl.)! R G B 6 G ! !CHHAPIANWALI GIDDERBAHA (M.Cl.) ABO HAR FROM BURJ SIDHWAN )E T R LAL BAI G C ABUL KHURANA ! I T G R MAHNI D LAMBI KHERA ! ! BADAL MEHMUD N T S PHULU KHERA H ^_ KHERA CHANNU G 1 6 DISTRICT HEADQUARTERS IS ALSO TAHSIL G 0 G S AND C.D. -
Physical Geography of the Punjab
19 Gosal: Physical Geography of Punjab Physical Geography of the Punjab G. S. Gosal Formerly Professor of Geography, Punjab University, Chandigarh ________________________________________________________________ Located in the northwestern part of the Indian sub-continent, the Punjab served as a bridge between the east, the middle east, and central Asia assigning it considerable regional importance. The region is enclosed between the Himalayas in the north and the Rajputana desert in the south, and its rich alluvial plain is composed of silt deposited by the rivers - Satluj, Beas, Ravi, Chanab and Jhelam. The paper provides a detailed description of Punjab’s physical landscape and its general climatic conditions which created its history and culture and made it the bread basket of the subcontinent. ________________________________________________________________ Introduction Herodotus, an ancient Greek scholar, who lived from 484 BCE to 425 BCE, was often referred to as the ‘father of history’, the ‘father of ethnography’, and a great scholar of geography of his time. Some 2500 years ago he made a classic statement: ‘All history should be studied geographically, and all geography historically’. In this statement Herodotus was essentially emphasizing the inseparability of time and space, and a close relationship between history and geography. After all, historical events do not take place in the air, their base is always the earth. For a proper understanding of history, therefore, the base, that is the earth, must be known closely. The physical earth and the man living on it in their full, multi-dimensional relationships constitute the reality of the earth. There is no doubt that human ingenuity, innovations, technological capabilities, and aspirations are very potent factors in shaping and reshaping places and regions, as also in giving rise to new events, but the physical environmental base has its own role to play.