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Northern Alaska NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-259 Community Profiles for North Pacific Fisheries - Alaska Volume 4 by A. Himes-Cornell, K. Hoelting, C. Maguire, L. Munger-Little, J. Lee, J. Fisk, R. Felthoven, C. Geller, and P. Little U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center November 2013 NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS The National Marine Fisheries Service's Alaska Fisheries Science Center uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum series to issue informal scientific and technical publications when complete formal review and editorial processing are not appropriate or feasible. Documents within this series reflect sound professional work and may be referenced in the formal scientific and technical literature. The NMFS-AFSC Technical Memorandum series of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center continues the NMFS-F/NWC series established in 1970 by the Northwest Fisheries Center. The NMFS-NWFSC series is currently used by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. This document should be cited as follows: Himes-Cornell, A., K. Hoelting, C. Maguire, L. Munger-Little, J. Lee, J. Fisk, R. Felthoven, C. Geller, and P. Little. 2013. Community profiles for North Pacific fisheries - Alaska. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-259, Volume 4, 287 p. Reference in this document to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-259 Community Profiles for North Pacific Fisheries - Alaska Volume 4 by A. Himes-Cornell, K. Hoelting, C. Maguire, L. Munger-Little, J. Lee, J. Fisk, R. Felthoven, C. Geller, and P. Little Alaska Fisheries Science Center Resource Ecology and Fisheries Assessment Division Economics and Social Sciences Research Program 7600 Sand Point Way N.E. Seattle, WA 98115 www.afsc.noaa.gov U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Penny. S. Pritzker, Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Kathryn D. Sullivan, Under Secretary and Administrator National Marine Fisheries Service Samuel D. Rauch III, Acting Assistant Administrator for Fisheries November 2013 This document is available to the public through: National Technical Information Service U.S. Department of Commerce 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 www.ntis.gov NOAA-TM-AFSC-259 – Volume 4 Community Profiles for North Pacific Fisheries – Alaska: Northern Alaska Northern Alaska REGIONAL INTRODUCTION: NORTHERN ALASKA COMMUNITIES .............................................................................................................................. 1 PEOPLE AND PLACE...................................................................................................................... 2 Location .................................................................................................................................. 2 Demographic Profile .............................................................................................................. 2 History..................................................................................................................................... 3 NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................. 4 GOVERNANCE .............................................................................................................................. 6 INVOLVEMENT IN NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES .............................................................................. 6 REGIONAL CHALLENGES .............................................................................................................. 9 BARROW .................................................................................................................................... 11 PEOPLE AND PLACE.................................................................................................................... 11 Location ............................................................................................................................... 11 Demographic Profile, ............................................................................................................ 11 History, Traditional Knowledge, and Culture ...................................................................... 14 NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................... 15 CURRENT ECONOMY .................................................................................................................. 16 GOVERNANCE ............................................................................................................................ 18 INFRASTRUCTURE ...................................................................................................................... 19 Connectivity and Transportation .......................................................................................... 19 Facilities ............................................................................................................................... 20 Medical Services ................................................................................................................... 20 Educational Opportunities .................................................................................................... 20 INVOLVEMENT IN NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES ............................................................................ 21 History and Evolution of Fisheries ....................................................................................... 21 Processing Plants.................................................................................................................. 21 Fisheries-Related Revenue .................................................................................................... 21 Commercial Fishing.............................................................................................................. 21 Recreational Fishing ............................................................................................................. 29 Subsistence Fishing ............................................................................................................... 30 KAKTOVIK ............................................................................................................................... 34 PEOPLE AND PLACE.................................................................................................................... 34 Location ................................................................................................................................ 34 Demographic Profile ............................................................................................................ 34 History, Traditional Knowledge, and Culture ...................................................................... 37 NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................... 38 CURRENT ECONOMY .................................................................................................................. 40 GOVERNANCE ............................................................................................................................ 42 INFRASTRUCTURE ...................................................................................................................... 44 Connectivity and Transportation .......................................................................................... 44 Facilities ............................................................................................................................... 45 iii NOAA-TM-AFSC-259 – Volume 4 Community Profiles for North Pacific Fisheries – Alaska: Northern Alaska Medical Services ................................................................................................................... 45 Educational Opportunities .................................................................................................... 46 INVOLVEMENT IN NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES ............................................................................ 46 History and Evolution of Fisheries ....................................................................................... 46 Processing Plants.................................................................................................................. 47 Fisheries-Related Revenue .................................................................................................... 47 Commercial Fishing.............................................................................................................. 47 Recreational Fishing ............................................................................................................. 55 Subsistence Fishing ............................................................................................................... 56 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ....................................................................................................... 58 KIANA ........................................................................................................................................ 61 PEOPLE AND PLACE.................................................................................................................... 61 Location ...............................................................................................................................
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