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part of the reign of King Charles I was known as the period of Personal Rule. Personal of period the as known was I Charles King of reign the of part
In 1629 the king closed Parliament and ruled the country without Parliament for 11 years. This This years. 11 for Parliament without country the ruled and Parliament closed king the 1629 In
Finally, the King had had enough had had King the Finally,
During his arguments with Parliament, the King closed Parliament four times in three years. years. three in times four Parliament closed King the Parliament, with arguments his During
needed money, so he was eventually forced to re-open Parliament and invite them back. back. them invite and Parliament re-open to forced eventually was he so money, needed
would shut Parliament and order all the Members of Parliament to go home. But he still still he But home. go to Parliament of Members the all order and Parliament shut would
The King had the right to open and close Parliament. When Parliament made him cross, he he cross, him made Parliament When Parliament. close and open to right the had King The
Parliament couldn’t do what they liked they what do couldn’t Parliament
The King’s (Not So) Secret Weapon Secret So) (Not King’s The
houses (this was called billeting). billeting). called was (this houses
their in live them let and them feed to people force not could soldiers King’s The 4.
3. The King could not force people to obey his soldiers when there wasn’t a war on. war a wasn’t there when soldiers his obey to people force not could King The 3.
2. The King should not arrest anybody without a good reason. reason. good a without anybody arrest not should King The 2.
1. The King must not make people pay any taxes that were not agreed by Parliament. Parliament. by agreed not were that taxes any pay people make not must King The 1.
There were lots of them but the four big ones were: ones big four the but them of lots were There
What were the Complaints? the were What
him. The complaints were put in a document called The Petition of Right. of Petition The called document a in put were complaints The him.
refused to give the King more money UNLESS he agreed to listen to their complaints about about complaints their to listen to agreed he UNLESS money more King the give to refused
the country to fight. And when they did fight, lots of English soldiers were killed. Parliament Parliament killed. were soldiers English of lots fight, did they when And fight. to country the
The King’s soldiers caused a lot of problems in the towns they were staying in before they left left they before in staying were they towns the in problems of lot a caused soldiers King’s The
Years War. Parliament agreed to give the King money but the war went badly for England. England. for badly went war the but money King the give to agreed Parliament War. Years
expensive and the King wanted to send soldiers to fight in a war in Europe called The Thirty Thirty The called Europe in war a in fight to soldiers send to wanted King the and expensive
The king was very rich, but there were things that even the King couldn’t afford. War was was War afford. couldn’t King the even that things were there but rich, very was king The
But why would the King ask Parliament for money? money? for Parliament ask King the would why But
money. money.
BUT Parliament had one very important power. They could say NO to him if he asked them for for them asked he if him to NO say could They power. important very one had Parliament BUT
country. But that didn’t mean that he could do whatever he liked. The king had a lot of power power of lot a had king The liked. he whatever do could he that mean didn’t that But country.
The King believed that God had put him on the throne and made him supreme ruler of the the of ruler supreme him made and throne the on him put had God that believed King The
The King couldn’t just do what he liked he what do just couldn’t King The
Parliament’s (Not So) Secret Weapon Secret So) (Not Parliament’s
beginning of the reign of Charles I in the 1620s… the in I Charles of reign the of beginning
In order to understand how the war began, we have to look back to the the to back look to have we began, war the how understand to order In
How Did the War Start? Start? War War the the Did Did How How
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seventeenth century but this was not usually the way gentlemen were treated. treated. were gentlemen way the usually not was this but century seventeenth
Yes, seriously. Actually, this kind of thing happened to poor people all the time in the the in time the all people poor to happened thing of kind this Actually, seriously. Yes,
Seriously?
branded with hot metal. metal. hot with branded
They were locked in prison, fined lots of money and had their ears cut off, noses slit and faces faces and slit noses off, cut ears their had and money of lots fined prison, in locked were They
What Happened to the three Puritans? three the to Happened What
Bastwicke, Henry Burton and William Prynne arrested, put on trial and horribly punished. horribly and trial on put arrested, Prynne William and Burton Henry Bastwicke,
Some people criticised William Laud in print. William Laud had three Puritan writers John John writers Puritan three had Laud William print. in Laud William criticised people Some
And did everyone do as they were told? were they as do everyone did And
worshipped God like the King. King. the like God worshipped
King Charles put his top Bishop William Laud in charge of making sure that everyone everyone that sure making of charge in Laud William Bishop top his put Charles King
church services. church
with one religion. He wanted every church to use the same same the use to church every wanted He religion. one with in their their in Prayer Common of Book
The King wanted everybody to worship God the way he did. He wanted to unite his kingdom kingdom his unite to wanted He did. he way the God worship to everybody wanted King The
The King picks a fight with the Puritans the with fight a picks King The
Two things. Religion and Scotland. and Religion things. Two
But what finally pushed the country into civil war? civil into country the pushed finally what But
anywhere. The country was slowly dividing into Roundheads and Cavaliers. and Roundheads into dividing slowly was country The anywhere.
Some people began to disagree with some of the King’s actions. Others would follow him him follow would Others actions. King’s the of some with disagree to began people Some
And how did people feel about all of this? of all about feel people did how And
ships. He tended to spend it on expensive art and paintings of himself. of paintings and art expensive on it spend to tended He ships.
on money the spend didn’t King the But invaders. foreign and pirates against coast
the defending and navy King’s the in ships war repairing toward go to supposed
3. Ship Tax: The King made people pay an old tax called ship tax. The money was was money The tax. ship called tax old an pay people made King The Tax: Ship 3.
King (his coronation). (his King
2. Fines: The King fined many of the people who didn’t turn up when he was crowned crowned was he when up turn didn’t who people the of many fined King The Fines: 2.
going to pay back). If you didn’t pay the King you might end up in prison. in up end might you King the pay didn’t you If back). pay to going
wasn’t he (which money King the lend to had you rich were you If loans: Forced 1.
His money came from: came money His
King Charles needed money but he had his own plans to make money without Parliament. Parliament. without money make to plans own his had he but money needed Charles King
But didn’t King Charles I still need money? need still I Charles King didn’t But
The King Rules Without Parliament Without Rules King The
How Did the War Start? Start? War War the the Did Did How How
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£300,000. (millions of pounds in today’s money!) today’s in pounds of (millions £300,000.
How much money? much How
of money to go away. go to money of
of Newcastle and refused to go back to Scotland until the English paid them a huge amount amount huge a them paid English the until Scotland to back go to refused and Newcastle of
No! The King not only lost the war but the Scots invaded England. The Scots captured the city city the captured Scots The England. invaded Scots the but war the lost only not King The No!
What happened? Did he win this time? this win he Did happened? What
money and a weak army. This was called The Second Bishop’s War. Bishop’s Second The called was This army. weak a and money
He did. He invaded Scotland for the second time in 1640. He invaded Scotland with little little with Scotland invaded He 1640. in time second the for Scotland invaded He did. He
But didn’t the King still need money for his second war with Scotland? with war second his for money need still King the didn’t But
away on May 5th. May on away
It lasted only a few weeks. The King called Parliament back on April 13th 1640 and sent them them sent and 1640 13th April on back Parliament called King The weeks. few a only lasted It
How short was the Short Parliament? Short the was short How
Parliament was called The Short Parliament. Short The called was Parliament
No! He was very angry. He shut Parliament almost as soon as it had opened, which is why this this why is which opened, had it as soon as almost Parliament shut He angry. very was He No!
Did the King listen to them? to listen King the Did
done to raise money during the last eleven years. years. eleven last the during money raise to done
listened to their complaints against him. They were annoyed about all the things the King had had King the things the all about annoyed were They him. against complaints their to listened
hey were angry. They were willing to give the King money for a second war but only if he he if only but war second a for money King the give to willing were They angry. were hey T
Were Parliament happy to be called back after such a long time? long a such after back called be to happy Parliament Were
The Short Parliament Parliament Short The
after eleven years the King was forced to re-open Parliament. re-open to forced was King the years eleven after
The only way he could afford to invade Scotland was to ask Parliament for money. And so, so, And money. for Parliament ask to was Scotland invade to afford could he way only The
He decided to invade Scotland again. But he didn’t have enough money for a second war. war. second a for money enough have didn’t he But again. Scotland invade to decided He
How did the King respond to being beaten? being to respond King the did How
Scottish soldiers. The defeat was extremely embarrassing for the King. King. the for embarrassing extremely was defeat The soldiers. Scottish
English invaded Scotland. The English did very badly and were chased out of Scotland by by Scotland of out chased were and badly very did English The Scotland. invaded English
The two wars between England and Scotland were called The Bishop’s Wars. In 1639 the the 1639 In Wars. Bishop’s The called were Scotland and England between wars two The
What were these wars called? wars these were What
to the civil wars. civil the to
Yes. Seriously. The king went to war with Scotland. TWICE. And the two wars that followed led led followed that wars two the And TWICE. Scotland. with war to went king The Seriously. Yes.
Seriously?
wanted.
The King sent an English army into Scotland to force the Scots to worship God the way he he way the God worship to Scots the force to Scotland into army English an sent King The
What did the king do? king the did What
Edinburgh, the congregation threw rocks at him. at rocks threw congregation the Edinburgh,
There were riots! When one priest tried to read from Laud’s prayer book in a church in church a in book prayer Laud’s from read to tried priest one When riots! were There
How did the Scots react? Scots the did How
Book of Common Prayer. Common of Book
worship God the same way they did in the Church of England. He made the Scots use the the use Scots the made He England. of Church the in did they way same the God worship
The Scots were serious Puritans or Presbyterians. The king wanted the Scottish church to to church Scottish the wanted king The Presbyterians. or Puritans serious were Scots The
The King picks a fight with Scotland Scotland with fight a picks King The
How Did the War Start? Start? War War the the Did Did How How
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No. No.
And did parliament obey the King? the obey parliament did And
men.
arrested the rest of Parliament would obey him. The King asked Parliament to give him these these him give to Parliament asked King The him. obey would Parliament of rest the arrested
Hollies, William Strode, Arthur Haselrigg and John Pym. The King believed that if they were were they if that believed King The Pym. John and Haselrigg Arthur Strode, William Hollies,
Parliament against him. The name of the five troublemakers were John Hampden, Denzil Denzil Hampden, John were troublemakers five the of name The him. against Parliament
The king believed that five Members of Parliament were to blame for turning the rest of of rest the turning for blame to were Parliament of Members five that believed king The
The Five Members Five The
while he was plotting and planning. and plotting was he while
Not really. He pretended to. He needed them to think he was listening to them. But all the the all But them. to listening was he think to them needed He to. pretended He really. Not
So, the King listened to Parliament? to listened King the So,
many of them were Puritans. were them of many
supporters of the King in Parliament. But there were more who did not support him, and and him, support not did who more were there But Parliament. in King the of supporters
that not all of Parliament agreed with the Grand Remonstrance. There were quite a few few a quite were There Remonstrance. Grand the with agreed Parliament of all not that
Well, Parliament managed to turn The Grand Remonstrance into law. But it is important to say say to important is it But law. into Remonstrance Grand The turn to managed Parliament Well,
And were Parliament successful? Parliament were And
blamed everything they didn’t like about the King on his advisors and ministers and bishops. bishops. and ministers and advisors his on King the about like didn’t they everything blamed
Parliament never directly criticised the King in their complaints. They were sneaky. They They sneaky. were They complaints. their in King the criticised directly never Parliament
But Parliament were clever were Parliament But
Remonstrance. Remonstrance.
the changes to the King’s power to become law. The list of complaints was called The Grand Grand The called was complaints of list The law. become to power King’s the to changes the
They wanted the King to change his behaviour and give away a lot of his power. They wanted wanted They power. his of lot a away give and behaviour his change to King the wanted They
Parliament made their move. They presented a very long list of complaints against the King. King. the against complaints of list long very a presented They move. their made Parliament
The Grand Remonstrance Grand The
Parliament because he never closed it! In fact, it stayed open until the year 1660. year the until open stayed it fact, In it! closed never he because Parliament
On November 3rd 1641, the King re-opened Parliament. This parliament was called The Long Long The called was parliament This Parliament. re-opened King the 1641, 3rd November On
So, what did the King do? King the did what So,
to Parliament. But he really needed that money to make the Scots go away. go Scots the make to money that needed really he But Parliament. to
King didn’t want to listen to their complaints. He certainly didn’t want to give any of his power power his of any give to want didn’t certainly He complaints. their to listen to want didn’t King
afford to pay them to go away. Parliament was closed and only the King could open it. The The it. open could King the only and closed was Parliament away. go to them pay to afford
The King was in a very difficult position. He didn’t want the Scots in England but couldn’t couldn’t but England in Scots the want didn’t He position. difficult very a in was King The
The King’s Dilemma King’s The
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Every town and city in England had to choose a side. The country prepared for war. for prepared country The side. a choose to had England in city and town Every
prepare for war. London supported Parliament and the King was forced to leave. to forced was King the and Parliament supported London war. for prepare
dangerous. Relations between the King and Parliament had broken and both sides began to to began sides both and broken had Parliament and King the between Relations dangerous.
He left the House of Commons. This wasn’t just embarrassing for the King, it was also very very also was it King, the for embarrassing just wasn’t This Commons. of House the left He
And what did the King do? do? King the did what And
was breaking the law. the breaking was
is pleased to direct me.” Which meant that Parliament would not obey the King if they felt he he felt they if King the obey not would Parliament that meant Which me.” direct to pleased is
William Lenthal) said “I have neither eyes to see nor tongue to speak in this but as the House House the as but this in speak to tongue nor see to eyes neither have “I said Lenthal) William
him where the five members were. The Speaker of the House of Commons (a man called called man (a Commons of House the of Speaker The were. members five the where him
members. No King of England had ever done this before. He ordered Parliament to show show to Parliament ordered He before. this done ever had England of King No members.
The King arrived at the House of Commons with soldiers on January 4th 1642 to arrest the five five the arrest to 1642 4th January on soldiers with Commons of House the at arrived King The
The King’s Unexpected Appearance Appearance Unexpected King’s The
How Did the War Start? Start? War War the the Did Did How How