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Dessin De Presse.Indb Dessin de presse et Internet Dessinateurs et internautes face à la mondialisation numérique Guillaume Doizy Préface de Jean-Claude Gardes EIRIS Dessin de couverture : Marc Large 4e de couverture : Pakman Sommaire Préface (Jean-Claude Gardes) ................................................................. 9 Introduction ........................................................................................ 13 Le dessin de presse face à la Toile ..................................................... 13 Les fulgurants progrès du web ......................................................... 16 Du papier au web, un transfert du dessin éditorial qui se généralise ... 19 Les réserves de la presse nationale en France .................................... 20 La presse régionale se montre moins timorée ................................... 22 Un phénomène qui se généralise dans le monde via les sites des journaux en ligne ...................................................................... 24 L’Europe au diapason ...................................................................... 26 Amérique du Nord : le cartoon omniprésent sur le web .................... 28 Du journal au groupe de presse ....................................................... 30 Du groupe de presse aux syndicates .................................................. 30 L’Afrique loin du web ...................................................................... 33 Les Pure players ouverts au dessin de presse ...................................... 33 Sites et blogs de dessinateurs : une présence multiforme ..................... 37 De Daryl Cagle à nos jours .............................................................. 37 Sites collectifs : une profession qui se structure sur la Toile .............. 39 Une présence incontournable : quel bénéfi ce pour le dessinateur ? ... 42 Trouver son public et dialoguer avec lui ........................................... 43 Forme et contenus : réédition ou inédit, site ou blog ? ..................... 44 Le droit d’auteur à l’heure du virtuel ............................................... 46 Une source iconographique et informative pour le dessinateur ........ 47 Désenclavement : l’artiste face à la mondialisation ........................... 48 Liberté d’expression et choc des cultures .......................................... 50 Economie et gratuité : les limites du web ......................................... 51 Un rapport à l’image inédit ................................................................. 53 Un dessin d’actualité spécifi que au web ? ......................................... 53 La longue marche des « animation sketches » .................................. 54 Le web, une caisse de résonance… sans écho ? ................................. 57 Dévaluation de l’œuvre dématérialisée ............................................. 59 Pléthore et dilution du dessin d’actualité en ligne ............................ 60 Décontextualisation ........................................................................ 61 Adaptation – Recontextualisation .................................................... 63 Appropriation par le web-acteur ...................................................... 64 Diversité des produits, diversité de la réception ............................... 64 Le dessin de presse en ligne : un patrimoine pour quelles recherches ? ... 65 Dessin en ligne et problèmes d’archivage ......................................... 66 Des données en ligne, mais pour quels types d’études ? ................... 67 L’image satirique ancienne : une mise en ligne tardive qui s’accélère 70 Quels « portails » pour l’image satirique ? ........................................ 74 Conclusion - Dessin de presse et Internet : rupture ou continuité ? .... 76 Cahier central (Dessins) ....................................................................... 87 Interviews .......................................................................................... 101 Aurel (France) ............................................................................... 102 Pierre Ballouhey (France) .............................................................. 105 Berth (France) ............................................................................... 107 Laurent Blachier (France) .............................................................. 113 Bernard Bouton (FECO, France) .................................................. 115 Olivier Bras (Courrier International, France) .................................. 119 Cameron Cardow (Canada) .......................................................... 121 Chimulus (France) ........................................................................ 124 Coco (France) ............................................................................... 127 Colcanopa (France) ....................................................................... 131 Odile Conseil (Conseil International, France) ................................. 133 André-Philippe Côté (Canada) ...................................................... 136 Jeff Danziger (USA) ...................................................................... 139 Philippe Decressac (Belgique) ........................................................ 140 Deligne (France) ........................................................................... 143 Liza Donnelly (USA) .................................................................... 146 François Forcadell (Iconovox, France) ............................................. 147 Damien Glez (Burkina Faso) ......................................................... 149 Goubelle (France) ......................................................................... 154 Th omas Goussard (France) ............................................................ 156 Carsten Graabaek (Danemark) ...................................................... 158 Dave Granlund (USA) .................................................................. 160 Rainer Hachfeld (Allemagne) ........................................................ 162 Emad Hajjaj (Jordanie) ................................................................. 164 Jiho (France) ................................................................................. 166 Lee Judge (USA) ........................................................................... 169 Kap (Espagne) ............................................................................... 170 Pierre Kroll (Belgique) ................................................................... 174 Marc Large (France) ...................................................................... 177 Lasserpe (France) ........................................................................... 180 Lindingre (France) ........................................................................ 182 Louison (France) ........................................................................... 184 Daniel Maja (France) .................................................................... 185 Francisco Manny (Singapour) ....................................................... 187 Pedro Molina (Nicaragua) ............................................................. 189 Jim Morin (USA) .......................................................................... 192 Peter Nicholson (Australie) ............................................................ 194 Pakman (France) ........................................................................... 197 Plantu (France) ............................................................................. 199 Marlene Pohle (Argentine) ............................................................ 203 Snut (France) ................................................................................ 205 Jacques Sondron (Belgique) ........................................................... 207 Stephff (Th aïlande) ........................................................................ 211 Klaus Stuttmann (Allemagne) ....................................................... 214 James Tanay (Iconovox) .................................................................. 216 Ann Telnaes (USA) ........................................................................ 219 Martin Vidberg (France) ............................................................... 221 Zapiro (Afrique du Sud) ................................................................ 225 PRÉFACE Nous vivons actuellement une révolution technologique sans précédent dont il est encore diffi cile de mesurer les conséquences. L’informatique et la Toile mondiale tissée par Internet modifi ent en profondeur tout autant les relations de travail que les comportements et les rapports humains. Face à ce phénomène mal maîtrisé et sans doute insuffi samment analysé, il est bon de prendre le temps de la réfl exion et de s’interroger sur la fi nalité, les avantages et les désavantages des nouvelles techniques d’information et de communication. Il va de soi que le dessin de presse est directement touché par cette évo- lution, que les pratiques des dessinateurs comme des lecteurs ont changé, en très peu d’années. Il faut remercier Guillaume Doizy qui présente avec cet ouvrage une première étude circonstanciée de l’infl uence exercée par Internet sur le dessin de presse, l’évolution du métier de dessinateur ainsi que sur le comportement des internautes. Lors de l’après-midi d’études consacrée le 9 décembre 2009 au thème « Dessin de presse, patrimoine vivant d’hier et d’aujourd’hui » à la Bibliothèque Nationale
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