DOCSLIB.ORG

Spatial Distribution and Nesting Behavior

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Spatial Distribution and Nesting Behavior Available online at http://www.ifgdg.org Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 13(1): 34-48, February 2019 ISSN 1997-342X (Online), ISSN 1991-8631 (Print) Original Paper http://ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs http://indexmedicus.afro.who.int Spatial distribution and nesting behavior of the Black winged-stilt (Himantopus himantopus himantopus, Linnaeus 1758) in the urban wetland of Dakar Technopole (Senegal, West Africa) Aissatou Yvette DIALLO1, Papa Ibnou NDIAYE1* et Saliou NDIAYE2 1 Laboratoire de Biologie évolutive – Ecologie et gestion des écosystèmes, Département de Biologie animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal. 2 Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agriculture (ENSA), Université de Thiès, Sénégal. *Corresponding author; E-mail: [email protected] / Phone: (+221) 778142834 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors thank the Birdlife International who supported the study through a scholarship to AYD, used to carry out the fieldwork. ABSTRACT Wetlands are important areas in the conservation of biodiversity and play a key role in the ecosystems regulation. Thus, considering that climate change effects combined with anthropogenic pressures on natural resources are causing loss of biodiversity in Sahelian countries such as Senegal, we need to do regular stock assessments. For this, we aimed at studying the Black winged-stilt (Himantopus himantopus himantopus) in the urban wetland of Technopôle in the Niayes of Dakar (capital of the republic of Senegal). Our study is focused on the spatial distribution and nesting of the Black winged-stilt (Himantopus himantopus himantopus) in Technopole, which is classified in the list of Important Bird Areas (IBAs) by Birlife International since 2001 under A4i criteria and is an important biodiversity hotspot. The Niayes of Dakar constitute a particular ecosystem of wetland, they play a determining role in the reproduction and the survival of manies birds’ species. The nesting study was conducted from May to August 2012 and from May to August 2017. The maximum numbers of Black winged-stilt count during these periods are 531 individuals for 2012 and 766 individuals for 2017. However we highlight a decrease of the number of Black winged-stilt in the Technopole after the onset of the rains. Breeding data (25 nests in 2012 and 79 in 2017) show that this urban wetland is a preferred nesting site for Black winged-stilt. We report for the first time in this paper, so many Black winged- stilt nests in Senegal. Despite the disturbances related to anthropogenic factors, the breeding success of the Black winged-stilt reached 89.6% in May 2017. Thus, we believe that a strengthening of a conservation action plan of this site is urgent for a better preservation of the biodiversity, particularly the avian resources. © 2019 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved Keywords: Breeding, conservation, Himantopus himantopus, Niayes, water bird INTRODUCTION marvel of nature and a vital global resource Water birds, most often migratory, fly for animal biodiversity. In the Important bird very long distances during their annual and biodiversity areas (IBAs) of the Niayes of migration cycles and follow "migration Dakar. The few existing scientific studies routes" linking their breeding sites to other have reported a significant presence of birds areas important for their survival. They are a during a party of the year (Diallo, 2012; Diop, © 2019 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. 8027-IJBCS DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v13i1.4 A. Y. DIALLO et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 13(1): 34-48, 2019 2012; Dione, 2014; Gadiaga, 2014). Breeding after four weeks after birth and become of Himantopus himantopus himantopus in independent two to four weeks later (Rihane, Technopôle were reported for the first time by 2007; Adamou et al., 2009; Birdlife Diallo (2012). However, presence of H. h. International, 2016). The main objective of himantopus in Senegal precisely in Saloum this study is to confirm the presence of Black Delta National Park (PNDS) were reported in winged-stilt in the Niayes of Pikine and first by Morel, they are more than 20 years. H. provide the first scientific data on its h. himantopus lives mainly near freshwater reproduction in this site. and salt marshes, in saltlick, shallow lakes, coastal lagoons, flooded fields and rice MATERIALS AND METHODS paddies. In this paper, we contribute to the Location of the study area production of data about this species in The Niayes system stretches along the Senegal, particularly in the urban wetland of main Senegalese coast to the heart of the Cape Technopôle (in Dakar, the capital of Senegal). Verde peninsula. The Niayes consist of inter- These data are about the distribution and dune depressions where the touch of the water reproduction of the Black winged-stilt, H. h. table is conducive to the development of a himantopus. According to Birdlife Guinean-type climate. It is a market garden, International (2016), H. himantopus is arboreal and poultry area of the first plan that represented by four subspecies: H. h. supplies the agglomerations of Dakar and himantopus, H. h. knudseni, H. h. melanurus surrounding areas. In the Dakar region, many and H. h. leucocephalus. The subspecies H. h. of the areas formerly occupied by the Niayes himantopus is made up of six groups that are (Figure 1a) have now disappeared because of the following: the strong demographic pressure. The - Group 1: himantopus, West and breeding data of Himantopus himantopus South-West Europe, West Africa presented in this document come from the - Group 2: himantopus, Central and urban wetland named Technopole East Europe, East Mediterranean (geographical coordinates 14° 45' 16.69'' N - Group 3: himantopus, South-West and 17° 24' 48.41'' W; Figure 1 b), which is Asia part of the Niayes of Dakar (the Niayes of - Group 4: himantopus, Sub-Saharan Pikine or Technopole, the catchment area, the Africa Mbeubeuss lake, the Retba lake, the - Group 5 : himantopus, Meridionalis Mbaouane lake and the Pink Lake or Tanma - Group 6 : himantopus, madagascar. lake). Technopole superficie is about 200 Only groups 1 and 4 concern Senegal. hectares. It is bordered to the north by the Group 1 is estimated between 71,000 and Golf-Nord district of Guediawaye, to the 82,000 individuals and group 4 is estimated south by the highway, to the east by the Pikine between 100,000 and 200,000 individuals. agglomeration and to the west by Camberene. The world population is estimated between The Technopole project on the Niayes 450,000 to 780,000 individuals. The species site was authorized by the Senegalese State by breeds generally in shallow freshwaters and Law No. 96-36 of December 31st, 1996. The brackish wetlands with substrates of sand, aim was to host research and teaching centers mud or clay and open margins, islets or spits as well as companies developing from the nearby water level. The nesting technological innovation. Thus, a protective period is between April and June. Female lays wall had been erected on the side of the four olive-green eggs stained with gray and highway. black. The incubation is biparental and lasts 22 to 26 days. At birth, the chicks are covered Physical aspect and biological resource of with dark down, with gray spots or blackish the study area brown. The lower parts are white. This The Niayes of Pikine belong to the juvenile plumage is preserved until the ninth sub-Canarian microclimate. Its climate is month. The chicks are nesting and leave the influenced by the maritime trade winds which nest to hide in the surrounding vegetation. are present all the year. These trade winds They are fed by both parents. They fly away mitigate seasonal thermal contrasts and soften 35 A. Y. DIALLO et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 13(1): 34-48, 2019 temperatures (Touré, 2004). Annual rainfall is indicated in the Figure 2. Thus we made a generally between 300 and 500 mm and their systematic count of all the Black Winged-stilts average reaches 469 mm. Maxims are between 07:00 hr and 12:00 hr in each zone. recorded in August. The very short rainy This allowed us to locate the geographical season usually lasts three to four months. distribution of Black Winged-stilts in the Annual temperatures vary between 24.5 °C. Technopôle. Data on the geographical The warmest month of the year is October, distribution of Black Winged-stilts were with an average temperature of 28.1 °C and analyzed using ArcGIS 10.3 and R-3.3.3 February is the coldest month with an average software. temperature of 21.7 °C (Ndiaye et al., 2012). Vegetation is dominated by a typical Guinean Nesting behavior species, Elaeis guineensis, which marks the We identified the nests of Black contact zone between the bottom of the dune Winged-stilt simultaneously to the study of system and the depression. We also note the the spatial distribution of these birds. The presence of Cocos nucifera and a large main objective of the protocol was to monitor herbaceous layer conditioned by the the reproduction of the Black winged-stilt topography of the environment (Touré, 2004). population in the Niayes of Pikine, thus These Niayes interdunal depressions making it possible to specify the life cycle of are home to species with subguineous affinity the species (laying dates, number of eggs laid, (10%) such as Detarium senegalense, Kigelia dates of hatching and incubation time). Thus, africana, Antiaris africana, Malacantha we carried out a regular check of the nests and aulnifolia, and Sudanian (12%) Parkia their states of evolution. The parameters of biglobosa, Prosopis africana. whether or not the nest is occupied by the In this vegetation cover lives a very male or the female as well as the stage of diverse fauna, consisting of reptiles and soil reproduction (during laying or incubation) are organisms (protozoa, nematodes, rotifers, recorded.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Studies of the Foods and Feeding Ecology of Wading Birds
    STUDIES OF THE FOODS AND FEEDING ECOLOGY OF WADING BIRDS Thesis submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the Council for National Academic Awards .. by Malcolm E. Greenhalgh, B. A. Department of Biology Liverpool Polytechnic October 1975 s ABSTRACT In this thesis are described the populations of waders (Aves: Charadrii) occurring on the Ribble Estuary, Lancashire, special reference being made to the eleven species comprising the bulk of the shore wader population. The daily routine of these birds is described including the time spent in feeding. The feeding areas are described together with the foods taken from gut and pellet analysis and direct observation. The distributions of invertebrates, and especially those of major importance as wader food, are described as well as the factors affecting these distributions. Variations in density of prey in relation to O. D., general geography of the estuary, and time of year are included. Depth distribution and variations in prey size are outlined for the main species. Food intake was studied in the eight main waders. Daily intake through the year is described. in relation to energy requirements. Variations of feeding rates with several factors are included. All data are combined to enable calculation of the total biomasses of the main prey taken by waders in the course of a year. These are compared with total minimum annual production of the prey. Future work, including a computer study based on these and extra data, is outlined. Frontispiece a. The author counting a flock of 45,000 Knot 25 August, 1972 b.
    [Show full text]
  • Growth Patterns of Hawaiian Stilt Chicks
    Wilson Bull., 11 l(4), 1999, pp. 478487 GROWTH PATTERNS OF HAWAIIAN STILT CHICKS J. MICHAEL REED,,2,8‘ ELIZABETH M. GRAY,334 DIANNE LEWIS3 LEWIS W. ORING,3 RICHARD COLEMAN,5 TIMOTHY BURR,6 AND PETER LUSCOMB7 ABSTRACT-We studied chick growth and plumage patterns in the endangered Hawaiian Stilt (Himantopus mexicanus knudseni). Body mass of captive chicks closely fit a Gompertz growth curve, revealing a growth coefficient (K) of 0.065 day- ’ and point of inflection (T) of 17 days. When chicks fledged about 28 days after hatching, they weighed only 60% of adult body mass; at 42 d, birds still were only 75% of adult mass; culmen, tarsus, and wing chord at fledging also were less than adult size. This trend of continued growth to adult size after fledging is typical for most shorebirds. After hatching, captive chicks grew more rapidly than wild chicks, probably because of an unlimited food supply. We found no evidence for adverse effects of weather on the growth of wild chicks. As with other shorebirds, the tarsus started relatively long, with culmen and then wing chord growing more rapidly in later development. Tarsal and wing chord growth were sigmoidal, whereas culmen growth was linear. We describe plumage characteristics of weekly age classes of chicks to help researchers age birds in the wild. Received 28 Dec. 1998, accepted 20 April 1999. Avian growth patterns have been studied (Himantopus mexicanus knudseni), a precocial primarily because of their relationships to the bird that is an endangered subspecies of the ecology and evolutionary history of different Black-necked Stilt.
    [Show full text]
  • <I>Actitis Hypoleucos</I>
    Partial primary moult in first-spring/summer Common Sandpipers Actitis hypoleucos M. NICOLL 1 & P. KEMP 2 •c/o DundeeMuseum, Dundee, Tayside, UK 243 LochinverCrescent, Dundee, Tayside, UK Citation: Nicoll, M. & Kemp, P. 1983. Partial primary moult in first-spring/summer Common Sandpipers Actitis hypoleucos. Wader Study Group Bull. 37: 37-38. This note is intended to draw the attention of wader catch- and the old inner feathersare often retained (Pearson 1974). ers to the needfor carefulexamination of the primariesof Similarly, in Zimbabwe, first-year Common Sandpipers CommonSandpipers Actiris hypoleucos,and other waders, replacethe outerfive to sevenprimaries between December for partial primarywing moult. This is thoughtto be a diag- andApril (Tree 1974). It thusseems normal for first-spring/ nosticfeature of wadersin their first spring and summer summerCommon Sandpipers wintering in eastand southern (Tree 1974). Africa to show a contrast between new outer and old inner While membersof the Tay Ringing Group were mist- primaries.There is no informationfor birdswintering further nettingin Angus,Scotland, during early May 1980,a Com- north.However, there may be differencesin moult strategy mon Sandpiperdied accidentally.This bird was examined betweenwintering areas,since 3 of 23 juvenile Common and measured, noted as an adult, and then stored frozen un- Sandpiperscaught during autumn in Morocco had well- til it was skinned,'sexed', andthe gut contentsremoved for advancedprimary moult (Pienkowski et al. 1976). These analysis.Only duringskinning did we noticethat the outer birdswere moultingnormally, and so may have completed primarieswere fresh and unworn in comparisonto the faded a full primary moult during their first winter (M.W. Pien- and abradedinner primaries.The moult on both wingswas kowski, pers.comm.).
    [Show full text]
  • Migration Route for Greater and Lesser Sand Plovers Spending the Non-Breeding Season in Kenya
    Biodiversity Observations http://bo.adu.org.za An electronic journal published by the Animal Demography Unit at the University of Cape Town The scope of Biodiversity Observations consists of papers describing observations about biodiversity in general, including animals, plants, algae and fungi. This includes observations of behaviour, breeding and flowering patterns, distributions and range extensions, foraging, food, movement, measurements, habitat and colouration/plumage variations. Biotic interactions such as pollination, fruit dispersal, herbivory and predation fall within the scope, as well as the use of indigenous and exotic species by humans. Observations of naturalised plants and animals will also be considered. Biodiversity Observations will also publish a variety of other interesting or relevant biodiversity material: reports of projects and conferences, annotated checklists for a site or region, specialist bibliographies, book reviews and any other appropriate material. Further details and guidelines to authors are on this website. Lead Editor: Arnold van der Westhuizen – Paper Editor: Les G Underhill CLUES TOWARDS THE MIGRATION ROUTE FOR GREATER AND LESSER SAND PLOVERS SPENDING THE NON-BREEDING SEASON IN KENYA Colin H.W. Jackson Recommended citation format: Jackson CHW 2016. Clues towards the migration route for Greater and Lesser Sand Plovers spending the non-breeding season in Kenya. Biodiversity Observations 7.36: 1–8. URL: http://bo.adu.org.za/content.php?id=229 Published online: 5 July 2016 – ISSN 2219-0341 – Biodiversity Observations 7.36: 1–8 1 MIGRATION breeds in north-western China (Hirschfield et al. 2000, Delany et al. 2009). CLUES TOWARDS THE MIGRATION ROUTE FOR In both species the adults return to their breeding grounds annually.
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping Farmland Wader Distributions and Population Change to Identify Wader Priority Areas for Conservation and Management Action
    Mapping farmland wader distributions and population change to identify wader priority areas for conservation and management action Scott Newey1*, Debbie Fielding1, and Mark Wilson2 1. The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH 2. The British Trust for Ornithology Scotland, Stirling, FK9 4NF * [email protected] Introduction Many birds have declined across Scotland and the UK as a whole (Balmer et al. 2013, Eaton et al. 2015, Foster et al. 2013, Harris et al. 2017). These include five species of farmland wader; oystercatcher, lapwing, curlew, redshank and snipe. All of these have all been listed as either red or amber species on the UK list of birds of conservation concern (Harris et al. 2017, Eaton et al. 2015). Between 1995 and 2016 both lapwing and curlew declined by more than 40% in the UK (Harris et al. 2017). The UK harbours an estimated 19-27% of the curlew’s global breeding population, and the curlew is arguably the most pressing bird conservation challenge in the UK (Brown et al. 2015). However, the causes of wader declines likely include habitat loss, alteration and homogenisation (associated strongly with agricultural intensification), and predation by generalist predators (Brown et al. 2015, van der Wal & Palmer 2008, Ainsworth et al. 2016). There has been a concerted effort to reverse wader declines through habitat management, wader sensitive farming practices and predator control, all of which are likely to benefit waders at the local scale. However, the extent and severity of wader population declines means that large scale, landscape level, collaborative actions are needed if these trends are to be halted or reversed across much of these species’ current (and former) ranges.
    [Show full text]
  • Download PDF Version
    Establishing The Link: The ROK & USA Alaskan Bar-tailed Godwit, Geum Estuary, ROK, April 2006, Jan van de Kam / Birds Korea Nial Moores, Birds Korea, November 19th 2012 An introduction prepared for the US Embassy, Seoul, and USA-based conservation organisations Number of Shared Species l 149+ species out of total 189 listed in USA-Japan migratory bird protection convention * (1972) recorded in the Republic of Korea (ROK) l 119 of these 149 are regularly-occurring in the ROK l Probably ~19 species actually migrate regularly between ROK and Alaska l These 19 species provide the best focus for discussion and future collaborative conservation work * CONVENTION BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF JAPAN AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FOR THE PROTECTION OF MIGRATORY BIRDS AND BIRDS IN DANGER OF EXTINCTION, AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT (1972) East Asian-Australasian Flyway: Bird Migration Linking Nations Alaska: supports breeding loons, ducks and shorebirds Heart of the Flyway: the Yellow Sea. Yellow Sea Supports staging shorebirds during migration and wintering loons and Dunlin Australia and New Zealand: during boreal winter support many shorebird species Figure used by Birds Korea with permission; from van de Kam et al. (2008) USA-ROK Shared Bird Species Some freshwater ducks –however, majority of c.19 main shared migratory bird species are Seabirds and Shorebirds In ROK ecologically dependent on: 1.Inshore and Marine waters 2.Intertidal wetlands Inshore and Marine Species GInavciildaeude and Alcidae -species include: Red-throated Loon Gavia stellata YRelledow-btillhedroa Loonted G avLoonia ada mGsaii via Stellata Yellow-billed Loon Gavia adamsii Yellow-billed Loon, Gangwon, T.
    [Show full text]
  • Infection, Genetics and Evolution 53 (2017) 135–145
    Infection, Genetics and Evolution 53 (2017) 135–145 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Infection, Genetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/meegid Research paper Purifying selection and concerted evolution of RNA-sensing toll-like receptors in migratory waders Nynke Raven a, Simeon Lisovski a, Marcel Klaassen a,NathanLob,ThomasMadsena, Simon Y.W. Ho b, Beata Ujvari a,⁎ a Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia b School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia article info abstract Article history: Migratory birds encounter a broad range of pathogens during their journeys, making them ideal models for study- Received 10 December 2016 ingimmunegeneevolution.Despitethepotentialvalueof these species to immunoecology and disease epidemi- Received in revised form 15 May 2017 ology, previous studies have typically focused on their adaptive immune gene repertoires. In this study, we Accepted 17 May 2017 examined the evolution of innate immune genes in three long-distance migratory waders (order Charadriiformes). Available online 18 May 2017 We analysed two parts of the extracellular domains of two Toll-like receptors (TLR3 and TLR7) involved in virus recognition in the Sanderling (Calidris alba), Red-necked Stint (Calidris ruficollis), and Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria Keywords: Migratory birds interpres). Our analysis was extended to 50 avian species for which whole-genome sequences were available, in- Toll-like receptor cluding two additional waders. We found that the inferred relationships among avian TLR3 and TLR7 do not match Concerted evolution the whole-genome phylogeny of birds. Further analyses showed that although both loci are predominantly under Avian influenza virus purifying selection, the evolution of the extracellular domain of avian TLR3 has also been driven by episodic diver- Purifying selection sifying selection.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Advice Charadrius Mongolus Lesser Sand Plover
    THREATENED SPECIES SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Established under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 The Minister approved this conservation advice and included this species in the Endangered category, effective from 5 May 2016 Conservation Advice Charadrius mongolus Lesser sand plover Taxonomy Conventionally accepted as Charadrius mongolus Pallas, 1776. Charadriidae. Other common names include Mongolian plover, dotterel, sand-plover or sand-dotterel; lesser dotterel or sand-dotterel; short-nosed sand plover (Marchant & Higgins 1993). Two subspecies occur in Australia, Charadrius mongolus mongolus lesser sand plover (Mongolian) and C. m. stegmanni lesser sand plover (Kamchatkan). Taxonomic uniqueness: medium (11 genera/family, 35 species/genus, 5 subspecies/species; Garnett et al., 2011). Summary of assessment Conservation status Endangered: Criterion 1 A2 (a) The highest category for which Charadrius mongolus is eligible to be listed is Endangered. Charadrius mongolus has been found to be eligible for listing under the following listing categories: Criterion 1: A2 (a): Endangered Criterion 2: Not eligible Criterion 3: Not eligible Criterion 4: Not eligible Criterion 5: Not eligible Species can be listed as threatened under state and territory legislation. For information on the listing status of this species under relevant state or territory legislation, see http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl Reason for conservation assessment by the Threatened Species Scientific Committee This advice follows assessment of new information provided to the Committee to list Charadrius mongolus. Public Consultation Notice of the proposed amendment and a consultation document was made available for public comment for 47 business days between 1 October and 4 December 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • A WADER MIGRATION at TLELL, QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS, BRITISH COLUMBIA with THREE ILLUSTRATIONS by J
    230 Vol. XXXVIII A WADER MIGRATION AT TLELL, QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS, BRITISH COLUMBIA WITH THREE ILLUSTRATIONS By J. A. MUNRO While at Tlell, on the east coast of Graham Island, during the period April 29 to May 30, 1935, I had an opportunity to conduct daily observations on a wader migration. The flight probably had been under way for some days prior to my arrival, and it reached the peak shortly afterward. It terminated so far as most species were concerned on May 11, after which only Sanderlings (Crocettiu a&z) were abundant. The chief feeding ground for waders was an expanse of boulder-strewn sea- bottom interspersed with areas of clear sand or of shingle, part of which was always available except at extreme high tide when the reef was completely submerged. Some of these boulders were encrusted with barnacles, others with gastropods, chiefly Littorina scutzdata. Limpets clung to their sides and the spaces between harbored various other species of molluscs. The overturning of a stone usually dis- lodged little crabs, isopods or other small animals, and a high-water mark deposit of drifted eel-grass held still others including amphipods in abundance-in short, it was a rich feeding ground not only for waders but also for gulls, bald eagles, crows and ravens. Here on the evening of April 29, with all save several small parts of the reef covered by the rising tide, a large company of waders, chiefly Black Turnstones (Arena& mdunocepkah) , but including also Aleutian Sandpipers (Arquatella ptilocds cmesi), Western Sandpipers (Ereunetes mawi), Sanderlings, Dowitchers (Limnodrom&cs griseus) and Red-backed Sandpipers (Pelidnu dpina sakkuhz) was assembled.
    [Show full text]
  • British Birds |
    VOL. LU JULY No. 7 1959 BRITISH BIRDS WADER MIGRATION IN NORTH AMERICA AND ITS RELATION TO TRANSATLANTIC CROSSINGS By I. C. T. NISBET IT IS NOW generally accepted that the American waders which occur each autumn in western Europe have crossed the Atlantic unaided, in many (if not most) cases without stopping on the way. Yet we are far from being able to answer all the questions which are posed by these remarkable long-distance flights. Why, for example, do some species cross the Atlantic much more frequently than others? Why are a few birds recorded each year, and not many more, or many less? What factors determine the dates on which they cross? Why are most of the occurrences in the autumn? Why, despite the great advantage given to them by the prevail­ ing winds, are American waders only a little more numerous in Europe than European waders in North America? To dismiss the birds as "accidental vagrants", or to relate their occurrence to weather patterns, as have been attempted in the past, may answer some of these questions, but render the others still more acute. One fruitful approach to these problems is to compare the frequency of the various species in Europe with their abundance, migratory behaviour and ecology in North America. If the likelihood of occurrence in Europe should prove to be correlated with some particular type of migration pattern in North America this would offer an important clue as to the causes of trans­ atlantic vagrancy. In this paper some aspects of wader migration in North America will be discussed from this viewpoint.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigating Wader Breeding Productivity in the East Cairngorms Moorland Partnership Area Using Collaborative Methods
    BTO RESEARCH REPORT 715 Investigating wader breeding productivity in the East Cairngorms Moorland Partnership Area using collaborative methods David Jarrett, John Calladine, Jos Milner, Chris Wernham & Mark Wilson ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This work was funded by the Cairngorms National Park Authority. We are grateful for the efforts of staff at the following estates who carried out fieldwork for the project: Balmoral Estate, Glenavon Estate, Glenlivet Estate, Invercauld Estate, Mar Estate, Mar Lodge Estate and Rhiedorrach Estate. Members of the Tomintoul and Glenlivet Wildlife Group also contributed to fieldwork and data collation. Investigating wader breeding productivity in the East Cairngorms Moorland Partnership Area using collaborative methods A report to the East Cairngorms Moorland Partnership David Jarrett¹, John Calladine¹, Jos Milner², Chris Wernham¹ & Mark Wilson¹ BTO Research Report 715 1BTO Scotland, University of Stirling Innovation Park, Stirling, FK9 4NF 2East Cairngorms Moorland Partnership, Cairngorms National Park Authority, Albert Memorial Hall, Station Square, Ballater, AB35 5QB © British Trust for Ornithology 2019 BTO Scotland, University of Stirling Innovation Park, Stirling, FK9 4NF BTO, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU Tel: +44 (0)1842 750050 Email: [email protected] Registered Charity Number 216652 (England & Wales), SC039193 (Scotland). ISBN 978–1–912642–01–4 Executive summary ......................................................................................................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • Order CHARADRIIFORMES: Waders, Gulls and Terns Family
    Text extracted from Gill B.J.; Bell, B.D.; Chambers, G.K.; Medway, D.G.; Palma, R.L.; Scofield, R.P.; Tennyson, A.J.D.; Worthy, T.H. 2010. Checklist of the birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica. 4th edition. Wellington, Te Papa Press and Ornithological Society of New Zealand. Pages 191 & 211-212. Order CHARADRIIFORMES: Waders, Gulls and Terns The family sequence of Christidis & Boles (1994), who adopted that of Sibley et al. (1988) and Sibley & Monroe (1990), is followed here. Family RECURVIROSTRIDAE Bonaparte: Stilts and Avocets Subfamily RECURVIROSTRINAE Bonaparte: Stilts and Avocets Recurvirostrinae Bonaparte, 1831: Saggio dist. Metodica Anim. Vert.: 59 – Type genus Recurvirostra Linnaeus, 1758. Genus Himantopus Brisson Himantopus Brisson, 1760: Ornithologie 1: 46, 5: 33 – Type species (by tautonymy) Charadrius himantopus Linnaeus = Himantopus himantopus (Linnaeus). Hypsibates Nitzsch, 1827: in Ersch & Gruber, Allgem. Ency. Wiss. Künste 16: 150 – Type species (by monotypy) Charadrius himantopus Linnaeus = Himantopus himantopus (Linnaeus). Himantopus himantopus (Linnaeus) Pied Stilt Charadrius Himantopus Linnaeus, 1758: Syst. Nat., 10th edition 1: 151 – southern Europe. Almost cosmopolitan, five subspecies recognised. Himantopus himantopus leucocephalus Gould Pied Stilt Himantopus leucocephalus Gould, 1837: Synop. Birds Australia 2: pl. 34 (fide McAllan 2004, Notornis 51: 127) – New South Wales, Australia. Himantopus albus Ellman, 1861: Zoologist 19: 7470 – New Zealand. Himantopus picatus Ellman, 1861: Zoologist 19: 7470 – New Zealand. Himantopus albicollis Buller, 1875: Trans. Proc. N.Z. Inst. 7: 224 – Orari, Canterbury. Junior primary homonym of Himantopus albicollis Vieillot, 1817. Himantopus seebohmi picata Ellman; Hartert 1891, Kat. Vogel. Mus. Senckenb. Natur. Gesell. Frankfurt Main: 220.
    [Show full text]