(Dissostichus Eleginoides) Fishery

Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) 2nd Surveillance Audit

SARPC Kerguelen and Crozet toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) fishery

On behalf of

SARPC

Prepared by

Control Union (UK) Limited

June 2021

Authors: Dr. Sophie des Clers Dr. Mathias Deleau

Control Union (UK) Limited 56 High Street, Lymington, Hampshire, SO41 9AH United Kingdom Tel: 01590 613007 Fax: 01590 671573 Email: [email protected] Web: http://uk.controlunion.com

Contents

CONTENTS ...... 1 QA...... 2

GLOSSARY ...... 3

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 5

2 REPORT DETAILS ...... 6 2.1 Surveillance information ...... 6

3 BACKGROUND ...... 8 3.1 Version details ...... 8 3.2 Unit(s) of Assessment (UoA) ...... 9 3.3 Vessel list ...... 10 3.4 General remarks ...... 10 3.5 Principle 1 ...... 11 3.5.1 TACs and quotas ...... 11 3.5.2 Scientific advice ...... 11 3.5.3 Fishery management plan (FMP) ...... 11 3.5.4 Principle 1 overall conclusion ...... 12 3.6 Principle 2 ...... 12 3.6.1 Primary and secondary species ...... 12 3.6.2 Impacts on seabirds and marine mammals ...... 15 3.6.3 Principle 2 overall conclusion ...... 16 3.7 Principle 3 ...... 16 3.7.1 New FMP ...... 16 3.7.2 Stakeholder participation and initiatives ...... 17 3.7.3 MCS and compliance ...... 17 3.7.4 Principle 3 overall conclusion ...... 18 3.8 Traceability ...... 18 3.9 Harmonisation ...... 18

4 RESULTS ...... 18 4.1 Surveillance results overview ...... 18 4.1.1 Total Allowable Catch (TAC) and Catch Data ...... 18 4.1.2 Summary of conditions ...... 19 4.1.3 Recommendations ...... 19 4.2 Rescoring Performance Indicators ...... 19 4.3 Conditions ...... 19 4.3.1 Progress against Condition 1 ...... 19 4.4 Client action plan...... 21

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4.5 Recommendations ...... 21 4.6 Principle level scores ...... 22

5 REFERENCES...... 23

6 EVALUATION PROCESSES AND TECHNIQUES ...... 24 6.1 Site visit ...... 24 6.2 Stakeholder participation ...... 24

Role Signature Date Originator: S Des Clers 25th May 2021 Reviewer: B O’Kane 16th June 2021 Approver: T Tsuzaki 17th June 2021

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Glossary

Acronym Definition ACAP Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels C3P Comité des bonnes pratiques de la pêche palangrière (TAAF Longline fishery Best Practice Committee) CAB Conformity Assessment Body CBC Code de Bonne Conduite (code of conduct) for minimising bycatch CC Conseil Consultatif (TAAF) CCAMLR Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources CEBC-CNRS Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (research on birds and marine mammal fisheries interactions) CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNSP Centre National de Surveillance des Pêches (French national FMC) COPEC Contrôleur de Pêche CoC Chain of Custody CPUE Catch Per Unit Effort CROSS-RU Centre Régional de Surveillance et de Sauvetage de la Réunion (MEDDE) CU UK Control Union UK Ltd. DE Direction de l’Environnement (TAAF) DMSOI Direction de la Mer – Sud de l’Océan Indien (MEDDE) DPQM Direction des Pêches et des Questions Maritimes (TAAF) EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone ETP Endangered, Threatened, Protected (species) FCR 2.0 Fisheries Certification Requirements (MSC scheme document) FCP 2.1 Fisheries Certification Process (MSC scheme document) FMC Fisheries Monitoring Centre FMP Fishery Management Plan GBPE Guide de Bonnes Pratiques Environnementales GRT Gross Tonnage GTPA Groupe de Travail Pêche Australe HCR Harvest Control Rule HIMI Heard Island and MacDonald Islands (Australia) IRCS International Radio Call Sign IUU Illegal, Unreported, Unregulated (fisheries) LRP Limit Reference Point MTE Ministère de la Transition Écologique MAA Ministère de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation MNHN Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (in Paris, France) nm Nautical mile MOM Ministère des Outre-mer MPA Marine Protected Area (= AMP Aire Marine Protégée) MSY Maximum Sustainable Yield (= RMD Rendement Maximum Durable) PCR Public Certification Report PI Performance indicator (of the MSC Standard)

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Acronym Definition RFMO Regional Fisheries Management Organisation RNN Réserve Nationale Naturelle des TAAF SARPC Syndicats des Armements Réunionnais de Palangriers Congélateurs SG Scoring Guidepost SGS - Réunion Quantity surveyors (certification of all landings) SSB Spawning Stock Biomass TAAF Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises TAC Total Allowable Catch TRP Target Reference Point UoA Unit of Assessment UoC Unit of Certification VME Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems VMS Vessel Monitoring System WG-FSA CCAMLR Working Group on Fish Stock Assessment WG-SAM CCAMLR Working Group on Statistics, Assessment, Modelling WG-EMM CCAMLR Working Group on Ecosystem Monitoring and Management

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1 Executive Summary

This report is for the second annual surveillance audit of the SARPC Kerguelen and Crozet toothfish fishery since its re-certification. It is undertaken by Control Union UK (Ltd) against the MSC standard (v2.01) and Fishery Certification Process (FCP V2.2). The Kerguelen fishery component was first certified as sustainable on the 29th of August 2013 and the Crozet component on the 16th of December 2016 through an expedited assessment as an extension of scope of the certified SARPC toothfish Kerguelen fishery. The joint fishery was re-certified on 20th December 2018 with one condition. The surveillance audit was carried out remotely by Dr Sophie des Clers (Team leader) and Dr Mathias Deleau (Project manager and Traceability) over two half days, on the 29th and 31st March 2021. For Principle 1: Kerguelen UoA1 and Crozet UoA2 toothfish (D. eleginoides) stocks are managed through the new six-year TAAF Fishery Management Plan (2019 – 2025). The FMP pledges to keep the stock spawning biomass (SSB) for both stocks at a level of 60% of the virgin biomass (B0). TACs are fixed for three years and follow scientific advice. For Principle 2: No material changes of the fisheries impacts were identified for Principle 2. The scores applied at the time of re-assessment remain consistent with the MSC standard. Evidence of progress against the condition for PI 2.2.2(e) regarding management of the fishery’s impact on rays specifically, is diverse and impressive. Progress is ‘on target’. Numerous initiatives are ongoing, aiming to better characterise and ultimately reduce the fishery’s impacts on all Principle 2 components. For Principle 3: The new FMP integrates the Réserve Nationale Naturelle des TAAF (RNN) emphasis on reducing the fishery’s impacts at all levels of the ecosystems. Stakeholder participation is being reinforced, despite the limiting circumstances imposed by the COVID- 19 pandemic. Principle 3 remains in conformity with the MSC Principles and Criteria. The fishery was re-certified with one condition, for PI2.2.2e, on the management to reduce the fishery’s impacts on rays/ skates. A comprehensive array of activities has been put in place and been initiated. Progress is ‘on target’. After the 1st surveillance audit, five recommendations remained. These are being addressed in depth by all stakeholders. No re-scoring was required. The fishery’ UoAs Principle-level scores remain as previous and are indicated in the table below.

Score Score Principle UoA1 - UoA2 - Kerguelen Crozet Principle 1 – Target Species 85.0 83.3 Principle 2 – Ecosystem Impacts 89.7 89.7 Principle 3 – Management System 84.8 84.8

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Following consideration of all stakeholders’ inputs, of the relevant stock assessments and of new information provided by the client group, by the fishery’s managers and their scientific advisors, the fishery assessment team concludes that the fishery remains in conformity with the MSC standard. 2 Report Details

2.1 Surveillance information

1 Fishery name

SARPC Kerguelen and Crozet toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) fishery

2 Unit(s) of Assessment (UoA)

UoA1: Kerguelen toothfish stock

UoA2: Crozet toothfish stock

3 Date Certified Date of Expiry

20 August 2013 19 June 2024

4 Surveillance Level and Type

Level 4: Year 2 surveillance audit, held remotely in line with MSC COVID-19 Derogation 6

5 Surveillance Number

1st Surveillance 2nd Surveillance X Off-site 3rd Surveillance 4th Surveillance Other (expedited etc)

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6 Surveillance team leader

Name Dr Sophie des Clers Areas of Team Leader responsibility Competency Sophie is an independent scientific expert in fisheries management systems. She criteria (Annex PC) is a qualified MSC auditor and a member of the MSC peer review college. Sophie has a PhD in Biometrics and a Master’s degree in Public Policy. She has been involved MSC assessments and pre-assessments including cod, haddock, saithe, sole, herring, blue whiting, sardine, tuna and billfish, lobster, and whelk fisheries. Sophie has extensive knowledge of Southern Ocean fisheries, having worked on the UK Falkland Islands toothfish fishery, and having been involved with the SARPC toothfish fishery since its pre-assessment in 2010. She speaks fluent French, the main language in which the fishery operates. Sophie thus meets the following competency criterion in Table PC3: - Current knowledge of the country, language, and local fishery context. Having completed the v2.0 training, she is a fully qualified Team Leader (Table PC1) and is trained in the Risk Based Framework (RBF) requirements which were applied in this assessment. With over 30 years’ experience in fisheries ecology and management, Sophie meets the competency criteria in Table PC3: - Fishing impacts on aquatic ecosystems; - Fishery management and operations. Sophie has completed the required Fishery Team Leader MSC training modules for the V2.0 Fisheries Certification Requirements and V2.2 of the Fisheries Certification Process. She also holds an ISO19011 lead auditor qualification Based on the information above and Sophie’s CV. Control Union UK are confident she meets the requirements of Table PC1.2, Fishery Team Leader, PC3. Fishery management and operations and PC3.5 Current knowledge of country, language, and local fishery context Conflict of interest Control Union has reviewed Sophie’s information and found no conflict of in relation to this interest. fishery On-site or off-site Off-site CV Available on request - 7 Surveillance team member

- Name Dr Mathias Deleau Areas of Team manager and Traceability responsibility Competency Mathias obtained his PhD from the University of Southampton looking at the criteria (Annex PC) “impacts of anthropogenic sounds on fish behaviour” following an MSc in Marine Ecology and Environmental Management (Queen Mary University of London) and an MSc in Applied Ethology and Animal Behaviour (Linkoping Universität – Sweden). A French citizen, he also spent 3 years at the University of Toulouse where he obtained the French equivalent of a BSc in “Biologie des Organismes, Populations and Ecosystèmes” (Université Paul Sabatier – Toulouse). Mathias has a broad knowledge of both freshwater and marine ecosystems and has been involved in several projects dealing with the conservation and management of various species in addition to fish. For example, he worked on: the Parc Marin International des Bouches de Bonifacio

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(Corsica - FR) as a field researcher; the Centro Ricerca Delfini (Caprera - IT) on monitoring bottlenose dolphin populations, and finally as a field researcher for Birdlife Malta on storm petrels and shearwaters populations management. He has completed the MSC online training for CoC (2019 version) and Fisheries (v2.0, v2.1 and v2.2) including Traceability v2.0 and v2.1 module. Mathias holds an ISO 19011 lead auditor qualification. Based on the information above and Mathias’ CV, Control Union are confident he meets the requirements of Table PC3 4. Fishery management and operations, PC3.6 – CoC Standard and Certification Requirements (Traceability) and PC3.5 Current knowledge of country, language, and local fishery context Conflict of interest Control Union has reviewed Mathias’s information and found no conflict of in relation to this interest. fishery On-site or off-site Off-site CV Available on request - 8 Audit/review time and location

The off-site audit took place through tele-conferences over two half days, the 29th and 31st March 2021 to accommodate time differences between Ile de La Réunion (GMT+3), France mainland (GMT+1) and the UK (GMT).

9 Assessment and review activities

During the audit, Control Union communicated with the client and relevant stakeholders and used all available information to assess and review: • Any changes to the fishery and its management including those to management systems, regulation, and relevant personnel assessments. • Any changes to the scientific base of information such as stock assessments. • Any changes to the scientific base of information such as impacts on non-target species.

• Will review progress against the condition associated with this fishery (PI 2.2.2e). • Harmonization against the other fisheries certified on the MSC program. • Any developments or changes within the fishery that may impact on traceability and the ability to segregate MSC from non-MSC products. • Any other significant changes in the fishery, and • Monitor progress against the five recommendations.

10 Stakeholder Opportunities

Stakeholders are encouraged to provide information either through the MSC stakeholder input

form or by arranging for a remote meeting with the assessment team in the week of the audits.

3 Background

3.1 Version details

The re-certification assessment was undertaken in accordance with MSC Fisheries Certification Requirements (FCR) version 2.0 for assessment procedure and scoring. The Risk- Based Framework (RBF) was used to score PI 2.2.1 (Secondary species outcome). The MSC reference documents used for this surveillance audit are listed in Table 1.

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Table 1. Fisheries programme documents versions

Document Version number MSC Fisheries Certification Process Version 2.2 MSC Fisheries Standard Version 2.01 MSC General Certification Requirements Version 2.4.1 MSC Reporting Template Version 2.1

3.2 Unit(s) of Assessment (UoA)

Control Union (CU UK) confirms that the fishery under audit remains within in the scope of the MSC Fisheries Standard (7.4 of the MSC Fisheries Certification Process v2.2): • The target species is not an amphibian, reptile, bird, or mammal. • The fishery does not use poisons or explosives. • The fishery is not conducted under a controversial unilateral exemption to an international agreement. • The client or client group does not include an entity that has been convicted for a forced or child labour violation in the last 2 years and submitted a completed forced and child labour policy statement. • The client or client group does not include an entity that has been convicted for shark finning violations within the last 2 years. • The fishery has in place a mechanism for resolving disputes, and disputes do not overwhelm the fishery. • The fishery is not an enhanced fishery as per the MSC FCP v.2.2 7.4.6; and • The fishery is not an introduced species-based fishery as per the MSC FCP v2.2 7.4.7. Control Union UK confirms that the client group has submitted the completed ‘Certificate Holder Forced and Child Labour Policies, Practices and Measures Template’ prior to the start of this assessment. The fishery has two Units of Assessment (UoA), one for each of the two toothfish stocks, in the waters around Kerguelen and around Crozet, as indicated in Table 2. Table 2. SARPC toothfish fishery Units of Assessment (UoA)

UoA1 UoA2 Species Toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) Stocks Kerguelen Crozet Geographical range of fishery France TAAF EEZ Kerguelen, FAO 58 France TAAF EEZ Crozet, FAO 58 Fishing gear Demersal bottom-set longline Syndicat des Armements Réunionnais de Palangriers Congélateurs Client group (SARPC) Other eligible fishers None

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3.3 Vessel list

The same seven vessels have been operating in the fishery since the autumn 2018. The vessel list is available at https://fisheries.msc.org/en/fisheries/sarpc-toothfish/@@certificates and given in Table 3. Table 3. SARPC longliner vessels in the fishery – (since autumn 2018)

IMO Vessel Company IRCS Length (m) GRT Number Albius SAPMER 9245433 FPXK 55.49 1 295 Cap Horn I SAPMER 9246968 FQBI 55.49 1 295 Cap Kersaint Cap Bourbon 9747601 FISH 59.45 2 086 Ile Bourbon Armements Réunionnais 9245421 FOSP 55.49 1 295 Ile de la Réunion II Comata-Scapêche 9831878 FLBT 62.80 1 895 Mascareignes III Armas Pêche 9245407 FOVB 55.49 1 295 Saint-André Pêche Avenir 9511181 FNTD 56.40 1 282

3.4 General remarks

As for all fisheries worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected operations. Restrictions of air travel and quarantine obligations limited opportunities for crew change for some vessels, resulting in longer fishing trips (up to 95 days for one vessel) and sometimes less experienced crew. Since the fishery’s origins, possible fishing crew interactions with isolated remote communities at the scientific bases of Kerguelen and Crozet have meant that bio- security protocols have been in place for a long time. The pandemic also had severe consequences on trade, maritime transport, and decreased world prices of toothfish products. Demand, especially from China and the US, was severely reduced for months, while the Dollar currency also decreased significantly in 2020, resulting in lower sales revenue and large freezer storage over-capacity. Notably, scientific observers were dispatched on all vessels, and some planned additional on- board scientific investigations were also organised. Fishing ground locations and fishing intensity of the two UoAs remained as in previous years (MNHN, pers. comm., maps from DMSOI). The TAAF administrative services are still being strengthened1, and numerous research projects are progressing. The new TAAF fishery management plan (FMP) for toothfish (2019- 2025) was initiated in the 2019-2020 fishing season. It includes a three-year set of annual TAC (2019-2022), technical measures that may be revised or set annually, and new monitoring and evaluation processes. Details are reviewed under each Principle of the MSC standard below. In-person meetings had to be cancelled during the 2019-2020 season including the C3P (or the Comité des bonnes pratiques de la pêche palangrière - the TAAF Longline fishery Best Practice Committee)), but regular communications between the fishery managers, scientists and vessel operators and crew still happened. Data communication between

1 See https://taaf.fr/content/uploads/2021/04/A-2021-25-organisation-des-services.pdf

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ministries has also been revised, resulting in the dataset generated by the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN) for this audit also shared with the SARPC in advance of the surveillance audit.

3.5 Principle 1

3.5.1 TACs and quotas

3.5.2 Scientific advice

Assessments are reviewed biennially during CCAMLR Fish Stock Assessment Working Group WG-FSA meeting, the last assessment was in 2019 for both UoAs. The WG-FSA did not convene in 2020, the next meeting is scheduled to take place online between 13 Sep 2021 to 24 Sep 2021. During the off-site visit, Dr F. Massiot-Granier, stock-assessment scientist presented work ongoing at the MNHN to update and improve on the results reviewed by the last FSA WG (CCAMLR, 2019) and summarised in last year’s surveillance audit report (cf. des Clers and Deleau, 2020). Some updates to the stock-assessment model includes: 1) updated data (2018/2019), 2) updated growth parameters, and 3) revised mark-recapture information. In addition, a new age-determination project for toothfish financed by the TAAF has been initiated, planning age determination for some 12 050 otoliths between 2020 and 2024 (1 400 in 2020 and 3 250 for 2021). Other work related to stock assessments include: • Stock assessment to prepare scientific advice for the 2020-2021 season including 2019-2020 catches (June 2021). • Research project on the effect of climate change on toothfish recruitment (S. Landru, in collaboration with F. D’Ovidio and S. Gourguet, ongoing). • Scientific paper submitted on methods to estimate depredation (Earl et al., under review) • Protocol to evaluate toothfish potting by one of the vessels (St André). The advised triennial TACs are as follows: • For UoA1-Kerguelen, new age-determination information for 2016 and 2017 (n=438) and new recruitment estimated from the 2017 POKER campaign. The scientific advice for the triennial TAC is 5 200 tonnes, which meets both TAAF FMP imperatives of i) SSB at 60%B0 over 35 years, and ii) an average risk less than 10% that SBB would fall below 20%B0. The estimate assumes a 2.4% depredation rate, and no Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) catches. • For UoA2-Crozet, the scientific advice for the triennial TAC is 800 tonnes, taking account of a 37% depredation rate (Tixier et al, 2020), but assuming zero IUU catches.

3.5.3 Fishery management plan (FMP)

The new Fishery Management Plan (FMP) 2019-2025, for toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) in the EEZs of Kerguelen Islands and the Crozet Archipelago (TAAF, 2019), took effect on 1st July 2019, for a duration of 6 years, based on fishing seasons between 1st September and 31st August. Its key features were presented by the TAAF-DPQM (R. Grollemund) during the off- site visit.

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In the new FMP, TACs (one for each stock and EEZ) are now fixed for three years. As before, the TAC is fixed based on scientific advice (MNHN) and consultation with the Ministries (in charge of Overseas Territories, Foreign Affairs, Fisheries, and Ecology). It clearly reflects that the fishery takes place entirely within the TAAF wider national protected area (Réserve Naturelle Nationale des TAAF). The FMP carries over the consultation processes from the previous plan, such as all pre-existing stakeholder fora (TAAF National Reserve Consultative and Scientific Committees, the Pêche Australe Working Group (GTPA) and the Best Practice Committee (C3P, see des Clers et al, 2018), which bring together all key actors of the management system. Vessel quotas are fixed annually, according to quota allocation mechanisms and criteria similar to those in the previous FMP although their details are published in full for the first time in the new FMP. The new FMP makes a clear pledge for more consultation and transparency. An evaluation of the FMP against its objectives is scheduled to take place six months ahead of the 6-year duration.

3.5.4 Principle 1 overall conclusion

The new FMP is carrying over the management process and technical measures that prevailed in the previous version, with increased detail and transparency. There has been no change affecting the status and trends of the UoA1-Kerguelen and UoA2-Crozet toothfish (D. eleginoides) stocks, as per the Principle 1 performance indicators.

3.6 Principle 2

3.6.1 Primary and secondary species

The new FMP 2019-2025 first operational objective is to maintain the biomass of toothfish (stocks at sustainable levels) and to protect the ecosystems upon which they depend. In addition, the TAAF Réserve Nationale Naturelle des TAAF (RNN) objective 5 is to increase knowledge on species and ecosystems diversity and richness to better protect them. To this effect, a seagoing research program has been set up, for vessels to volunteer collaboration and bid for extra toothfish quota in exchange for crew assistance (self-sampling), hosting of RNN agent on board (in addition to COPEC) and actively participate in research projects. The TAAF set aside 100 tonnes of quota (86.7 tonnes for UoA1-Kerguelen and 13.3 t for UoA2- Crozet) in the 2020-21 season.

3.6.1.1 Catch profiles

The MNHN provided detailed catch data the fishery’s surveillance audit. The information is extracted from the PECHEKER database, and gives total weights caught estimated from the COPEC’s logs of their observations of 25% of the longlines, and from the Captain’s e-logs of all retained catches and discards. Weight caught by species are estimated either from the factory production or from numbers for some specimens cut off or discarded alive or dead (from depredation or spoilage). Summary tables for the % catch composition estimates over the 5 years to 2020 are given below for the two UoAs. The percentage catch tonnage compositions by species for each UoA are found to be very similar to the approximations used in the re-certification report, and to the data summarised in last year’s surveillance audit report, with no change in designations.

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3.6.1.2 Rays and skates

For skates and rays specifically, activities and research projects are on-going to contribute towards the Client Action Plan (CAP) for the condition set on PI 2.2.2 SI(e) during re- certification (see section 4.3). The TAAF Environment Division (S. Fournier) made a presentation during the off-site visit, to stress the fact that the fishery is taking place in the TAAF national reserve (RNN) now listed as one of UNESCO World Heritage sites. The RNN 10-year management plan (2018-2027) goal #5 is to maintain or restore exploited marine population, with a specific management activity to limit accidental and incidental catches of non-target species (FG30), with a dedicated monitoring and evaluation task (FS31). The new FMP has also set specific and quantitative objectives, to reduce catches of skates and rays through test lines and move-on rules by 20% every two years (equivalent to a 50% reduction over 6 years) for UoA1-Kerguelen, and by 5% minimum every year (equivalent to a 25% decrease in six years) for UoA2-Crozet. No quantitative targets have been set for sharks, but a 100% reduction of catches of southern lantern shark (Etmopterus granulosus – Sagre à long nez) is expected over the duration of the new FMP. TAAF is also working towards an augmented version of the collaborative Action Plan for rays and sharks (work in progress). The TAAF-DE plans to work with the vessel crew to share challenges and best practice, similar to what was done for the reduction of the fishery’s impacts on seabirds some years ago. The approach will rely on the following: • Research on the biology and ecology of rays and shark species, including mark- recapture, population dynamics and post-capture survival tests; experimental protocols at sea, on-gear setting and gear selectivity, including the importance of environmental factors and bait preference (in 2020-21); detailed catch and condition monitoring; crew information and awareness raising (PhD and other research at MNHN, and partnership with other research teams); • TAAF to monitor and assess performance and challenges at vessel level on a weekly basis; Rays and sharks Working Group set up to contribute to the Best Environmental Practice Guide (GBPE) for the fishery, and to strengthen support to captains and crew. • Introduction of regulatory obligation to run test lines and mandatory move-on rule specifically for rays and sharks; possible exclusion zones for hot spots; at sea trial regarding mandatory cut-off of southern lantern sharks planned for the 2020-21 season, a new guideline to move-on if 2 southern lantern sharks are caught on a line (1000 hooks) has been added to the GBPE and maps or hot spots or areas with higher capture risks are being produced. The rays/skates tagging campaign started in 2019-20, in Crozet, with 928 TAAF rays (Amblyraja taaf) tagged (Floy tags) in Crozet. Observer reports testify of the crew interest and vigilance to spot tagged fish. Some tagged rays were recapture in 2021. In addition, on-board short-term survival studies were conducted on 93 rays and 24 southern lantern sharks kept in tanks during the 2019-20 season, in UoA1-Kerguelen and UoA2-Crozet. Preliminary results suggest that for the rays, the depth of the line maybe a key factor, research is ongoing.

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Table 4. UoA1 Kerguelen - % Catch species composition by year and average over last five seasons 2016-20 (compiled from PECHEKER data provided by MNHN data request n°2021_85). The numbers are proportion of total catch in weight. Catch weight was estimated using extrapolation of observers counts and average species / group weight by year, when available. Years are TAAF fishing seasons (1 Sep-31 August). Kerguelen_COPEC 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Avg. Antimora rostrata 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% Bathyraja eatonii 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% Bathyraja irrasa 4% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% Bathyraja murrayi 0% 0% 0% 0% Dissostichus eleginoides 82% 83% 84% 83% 83% 83% Etmopterus sp. 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Lamna nasus 0% 0% 0% 0% Macrourus sp. 12% 11% 11% 11% 10% 11% Rajiformes 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% Somniosus antarcticus (no weight) Grand Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Table 5. UoA2 Crozet - % Catch species composition by year and average over last five seasons 2016-20 (compiled from PECHEKER data provided by MNHN data request n°2021_85). These numbers are proportion of total catch in weight. Catch weight was estimated using extrapolation of observers counts and average species/group weight by year, when available. Years are TAAF fishing seasons (1 Sep-31 August).

Crozet_COPEC 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Avg. Amblyraja taaf 13% 12% 13% 10% 10% 12% Antimora rostrata 11% 4% 8% 5% 2% 7% Centroscymnus sp. 0% 0% Dissostichus eleginoides 68% 76% 71% 78% 82% 74% Etmopterus sp. 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Lamna nasus 0% 0% 0% Macrourus sp. 8% 8% 7% 7% 6% 7% Rajiformes 0% 0% 0% Somniosus antarcticus (no weight) Grand Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

3.6.1.3 Bait species and stocks

The SARPC provided a compilation of the quantities (830 tonnes) and origins of bait stocks used for the 2019-20 season, together with copies of certificates of origins. The overall tonnage and species are similar to previous years, with a majority of mackerel (Scomber scombrus) from the North Atlantic.

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3.6.2 Impacts on seabirds and marine mammals

3.6.2.1 Seabirds

The fishery’s impacts on protected species of marine birds are closely monitored by the COPECs and vessel captains. The numbers observed by the COPECs for 2019-20 and reported for the CCAMLR season are the lowest in recent years (Table 6 and Table 7). Three giant petrels (2 by UoA1-Kerguelen and 1 by UoA1-Crozet) were also caught/found and released alive. All vessels have streamer lines, there are no casualties linked to entanglements in the Brickle curtain when lines are hauled for the two new moonpool vessels, lights are turned off or red lights on the bridge used at night and the crew use head lamps. Table 6. UoA1 Kerguelen – Numbers of birds observed killed and injured in the longline fishery, French EEZ Division 58.5.1 (CCAMLR, 2021a). Years are CCAMLR fishing seasons (1 Dec-30 Nov).

Bird Species 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020* White-chinned petrel Procellaria aequinoctialis 9 11 13 9 22 7 Grey petrel Procellaria cinerea 3 7 1 Giant petrel Macronectes spp. 1 *To end of Sept. Table 7. UoA2 Crozet - Numbers of birds observed killed and injured in the longline fishery, French EEZ in Subarea 58.6 (CCAMLR, 2021b). Years are CCAMLR fishing seasons (1 Dec-30 Nov).

Bird Species 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020* White-chinned petrel Procellaria aequinoctialis 11 5 5 4 5 Grey petrel Procellaria cinerea 1 Giant petrel Macronectes spp. *To end of Sept.

The COPECs observe approximately 25% of the lines set and hauled, and therefore the total number of birds killed or injured could be as high as four times those reported below. Monitoring programmes of marine bird populations continue throughout the extended RNN, on land and at sea around Kerguelen and Crozet.

3.6.2.2 Marine mammals

The fishery’s impact on marine mammals is closely monitored, to reduce any possible impacts on the mammals’ welfare, and to decrease encounters and reduce depredation. Any incident involving a marine mammal is reported in detail through an incident report (CRI), and direct contact made with TAAF for instruction in difficult situation. A detailed record of sightings, species and individual (photo) identifications is also made in the COPEC reports. The 2019-20 fishing season saw the capture of three elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) in UoA1-Kerguelen, two of them found dead entangled in the line, the other released apparently alive. One humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) was found entangled in a line and floaters. The vessel attempted to cut off the line for 36 hours, until it lost track of the whale when the line transmitters stopped emitting. This is the first instance of encounter and incident with the species. Sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) are frequent depredators in both Kerguelen and Crozet, and killer whales (Orcinus orca) in Crozet. Specific avoidance

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measures are in place. Regarding depredation, research projects (see desClers and Deleau, 2020) and international collaborations are ongoing (Tixier et al. 2020). A PhD student from employed by the Fondation des mers australes and co-supervised by ENSTA Bretagne (F. Cassiano) started experiments at sea in 2019-20. The lack of previously reported casualties (animals wounded or found dead) statistics in the CCAMLR fisheries reports noted in recommendation has been addressed and will be remedied in the 2021 reports (C. Peron, pers. comm.).

3.6.2.3 Habitats and VMEs

During the 2019-20 fishing season 832 samples of VME elements brought up by the longlines were collected and catalogued. The objective is to have a reference collection for all TAAF EEZs and eventually map out biomass estimates of habitats VME components. Maps with detailed location of specific VME records are being produced and added to the TAAF GBPE (Best practice Guide). Gear loss is closely monitored by the crew and COPEC. Information compiled by TAAF and presented by the SARPC at the off-site visit shows that line and hook losses remain rare. During the 2019-20 fishing season, or under 1% of hooks were lost (0.43% Kerguelen UoA1 and 0.55% in Crozet UoA2). TAAF is looking into sharing maps of cumulative instances of gear loss (and habitats) in the GBPE, to identify possible hot spots and for the information of vessel captains.

3.6.3 Principle 2 overall conclusion

No material changes of impacts were identified relating to Principle 2. The scores applied at the time of re-assessment remain consistent with the MSC standard. Evidence of progress against the condition for PI 2.2.2(e) shows that progress to close the condition is ‘on target’.

3.7 Principle 3

3.7.1 New FMP

The new FMP was devised from the previous (and first) management plan. It followed from an independent evaluation mission led by senior government inspectors. The mission was in response to a French central government request to collect and analyse proposals on the methodology of allocation of licenses in the TAAF toothfish fishery, and on the criteria for the distribution of fishing quotas that should improve transparency of the system and visibility for vessel owners (CGefi, 2019). In addition, the mission recommended ministerial support of Monitoring, Control and Surveillance (MCS) operations in TAAF waters, as well as continued support of scientific research in support of the FMP. The new FMP (TAAF, 2019a) brings together the French sustainable fisheries management obligations set out in the Code Rural et de la Pêche Maritime (CRPM), and the international obligations agreed at CCAMLR. It also does address all key points brought up by the evaluation mission mentioned in the previous paragraph. Finally, it makes a clear connection with the RNN Management Plan for the period 2018-2027, and its seven conservation objectives, including one (#5) specific to exploited marine fisheries resources (TAAF, 2019).

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The 2019-20 fishery season was the first one managed through the new toothfish FMP (arrêté n° 2019-59) with the technical measures (arrêté ́ n° 2019-77) and complemented by the now triennial annual TAC setting arrêté and vessel licensing provisions (arrêté ́ n° 2019-79) (TAAF, 2019, 2019a, 2019b). Management provisions have been as for previous years, taking account of the scientific advice provided by the MNHN and the opinion of the stakeholder working group - Groupe de Travail Pêche Australe (GTPA). In the 2019-20 season, there was a small TAC undershoot for Kerguelen UoA1, and a small overshoot for Crozet UoA2 (1.4% for 12.4 tonnes), Table 8 and Table 9). Individual vessel overshoots remain accidental and small, and are taken out of the vessel’s share of the TAC the following year.

3.7.2 Stakeholder participation and initiatives

SARPC stakeholders noted that they were more involved in the management system, and more often than previously already in 2019. This was confirmed in 2020, even though the situation was exceptional with the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. A remote meeting was organised by the DPMA to prepare for the annual CCAMLR (remote) Conference. Committee meetings were convened remotely, including a PhD research steering Committee. One GTPA meeting was held in June 2020 (no public minutes) and only the C3P meeting between TAAF, fishing companies, vessel captains and COPEC, did not take place. Finally, SARPC members initiated or participated actively in several collaborative projects in 2019 and 2020, in particular regarding incidental catches and survival of rays, and depredation. They are summarised in section 3.6.

3.7.3 MCS and compliance

The French Fisheries surveillance system has evolved to a single centralised arrangement with all operations controlled by the Centre national de surveillance des pêches (CNSP or Fisheries Monitoring Centre - FMC) based in CROSS Etel, in Brittany (France mainland). The CNSP is under the authority of the French Agriculture Ministry’s Fisheries Directorate (MAA – DPMA), with the Direction de la Mer Sud de l’Océan Indien (DMSOI), which is the French government coordinating Directorate for the Indian Ocean region, the local point of contact for all matters of fisheries compliance. A written summary sent by DMSOI S. Piton, who was not available to attend the off-site visit. It noted no major changes since last year. The number of port controls (21 in 2020) was the same as for the two previous years, corresponding to the systematic DMSOI controls of CCAMLR landings for all three fishing trips for each for the seven vessels. There was no non- conformity. All quantities declared through e-logbooks are also verified by an accredited quantity surveyor, SGS in 2020. Vessels are tracked by satellite around Kerguelen and Crozet, and through their vms systems and monitored 24/7 by the FMC (CROSS Etel). Surveillance and control at sea of the waters around Kerguelen, Crozet and St Paul and Amsterdam, involved a number of vessels (incl. Fisheries Surveillance Osiris II since end of 2019, 113 days at sea in 2020) for a projected 100 days at sea between, and also involved several navy vessels.

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In addition, the TAAF was able to dispatch a COPEC on each vessel and each fishing trip, to perform their twin duties of scientific observation and control of TAAF and FMP regulations and CCAMLR conservation measures.

3.7.4 Principle 3 overall conclusion

Principle 3 for the SARPC toothfish fishery remains in conformity with the MSC Principles and Criteria.

3.8 Traceability

There has been no change since the recertification audit and PCR, other than the quantity surveyors accredited marine experts’ company SGS, which has now been in charge of all inspections since December 2019.

3.9 Harmonisation

There has been no change to the other MSC-certified Patagonian toothfish (D. eleginoides) fisheries. As noted in the PCR, none of these fisheries overlap with the SARPC fishery or with the Kerguelen or Crozet stocks. Therefore, there is still no need for harmonisation. 4 Results

4.1 Surveillance results overview

4.1.1 Total Allowable Catch (TAC) and Catch Data

According to the new Fishery Management Plan (TAAF, 2019a), the TACs for each UoA is set for a three-year period. TAC shares per vessel are awarded in several tranches, with a possible redistribution of TAC shares that could not be fully fished. For the season 2019-20, the TAC was set at 5 200 tonnes for UoA1-Kerguelen (Table 8) and 800 tonnes for UoA2-Crozet (Table 9). There was no share of the TAC set aside for the research vessel, and therefore the UoAs’ shares of the TAC are 100% for both. For both UoAs, the TACs take account of catch losses due to depredation (see section 3.5), with a larger effect for the Crozet stock (UoA2). Table 8. TAC and Catch (tonnes) for the Kerguelen stock (UoA1)

TAC Year 2019-20 Amount 5 200 UoA share of TAC Year 2019-20 Amount 100% Total green weight Year (most recent) 2019-20 Amount 5 187.30 catch by UoC Year (2nd most recent) 2018-19 Amount 4 985.34 (of 4 980; 100.17%)

Table 9. TAC and Catch (tonnes) for the Crozet stock (UoA2)

TAC Year 2019-20 Amount 800 UoA share of TAC Year 2019-20 Amount 100% Year (most recent) 2019-20 Amount 812.377

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Total green weight Year (2nd most recent) 2018-19 Amount 936.585 (of 935; 100.09%) catch by UoC

TACs fixed by the TAAF cannot be directly compared with CCAMLR summary data for annual catches in each UoA because the fishing season dates differ. The CCAMLR fishing season are 1st December- 30th November, and those of the TAAF are 1st September-31st August.

4.1.2 Summary of conditions

Only one certification condition was set at re-certification. It stands for both UoAs and concerns the Performance Indicator (PI) 2.2.2, Scoring Issue (SI) (e) as summarised in Table 10. Activities relating to the condition are reviewed under section 3.6. Progress is evaluated in section 4.3. Table 10. Condition summary

PI PI Condition Condition PI Status original revised number score score There needs to be a regular review of the potential effectiveness and practicality of alternative measures to minimise UoA-related On 75 (both Not 1 mortality of unwanted catch of main secondary 2.2.2e target UoAs) revised species, and they are implemented as appropriate, for both UoA1-Kerguelen and UoA2- Crozet.

4.1.3 Recommendations

Five recommendations were issued during the re-certification audit, one was closed and another set during the 1st annual surveillance audit. Progress against these non-binding recommendations is summarised in Table 12 and section 4.5.

4.2 Rescoring Performance Indicators

No exceptional events impacted the sustainable management of the fishery during the fishing season 2019-2020 that could warrant rescoring a PI. Progress with the one condition (for both UoAs) is assessed to be on target (see section 4.3), the original PI score are unchanged.

4.3 Conditions

There was one condition set for this fishery's certification. It concerns PI2.2.2e. A compilation presented by SARPC during the off-site visit shows that progress has been according to the client Action Plan for all partners, SARPC, MNHN and TAAF with some funding from Fondation des mers australes and the MSC Ocean Stewardship Fund (OSF) and is therefore on target (Table 11).

4.3.1 Progress against Condition 1

Table 11. Condition 1

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Performance PI 2.2.2 Secondary species management strategy Indicator

Score 75

Scoring issue e (SG80): There is a regular review of the potential effectiveness and practicality of alternative measures to minimise UoA-related mortality of unwanted catch of main secondary species and they are implemented as appropriate. There are two dimensions to the strategy in place: 1) bycatch reduction for all fish species and 2) cut-off of ray species to increase post-capture survival. Over the years and across toothfish longline fisheries in the CCAMLR area, a number of alternative strategies have been tried (CCAMLR, 2017a). The current mix of unwanted bycatch reduction measures is now widespread. For both UoAs, the TAAF reviews the effectiveness of measures in place very regularly, and updates provisions as needed. Alternative measures are discussed at least annually at CCAMLR WG meetings. Justification Importantly, the Code of conduct (CBC) to minimise the catch of rays has been gradually implemented since 2014, and at present nearly all skates/rays are cut off instead of being brought on board. Crew members verify that individual rays do not show obvious signs of morbidity before cutting them off. Mortality from fishing is analysed to be within sustainable limits for all ‘main’ (and ‘minor’) species (MNHN, pers. comm.). But during the RBF workshop the MNHN stated that the survival of all species of cartilaginous rays cut off is probably zero because of damage to the cartilage caused by being brought up from great depths on the longlines. A regular review of the effectiveness cut-off measures is therefore needed. SG80 is not met. By the Year 4 audit, the fishery should establish a process for regular review of the Condition effectiveness and practicality of measures to minimise the mortality of rays (‘main’ species – B. irrasa at Kerguelen and A. taaf at Crozet).

Condition Start December 2018

Condition Deadline By Year 4 surveillance audit, 19 June 2024 (allowing for 6 months COVID derogation).

Year 1: Improved monitoring of bycatch species and of the cut-off practices for rays. Score 75. Year 2: Improving scientific knowledge and data by conducting at-sea experiments or via other means as appropriate (feasibility and preparation phase). Score 75. Year 3: Improving scientific knowledge and data by conducting at-sea experiments or Milestones via other means as appropriate (implementation phase). Score 75. Year 4: Improving scientific knowledge and data by conducting at-sea experiments (data analysis phase) and submission of new and improved practices resulting from these studies. Score 80. Throughout: annual updates to the “code de bonne conduite” (CBC – code of conduct), including updates on maps and practices as required.

Consultation on See PCR (desClers et al, 2018 – Appendix 9) condition The surveillance team were provided with a large amount of information and published documents (see desClers and Deleau, 2020 section 3.6.1) during the Progress on Year Year 1 audit. Condition (Year 2) 1 The Assessment team accepted the evidence as suitable to meet the Year 1 milestone.

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Performance PI 2.2.2 Secondary species management strategy Indicator The surveillance audit team was provided with a large amount of information and documents (section 3.6.1) for the Year 2 audit, giving ample evidence of activities to meet the Year 2 milestone. Section 3.6.1.2 provides a list and short description of various activities carried by the fishery to improve scientific knowledge of skate/ ray species distributions in order to minimise catch opportunities, and to contribute to an improved understanding of survival when released or cut-off. These include a tagging Year study initiated in 2019-20 in Crozet, with 928 TAAF rays (Amblyraja taaf) tagged 2 (Floy tags) and some tagged rays recaptured in 2021. Onboard Observer reports also testify of the crew’s interest and vigilance to spot tagged fish and handle them in the least stressful way possible. Another project initiated during the 2019-20 season carried out on-board short-term survival tests on 93 rays and 24 southern lantern sharks kept in tanks, in UoA1-Kerguelen and UoA2-Crozet. Preliminary results suggest that for the rays, the depth of the line when caught maybe an important factor in survival, research is ongoing.

Progress Status This condition is evaluated to be ‘on target’

Additional None information

4.4 Client action plan

There has been no change to the Client Action Plan as a result of this 2nd annual Surveillance audit. For the original version, see desClers et al, 2018.

4.5 Recommendations

Five recommendations were made during the re-certification audit. One was closed and another was added during the Year 1 surveillance audit (see Table 12). Activities and projects to address them are summarised below. Table 12. Recommendations open after the re-certification 2nd Surveillance audit for both UoAs

Rec. # Description

2 For TAAF/ the MNHN to compile annual weight equivalents of all rays caught, cut off and discarded by species and by UoA, so that the implementation of the Code of Conduct (CBC) to limit skates and rays’ bycatch can be monitored in greater detail. Year 1: For the first time since the fishery’s UoAs initial certifications, the MNHN gave the audit team detailed information for all ray species caught in live weight equivalent (section 3.6.1). It is planned that the process will be repeated annually, and that the CBC evolves into a Guide de Bonnes Pratiques (GBP) or Best Practice Guide. Year 2: It is clear from the Observer reports that specific attention is devoted by the crew and the COPEC to recording all rays brought up and minimise impacts as much as possible. The new FMP imposes a move-on rule when maximum number rays per line Best Practice Guide (GBP). Ongoing research and planned management are detailed in section 3.6.1.2.

3 For the TAAF and associated scientists, to analyse fisheries-dependent and independent information available for the fishery in both UoAs regarding the survival of cut off skates.

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Rec. # Description

Year 1: A research protocol has been devised to initiate a 3-months research project on the survival of rays/skates over the season 2019/2020 (section 3.6.1) to be repeated annually.

Year 2: A specific research project on the survival of rays/skates and sharks was successfully initiated on one vessel during the 2019-20 season.

4 It is recommended the stock assessment reports submitted to CCAMLR for each of the two UoAs document all the input data and provide a comprehensive discussion of the model diagnostics in order to provide greater transparency.

Year 1: The model characteristics, assumptions and limitations are discussed in detail in the CCAMLR FSA WG and Fisheries reports (CCAMLR, 2018a and b).

Year 2: The MNHN has submitted very detailed Working Papers to CCAMLR for the stock- assessment of both toothfish stocks, including particular regarding otoliths and age determination. The stock assessment details and assumptions used to estimate the stocks biomasses are also detailed in an annex of the new FMP. 5 For the TAAF and associated scientists to conduct a footprint analysis for each UoA, in order to build an understanding of habitat impacts and to eliminate the need to extrapolate, e.g., from HIMI information.

Year 1: Some work on going on Habitats and VMEs.

Year 2: Work on going on Habitats and VMEs (see section 3.6).

6 For TAAF/ the MNHN to also report annual marine mammal mortality (presently partially noted in the FSA WG reports) in the CCAMLR Fishery reports.

Year 2: The discrepancy in reports has been addressed internally. The TAAF and MNHN have agreed a unified reporting format, authorised by the ministry (DPMA) to be included in CCAMLR reports from the 2020/2021 season.

4.6 Principle level scores

The scores for the fishery (both UoAs) remain unchanged. The aggregate scores for each Principle and UoA are shown in Table 13. Table 13. Principle level scores (unchanged from des Clers et al, 2018)

Principle Score UoA1 - Kerguelen Score UoA2 - Crozet

Principle 1 – Target Species 85.0 83.3 Principle 2 – Ecosystem Impacts 89.7 89.7 Principle 3 – Management System 84.8 84.8

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5 References

CCAMLR, 2019. Report of the Working Group on Fish Stock Assessment (Hobart, Australia, 7 to 18 October 2019) https://www.ccamlr.org/en/system/files/e-sc-38-a7_1.pdf CCAMLR, 2021a. Fishery Report 2020: Dissostichus eleginoides Kerguelen Islands, French EEZ (Division 58.5.1) http://fisheryreports.ccamlr.org CCAMLR, 2021b. Fishery Report 2020: Dissostichus eleginoides Crozet Island French EEZ (Subarea 58.6) http://fisheryreports.ccamlr.org CGefi, 2019. Rapport sur la gestion de la pêche de légine dans les Terres australes et antarctiques françaises. Contrôle général économique et financier N°18 10 58. Ministère de l’Economie et des Finances, Ministère de l’Action et des Comptes Publics. https://www.economie.gouv.fr/cgefi/rapport-sur-gestion-peche-legine-dans-terres- australes-et-antarctiques-francaises des Clers, S., R. Cook, and H. Ernst. 2018. SARPC Kerguelen and Crozet toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) fishery on behalf of SARPC. Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) Public Certification Report, 214p. https://fisheries.msc.org/en/fisheries/sarpc- toothfish/@@assessments des Clers, S. and M. Deleau, 2020. SARPC Kerguelen and Crozet toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) fishery on behalf of SARPC. Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) 1st Surveillance Audit Report, 24p. https://fisheries.msc.org/en/fisheries/sarpc- toothfish/@@assessments MNHN, 2021. Synthèse des prises accessoires dans les pêcheries de légine du SARPC, report March 2021 TAAF, 2019a. Arrêté n° 2019-59 du 2 juillet 2019 portant approbation du plan de gestion 2019- 2025 de la pêcherie de la légine australe (Dissostichus eleginoides) dans les ZEE des îles Kerguelen et de l’archipel Crozet. https://taaf.fr/content/uploads/2019/11/JO- 83_3ème-trimestre-2019.pdf TAAF, 2019b. Arrêté n° 2019-77 du 5 août 2019 prescrivant les règles encadrant l’exercice de la pêche à la légine australe (Dissostichus eleginoides), dans les zones économiques exclusives de Crozet et de Kerguelen https://taaf.fr/content/uploads/2019/11/JO- 83_3ème-trimestre-2019.pdf TAAF, 2019c. Arrêté n° 2019-79 du 19 août 2019 portant fixation des totaux admissibles de capture de légine australe (Dissostichus eleginoides) dans les zones économiques exclusives des îles Kerguelen et de l’archipel Crozet pour les campagnes 2019-2020 à 2021-2022. https://taaf.fr/content/uploads/2019/11/JO-83_3ème-trimestre- 2019.pdf TAAF, 2020. Rapport d’activités 2019 de la réserve naturelle nationale des Terres australes et antarctiques françaises. https://taaf.fr/documentation/ Tixier, P. et al., 2020. Assessing the impact of toothed whale depredation on socio-ecosystems and fishery management in wide-ranging subantarctic fisheries. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 30: 203-217. doi: 10.1007/s11160-020-09597-w

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6 Evaluation processes and techniques

6.1 Site visit

The Surveillance audit was carried out off-site through visio-conference calls, by Sophie des Clers (Team leader) and Mathias Deleau (Project manager and Traceability) over two half days, on Monday the 29th and Wednesday 31st March 2021. The name, affiliation and email address of stakeholders taking part are given in Table 14. Table 14. Contributions and attendees at the remote site audit

Name Affiliation Email address Delphine CIOLEK SARPC (point of contact) [email protected] Grégory BOCKSTAEL Pêche Avenir [email protected] Loïc COUTEL SAPMER [email protected] Armelle DENOIZE SAPMER [email protected] Simon FOURNIER TAAF-DE [email protected] Raphaël GROLLEMUND TAAF-DPQM [email protected] Christophe GUINET CNRS – CEBC [email protected] Graziella JAN Cap Bourbon [email protected] Félix MASSIOT-GRANIER MNHN [email protected] Clara PERON MNHN [email protected] Laurent PINAULT SAPMER [email protected] Sophie PITON DMSOI Official written summary of MCS activities 08/03/21 Emilie RICHARD Comata-Scapêche [email protected] Paul TIXIER IRD [email protected] Sophie DES CLERS Control Union UK [email protected] Mathias DELEAU Control Union UK [email protected]

6.2 Stakeholder participation

There were no request or input received from stakeholders other than indicated above.

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