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Southernafrica SOUTHERN AFRICA Angola, Botswana, Comoros, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ACTIVITIES UNTIL 30 JUNE 2002 On 4 April 2002, the Government of Angola Operations in Namibia and Zambia are and armed rebel forces signed a cease-fire, described in separate country chapters. thus ending a 27 year-long civil war. The main priorities of the Government are now In Angola, during the reporting period, the orderly settlement of former UNITA UNHCR provided protection and basic fighters and their families, the reintegration humanitarian assistance to refugees and of IDPs and the return of refugees. In June, asylum-seekers from DRC. Refugees benefited UNHCR's Assistant High Commissioner from adequate support in the essential visited the sub-region to discuss the Office's sectors of food, water, health and education. role in the future repatriation of Angolan In addition, UNHCR continued to develop refugees residing in neighbouring countries, activities to enhance the self-reliance of mainly in Zambia, the Democratic Republic refugees. These include a wide-range of of the Congo (DRC), and Namibia. UNHCR skills-training (including languages, computer is still preparing the regional repatriation courses, and tailoring) as well as income- plan. The organised repatriation is planned generating projects. At the end of June 2002, to begin in early 2003. Meanwhile, UNHCR the number of beneficiaries of the micro- provided support to spontaneous returnees. It credit scheme initiated in mid-2001 reached is estimated that by the end of June 2002, 132, the majority of whom were women. some 22,000 refugees returned spontaneously. The active participation of refugees in the management of the camps was encouraged PROGRESS TOWARDS OBJECTIVES, and regular consultative meetings were held AND CONSTRAINTS ENCOUNTERED between refugee representatives, implementing partners and UNHCR. In Zimbabwe, in view of the difficult socio- economic situation before and after the With the progressive restoration of peace in recent elections, UNHCR prepared a the country, the Government of Angola has regional emergency and preparedness plan. shown increased interest in the local So far, no significant population displacements integration of the Congolese refugees. have taken place. Nevertheless, UNHCR Discussions between UNHCR and the continued to monitor the situation and will Government for ensuring permanent sites update the plan according to further with access to farming land were conducted developments. for this purpose. In May, the Governments of Botswana and The UNHCR programme initiated in June Namibia signed a revised draft agreement 2000 for IDPs, including community-based with UNHCR for the return of some 2,400 infrastructure rehabilitation projects, capacity- Namibian refugees from the Dukwi building, and provision of health and social settlement. Following the signature, UNHCR services, as well as micro-credit schemes, organised a “go and see” visit by Namibian continued to be implemented during the first refugee representatives, as well as scheduled half of the year. While providing support to a follow-up technical meeting to take place IDPs, the programme also improved the in Windhoek in July 2002. conditions for the future reintegration of returnees. It is estimated that close to half a million refugees covered by the programme UNHCR Mid-Year Progress Report 2002 - 120 in the region originate from Moxico, Uige, Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and Negage and Zaire. Under a UN co-ordinated Somalia. intervention, UNHCR and OCHA implemented a nationwide protection capacity-building UNHCR faced difficulties in the first half of programme. Protection workshops were the year in providing food to all the organised throughout the country and refugees, due to the severe food shortage working groups at the provincial level which took place in the country after crops developed an action plan. were destroyed by the floods in the northern, southern and central regions, and the dry In Botswana, UNHCR reviewed the spell which took place from February to distribution of activities by each operational March 2002. In June 2002, UNHCR signed partner in order to improve the quality of an agreement with WFP and the Malawi Red assistance provided to the refugees. Cross Society which will allow WFP to carry Agreements were signed with new implementing out food assistance under an emergency partners. Substantive progress was made operation for a period of one year. under the sectors of shelter and income generation. At the end of June 2002, double The Office further encouraged refugees to shelter units with pit latrines were completed become self-sufficient by providing 350 and occupied by 42 families (unaccompanied families with seeds and fertilisers, as well as women were given priority under this by granting loans to vulnerable refugees in scheme). Several business ventures were need. established, including a brick moulding association that during the first six months Mozambique continued to experience an of the year produced 80,000 bricks with a increase in the number of asylum-seekers market value of USD 15,000. A tie and dye entering the country. From January to June project was implemented, which focused on 2002, there was an increase in the number of embroidery and tailoring. This project was new arrivals from 5,320 to 6,380. awarded a contract by the Botswana Christian Council to produce 1,000 uniforms In the first half of the year, UNHCR for pupils. UNHCR provided the initial negotiated the construction of houses and capital and equipment to all the above temporary sheds in the Marratane camp in ventures operated as independent commercial Nampula, the move of the new arrivals in businesses. Overall, the results have been Maputo to Nampula, and the closure of the positive, but progress remains to be made, in Bobole camp with the Government of particular, in financial bookkeeping. Under Mozambique. In May 2002, the Office the health sector, results of medical tests reached an agreement with the Government showed that approximately 25 per cent of to build 100 houses for the refugees. The pregnant refugee women who volunteered houses will be built by the refugees under for HIV/AIDS tests were positive. The the technical guidance of UNHCR or NGOs. figures could be even higher if the tests were In order to better control the assistance mandatory. The Office in co-ordination with provided to new arrivals in Maputo, the new the Government increased awareness on arrivals in Maputo will be moved to HIV/AIDS, through the refugee peer Nampula during the first weeks of arrival to educators’ project on HIV/AIDS, as well as the country. Due to the increased number of the government programme on the beneficiaries, UNHCR will maintain the prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Bobole refugee camp until the end of the year and further develop the Marratane camp In Malawi, there was an increase in new in Nampula. arrivals to the country, from some 6,200 to 9, 240, an average of 500 individuals per UNHCR supported the Government in its month from January to June 2002. Most of refugee status determination (RSD) them came from Burundi, the Democratic procedures. The Office provided them with UNHCR Mid-Year Progress Report 2002 - 121 training on refugee protection, shared in the process of developing business plans. interview techniques, and improved their The network of four legal counsellors in the access to information on country of origin. main urban centres continued to provide advice and support to asylum-seekers and The Office is facilitating the voluntary return refugees. The counsellors interviewed and of some 41 refugees from Mozambique to assisted over 850 refugees and asylum- the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Four seekers in the areas of: housing/labour refugees were resettled to Canada. disputes; appeals against negative decisions on asylum claims; legal representation of The UNHCR office in South Africa unaccompanied minors; screening of organised a number of events in voluntary repatriation and resettlement commemoration of World Refugee Day in cases; and the filing of complaints related to June 2002, in an effort to facilitate an harassment and xenophobia-related attacks. environment conducive to the local integration of refugees, and as part of an In May 2001, the DHA announced it would awareness raising effort. Events included a be issuing identity documents to recognised national creative writing competition among refugees, as provided for in the 1998 South African school children; a photo, arts Refugee Act. The issuance of the identity and crafts exhibit, the launching of a skills cards, initially delayed, started in June when training programmes for refugee women; 485 cards were processed. All these cards and a high profile fashion show held at the are to be distributed by end of July. The National Gallery. DHA expects to be able to clear the backlog of some 1,500 pending IDs during the month With regard to the ongoing integration- of July. related programmes, UNHCR sponsored skills and language training programmes for UNHCR, through its implementing partners, refugees. Some 300 refugees (48 per cent provided short-term basic material assistance women) were enrolled in these programmes to some 1,800 needy refugees and asylum- during the first half of the year. Primary and seekers. The assistance included accommodation, secondary education was sponsored for 673 food
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