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Field-Expedient Weapons, Tools, and Equipment
FIELD-EXPEDIENT WEAPONS, TOOLS, AND EQUIPMENT As a soldier you know the importance of proper care and use of your weapons, tools, and equipment. This is espe- cially true of your knife. You must always keep it sharp and ready to use. A knife is your most valuable tool in a sur- vival situation. Imagine being in a survival situation with- out any weapons, tools, or equipment except your knife. It could happen! You might even be without a knife. You would probably feel helpless, but with the proper knowledge and skills, you can easily improvise needed items. In survival situations, you may have to fashion any num- ber and type of field-expedient tools and equipment to sur- vive. Examples of tools and equipment that could make your life much easier are ropes, rucksacks, clothes, nets, and so on. 12-1 Weapons serve a dual purpose. You use them to obtain and prepare food and to provide self-defense. A weapon can also give you a feeling of security and provide you with the ability to hunt on the move. CLUBS You hold clubs, you do not throw them. As a field-expedient weapon, the club does not protect you from enemy soldiers. It can, however, extend your area of defense beyond your fingertips. It also serves to increase the force of a blow without injuring yourself. There are three basic types of clubs. They are the simple, weighted, and sling club. Simple Club A simple club is a staff or branch. It must be short enough for you to swing easily, but long enough and strong enough for you to damage whatever you hit. -
Original Draft CWPP
DRAFT CITY OF SANTA BARBARA May 2020 Printed on 30% post-consumer recycled material. Table of Contents SECTIONS Acronyms and Abbreviations ..........................................................................................................................................................v Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................................................... vii 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Purpose and Need ........................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Development Team ......................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Community Involvement ................................................................................................................................................. 3 1.3.1 Stakeholders ................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3.2 Public Outreach and Engagement Plan ........................................................................................................ 4 1.3.3 Public Outreach Meetings ............................................................................................................................. -
The Arrow Shafts Is Pseudosasa Japonica Or Commonly Called Japanese Arrow Bamboo
The Japanese Arrow By Godai Katsunaga Intorduction The Ya, or arrow of Japan and was between 34 and 38 inches in length, made of fire hardened bamboo shafts and had a steel arrow head., During this period and earlier arrows used in combat were often marked to identify who owned them, this allowed samurai to get the proper credit for killing an opponent. Period Construction The bamboo used for the arrow shafts is Pseudosasa japonica or commonly called Japanese arrow bamboo. This bamboo grows in slender culms that are packed tightly together, forming a dense hedge, with large, dark green foliage. It is a tough and versatile bamboo that will thrive in shade and in sun while growing to about 15 foot tall and was common throughout Japan. Farmers and other workers harvested the bamboo in the early winter when the plants saps were down. To get the required diameter need to make arrows the plants that were between two and three years in age were preferred. After harvesting, the best bamboo was hand selected and ideally stored for about a year for drying, allowing most of the moisture in the plant material to evaporate. Preparation of each shaft included having the nodes shaved off and then softening the shaft by placing it in hot sand prior to straightening it by hand. After the shafts were straightened, they were exposed to high heat to remove any remaining moisture and harden the natural sugars, creating a stronger bond of the natural fibers; this was known as fire hardening. Fletching was done with hawk, eagle, crane or pheasant tail feathers and could be either three or four flights depending on the arrow head that would be mounted. -
Silent Weapons
SURVIVAL PAPER #SP96-18 Survival Papers is a service program of Live Free, USA, P.O. Box 375, Dolton, IL 60419-9998, USA, www.live-free.org Dedicated to the support of responsible preparedness and self-reliance SILENT WEAPONS By Christopher Nyerges [Nyerges is the author of Testing Your Outdoor Survival Skills and Guide to Wild Foods. He has been conducting Wild Food Outings and Survival Skills Outings since 1974. A schedule of his classes can be obtained by writing to Survival News Service, Box 41834, Eagle Rock, CA 90041.] As evidenced by the many societies who still today effectively use silent, primitive weapons, the firearm is not the only method of defense or hunting. Still, aren’t all firearms better than any of the primitive weapons? The answer all depends on your perspective. If you consider the relative inherent accuracy of most modern firearms, the relative ease of operation by someone unskilled, and their relative stopping or killing power, then firearms definitely rank superior to most all other weapons. Yet, there are several important reasons for investigating primitive, silent weapons as a part of your overall, long-term survival strategy. The primitive weapons described here are silent, or nearly so. The value of silence in a survival situation is at least two-fold: You may not want to announce your whereabouts, and when hunting, you won’t frighten away every animal in the vicinity after your first rifle blast. In most cases, maintenance of modern firearms requires a simple cleaning kit. But assumes you have a press and all of the needed accessories. -
Prioritizing Investments in Our Community's Recovery & Resiliency
Prioritizing Investments in Our Community’s Recovery & Resiliency PG&E Settlement Funds Community Input Survey Data Compilation Responses collected September 15 to October 25, 2020 1 Begins on Page 3 ………………………………………………………. Graph data for Spanish Survey Responses Begins on Page 22 …………………………………..…………………. Graph Data for English Survey Responses Begins on Page 42 ……………….. Open-Ended Response: Shared ideas (Spanish Survey Responses) Begins on Page 44………………….. Open-Ended Response: Shared ideas (English Survey Responses) Begins on Page 189 ..………... Open-Ended Response: Comments for Council (Spanish Responses) Page 190………..……….. Open-Ended Response: Comments for Council (English Survey Responses) 2 SPANISH SURVEY RESPONSES Did you reside within the Santa Rosa city limits during the October 2017 wildfires? Total Responses: 32 yes no 6% 94% 3 SPANISH SURVEY RESPONSES Was your Santa Rosa home or business destroyed or fire damaged in the 2017 wildfires, or did a family member perish in the 2017 wildfires? Total Responses: 32 yes no 25% 75% 4 SPANISH SURVEY RESPONSES Do you currently reside within the Santa Rosa city limits? Total Responses: 32 yes no 13% 87% 5 SPANISH SURVEY RESPONSES Survey Respondents Current Area of Residence 32 Surveys Did not Respond Outside SR within 3% Sonoma County 3% Northwest SR 38% Northeast SR 22% Southwest SR 34% 6 SPANISH SURVEY RESPONSES Where do you reside? Outside City Limits No Response City Limits Out of County Out of State within Sonoma County Provided Northeast Sebastopol 1 - 0 - 0 unknown 1 Fountaingrove 1 -
Communitywildfire Protectionplan
COMMUNITY WILDFIRE PROTECTION PLAN GROVE STREET FIRE SAFE COUNCIL, INC. FOR THE COMMUNITIES LOCATED ALONG THE GROVE STREET CORRIDOR IN THE WEST SONOMA HILLS Development This Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) was developed by the Grove Street Fire Safe Council, Inc. (GSFSCI) with guidance and support from Fire Safe Sonoma, the County of Sonoma, The California Fire Safe Council, and the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. This CWPP supplements the Sonoma County Community Wildfire Protection Plan. AUGUST 2020 Grove Street Fire Safe Council Inc. http://grovestreetfsc.org/ 1 DISCLAIMER Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view(s) of any governmental agency, organization, corporation or individual with which the authors may be affiliated. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. This Community Wildfire Prevention Plan (CWPP) is a work in progress. Various changes are anticipated throughout the Plan over the next several years. Readers are urged to consult with their own agencies having jurisdiction regarding the use or implementation of this Plan, as well as their own legal counsel on matters of concern. While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this Plan, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by receiving this publication. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your specific situation. -
MOST ANCIENT EGYPT Oi.Uchicago.Edu Oi.Uchicago.Edu
oi.uchicago.edu MOST ANCIENT EGYPT oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu Internet publication of this work was made possible with the generous support of Misty and Lewis Gruber MOST ANCIE NT EGYPT William C. Hayes EDITED BY KEITH C. SEELE THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS CHICAGO & LONDON oi.uchicago.edu Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 65-17294 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS, CHICAGO & LONDON The University of Toronto Press, Toronto 5, Canada © 1964, 1965 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Published 1965. Printed in the United States of America oi.uchicago.edu WILLIAM CHRISTOPHER HAYES 1903-1963 oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu INTRODUCTION WILLIAM CHRISTOPHER HAYES was on the day of his premature death on July 10, 1963 the unrivaled chief of American Egyptologists. Though only sixty years of age, he had published eight books and two book-length articles, four chapters of the new revised edition of the Cambridge Ancient History, thirty-six other articles, and numerous book reviews. He had also served for nine years in Egypt on expeditions of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the institution to which he devoted his entire career, and more than four years in the United States Navy in World War II, during which he was wounded in action-both periods when scientific writing fell into the background of his activity. He was presented by the President of the United States with the bronze star medal and cited "for meritorious achievement as Commanding Officer of the U.S.S. VIGILANCE ... in the efficient and expeditious sweeping of several hostile mine fields.., and contributing materially to the successful clearing of approaches to Okinawa for our in- vasion forces." Hayes' original intention was to work in the field of medieval arche- ology. -
Survival Training Contents SURVIVAL PLANNING and SURVIVAL KITS
Survival Training Contents SURVIVAL PLANNING AND SURVIVAL KITS ................................................................................................... 8 IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING ..................................................................................................................... 9 SURVIVAL KITS ........................................................................................................................................... 9 SURVIVAL ACTIONS ................................................................................................................................. 10 S -Size Up the Situation ....................................................................................................................... 10 U -Use All Your Senses, Undue Haste Makes Waste ........................................................................... 11 R -Remember Where You Are ............................................................................................................. 11 V -Vanquish Fear and Panic ................................................................................................................ 11 I -Improvise ......................................................................................................................................... 11 V -Value Living ..................................................................................................................................... 11 A -Act Like the Natives ....................................................................................................................... -
Experimental Studies in the Field of Ballistics on Different Types of Arrow Shafts
Maciej Sadło Experimental Studies in the Field of Ballistics on Different Types of Arrow Shafts Maciej Sadło The invention of metallurgy improved the manufacture of arrow shafts made from split wood; however, it is likely that before this innovation this process relied mainly on stems from trees and shrubs. In Europe, the species employed in shaft manufacture included willow, hazel, dogwood, and viburnum. The goal of the study presented here was to examine how wood type influences arrow flight trajectory. Towards this aim, an experiment was carried out in 2019 using replicas of bows modeled on prehistoric finds from Europe, namely the Bolków and the Holmegaard bows. This article presents the results of this ballistic research, showing possible differences in the use of different species of trees and shrubs. 76 Chronika volume 11iv 76 6/8/21 5:11 PM Experimental Studies in the Field of Ballistics on Different Types of Arrow Shafts Introduction reflected in the literature, where studies devoted to the preservation and influence In Europe, interest in archery emerged of the arrow shaft on flight trajectory are around the mid-nineteenth century as a absent. Only a few prehistoric sites where result of the then popular image of the preserved arrow shafts were found are “noble savage” and the “fashion for history” known in Europe. These include Stellmoore in Victorian England, when the bow was 8 1 in northern Germany , Similaun in the Ötztal a toy for the elite . The development of Alps9, and Langfonne in Norway10. At these science drove scholars to look at this tool sites, the use of several tree species for shaft as an object that could be studied, and at production has been recorded. -
Spear Wood Does Slightly Harden It, but Makes It Much 2 Weaker and More Brittle
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repository@Hull - CRIS 1 “Fire-Hardening” spear wood does slightly harden it, but makes it much 2 weaker and more brittle. 3 Antony Roland Ennos1 and Tak Lok Chan, 4 School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, 5 Cottingham Road, Kingston-upon-Hull, HU6 7RX, UK 6 1 Corresponding author: [email protected] 7 8 9 10 Abstract 11 It is usually assumed that “fire hardening” the tips of spears, as practised by hunter 12 gatherers and early Homo spp., makes them harder and better suited for hunting. 13 This suggestion was tested by subjecting coppiced poles of hazel to a fire hardening 14 process and comparing their mechanical properties to those of naturally seasoned 15 poles. A Shore D hardness test sho wed that fire treatment slightly increased the 16 hardness of the wood, but flexural and impact tests showed that it reduced the 17 strength and work of fracture by 30% and 36% respectively. These results suggest 18 that though potentially slightly sharper and more durable, fire hardened tips would 19 actually be more likely to break off when used, as may have been the case with the 20 earliest known wooden tool, the Clacton spear. Fire might first have been used to 21 help sharpen the tips of spears, and fire-hardening would have been a mostly 22 negative side-effect, not its primary purpose. 23 24 Keywords 25 Wood, spears, fire hardening, hardness, mechanical properties 26 27 28 Introduction 29 Since our closest living relatives, the chimpanzees, make and use spears (1) it is 30 likely that stabbing and throwing spears must have been invented early in human 31 history. -
Fire Seal Evaluation.Rvso Revision 1
, NEW YORK POWER AUTHORITY Indian Point 3 Nuclear Power Plant. FIRE SEAL. EVALUATION Self Ignition Temperatures of Cable Insulation as it Relates to'the Design of Fire Seals Evaluation Number: IP3-ANAL-FP-O1 392 /-> Revision 1 --- 9701030037 981223 PDR ADOCK 05000286 P PDR z k6 OW NewvYork Power 40 Authority FIRE SEAL EVALUATION Self Ignition Temperatures of Cable Insulation as it Relates to the Design of Fire Seals Evaluation Number: IP3-ANAL-EP-Ol 392 Revision 1 QIN T z C, f ?010J001w NEW YORK.POWER AUTHORITY Indian Point 3 Nuclear Power Plant FIRE SEAL EVALUATION Self Ignition Temperatures of Cable Insulation as it Relates-to the Design of Fire.S~als Evaluation Number: 1P3-ANAL-FP-01392, Revision 1 IITE CN'A N 0 UT LOC:_ ____ Prepared by: S. Reviewed by:t Dr. 'A. Tewarson -Technical Review F.cVrjMu( 1 Rsearch Corporation Reviewed by: P. Koklakis '~.censingReview Approved by: ___ Approved by IP3-ANAL-FP-01392, Fire Seal Evaluation Revision 1 Record of Revisions Bayjai=Q Initial Issue to respond to NRC Unresolved Item (URI) 286/93-24-03 a.,;documented in NRC Inspection Report 50 286/93-24 (Ref(xrence 2.15). Incorporate thel review of EPRI report test data anomaly. IP3-ANAL-FP-0139 2 , Fire Seal Evaluation Revision 1 Table of Contents Setin flatt 1.0 PURPOSE 2.0 REFERENCES 3.0 BACKGROUND 3.1 Initial Fire Seal Qualification 3.2 NRC Inspection 93-24 3.3 Initial Response to URI 93-24-03 3.4 EPRI studies 3.5 NRC Review of Revision 0 3.6 Disposition of NRC Concern 4.0 EVALUATION 4.1 IP3 Fire Seal 4.2 IP3 Fire Seal Design Basis 4.3 IP3 Cables 4.4 Justification for Acceptance 5.0 CONCLUSION 6.0 ATTACHMENTS- IP3-ANAL-FP-01392, Fire Seal Evaluation RevisionRvso 1 1.0 12URPOS~E This evaluation Iwill review the self-ignition temperatures of Indian Point No. -
United States National Museum
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bulletin 87 CULTURE OF THE ANCIENT PUEBLOS OF THE UPPER GILA RIVER REGION, NEW MEXICO AND ARIZONA SECOND MUSEUM-GATES EXPEDITION WALTER HOUGH Curator, Division of Ethnology, Utiited States National .^fuseum WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFEIC£ I91« SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bulletin 87 CULTURE OF THE ANCIENT PUEBLOS OF THE UPPER GILA RIVER REGION, NEW MEXICO AND ARIZONA SECOND MUSEUM-GATES EXPEDITION WALTER HOUGH Curator, Division of Ethnology, United States National Museum WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1914 BULLETIN OF THE "UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Issued March 21, 1914. II ADVERTISEMENT. The scientific publications of the United States National Museum consist of two series—the Proceedings and the Bulletins. The scientific publications of the United States National Museum are intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original, and usually brief, papers based on the collections of the National Museum, presenting newly acquired facts in zoology, geology, and anthropol- ogy, including descriptions of new forms of animals, and revisions of limited groups. One or two volumes are issued annually and dis- tributed to libraries and scientific organizations. A limited number of copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, is distributed to specialists and others interested in the different subjects as soon as printed. The date of publication is printed on each paper, and these dates are also recorded in the tables of contents of the volumes. The Bulletins., the first of which was issued in 1875, consist of a series of separate publications comprising chiefly monographs of large zoological groups and other general systematic treatises (occa- sionally in several volumes), faunal work, reports of expeditions, and catalogues of type-specimens, special collections, etc.