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Download Download OPEN ACCESS All arfcles publfshed fn the Journal of Threatened Taxa are regfstered under Creafve Commons Atrfbufon 4.0 Interna - fonal Lfcense unless otherwfse menfoned. JoTT allows unrestrfcted use of arfcles fn any medfum, reproducfon and dfstrfbufon by provfdfng adequate credft to the authors and the source of publfcafon. Journal of Threatened Taxa The fnternafonal journal of conservafon and taxonomy www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Onlfne) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Prfnt) Communfcatfon Indfgenous ornamental freshwater fchthyofauna of the Sundarban Bfosphere Reserve, Indfa: status and prospects Sandfpan Gupta, Sourabh Kumar Dubey, Raman Kumar Trfvedf, Bfmal Kfnkar Chand & Samfr Banerjee 26 August 2016 | Vol. 8 | No. 9 | Pp. 9144–9154 10.11609/jot.1888.8.9. 9144 -9154 For Focus, Scope, Afms, Polfcfes and Gufdelfnes vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/About_JoTT.asp For Arfcle Submfssfon Gufdelfnes vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/Submfssfon_Gufdelfnes.asp For Polfcfes agafnst Scfenffc Mfsconduct vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/JoTT_Polfcy_agafnst_Scfenffc_Mfsconduct.asp For reprfnts contact <[email protected]> Publfsher/Host Partner Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2016 | 8(9): 9144–9154 Indfgenous ornamental freshwater fchthyofauna of the Communfcatfon Sundarban Bfosphere Reserve, Indfa: status and prospects ISSN 0974-7907 (Onlfne) Sandfpan Gupta 1 , Sourabh Kumar Dubey 2 , Raman Kumar Trfvedf 3 , Bfmal Kfnkar Chand 4 & ISSN 0974-7893 (Prfnt) Samfr Banerjee 5 OPEN ACCESS 1,5 Aquaculture Research Unft, Department of Zoology, Unfversfty of Calcuta, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019, Indfa 2,3 Department of Aquafc Envfronment Management, Faculty of Ffshery Scfences, West Bengal Unfversfty of Anfmal & Ffshery Scfences, Kolkata, West Bengal 700094, Indfa 4 Dfrectorate of Research, Extensfon & Farms, West Bengal Unfversfty of Anfmal & Ffshery Scfences, Kolkata, West Bengal 700037, Indfa 4 Present address: Nafonal Ffsherfes Development Board, Hyderabad - 500 052, Indfa 1 [email protected] (correspondfng author), 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected], 4 [email protected], 5 [email protected] Abstract: Ornamental fshes are the most popular pet throughout the world and hfgh demand for these fshes has made them an fmportant component of the world fsh trade. Indfa contrfbutes a very meager percentage to the world ornamental fsh trade; but consfderfng the hfgh fchthyofaunal dfversfty ft has the potenfal to compete wfth the world’s leadfng ornamental fsh producers fn the near future. Sundarban Bfosphere Reserve has abundant waterbodfes wfth rfch fsh dfversfty. Although some research has been carrfed out on fchthyofaunal resources of the Sundarban; detafled documentafon on freshwater fndfgenous ornamental fchthyofaunal resources of thfs regfon fs sfll not avaflable. To fll thfs knowledge gap, the present study has been conducted to lfst the fndfgenous ornamental fchthyofaunal resources of the Sundarban Bfosphere Reserve along wfth thefr conservafon status and thefr prospecfve uflfzafon for fmproved lfvelfhood of local communffes. Efghty four specfes belongfng to 11 orders, 28 famflfes and 59 genera were collected from the study area wfth specfes represenfng the order Cyprfnfformes domfnafng the fchthyofauna. Nfne specfes have been lfsted as Near Threatened fn the IUCN Red Lfst of Threatened Specfes™. Indfgenous fsh specfes of the Sundarban havfng great potenfal to support domesfc as well as the fnternafonal ornamental fsh trade from Indfa fn near future. The ornamental fsh specfes would also be able to generate alternate lfvelfhood opfons for the fmpecunfous communffes of the Sundarban. However, serfous concern must also be pafd to the conservafon of these fsh specfes as some of them are under near threatened categorfes of IUCN Red lfst. Keywords: Conservafon, freshwater, fndfgenous, ornamental fsh, Indfan Sundarban, DOI : htp://dx.dof.org/10.11609/jot.1888.8.9. 9144 -9154 | ZooBank: urn:lsfd:zoobank.org:pub:0E188E64-2A3D-4744-937F-9A0E18BCAA22 Edftor: Rajeev Raghavan, Kerala Unfversfty of Ffsherfes and Ocean Studfes (KUFOS), Kochf, Indfa. Date of publfcafon: 26 August 2016 (onlfne & prfnt) Manuscrfpt detafls: Ms # 1888 | Recefved 24 March 2015 | Ffnal recefved 03 July 2016 | Ffnally accepted 31 July 2016 Cftafon: Gupta, S., S.K. Dubey, R.K. Trfvedf, B.K. Chand & S. Banerjee (2016). Indfgenous ornamental freshwater fchthyofauna of the Sundarban Bfosphere Reserve, Indfa: status and prospects . Journal of Threatened Taxa 8(9): 9144 –9154 ; htp://dx.dof.org/10.11609/jot.1888.8.9. 9144 -9154 Copyrfght: © Gupta et al. 2016 . Creafve Commons Atrfbufon 4.0 Internafonal Lfcense. JoTT allows unrestrfcted use of thfs arfcle fn any medfum, reproducfon and dfstrfbufon by provfdfng adequate credft to the authors and the source of publfcafon. Fundfng: Part of the feld study was supported by ICAR-NICRA project fmplemented at WBUAFS by the leadershfp of Prof. R. K. Trfvedf. Ffnancfal assfstance of Unfversfty Grants Commfssfon (UGC) fs also gratefully acknowledged. Conlfct of Interest: The authors declare no compefng fnterests. Author Detafls and Author Contrfbufon see end of thfs arfcle. Acknowledgements: SG and SB are thankful to the Head, Department of Zoology, Unfversfty of Calcuta for provfdfng the lab facflffes for the research work. The authors are grateful to Mr. J. Gayen and other farmers for helpfng fn feld survey. We are thankful to CBOs lfke Parfbesh Unnayan Parfshad, S. D. Marfne Bfologfcal Research Insftute, and Joygopalpur Gram Vfkash Kendra for thefr kfnd cooperafon durfng the survey. The authors thank the anonymous revfewers and subject edftor for fmprovfng qualfty of the manuscrfpt by thefr construcfve comments and suggesfons. LOGOs 9144 Ornamental freshwater fishes of Sundarban Biosphere Reserve Gupta et al. INTRODUCTION the high diversity of fish resources (Sanyal et al. 2012) of which there are some indigenous varieties which could Ornamental fishes are attractive and colorful be gainfully utilized as ornamental fishes due to their species which can be kept as pets in confined spaces attractive color, shape, behavior etc. The popularity of like aquarium or garden pool with the purpose of these fish varieties as aquarium species both in domestic enjoying their beauty (Mukherjee et al. 2000). Keeping as well as in the international markets has already been ornamental fish has become popular as an easy and documented (Gupta & Banerjee 2008, 2012a,b, 2014). stress relieving hobby (Ghosh et al. 2003), and has The Sundarban Biosphere Reserve (between emerged as one of the most popular hobbies in the world 21040’04”–22009’21”N & 88001’56”–89006’01”E), next to photography (Das et al. 2005; Singh & Ahmed an UNESCO declared World heritage site, lies on the 2005). The ever-increasing demand for ornamental southern fringes of the West Bengal State of India, where fishes has made them an important component of the Gangetic plain meets the Bay of Bengal. The site of global fish trade (Andrews 1990; Singh & Ahmed 2005; the world’s largest mangrove ecosystem, the Sundarban Tlusty et al. 2013). Ninety percent of the world’s trade is an archipelago of several hundred islands, spread volume concentrates around tropical freshwater fishes across 9,630km2 in India and 16,370km2 in Bangladesh. of which majority is contributed by diverse wild-caught Its 9,630km2 area is spread over the entire South 24 species (Olivier 2001). Wild collection of freshwater Parganas and the southern parts of the adjoining North fishes for the aquarium trade has been considered as 24 Parganas, the two southernmost districts of the state an arguable issue (Raghavan et al. 2013). Some authors of West Bengal. The delta comprises of 102 low-lying suggest indigenous ornamental fish to be an important islands, of which 54 are occupied by human habitation contributor to local economies if their habitats and spanning an area of 5,363km2. On the Indian side, it populations are properly managed (Tlusty et al. 2008) extends over 19 community development blocks; 13 while others are with the view that unmanaged blocks in South 24 Parganas and six blocks in North 24 collection from the wild will reduce the sustainability of Parganas districts collectively known as the “Sundarban the trade and lead to population declines of important blocks”. The freshwater flows from the rivers and the tidal species (Moreau & Coomes 2007; Rowley et al. 2008). ingress from the sea result in a gradient of salinity that Recently Rani et al. (2013) found that the annual varies both spatially and temporally within the Biosphere turnover of global ornamental fish trade is more than Reserve. In general, the salinity is higher nearer the coast 6 billion US$ but India still remains a sleeping giant with and the water is nearly fresh on the inland side boundary a contribution of less than 1% of the global ornamental of the Sundarban (Gopal & Chauhan 2006). Area of fish trade. Indian ornamental fish export accounted for fresh water close to the blind river, creeks and canals about US$ 0.24 million in 1991 and US$ 2.10 million in in the Sundarban biosphere is about 891km2. Apart 2008. The share of ornamental fish exports to the total from the network of numerous tidal creeks, inlets and value of Indian fisheries export has increased from 0.04% channels, the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve is endowed in 1991 to 0.15% in 2008. Compared to the growth of with a vast expanse of often inland waters in the form world ornamental fish exports during 1991–2009 (6.1% of canals, lakes, ponds, tanks, wetlands and paddy fields in value, 15.5% in terms of quantity and diminished which always have attracted attention for its vast aquatic by 8.1% in terms of unit value), Indian ornamental fish resources and rich indigenous fish diversity. Some export registered a higher positive growth rate of 14.4% amount of research has been carried out earlier to study in terms of export value, lower growth rate of 12.1% in the diversity of indigenous ornamental fish resources of terms of quantity exported and a higher growth rate of West Bengal (Ghosh et al. 2002; Paul et al.
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