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Robert Frost╎s Theory and Practice of Poetry
/~/ ROBERT FROST’S THEORY AND PRACTICE OF POETRY A THESIS SUN~ITTED TO THE FACULTY OF ~TLANTh UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILII4ENT OF ThE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS BY EMMA L • YORK DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH ATLANTA, GEORGIA MAY 1967 ~ ~ ~53 /J~:.5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE iii INTRODUCTION . vi Chapter I. Frost’s Theory of Poetry . I. II. Major Themes in Frost’s Poetry 16 III. Frost’s Language and Style 30 CONCLUSION . 49 B IBLIOGR.APHY . 5 1 11 PREFACE Although Robert Frost occupies a unique position in modern poetry, he has not received the careful critical evaluation his work deserves. Anyone who has studied the numerous articles and books about him is quick to note that much has been done in the way of biographical sketches, regional vignettes, and appreciation, but little effort has been made to examine the poetry itself. There are many reasons for this lack of serious consideration. The main cause, however, is to be found in the very nature of his art. The poetry he has written is of a type distinctly different from that of his major contemporaries. At first glance, his work has an unusual simplicity which sets it apart. Frost’s poetry does not conform to any of the conventional devices characteristic of modern poetry. Modern poetry often exhibits obscurities of style and fra~nentary sentences, whereas, Frost’s sentences are clear. In modern poetry the verse forms are irregular with abrupt shifts from subject to subject. Frost’s language is conventional - close to everyday speech. Because he demands less erudition in the reader, his poetry may appear to lack the depth of thought that is found in the best modern verse. -
Robert Frosts Poetry: the Duality of the Senex
ROBERT FROSTS POETRY: THE DUALITY OF THE SENEX SONJA VALČIĆ UDK: 820(73).FROST, R. Filozofski fakultet u Zadru Izvorni znanstveni članak Faculty o f Philosophy in Zadar Original scientific paper Primljeno. 1999_10_12 Received The senex archetype in Frost's poetry is used extensively, it serves him to portray three antithetical aspects of human condition, aspects characterized by both positive and negative categories. These categories are not portrayed as static divisions, but as poles dinamically and complexly interrelated. This paper examines three of Frost's works "Mending Wall", "An Old Man's Winter Night" and "Directive" as examples for the study of the paradoxical senex consciousness. While the archetypal senex figures in the "Directive" and "An Old Man's Winter Night" represent primarily the antithetical aspects of the nature of humans, the senex protagonists in the "Mending Wall" reflect the inherent binary oppositions and ambivalence within the contradictory and paradoxical world of humankind. Thus, we can say, that Frost's portrayal of the archetype of the senex acknowledges the symbolic paradigm of the human condition. I. Robert Frost has long been considered the "Wise Old Man" of American twentieth-century poets, not simply because of his public persona, or mask, but because, as I shall explore in this paper, so much of his poetry and the characters in his poetry manifest the temperament, nature, principles and ordering qualities of the senex archetype. Senex is the Latin word for old man (or old woman). Personifications of the archetype appear everywhere in Frost's work as the guide, judge, father, mentor, philosopher, literate farmer, king, ruler (President and Governor), preacher, hermit, outcast, exile and ogre. -
“Mending Wall” by Robert Frost
FROST POETRY ANALYSIS DIRECTIONS: Complete the TP-CASTT analysis chart for your group poem. You only need one paper per group, but you are all responsible for presenting your poem to the class. You each must speak and contribute to the presentation. TP-CASTT –an acronym for title, paraphrase, connotation, attitude, shift, title (again), and theme—is designed to help you remember the concepts you can consider when examining a poem. This is not a lockstep sequential approach, but rather it is a fluid process in which you will move back and forth, among the various concepts. For example, in examining connotations of a line, you may also notice a shift, which in turn may give you an insight into theme. Title (before reading) Although titles are often keys to possible meanings of a poem, students frequently do not contemplate them either before or after reading poetry. As a first step in the analysis of a new poem, look at the title and predict what the poem may be about. Paraphrase Another aspect of a poem often neglected by students is the literal meaning—the “plot.” Frequently, real understanding of a poem must evolve from comprehension of “what’s going on in the poem.” Try to restate a poem in your own words, focusing on one syntactical unit at a time—not necessarily on one line at a time. Another possibility is to write a sentence or two for each stanza of the poem. Connotation Although this term usually refers solely to the emotional overtones of word choice, here it indicates that you should examine any and all poetic devices, focusing on how such devices contribute to the meaning, the effect, or both of a poem. -
Birches & Mending Wall King’S Word Academy BIRCHES When I See Birches Bend to Left and Right Across the Lines of Straighter Darker Trees
Literature Birches & Mending Wall King’s Word Academy BIRCHES When I see birches bend to left and right Across the lines of straighter darker trees. I like to think some boy’s been swinging them. But swinging doesn’t bend them down to stay 5 As ice storms do. Often you must have seen them Loaded with ice a sunny winter morning After a rain. They click upon themselves As the breeze rises, and turn many-colored As the stir cracks and crazes their enamel. 10 Soon the sun’s warmth makes them shed crystal shells Shattering and avalanching on the snow crust- Such heaps of broken glass to sweep away You’d think the inner dome of heaven had fallen. They are dragged to the withered bracken by the load. 15 And they seem not to break: though once they are bowed So low for long, they never right themselves: You may see their trunks arching in the woods Years afterwards, trailing their leaves on the ground Like girls on hands and knees that throw their hair 20 Before them over their heads to dry in the sun. But I was going to say when Truth broke in With all her matter of fact about the ice storm, I should prefer to have some boy bend them As he went out and in to fetch the cows- 25 Some boy too far from town to learn baseball. Whose only play was what he found himself. Summer or winter, and could play alone. One by one he subdued his father’s trees By riding them down over and over again 30 Until he took the stiffness out of them And not one but hung limp, not one was left For him to conquer. -
A Bibliography and Analysis of Robert Frost Monographs in the Rare Book Collection at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
April S. Brewer. The First Editions of Robert Frost: A Bibliography and Analysis of Robert Frost Monographs in the Rare Book Collection at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. A Master’s Paper for the M.S. in L.S degree. April, 2007. 41 pages. Advisor: Charles B. McNamara This paper is a detailed analysis of the first edition monographs by four-time Pulitzer Prize winning poet Robert Frost in the Rare Book Collection (RBC) at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. It includes a biographical sketch and information about the collection, including the donation of a large amount of materials by Clifford P. Lyons, a former UNC professor. This paper also compares the RBC's collection to other notable Frost collections. The bulk of this paper is a detailed bibliography with a condition analysis of the first editions held by the RBC. There is also a detailed desiderata list and recommendations for the future development for the RBC's Frost collection. Headings: Frost, Robert, 1874-1963 – Bibliography Special collections – Collection development University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Rare Book Collection. THE FIRST EDITIONS OF ROBERT FROST: A BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ANALYSIS OF ROBERT FROST MONOGRAPHS IN THE RARE BOOK COLLECTION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL by April S. Brewer A Master’s paper submitted to the faculty of the School of Information and Library Science of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Library Science. Chapel Hill, North Carolina April 2007 Approved by _______________________________________ Charles B. -
1 Robert Frost Poems Robert Frost (1874-1963) Was an American Poet
1 Robert Frost Poems Robert Frost (1874-1963) was an American poet most associated with the characters and cadences of New England. He won the Pulitzer Prize for poetry four times and became the most well-known poet of the twentieth century in America. He read his poem “The Gift Outright” at the inauguration of John F. Kennedy in 1961. His collections include A Boy’s Will (1913), North of Boston (1914), and Collected Poems (1931). Birches (1916) When I see birches bend to left and right Across the lines of straighter darker trees, I like to think some boy's been swinging them. But swinging doesn't bend them down to stay. Ice-storms do that. Often you must have seen them Loaded with ice a sunny winter morning After a rain. They click upon themselves As the breeze rises, and turn many-colored As the stir cracks and crazes their enamel. Soon the sun's warmth makes them shed crystal shells 10 Shattering and avalanching on the snow-crust-- Such heaps of broken glass to sweep away You'd think the inner dome of heaven had fallen. They are dragged to the withered bracken by the load, And they seem not to break; though once they are bowed So low for long, they never right themselves: You may see their trunks arching in the woods Years afterwards, trailing their leaves on the ground Like girls on hands and knees that throw their hair Before them over their heads to dry in the sun. 20 But I was going to say when Truth broke in With all her matter-of-fact about the ice-storm (Now am I free to be poetical?) I should prefer to have some boy bend them As he went out and in to fetch the cows-- Some boy too far from town to learn baseball, Whose only play was what he found himself, Summer or winter, and could play alone. -
Joseph Varghse Robert Frost
ROBERT FROST (1874-1963) "I never go down the shoreline [city in King County, Washington] to New York without watching the birches to see if they live up to what I say about them in the poem.” Robert Frost Elizabeth Shepley Sergeant [American journalist and writer] Describes – the way in which Robert Frost came to write "Birches” "As for the poet, 'who never saw New England as clearly as when he was in Old England,' he could not tie down his creative moments. It was about this time, early in 1914, while tramping the muddy yard at the Bungalow [West Midlands], that he suddenly; he says, wrote a new poem, not to be included in North of Boston. This was the now so famous and beloved 'Birches,' with its cold and crystal memories of another kind of wintry world.” in "Birches," even though Frost saw New England most clearly when he was in Old England, he re-viewed his wintry New England scene through Thoreauvian eyes” ○ Robert Frost and the New England Renaissance George Monteiro 100 Henry David Thoreau’s description anticipates Frost's handling of imagery- ○ “I love Nature partly because she is not man, but a retreat from him. None of his institutions control or pervade her. There a different kind of right prevails. In her midst I can be glad with an entire gladness… ○ If this world were all man, I could not stretch myself, I should lose all hope. He is constraint, she is freedom to me. He makes me wish for another world. She makes me content with this. -
Poetic Conception of Robert Frost
International Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature (IJSELL) Volume 4, Issue 7, July 2016, PP 113-117 ISSN 2347-3126 (Print) & ISSN 2347-3134 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2347-3134.0407018 www.arcjournals.org Poetic Conception of Robert Frost Ch.Aruna V.Beulah Rani Lecturer in English, Hindu College, Guntur Lecturer in English, Hindu College, Guntur [email protected] [email protected] Abstract: Robert Frost’s life, like his poetry is filled with curious contradictions. He wrote poetry using traditional theories and practices of versification. Frost said there is striking analogy between the course of a true poem and that of a true love, each begins as an impulse, a disturbing excitement to which the individual surrenders himself. This kind of inspiration is no way related to what words worth had in mind when he referred to emotions recollected in tranquility. The first kind of recognition which Frost suggests a part of poetic impulse may be seen by examining his stopping by woods on a snowy evening. Speaking about the relationship between the poem and the reader, Frost says the poem is twice blest once by the poet and then by the reader. Frost’s poetry is the poetry that never pretends it is the poetry of conversation and playing style. It sums up the past and enlivens the present for happy and wise future. It transcends time and space. It is universal in its appeal. It is powerful enough to express both things and thoughts. It is symbolic it plays on modern technique of contrasts and suggestions. -
Litcharts-Mending-Wall-1.Pdf
Get hundreds more LitCharts at www.litcharts.com Mending Wall POEM TEXT 42 Not of woods only and the shade of trees. 43 He will not go behind his father's saying, 1 Something there is that doesn't love a wall, 44 And he likes having thought of it so well 2 That sends the frozen-ground-swell under it, 45 He says again, "Good fences make good neighbours." 3 And spills the upper boulders in the sun; 4 And makes gaps even two can pass abreast. 5 The work of hunters is another thing: SUMMARY 6 I have come after them and made repair 7 Where they have left not one stone on a stone, There is some force that doesn’t like walls. It causes the frozen 8 But they would have the rabbit out of hiding, ground to swell underneath a wall, and the wall's upper stones 9 To please the yelping dogs. The gaps I mean, then topple off in the warmth of the sun. This creates gaps in the wall so big that two people could walk through them side- 10 No one has seen them made or heard them made, by-side. And then there are the hunters who take apart the 11 But at spring mending-time we find them there. wall—that’s something different. I often have to come and fix 12 I let my neighbour know beyond the hill; the spots where hunters haven't left a single stone in place, as 13 And on a day we meet to walk the line they tried to flush out the abbitsr that hide in the wall in order 14 And set the wall between us once again. -
Teaching Robert Frost: a Common Core Close Reading Seminar
Teaching Robert Frost: A Common Core Close Reading Seminar Sean McCann Professor of English, Wesleyan University National Humanities Center Fellow 2001-02 We will begin promptly on the hour. The silence you hear is normal. If you do not hear anything when the images change, e-mail Caryn Koplik [email protected] for assistance. Teaching Robert Frost GOAL To examine Frost’s poetry through close reading and consider how it can be both reassuring and disturbing at the same moment. americainclass.org 2 Teaching Robert Frost FROM THE FORUM How does Frost express complexity through simplicity? What, if any, impact did Frost have on other poets? Why would Frost write pastoral poetry at a time of massive urbanization? What is Frost’s relationship to the modernism of the 1920s? americainclass.org 3 Sean McCann Professor of English, Wesleyan University National Humanities Center Fellow 2001-02 A Pinnacle of Feeling: American Literature and Presidential Government (2008) Gumshoe America: Hard-Boiled Crime Fiction and the Rise and Fall of New Deal Liberalism (2000) americainclass.org 4 Teaching Robert Frost INTRODUCTION Focus on two poems: “The Road Not Taken” and “Mending Wall” (If time, “Death of the Hired Man.”) Why those two? General remarks about Frost’s poetry americainclass.org 5 Teaching Robert Frost Robert Frost (1874-1963) was among the major American poets of the 20th century. His achievement was distinctive and memorable. He came of age as a writer in an era when the most celebrated poetry was highly aestheticized— ornate, musical, and symbolic. And he began his career at a time when a rising new generation of modernists poets was throwing off that literary inheritance by writing complex, experimental verse that often looked nothing at all like traditional poetry. -
Major Life Events of Robert Frost
Major Life Events of Robert Frost: 1874 – Robert Frost is born in San Francisco on March 26 to William Prescott Frost Jr., a journalist from New Hampshire, and Isabelle Moodie, a schoolteacher from Scotland. “I know San Francisco like my own face…It’s where I came from, the first place I really knew…[It is] the first place in my memory, a place I still go back to in my dreams.”1 Named after General Robert E. Lee, whom his father admired. 1876 – Robert’s sister Jeanie is born. 1881 – Enters public school in the second grade, “excelling in geography and writing2. Later left elementary school after the third grade. “A pattern was put in place early in his life that would play out in distinct ways later on. Organized education, as he later said, was ‘never [his] taste.’”3 1885 – William Frost dies of tuberculosis. The Frost family is called back to the East Coast by William’s family for his funeral. “Frost absorbed from his father a great deal, including a feral drive to make something of himself, to exercise influence, to feel the world bending to his will…Frost’s lifelong…passion to excel and win in whatever he did [was] also a legacy from his father.”4 1885 – Frost family moves to New England. They first live with William Frost’s family in Lawrence, Massachusetts. Frost recalled, “At first I disliked the Yankees. They were cold. They seemed narrow to me. I could not get used to them.”5 1886 – Isabelle begins teaching at a school in Salem, a school which her two children also attend. -
Abbreviations
Abbreviations ABW: A Boy’s Will, Robert Frost (London: David Nutt, 1913). ACL: Amherst College Library, Amherst, Mas sa chu setts. AFR: A Further Range, Robert Frost (New York: Henry Holt, 1936). Agnes Scott: Special Collections and Archives, McCain Library, Agnes Scott College, Decatur, Georgia. Alger: Private collection of Pat Alger, Nashville, Tennessee. AL: Autograph letter, unsigned. ALS: Autograph letter, signed. ALS- photostat: Autograph letter, signed, photostat. AAP: Acad emy of American Poets, New York, New York. AWT: A Witness Tree, Robert Frost (New York: Henry Holt, 1942). Bauman: Bauman Rare Books, New York. Berkeley: Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. Bodleian: Special Collections, Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford. Bowdoin: Bowdoin College, George. J. Mitchell Department of Special Collections and Archives. BPL: Boston Public Library, Boston, Mas sa chu setts. BU: Boston University, Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center. Chicago: University of Chicago, Special Collections Research Center, Chicago, Illinois. Columbia: Columbia University Library, New York. Cornell: Cornell University, Rare and Manuscript Collection, Cornell University Library, Ithaca, New York. xvi Abbreviations CP 1930: Collected Poems of Robert Frost (New York: Henry Holt, 1930). CP 1939: Collected Poems of Robert Frost (New York: Henry Holt, 1939). CP 1949: Complete Poems of Robert Frost (New York: Henry Holt, 1949). CPPP: Robert Frost: Collected Poems, Prose and Plays, ed. Richard Poirier and Mark Richardson (New York: Library of Amer i ca, 1995). CPRF: The Collected Prose of Robert Frost, ed. Mark Richardson (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2007). Crane: Robert Frost: A Descriptive Cata logue of Books and Manuscripts in the Clifton Waller Barrett Library, Joan St.