Japan’s Official Development Assistance White Paper 2010 Japan’s International Cooperation Ministry of Foreign Affairs Japan’s Official Development Assistance White Paper 2010 Japan’s International Cooperation Ministry of Foreign Affairs [Cover Photo Captions] Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteer (music) and students making musical instruments from empty bottles in Nuku’alofa, Tonga (Photo: Kenshiro Imamura/JICA) People crossing the Can Tho Bridge in Vietnam (Specified nonprofit) Japan Mine Action Service constructed with Japanese assistance (JMAS) personnel conducting minesweeping (Photo: Photographer Tran Tien Dung for Tuoi Tre operations in Bagram District, Afghanistan newspaper) (Photo: JMAS) The White Paper is also available on the MOFA website (http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/index.html). For information on Japan’s ODA disbursements as well as assistance of other countries and activities of international organizations, please also refer to “Reference Materials” available on the same website. All position titles of persons appearing in this volume are current as of the date of the occasion or event being referenced in the text. Foreword It was on March 9, 2011 that I took the office of Minister for Foreign Affairs. Immediately after that, on March 11, the Tohoku-Pacific Ocean earthquake and tsunami struck and devastated in and around the Tohoku region. For the time of this catastrophe, 134 countries and regions as well as 39 international organizations have offered to extend assistance to Japan (as of March 31). Not a few are developing countries to which Japan has provided a variety of international cooperation including official development assistance (ODA). I would like to express my sincere appreciation for the many heartfelt assistance offers towards Japan. At the same time, I am deeply touched upon the messages from partner countries, which commend Japan’s serious attitudes to ODA for its partners’ benefit. In order to overcome and recover from this difficulty, it is important to maintain the confidence of the international community. The security and affluence of Japan depends on the peace and prosperity of world. The great earthquake significantly damaged Japan and we face a national crisis today, however it does not change the importance of international cooperation including ODA. The “ODA Review Final Report”, released in June 2010 to improve ODA’s strategic value and effectiveness, identifies the priority areas as: reducing poverty (contributing to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals [MDGs]); investing in peace; and supporting sustainable growth. Prime Minister Kan, at the UN MDGs Summit in September 2010, announced the “Kan Commitment”, substantial contributions for the achievement of the MDGs, and introduced new development policies on health and education. To steadily implement the “Kan Commitment”, Japan will proactively tackle the issues of maternal and child health and promote the achievement of universal primary education, considering the perspective of human security. Japan will also continue to prioritize efforts to cope with global issues such as environmental and climate change problems. The understanding and cooperation of developing countries are indispensable to solve them. In October 2010, as chair of the tenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP10), Japan led the meeting to a success and launched the “Life in Harmony Initiative” to support developing countries in their efforts towards the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. Furthermore, Japan will actively utilize ODA to advance its economic diplomacy such as the international promotion of Japan’s high quality infrastructure and securing stable supplies of resources. We promote development of developing countries as well as our national interests. Our international cooperation contributes to both Japan and developing countries. In implementing ODA, it becomes more and more important to work closely together with NGOs and the business community, as well as to obtain public understanding and support. This ODA White Paper reports on the progress of Japan’s ODA, with a focus on its achievement of the last fiscal year. It also gives explanations on the major developed issues of the fiscal year. Along with Japan’s initiatives for the achievement of the MDGs, Part 2 “A New ODA” explains ODA for economic diplomacy. I hope this Paper will help you to understand Japan’s international cooperation. March 2011 Takeaki Matsumoto Minister for Foreign Affairs Japan’s Official Development Assistance White Paper 2010 Japan’s International Cooperation Millennium Development Goals Part I (MDGs) and Japan’s Efforts Chapter 1 Status of Achievement of MDGs ..................................................... 2 Chapter 2 Concrete Steps for Achievement of MDGs .................................... 6 ■Section 1 International Community’s Actions and Japan’s Efforts .............. 7 1. G8 Muskoka Summit ................................................................................... 7 2. Special Ministerial Meeting for MDGs Review in Asia and the Pacific ....... 7 3. UN Summit on the MDGs ............................................................................ 8 ■Section 2 Japan’s Contribution Towards Achievement of MDGs ................. 9 1. New Global Health Policy ........................................................................... 9 2. New Education Policy ................................................................................. 10 Chapter 3 Initiatives through the TICAD Process ........................................... 14 1. TICAD Follow-up Meetings ......................................................................... 15 2. G8 Muskoka Summit and the 65th Session of the United Nations General Assembly .................................................... 16 ii Japan’s Official Development Assistance White Paper 2010 Part I ch. 1 Part I ch. 2 Part I ch. 3 A New Official Development Part II Assistance (ODA) — Rethinking ODA Part II ch. 1 Part II ch. 2 Chapter 1 Changes in the ODA Environment and New Aid Philosophy — Why Does Japan Provide Assistance to Developing Countries? ................................................................ 18 Part III ch. 1 ■Section 1 Background and Process of ODA Review — Changes in the ODA Environment .............................................. 19 ■Section 2 Enhancing Enlightened National Interest Part III ch. 2 — A New Development Cooperation Philosophy ........................... 20 1. ODA as the Core of “Development Cooperation” ....................................... 20 2. The Philosophy of Development Cooperation ............................................ 20 Part IV ch. 1 3. Three Pillars of Development Cooperation ................................................. 21 Part IV ch. 2 Chapter 2 Concrete Measures for the Future — What’s Changing? ............. 22 ■Section 1 More Strategic and Effective Aid Implementation ......................... 23 1. Strategic Aid Implementation ..................................................................... 23 Part IV ch. 3 2. Effective Aid Implementation ...................................................................... 24 3. Strengthening the Functions at the Field Level .......................................... 26 4. Improving Evaluation .................................................................................. 27 Part IV ch. 4 5. Cooperation with Diverse Stakeholders ...................................................... 28 6. Taking a Leadership Role in the International Community ......................... 29 ■Section 2 Promoting Public Understanding and Support ............................. 30 Part IV ch. 5 1. Broadening Public Participation and Sympathy ......................................... 30 2. Increasing the Visibility of ODA .................................................................. 30 3. Improving the Efficiency of Public Relations Activities ............................... 30 (Reference) 4. Concrete Efforts for Promoting Public Understanding and Support .......... 31 IV Part ■Section 3 Policy-making Functions and Implementation Capacity (JICA) ................................................................................. 32 Abbreviations 1. Reinforcing the Policy-making Functions of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs ................................................................. 32 2. Reform of JICA ........................................................................................... 33 ■Section 4 Securing Financial Resources for Development ........................... 35 1. Efforts Towards Expanding ODA ................................................................ 35 2. Collaboration with Private Sector Resources and OOF .............................. 35 3. Innovative Financing ................................................................................... 36 iii Official Development Assistance Part III in FY2009 Chapter 1 Japan’s Official Development Assistance in Terms of Disbursement ............................................................... 38 Chapter 2 Specific Initiatives of Japan’s Official Development Assistance ................................................................. 45 ■Section 1 Initiatives Relating to the Basic Policies of the ODA Charter ...... 46 1. ODA Charter ............................................................................................... 46 2. Japan’s Medium-Term ODA Policy ............................................................