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Caucasus Studies 4 Studies Caucasus Cau Papers from the Conference, Ua Society and Lang ON, November 28-30 2008, Malmö University November 28-30 2008, Migrati

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Caucasus Studies 4 Studies Caucasus Cau Papers from the Conference, Ua Society and Lang ON, November 28-30 2008, Malmö University November 28-30 2008, Migrati CAUCASUS STUDIES 4 STUDIES CAUCASUS lA Caucasus Studies 4 ng UA Caucasus Studies 4 gE , m I CAUCASUSCaucasus STUDIES:Studies 2 gr ATI MIGRATION, SOCIETY AND LANGUAGE SoCIET AnD on LANGUAGE, HISTORY AND CULTURAL Edited IDENTITIES by Karina Vamling IN THE CAUCASUS y CaucasusEdited Studies by 4Karina includes Vamling papers presented at the multidisciplinary confe- CAUCASUS STUDIES: rence Caucasus Studies: Migration – Society – Language, held on November mIgr STUDIES: CAUCASUS 28-30 2008 at Malmö University. Researchers on the Caucasus from a variety MIGRATION, SOCIETY AND LANGUAGE of disciplinary perspectives gathered around the themes: Armed conflicts and conflict resolution, The Caucasus and global politics, Identities in transition, Migration and identity, Language contact and migration, and Diaspora studies. Papers from the conference, Papers from this broad spectrum of topics are represented in the volume. The languages of the conference were English and Russian, and the volume there- November 28-30 2008, Malmö University fore includes papers in both these languages. ATI on, SoCIETyAnD on, Edited by Karina Vamling The organizing of this international conference and the presence of a large number of colleagues from Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and North Caucasus would not have been possible without the generous support from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida). l A ng UA gE MALMÖ UNIVERSITY SE-205 06 Malmö Sweden m www.mah.se A MALMÖ UNIVERSITY ISBN 978-91-7104-088-6 2011 lmö SE-205 06 Malmö Sweden www.mah.se ISBN 978-91-7104-089-3 Caucasus Studies 1 Circassian Clause Structure Mukhadin Kumakhov & Karina Vamling 2 Language, History and Cultural Identities in the Caucasus Papers from the conference, June 17-19 2005. Edited by Karina Vamling 3 Conference in the fields of Migration – Society – Language 28-30 November 2008. Abstracts 4 Caucasus Studies: Migration – Society – Language Papers from the conference, November 28-30, 2008. Edited by Karina Vamling Caucasus Studies 4 CAUCASUS STUDIES: Migration – Society – Language Papers from the conference, November 28-30 2008, Malmö University Edited by Karina Vamling Malmö University Department of Language, Migration and Society Sweden Caucasus Studies 4 Caucasus Studies: Migration, Society and Language Papers from the conference, November 28-30 2008, Malmö University Edited by Karina Vamling Published by Malmö University Faculty of Culture and Society Department of Language, Migration and Society S-20506 Malmö, www.mah.se © 2011, Department of Language, Migration and Society and the authors Cover illustration: Caucasus Mountains (K. Vamling) ISBN 978-91-7104-089-3 Holmbergs, Malmö Contents List of contributors vii Preface ix 1 Society and Migration The Uniqueness of the Caucasian Conflicts? 11 Babak Revzani Return to Gali – Reasons for and Conditions of the Georgians Return to 29 the Gali District Kirstine Borch The People’s Diplomacy during the Nagorno Karabagh Conflict: A Case of 39 Settlement Exchange (in Russian; English summary, 51) Arsen Hakobyan Preservation of Identity Through Integration: the Case of Javakheti Armenians 52 Sara Margaryan Armenian Diaspora: Rendezvous Between the Past and the Present 62 Hripsime Ramazyan and Sona Avetisyan The Factor of the Caucasus in Global Politics 70 Alexander Tsurtsumia North Caucasus in a System of All-Caucasian, Russian and European 74 Relations (in Russian; English summary, 78) Dzhulietta Meskhidze The North Caucasian and Abkhaz Diasporas; Their Lobbying Activities in Turkey 80 Ergün Özgür Abkhazian Diasporas in the World 88 Nana Machavariani The “Temporary life” of Labor Seasonal Migrants from Western Mountain 91 Dagestan to the Rostov area: Cultural Projection or Cultural Transformation (in Russian; English summary, 95) Ekaterina Kapustina Collective Identities, Memories and Representations in Contemporary Georgia: 97 The Theatre-Scape of Tbilisi Birgit Kuch v The Liturgic Nature of Tradition and National Identity Search Strategy in 102 Modern Georgia: The Case of the Georgian Banquet (in Russian; English summary, 105) Giorgi Gotsiridze and Giorgi Kipiani 2 Language and Society The Role of Language in the Loss of Culture of Immigrants: The Chechen 107 Example A. Filiz Susar and Ye!im Ocak Caucasian Languages and Language Contact in Terms of Religions 114 Junichi Toyota On Syntactic Isoglosses between Ossetic and South Caucasian: The Case 122 of Negation David Erschler Semantics of Deictic Pronouns in the Daghestani Languages 137 Sabrina Shikhalieva Lexemes Expressing Migration and Problems of Language Identity 141 in Modern Georgia Tinatin Turkia The Influence of Globalization Processes on Languages without Scripts 145 (Based on Tsova-Tush (Batsbi) materials) (in Russian; English summary, 152) Bela Shavkhelishvili Globalization and Language Problems: The Case of the Georgian Language 153 Manana Tabidze The Problems of Learning and Teaching of the State Language in Some 159 Regions of Georgia Tinatin Bolkvadze vi Contributors Sona Avetisyan (Erevan State Linguistic University, Armenia) Tinatin Bolkvadze (Dept. of General and Applied Linguistics, Tbilisi State University, Georgia) Kristine Borch Nielsen (Roskilde University, Denmark) David Erschler (Independent University of Moscow, Russia) Giorgi Gotsiridze (Institute of History, Tbilisi, Georgia) Arsen Hakobyan (Department of contemporary anthropological studies, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Armenia) Ekaterina Kapustina (Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), Saint-Petersburg, Russia) Giorgi Kipiani (Institute of Psychology, Tbilisi, Georgia) Birgit Kuch (Institute of Theatre Studies, University of Leipzig, Germany) Nana Machavariani (Tbilisi I. Javakhishvili State University, Georgia) Sara Margaryan (Independent scholar, Lund, Sweden) Dzhulietta Meskhidze (Department of European Studies of Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia) Ye!im Ocak (Maltepe, University Dragos-"stanbul, Turkey) Ergün Özgür (Marmara University, Organizational Behavior, Istanbul, Turkey) Hripsime Ramazyan (Brusov Yerevan State Linguistic University, Armenia) Babak Revzani (Amsterdam Institute for Metropolitan and International Development Studies, Political and Cultural Geography, Amsterdam University, The Netherlands) Bela Shavkhelishvili (Chikobava Institute of Linguistics, Georgian Academy of Sciences, Tbilisi) Sabrina Shikhalieva (The Gamzat Tsadasa Institute of Language, Literature and Art of the Dagestan Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia) vii A. Filiz Susar (Maltepe, University Dragos-"stanbul, Turkey) Manana Tabidze (The National Center of Intellectual Property of Georgia, Tbilisi) Junichi Toyota (Centre for Language and Literature, English, Lund University, Sweden) Alexander Tsurtsumia (Soukhumi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia) Tinatin Turkia (Ilia Chavchavadze State University of Tbilisi, Georgia) viii Preface Caucasus Studies 4 includes papers presented at the multidisciplinary conference Caucasus Studies: Migration – Society – Language, held on November 28-30 2008 at Malmö University, shortly after the dramatic events of the Georgian-Russian war. Researchers on the Caucasus from a variety of disciplinary perspectives gathered around the themes: Armed conflicts and conflict resolution, The Caucasus and global politics, Identities in transition, Migration and identity, Language contact and migration, and Diaspora studies. Papers from this broad spectrum of topics are represented in the volume. The languages of the conference were English and Russian, and the volume therefore includes papers in both these languages. The organizing of this international conference and the presence of a large number of colleagues from Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and North Caucasus would not have been possible without the generous support from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida). I would also like to thank the Department of International Migration and Ethnic Relations (IMER), Malmö University, for hosting the conference. Special thanks go to colleagues Revaz Tchantouria, Märta- Lisa Magnusson and Manana Kock Kobaidze and students Maria Hamberg and Karolin Larsson for engagement and support. The views expressed in papers in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the editor or Caucasus Studies at the Department of Language, Migration and Society (formerly IMER). Karina Vamling Malmö, December 2011 ix x The Uniqueness of the Caucasian Conflicts? Babak Rezvani Introduction Are the ethno-territorial conflicts in the Caucasus unique? Do they have any peculiar characteristics which are not found elsewhere? Does the Caucasus have certain characteristics that make such conflicts more probable? Comparative methods of analysis will be used in this writing in order to answer these questions. The situation in the Caucasus is comparable with those in Central Asia and Fereydan. Its ethno-political system is similar to that of Central Asia, and its ethnic landscape to Fereydan. Central Asia is a region in the southern periphery of the former Soviet Union, which similar to the Caucasus, shares the legacy of the Soviet nationalities policy. The ethnic landscapes of these two regions, however, are not comparable with each other. In the Caucasus exists (rather small) pockets of relatively homogenous concentrations of indigenous ethnic groups, while in Central Asia many non-indigenous ethnic groups live in major urban areas (or
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