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Coleoptera, Curculionoidea) on Scots Pines in Borská Nížina Lowland (Sw Slovakia

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Coleoptera, Curculionoidea) on Scots Pines in Borská Nížina Lowland (Sw Slovakia Folia faunistica Slovaca 21 (1) 2016: 91–98 www.ffs.sk WINTER OBSERVATION OF WEEVILS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONOIDEA) ON SCOTS PINES IN BORSKÁ NÍŽINA LOWLAND (SW SLOVAKIA) 1 2 1 1 Milada Holecová , Adrianna Králiková , Katarína Hollá 1 & Miroslava Šebestová Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 2Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, SK – 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia [[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]] Department of Environmentalistics and Zoology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak Agricultural University, A. Hlinku 2, SK – 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia [[email protected]] Abstract: - During two winter seasons (2013–2014 and 2014–2015), we collect ed insects from branches of Scots pine trees in the Borská nížina lowland (SW- Slovakia)Anthonomus using beating phyllocola method.Brachonyx A total ofpineti 21 weevilBrachyderes species incanuswere collectedMagdalis at memnoniafive localitiesMagdalis and ten phlegmatica study plots. PinePissodes specialists castaneus were represented by six spe- cies ( , , Anthonomus, phyllocola , Brachonyx pineti Brachyderes, and incanus ). The rest of the win ter fauna were tourist species. Three eudominant pine specialistsBrachyderes ( incanus , , ) exhibited different trends in abundance duringBrachonyx the examined pineti period. The abundance of gradually rose from November until to March. On the otherAnthonomus hand, the higher phyl- locolaabundance of was observed in late autumnal and prevernal months (November and the beginning of March). Adults of hatch in early March and therefore they were not observed during late autumnal and winter months. The highest species diversity and abundance of the hibernating weevil fauna was observed in younger and middle-aged, dense- canopied forest stands. They probably provide a better opportunity to shelter in comparison with forest patches and non-canopied, free-growing trees. It is likely that increased activity of leaf-eating insects in forest canopies in the non- growingKey words: season may be a result of global warmingPinus and sylvestrisclimate change. winter activity, weevils, Scots pine, , Borská nížina lowland, SW Slovakia, global warming, climatic change. INTRODUCTION - Pinus sylvestris beetles living on needles or occupying a subcortical- niche. While the faunistics of several conifer spe Scots pine ( L.) is one of the most - cies have been investigated to some extent, the as widely distributed conifer species in the world, sociated fauna of pine canopies, particularly in Eu with an extensive natural range stretching from - rope, is rather poorly known. - Spain to Norway and from Scotland to Siberia (Nikolov & Helmisaari 1992). Among numer The first complex studies on arboricolous arthro ous other organisms, it hosts many insects, often pods including phyllophagous and xylophagous Holecová M, Králiková A, Hollá K & Šebestová M, 2016: Winter observation of weevils (Coleop- tera, Curculionoidea) on Scots pines in Borská nížina lowland (SW Slovakia). Folia faunistica Slovaca, 21 (1): 91–98. [in English] Received 5 September 2016 ~ Accepted 27 September 2016 ~ Published 24 October 2016 © Faunima, Bratislava, 2016 e–ISSN 1336–4529 ISSN 1335–7522 92 Holecová M et al.: Winter observation of Curculionoidea in Borská nížina lowland Pinus sylvestris beetles on were published namely- temperature is 9 °C and annual rainfall about 550- from the western and northern Europe (Ozanne mm (Lapin et al. 2002). Study plots were visited et al. 2000, Thunes et al. 2003, 2004). Weevil as during December 2013–March 2014 and Novem semblages associated with Scots pine canopies in ber 2014–March 2015. Both of these periods of our- northern Poland were studied by Cholewicka- field study were warmer comparing with the long- - Wiśniewska (1994a, 1994b). term average (1971–2000). The average air temper Currently, the most extensive pine stands in Slova ature went up by about 3.18 °C in the first research- kia are situated on the blown sands of the Borská- period (from 2.5 °C in December 2013 to 4.5 °C in- nížina lowland as a part of the original mixed oak- March 2014) and about 2.8 °C (from 3.5 °C in No pine forests. Pine stands of the Záhorie region, re vember 2014 to 2.2 °C in March 2015) in the sec placing the original ecosystems, for the most part,- ond research period. The number of days with the play an important role in soil protection in Borská- nížina lowland. Our knowledge on Scots pine ento mofauna has been poorly published in Slovakia. On ly in the last years, from this territory there were published several faunistic and ecological papers- concerning phyllophagous and xylophagous insects living on Scots pines, namely lepidopteran and saw fly larvae, weevils and bark beetles (e.g. Holecová & Kulfan 2011, Holecová et al. 2016, Kulfan & Holecová 2010, Kulfan et al. 2011, Kupková et al. 2014, Olšovský 2007, Olšovský et al. 2013). - The winter activity of phyllophagous insects asso ciated with pine and other coniferous canopies in- Slovakia is poorly known. There are only a few data about overwintering lepidopteran and sawfly lar vae dwelling on branches of coniferous trees (e.g.- Dvořáčková & Kulfan 2009, Parák et al. 2015,- Šebestová et al. 2015, J. Kulfan et al. 2016, M. Kul fan et al. 2016). The winter activity of weevil bee tles associated with coniferous canopies has not yet been studied. ■ The aims of our study are to: characterize the structure of hibernating weevil ■assemblages associated with Scots pine canopies on the territory of the Borská nížina lowland; ■ analyze the winter weevil fauna in forest stands- Figure 1. - of different age, canopy and fragmentation as well;- find out whether there are differences in spe Study area and position of ten study plots (de cies diversity of weevils between individual for sign: Juraj Holec). ■est stands and in individual months of the winter- aspect; compare qualitative and quantitative representa tion of pine species and tourists during the winter aspect. MATERIAL AND METHODS Area description The study of weevils was carried out in Scots pine- forests of different age and structure, growing on- the sandy soils in the Borská nížina lowland, south- western Slovakia (Tab. 1, Figs 1 and 2). The ten in vestigated study plots belong to the biotope of man aged pine forests and semi-native pine-oak forests. Figure 2. The area is warm with moderately dry climate and mild winters, whereby the average temperature in Studienka (SP 5) in the winter period 2015 January is usually above -3 °C. The average annual (photo: Katarína Hollá). Folia faunistica Slovaca 21 (1) 2016: 91–98 93 Table 1. Study plotStudy characteristics. GPS coordinates Altitude Site Study plot characteristics plot [WGS 84] [m] 1 222 Lakšárska N 48° 34' 56,85'' About 25-year old pines free growing on sand dunes that Nová Ves E 17°10' 33.41'' gradually reach the adjacent stand about 100-year old. 2 Lakšárska N 48° 34' 54,46'' About 10-year old pines forming a dense forest stand close 218 - Nová Ves E 17° 10' 34,56'' to a canopied stand. Lakšárska N 48° 34' 51,43'' About 25-year old pines forming a forest stand wall adja 3 218 - Nová Ves E 17° 10' 22,78'' cent to a meadow. Lakšárska N 48° 34' 55,81' A dense forest stand of 15-year old pines, strongly cano 4 218 Nová Ves E 17° 9' 52,23'' pied and without contact with open landscape. N 48° 32' 25,65'' About 100-year old pines forming a stand with grassy Studienka 5 218 E 17° 8' 29,88'' undergrowth and surrounded by a meadow. N 48° 32' 16,49'' About 15-year old pines growing in irregular clusters with Studienka 6 218 E 17° 8' 15,03'' grassy undergrowth. - N 4 8 ° 3 2 ' 3 0 , 7 3 ' ' The youngest study plot with 5-year old pine trees, cano Studienka 7 219 E 17° 8' 13,49'' pied and strongly insolated. N 48° 20' 3'' About 60-year old forest with grassy undergrowth and Lozorno 8 166 E 17° 0,00' 56,1'' surrounded by agricultural land. N 4 8 ° 2 3 ' 1 6 , 5 ' ' About 8-year old Scotch pines forming a strongly canopied Pernek 9 203 E 17° 6' 10,7'' forest stand without grassy undergrowth. About 10-year old pines forming a canopied forest stand Moravský N 48° 33' 52,4'' 10 159 wall, on one side surrounded by an forest path and on the Svätý Ján E 16° 59' 54,1'' other side by 80-100-year old forests. - average temperatures below freezing point was- 1977, Spellerberg & Fedor 2003). All the couples the highest in January 2014 and February 2015 (9- of Shannon-Wiener’s diversity indices were com days). Meteorological data (according to measure pared with a t-test, to see if they are significantly ments of the station Moravský Svätý Ján) were pro different (Poole 1974). The weevil assemblages of vided by the Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute individual study plots and months of a field study Sampling weevils in Bratislava (Figs 3 and 4). were compared by non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) using computer programs NCLAS- (Podani 1993) and STATISTICA (StatSoft Inc 2001). Weevil adults were sampled monthly by beating The analyses were based on Bray-Curtis dissimilar from Scots pine branches at heights of 1–3 m above ity index (Bray & Curtis 1957, Faith et al. 1987). the ground, using a beating tray with a diameter The diversity of weevil assemblages was computed of 1 m. One sample consisted of weevils that had using the program PAST (Hammer et al. 2001). dropped into the beating tray from a total of 20 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION branches which were 1 m long each. In total, ten- Hibernating assemblages samples (200 branches) were taken every month- from each study plot. The weevil beetles were pre served in 70% ethanol and examined in the labo ratory, using a stereomicroscope Stemi 2000.
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