Quantum Technology: from Research to Application
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Quantum Information Science and the Technology Frontier Jake Taylor February 5Th, 2020
Quantum Information Science and the Technology Frontier Jake Taylor February 5th, 2020 Office of Science and Technology Policy www.whitehouse.gov/ostp www.ostp.gov @WHOSTP Photo credit: Lloyd Whitman The National Quantum Initiative Signed Dec 21, 2018 11 years of sustained effort DOE: new centers working with the labs, new programs NSF: new academic centers NIST: industrial consortium, expand core programs Coordination: NSTC combined with a National Coordination Office and an external Advisory committee 2 National Science and Technology Council • Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science (SCQIS) • DoE, NSF, NIST co-chairs • Coordinates NQI, other research activities • Subcommittee on Economic and Security Implications of Quantum Science (ESIX) • DoD, DoE, NSA co-chairs • Civilian, IC, Defense conversation space 3 Policy Recommendations • Focus on a science-first approach that aims to identify and solve Grand Challenges: problems whose solutions enable transformative scientific and industrial progress; • Build a quantum-smart and diverse workforce to meet the needs of a growing field; • Encourage industry engagement, providing appropriate mechanisms for public-private partnerships; • Provide the key infrastructure and support needed to realize the scientific and technological opportunities; • Drive economic growth; • Maintain national security; and • Continue to develop international collaboration and cooperation. 4 Quantum Sensing Accuracy via physical law New modalities of measurement Concept: atoms are indistinguishable. Use Challenge: measuring inside the body. Use this to create time standards, enables quantum behavior of individual nuclei to global navigation. image magnetic resonances (MRI) Concept: speed of light is constant. Use this Challenge: estimating length limited by ‘shot to measure distance using a time standard. noise’ (individual photons!). -
American Leadership in Quantum Technology Joint Hearing
AMERICAN LEADERSHIP IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGY JOINT HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY & SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION OCTOBER 24, 2017 Serial No. 115–32 Printed for the use of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://science.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 27–671PDF WASHINGTON : 2018 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY HON. LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas, Chair FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas DANA ROHRABACHER, California ZOE LOFGREN, California MO BROOKS, Alabama DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois RANDY HULTGREN, Illinois SUZANNE BONAMICI, Oregon BILL POSEY, Florida ALAN GRAYSON, Florida THOMAS MASSIE, Kentucky AMI BERA, California JIM BRIDENSTINE, Oklahoma ELIZABETH H. ESTY, Connecticut RANDY K. WEBER, Texas MARC A. VEASEY, Texas STEPHEN KNIGHT, California DONALD S. BEYER, JR., Virginia BRIAN BABIN, Texas JACKY ROSEN, Nevada BARBARA COMSTOCK, Virginia JERRY MCNERNEY, California BARRY LOUDERMILK, Georgia ED PERLMUTTER, Colorado RALPH LEE ABRAHAM, Louisiana PAUL TONKO, New York DRAIN LAHOOD, Illinois BILL FOSTER, Illinois DANIEL WEBSTER, Florida MARK TAKANO, California JIM BANKS, Indiana COLLEEN HANABUSA, Hawaii ANDY BIGGS, Arizona CHARLIE CRIST, Florida ROGER W. MARSHALL, Kansas NEAL P. DUNN, Florida CLAY HIGGINS, Louisiana RALPH NORMAN, South Carolina SUBCOMMITTEE ON RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY HON. BARBARA COMSTOCK, Virginia, Chair FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois RANDY HULTGREN, Illinois ELIZABETH H. -
Defense Primer: Quantum Technology
Updated June 7, 2021 Defense Primer: Quantum Technology Quantum technology translates the principles of quantum Successful development and deployment of such sensors physics into technological applications. In general, quantum could lead to significant improvements in submarine technology has not yet reached maturity; however, it could detection and, in turn, compromise the survivability of sea- hold significant implications for the future of military based nuclear deterrents. Quantum sensors could also sensing, encryption, and communications, as well as for enable military personnel to detect underground structures congressional oversight, authorizations, and appropriations. or nuclear materials due to their expected “extreme sensitivity to environmental disturbances.” The sensitivity Key Concepts in Quantum Technology of quantum sensors could similarly potentially enable Quantum applications rely on a number of key concepts, militaries to detect electromagnetic emissions, thus including superposition, quantum bits (qubits), and enhancing electronic warfare capabilities and potentially entanglement. Superposition refers to the ability of quantum assisting in locating concealed adversary forces. systems to exist in two or more states simultaneously. A qubit is a computing unit that leverages the principle of The DSB concluded that quantum radar, hypothesized to be superposition to encode information. (A classical computer capable of identifying the performance characteristics (e.g., encodes information in bits that can represent binary -
Arxiv:1812.07904V1 [Quant-Ph] 19 Dec 2018 Tms
Pulse shaping using dispersion-engineered difference frequency generation M. Allgaier,1 V. Ansari,1 J. M. Donohue,1, 2 C. Eigner,1 V. Quiring,1 R. Ricken,1 B. Brecht,1 and C. Silberhorn1 1Integrated Quantum Optics, Applied Physics, University of Paderborn, 33098 Paderborn, Germany 2Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1 (Dated: December 20, 2018) The temporal-mode (TM) basis is a prime candidate to perform high-dimensional quantum encod- ing. Quantum frequency conversion has been employed as a tool to perform tomographic analysis and manipulation of ultrafast states of quantum light necessary to implement a TM-based encod- ing protocol. While demultiplexing of such states of light has been demonstrated in the Quantum Pulse Gate (QPG), a multiplexing device is needed to complete an experimental framework for TM encoding. In this work we demonstrate the reverse process of the QPG. A dispersion-engineered difference frequency generation in non-linear optical waveguides is employed to imprint the pulse shape of the pump pulse onto the output. This transformation is unitary and can be more efficient than classical pulse shaping methods. We experimentally study the process by shaping the first five orders of Hermite-Gauss modes of various bandwidths. Finally, we establish and model the limits of practical, reliable shaping operation. High-dimensional encoding can potentially increase the To design a DFG pulse shaping device such as the security of quantum communication protocols as well as QPS, one has to first revisit the working principle be- the information capacity of a single photon [1, 2]. -
EU–US Collaboration on Quantum Technologies Emerging Opportunities for Research and Standards-Setting
Research EU–US collaboration Paper on quantum technologies International Security Programme Emerging opportunities for January 2021 research and standards-setting Martin Everett Chatham House, the Royal Institute of International Affairs, is a world-leading policy institute based in London. Our mission is to help governments and societies build a sustainably secure, prosperous and just world. EU–US collaboration on quantum technologies Emerging opportunities for research and standards-setting Summary — While claims of ‘quantum supremacy’ – where a quantum computer outperforms a classical computer by orders of magnitude – continue to be contested, the security implications of such an achievement have adversely impacted the potential for future partnerships in the field. — Quantum communications infrastructure continues to develop, though technological obstacles remain. The EU has linked development of quantum capacity and capability to its recovery following the COVID-19 pandemic and is expected to make rapid progress through its Quantum Communication Initiative. — Existing dialogue between the EU and US highlights opportunities for collaboration on quantum technologies in the areas of basic scientific research and on communications standards. While the EU Quantum Flagship has already had limited engagement with the US on quantum technology collaboration, greater direct cooperation between EUPOPUSA and the Flagship would improve the prospects of both parties in this field. — Additional support for EU-based researchers and start-ups should be provided where possible – for example, increasing funding for representatives from Europe to attend US-based conferences, while greater investment in EU-based quantum enterprises could mitigate potential ‘brain drain’. — Superconducting qubits remain the most likely basis for a quantum computer. Quantum computers composed of around 50 qubits, as well as a quantum cloud computing service using greater numbers of superconducting qubits, are anticipated to emerge in 2021. -
A Quantum Walk Control Plane for Distributed Quantum Computing In
A quantum walk control plane for distributed quantum computing in quantum networks MatheusGuedesdeAndrade WenhanDai SaikatGuha DonTowsley Abstract—Quantum networks are complex systems of quantum operations, given the fact that physical formed by the interaction among quantum processors separation directly reduces cross talk among qubits [6]. through quantum channels. Analogous to classical com- When the quantum network scenario is considered, the puter networks, quantum networks allow for the distribu- tion of quantum computation among quantum comput- complexity of distributed quantum computing extends ers. In this work, we describe a quantum walk protocol in at least two dimensions. First, physical quantum to perform distributed quantum computing in a quantum channels have a well known depleting effect in the network. The protocol uses a quantum walk as a quantum exchange of quantum data, e.g the exponential decrease control signal to perform distributed quantum operations. in channel entanglement rate with distance [7]. Second, We consider a generalization of the discrete-time coined quantum walk model that accounts for the interaction there is a demand for a quantum network protocol between a quantum walker system in the network graph capable of performing a desired distributed quantum with quantum registers inside the network nodes. The operation while accounting for network connectivity. protocol logically captures distributed quantum com- Generic quantum computation with qubits in distinct puting, abstracting hardware implementation and the quantum processors demands either the application of transmission of quantum information through channels. Control signal transmission is mapped to the propagation remote controlled gates [8] or the continuous exchange of the walker system across the network, while interac- of quantum information. -
Arxiv:2102.01176V2 [Quant-Ph] 14 Jun 2021
Probing the topological Anderson transition with quantum walks Dmitry Bagrets,1 Kun Woo Kim,1, 2 Sonja Barkhofen,3 Syamsundar De,3 Jan Sperling,3 Christine Silberhorn,3 Alexander Altland,1 and Tobias Micklitz4 1Institut f¨urTheoretische Physik, Universit¨atzu K¨oln,Z¨ulpicherStraße 77, 50937 K¨oln,Germany 2Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, 06974 Seoul, Korea 3Integrated Quantum Optics Group, Institute for Photonic Quantum Systems (PhoQS), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany 4Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas F´ısicas, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, 22290-180, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Dated: June 15, 2021) We consider one-dimensional quantum walks in optical linear networks with synthetically intro- duced disorder and tunable system parameters allowing for the engineered realization of distinct topological phases. The option to directly monitor the walker's probability distribution makes this optical platform ideally suited for the experimental observation of the unique signatures of the one- dimensional topological Anderson transition. We analytically calculate the probability distribution describing the quantum critical walk in terms of a (time staggered) spin polarization signal and propose a concrete experimental protocol for its measurement. Numerical simulations back the realizability of our blueprint with current date experimental hardware. I. INTRODUCTION 0 푅 Low-dimensional disordered quantum systems can es- cape the common fate of Anderson localization once 푇 topology comes into play, as first witnessed at the inte- ger quantum Hall plateau transitions [1, 2]. The advent 1 of topological insulators has brought a systematic un- 푅 derstanding of topological Anderson insulators and their phase transitions [3]. The hallmark of Anderson insu- 푇 lating phase with non-trivial topology (coined 'topologi- cal Anderson insulator') is the presence of topologically 2 protected chiral edge states [4, 5]. -
Quantum Computing in the NISQ Era and Beyond
Quantum Computing in the NISQ era and beyond John Preskill Institute for Quantum Information and Matter and Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125, USA 30 July 2018 Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) technology will be available in the near future. Quantum computers with 50-100 qubits may be able to perform tasks which surpass the capabilities of today’s classical digital computers, but noise in quantum gates will limit the size of quantum circuits that can be executed reliably. NISQ devices will be useful tools for exploring many-body quantum physics, and may have other useful applications, but the 100-qubit quantum computer will not change the world right away — we should regard it as a significant step toward the more powerful quantum technologies of the future. Quantum technologists should continue to strive for more accurate quantum gates and, eventually, fully fault-tolerant quantum computing. 1 Introduction Now is an opportune time for a fruitful discussion among researchers, entrepreneurs, man- agers, and investors who share an interest in quantum computing. There has been a recent surge of investment by both large public companies and startup companies, a trend that has surprised many quantumists working in academia. While we have long recognized the commercial potential of quantum technology, this ramping up of industrial activity has happened sooner and more suddenly than most of us expected. In this article I assess the current status and future potential of quantum computing. Because quantum computing technology is so different from the information technology we use now, we have only a very limited ability to glimpse its future applications, or to project when these applications will come to fruition. -
Quantum Information Science
Quantum Information Science Seth Lloyd Professor of Quantum-Mechanical Engineering Director, WM Keck Center for Extreme Quantum Information Theory (xQIT) Massachusetts Institute of Technology Article Outline: Glossary I. Definition of the Subject and Its Importance II. Introduction III. Quantum Mechanics IV. Quantum Computation V. Noise and Errors VI. Quantum Communication VII. Implications and Conclusions 1 Glossary Algorithm: A systematic procedure for solving a problem, frequently implemented as a computer program. Bit: The fundamental unit of information, representing the distinction between two possi- ble states, conventionally called 0 and 1. The word ‘bit’ is also used to refer to a physical system that registers a bit of information. Boolean Algebra: The mathematics of manipulating bits using simple operations such as AND, OR, NOT, and COPY. Communication Channel: A physical system that allows information to be transmitted from one place to another. Computer: A device for processing information. A digital computer uses Boolean algebra (q.v.) to processes information in the form of bits. Cryptography: The science and technique of encoding information in a secret form. The process of encoding is called encryption, and a system for encoding and decoding is called a cipher. A key is a piece of information used for encoding or decoding. Public-key cryptography operates using a public key by which information is encrypted, and a separate private key by which the encrypted message is decoded. Decoherence: A peculiarly quantum form of noise that has no classical analog. Decoherence destroys quantum superpositions and is the most important and ubiquitous form of noise in quantum computers and quantum communication channels. -
Creating Innovative Non-Traditional Sciences and Technologies Based on Quantum and Related Phenomena
Moonshot International Symposium December 18, 2019 Working Group 6 Creating innovative non-traditional sciences and technologies based on quantum and related phenomena Initiative Report WG6:Creating innovative non-traditional sciences and technologies based on quantum and related phenomena Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... 3 I. VISION AND PHILOSOPHY .................................................................................................. 4 1. The Moonshot 「Area」 「Vision」 for setting 「MS」 Goals candidate ................................ 4 2. Concept of MS Goal candidate ............................................................................................. 5 3. Why Now? .......................................................................................................................... 6 4. Changes in industry and society............................................................................................ 7 II. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ................................................................................................... 10 1. Structure of MS Goal .......................................................................................................... 10 2. Science and Technology Map ............................................................................................. 11 III. SCENARIO FOR REALIZATION ....................................................................................... 19 1. -
Driven Quantum Walks
Driven Quantum Walks Craig S. Hamilton,1, ∗ Regina Kruse,2 Linda Sansoni,2 Christine Silberhorn,2 and Igor Jex1 1FNSPE, Czech Technical University in Prague, Bˇrehov´a7, 115 19, Praha 1, Czech Republic 2Applied Physics, University of Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany In this letter we introduce the concept of a driven quantum walk. This work is motivated by recent theoretical and experimental progress that combines quantum walks and parametric down- conversion, leading to fundamentally different phenomena. We compare these striking differences by relating the driven quantum walks to the original quantum walk. Next, we illustrate typical dynamics of such systems and show these walks can be controlled by various pump configurations and phase matchings. Finally, we end by proposing an application of this process based on a quantum search algorithm that performs faster than a classical search. PACS numbers: 05.45.Xt, 42.50.Gy, 03.67.Ac Quantum walks (QW) have become widely studied the- encoded into a matrix C which describes the connections oretically [1{3] and experimentally in a variety of dif- between the different modes of the system, as well as the ferent settings such as classical optics [4{7], photons in on-site terms. The CTQW has the generic Hamiltonian, waveguide arrays [8, 9] and trapped atoms [10, 11]. They ^ X y exhibit different behaviour than classical random walks HC = Cj;ka^ja^k + h.c.; (1) due to the interference of the quantum walker [12]. The j;k quantum walk paradigm has been used to demonstrate y wherea ^j; a^j are the bosonic creation and annihilation op- that they are capable of universal quantum computing erators respectively of the walker on the jth site of the [13, 14], including search algorithms [15] and more gen- graph and the evolution of the walk is given simply by eral quantum transport problems [16, 17]. -
Quantum Information Science: Applications, Global Research and Development, and Policy Considerations
Quantum Information Science: Applications, Global Research and Development, and Policy Considerations November 19, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45409 SUMMARY R45409 Quantum Information Science: Applications, November 19, 2018 Global Research and Development, and Policy Patricia Moloney Figliola Considerations Specialist in Internet and Telecommunications Quantum information science (QIS) combines elements of mathematics, computer Policy science, engineering, and physical sciences, and has the potential to provide capabilities far beyond what is possible with the most advanced technologies available today. Although much of the press coverage of QIS has been devoted to quantum computing, there is more to QIS. Many experts divide QIS technologies into three application areas: Sensing and metrology, Communications, and Computing and simulation. The government’s interest in QIS dates back at least to the mid-1990s, when the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Department of Defense (DOD) held their first workshops on the topic. QIS is first mentioned in the FY2008 budget of what is now the Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Program and has been a component of the program since then. Today, QIS is a component of the National Strategic Computing Initiative (Presidential Executive Order 13702), which was established in 2015. Most recently, in September 2018, the National Science and Technology Council issued the National Strategic Overview for Quantum Information Science. The policy opportunities identified in this strategic overview include— choosing a science-first approach to QIS, creating a “quantum-smart” workforce, deepening engagement with the quantum industry, providing critical infrastructure, maintaining national security and economic growth, and advancing international cooperation.