Economics of Fisheries in Jammu and Kashmir: a Case Study of District Anantnag”
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“ECONOMICS OF FISHERIES IN JAMMU AND KASHMIR: A CASE STUDY OF DISTRICT ANANTNAG” DISSERTATION Submitted to the University of Kashmir in Partial Fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY (M.PHIL) IN ECONOMICS BY MOHAMMAD YASEEN WAGAY Under the Supervision of Dr. EFFAT YASMEEN Associate Professor P.G.DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY OF KASHMIR, SRINAGAR JAMMU AND KASHMIR, INDIA March 2012 DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS Faculty of Social Science University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006 No. ………………..,……... Dated: ………………………… Certificate This is to certify that the dissertation entitled “Economics of Fisheries in Jammu and Kashmir: A Case Study of District Anantnag” being submitted to the Department of Economics, University of Kashmir for the award of Degree of Master of Philosophy in Economics is a research work done by Mohammad Yaseen Wagay under my supervision. To the best of my knowledge and belief, no part of this work has been submitted to this or any other University for award of M.Phil degree or any other degree. Dr. Effat Yasmin (Supervisor) Associate Professor Department of Economics University of Kashmir. Prof. G. M. Bhat Head Department of Economics University of Kashmir ACKNOWLEDGEMENT All thanks to almighty Allah, the most beneficent and merciful, who gave me courage to complete this work. Here I feel bound to mention the role of various personalities who have contributed to the completion of this work. First of all I would like to express my sincere feelings and gratitude to my supervisor and mentor, Dr Effat Yasmin (Senior Associate Prof) University of Kashmir, without whose able guidance, suggestions and affectionate encouragement I would have wandered aimlessly in an endless labyrinth. I feel highly obliged to Prof. G.M. Bhat Head of the Department for valuable suggestions and encouragement throughout the course of this study. Thanks are due to Prof. A. S. Bhat (presently Controller Examinations), Dr. Imtiyaz-ul-Haq, Mr. Sarfaraz Eqbal, Mr. Javid Iqbal Khan and all contractual lecturers of the department, who provided me with the broad framework and general guidance within which I carried out my work and for valuable help they have rendered to me. I can’t forget the invaluable help which the non-teaching staff members, particularly our librarian, Gulshan ji, Section Officer Shabir Sidiqie, Jamshida Ji Nasreena Ji , Mr. Shabir Ah. and Mr. Mohd. Yaqoob of this Department and the library staff of the Allama Iqbal Library for providing me the literature I needed from time to time. I am also thankful to my friends and dear ones; Mr. Aasif Hussain Nengroo, Mr. Arshad Hussain Bhat, Mr. Nissar Ahmad Mandloo, Mr. Fayaz Ahmad Bhat, Mr. Ab. Hamid Mir, Mr. Parvaze Ahmad Pala, Mr. Tawseef Muneer and my roommates Mr. Mushtaq Ahmad and Nawshad Ahmad Rather for their cooperation and i support. I am also thankful to my friends Mr. Shabir Ahmad Rather and Mr. Manzoor Ahmad Wani who accompanied me during the field survey. I am ever beholden to my family members and I wish to express my sincere thanks to my parents, who have always been a source of inspiration and encouragement to me from the very inception my carrier. Their encouragement and good wishes have played a major role in the completion of this work. I again thank them for providing me material support throughout the course of my study. I would be failing in my duty if I did not acknowledge the support of my father Mr. Gulam Hassan Wagay and my sister’s Ms. Shaheena Akhter and Jozya Akhter for the Immense help at the various stages of the study which they always rendered to me. It will be doing injustice to my younger sister Ms. Sheema Jan if I don’t mention her role which she played by performing each and every domestic work and leaving me free from these pursuits. I also thank everyone who has helped me either directly or indirectly in completion of this study. Last, I thank all the respondents without whose cooperation the present study would not have been a possibility. Mohammad Yaseen Wagay ii Contents Chapter. No Page No. Acknowledgement I List of Tables Iv List of Figures Vi Abbreviations Vii 1 INTRODUCTION 1-13 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 14-30 3 CONCEPS AND METHDOLOGY 31-57 4 AN OVER VIEW OF FISHERIES SECTOR 58-88 5 AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF CARP FISH 89-131 PONDS AND TROUT UNITS IN DISTRICT ANANTNAG. 6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 132-141 BIBLIOGRAPHY 142-148 APPENDICES 149-151 Appendix-I 149 Appendix-II 150 iii LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title Page No. 4.1 Plan wise production and export of fish and 60 fishery products from India 4.2 Major fish producing States of India 61 4.3 List of Fish Species from Wular and 73 Associated Wetlands as on 2007 4.4 Fish Caught (Specie wise) in J&K (Unit in 77 Quintals) 4.5 Fish Caught in J&K (growth rates) 79 4.6 Number of carp ponds and tout rearing 83 units constructed up to 2010-11 5.1 Block wise break up of carp fish ponds in 90 district Anantnag 5.2 Demographic profile of carp pond owners 91 5.3 Years of experience of pond owners 92 5.4 Type of varieties of fingerlings used 93 5.5 Classification of Carps Ponds 95 5.6 Category wise cost for pond construction 97 5.7 Category wise cost of fingerlings plus 98 transportation per kanal 5.8 Category wise cost of feed per kanal of land 99 5.9 Category wise human labour cost per kanal 100 5.10 Class and operation wise distribution of 101 human labour days per kanal 5.11 Employment generation through 103 introduction of Carp fish ponds in different years 5.12 Growth rate of employment generation 104 through introduction of Carp fish ponds 5.13 Category wise rental value per kanal of land 105 (in `) 5.14 Category wise other costs/kanal/ year for 106 Carp Ponds 5.15 Size of holdings and input costs per kanal 107 per year (in `) 5.16 Category wise cost per kanal (composition, 107 percentage) 5.17 Category wise production and yield from 109 different ponds 5.18 Fish production and growth rate in different 110 years 5.19 Table 5.19 Fish Harvest, Sales and Non 112 Sales per kanal 5.20 Table 5.20 Category wise Gross and Net 113 revenue and Benefit cost ratio per kanal for carp ponds iv 5.21 Cost of constructing raceways for different 115 farms Average life = 9 years. 5.22 Rental value per kanal for different trout 116 farms (in `) 5.23 Other costs per kanal for different trout 116 farms (in `) 5.24 Human labour cost per kanal for different 117 trout farms (in `) 5.25 Fingerling costs per kanal for different trout 118 farms (in `) 5.26 Feeding costs per kanal of land for different 118 trout farms 5.27 Total expenditure on different trout farms 119 per kanal of land 5.28 Composition of costs for different trout 120 farms 5.29 Production and Revenue from Trout fish 121 5.30 Gross and Net revenue and Benefit cost 122 ratio per kanal of trout raceways 5.31 Classification of paddy land 123 5.32 Size of holdings and input costs per kanal 124 per year for paddy in (` ) 5.33 Category wise production and yield for 125 paddy cultivation 5.34 Category wise Gross, Net revenue and 126 Benefit cost ratio per kanal for paddy. 5.35 Costs, returns and B/C Ratio of Carp and 127 Trout culture, and paddy cultivation. 5.36 Willingness and awareness revealed by 128 youth for of carp and trout culture. v List of Figures Figure No. Title of Figure Page No. 4.1 Fish Production in India 59 4.2 Comparison of fish production 78 between Jammu and Kashmir divisions 4.3 Revenue Achievements by J&K State 80 from Fisheries 4.4 Employment Generation by Fisheries 81 in J&K State 5.1 Type of varieties of Fish Fingerlings 93 used 5.2 Average initial cost of Carp Ponds per 97 kanal 5.3 Labour cost per kanal of Carp Ponds 101 5.4 Employment generation by carp fish 104 ponds in District Anantnag 5.5 Regression line between No. of Ponds 105 and Employment Generation 5.6 Composition of costs in Carp 108 Production 5.7 Regression line between No. of ponds 111 and production 5.8 Cost Composition of Trout Farms 120 vi ABBREVATIONS CFP Common Fishery Policy CPUE Catch Per Unit Effort DEA Data Envelopment Analysis FAO Food and Agricultural Organisation FFDA Fish Farmers Development Agency FGP Farm Gate Prices GDP Gross Domestic Product GSDP Gross State Domestic Product IATTC Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission ITQ Individual Transferable Quota IWC International Whaling Commission LAWDA Lakes and Waterways Development Authority MEI Maximum Economic Yield MSY Maximum Sustainable Yield NDSP New Deep Sea Fishing Policy NFPDB National Fish Processing Board NHPC National Hydel Power Cooperation NIAE National Institute of Aeronautical Engineering NSS National Sample Survey OECD Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development RFFDA Regional Fish Farmers Development Board RKVY Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojuna TFC Total Fixed Cost TFC Total Factor Productivity TPC Total Production Cost TVC Total Variable Cost UN United Nations UT Union Territory vii Chapter – 1 Introduction ishery is an important sector in most of the countries of the world from the Fviewpoint of income and employment generation. The experience in these countries indicates that the growth of the fishing sector stimulates the development and employment in related industries which contribute significantly to the total economic growth of these countries.