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Aquatic Pesticide Application Plan for the San Francisco Estuary Invasive Spartina Project

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Aquatic Pesticide Application Plan for the San Francisco Estuary Invasive Spartina Project Aquatic Pesticide Application Plan for the San Francisco Estuary Invasive Spartina Project This plan addresses herbicide application activities undertaken by ISP Partner agencies in the effort to eradicate non-native, invasive Spartina from the San Francisco Estuary. Annual update prepared by Drew Kerr 2612-A 8th Street Berkeley, CA 94710 [email protected] for the State Coastal Conservancy 1330 Broadway, 13th floor Oakland, Ca 94612-2530 August 2010 Current funding for the San Francisco Estuary Invasive Spartina Project comes from the California State Coastal Conservancy and grants from the U.S. Environmental Protec- tion Agency, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the U.S. Miner- als Management Service. Previous major funders include the CALFED Bay-Delta Pro- gram, the California Wildlife Conservation Board, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. Table of Contents 1. BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................ 1 2. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE AND NEED................................................................ 1 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE WATER BODY SYSTEM................................................. 2 Ecology................................................................................................................................... 2 Natural Processes Affecting Water Quality............................................................................ 3 Water Quality.......................................................................................................................... 4 Sediment Quality .................................................................................................................... 7 4. DESCRIPTION OF TARGET SPECIES.................................................................... 9 Native Pacific Cordgrass (Spartina foliosa)............................................................................ 9 Atlantic Smooth Cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) and its Hybrids...................................... 10 English Cordgrass (Spartina anglica) ................................................................................... 13 Chilean Cordgrass (Spartina densiflora)............................................................................... 13 Salt-Meadow Cordgrass (Spartina patens) ........................................................................... 14 5. CONTROL TOLERANCES ..................................................................................... 15 6. DESCRIPTION OF HERBICIDE............................................................................. 15 Environmental Fate of Herbicides ........................................................................................ 20 Potential Biological and Ecological Effects ......................................................................... 25 Non-Target Aquatic Plants and Algae.............................................................................. 27 Aquatic and Benthic Invertebrates ................................................................................... 28 Fish................................................................................................................................... 30 Birds ................................................................................................................................. 31 Mammals.......................................................................................................................... 31 7. DESCRIPTION OF ALTERNATE, NON-CHEMICAL CONTROL METHODS.. 32 ISP-selected Non-chemical Control Methods....................................................................... 33 Hand-pulling and manual excavation............................................................................... 33 Mechanical excavation and dredging ............................................................................... 33 Covering/blanketing ......................................................................................................... 34 Other Non-chemical Methods Evaluated.............................................................................. 35 Mowing, burning, pruning, and flaming .......................................................................... 35 Crushing and mechanical smothering .............................................................................. 36 Flooding and draining ...................................................................................................... 36 8. HERBICIDE APPLICATION AREAS FOR 2008-2010.......................................... 37 Site 01 – Alameda Flood Control Channel, Alameda County.............................................. 37 Site 02 – Bair & Greco Island Complex, San Mateo County ............................................... 39 Site 03 – Blackie’s Pasture, Marin County........................................................................... 39 Site 04 – Corte Madera Creek Complex, Marin County ...................................................... 40 Site 05 – Coyote Creek & Mowry Slough Area, Santa Clara County.................................. 40 Site 06 – Emeryville Crescent, Alameda County ................................................................. 41 Site 07 – Oro Loma Marsh, Alameda County ...................................................................... 41 Site 08 – Palo Alto Baylands, Santa Clara County............................................................... 42 Site 09 – Tiscornia Marsh (formerly Pickleweed Park), Marin County ............................... 42 Site 10 – Point Pinole Regional Shoreline, Contra Costa County ........................................ 43 Site 11 – Southampton Marsh, Solano County..................................................................... 43 Site 12 – Southeast San Francisco, San Francisco County................................................... 44 Site 13 – Whale’s Tail / Old Alameda Creek Complex, Alameda County........................... 44 Site 15 – South San Francisco Bay Marshes, Santa Clara County ....................................... 45 Site 16 – Cooley Landing, San Mateo County ..................................................................... 46 San Francisco Estuary Invasive Spartina Project i. 2010 Aquatic Pesticide Application Plan Site 17 – Alameda Island / San Leandro Bay Complex, Alameda County .......................... 46 Site 18 – Colma Creek / San Bruno Marsh Complex, San Mateo County ........................... 47 Site 19 – West San Francisco Bay, San Mateo County ........................................................ 48 Site 20 – San Leandro / Hayward Shoreline Complex, Alameda County ............................ 49 Site 21 – Ideal Marsh, Alameda County............................................................................... 49 Site 22 – Two Points Complex, Alameda County ................................................................ 50 Site 23 – Marin Outliers, Marin County............................................................................... 50 Site 24 – Petaluma River, Sonoma County........................................................................... 51 Site 26 – North San Pablo Bay, Solano County ................................................................... 52 9. WATER QUALITY MONITORING PLAN ............................................................ 52 Objective............................................................................................................................... 52 Monitoring Site Selection ..................................................................................................... 52 Sampling Design................................................................................................................... 53 Field Sampling Procedures............................................................................................... 53 Equipment Calibration ................................................................................................. 54 Field Data Sheets ......................................................................................................... 55 Sample Shipment ......................................................................................................... 55 Field Variances ............................................................................................................ 55 Sample Analysis............................................................................................................... 55 Assessment of Field Contamination............................................................................. 56 Lab QC & Data Quality Indicators .............................................................................. 56 Monitoring Site Descriptions................................................................................................ 56 10. APPLICABLE WATER QUALITY BMPS ........................................................... 61 11. REFERENCES........................................................................................................ 63 List of Figures Figure 1: Locations and mean discharges for municipal wastewater treatment plants in South San Francisco Bay.....................................................................4 Figure 2: Conceptual Model of Possible Exposure of Biological Organisms to Herbicide Mixture Used by the Spartina Control Program.............................26
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