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Biválvios Do Cretáceo Da Bacia De São Luís: Taxonomia E Observações Paleoecológicas

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Biválvios Do Cretáceo Da Bacia De São Luís: Taxonomia E Observações Paleoecológicas Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal do Rio de janeiro BIVÁLVIOS DO CRETÁCEO DA BACIA DE SÃO LUÍS: TAXONOMIA E OBSERVAÇÕES PALEOECOLÓGICAS Ighor Dienes Mendes 2017 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro BIVÁLVIOS DO CRETÁCEO DA BACIA DE SÃO LUÍS: TAXONOMIA E OBSERVAÇÕES PALEOECOLÓGICAS Ighor Dienes Mendes Dissertação de Mestrado submetida ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biologia, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ, como requisito necessário à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas (Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva). Orientador: Ismar de Souza Carvalho Rio de Janeiro Agosto de 2017 BIVÁLVIOS DO CRETÁCEO DA BACIA DE SÃO LUÍS: TAXONOMIA E OBSERVAÇÕES PALEOECOLÓGICAS Ighor Dienes Mendes Orientador: Prof. Dr. Ismar de Souza Carvalho Dissertação de Mestrado submetida ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biologia, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas. Área de concentração: Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva Aprovada por: _____________________________________ Presidente, Prof. Dra. Cláudia Augusta de Moraes Russo _____________________________________ Profa. Dra. Rita de Cássia Tardin Cassab _____________________________________ Prof. Dr. Hermínio Ismael de Araújo Júnior _____________________________________ Prof. Dr. José Ricardo Miras Meermudes (suplente) _____________________________________ Prof. Dr. Sandro Marcelo Scheffler (suplente) UFRJ Rio de Janeiro 2017 iv À minha filha Halina Mendes, quem encoraja e motiva minha existência. v AGRADECIMENTOS Ao Dr. Ismar de Souza Carvalho, por todo o auxílio e dedicação como orientador, onde este é mais um dos resultados de uma colaboração estabelecida desde 2008; pela confiança no meu crescimento científico, intelectual e pessoal; compreensão, conselhos e oportunidades cedidas, principalmente em momentos em que muito precisei, no transcorrer deste curso. Reitero nesta oportunidade, meus agradecimentos à CAPES pelo apoio financeiro que me foi dado para a realização deste curso. Às instituições UFRJ, Museu Nacional, UFMA, e CPHNA-MA pela cessão de infraestrutura necessária e apoio logístico para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa. Em particular, o Instituto de Geologia-UFRJ, Laboratório de Bioestratigrafia, Paleoecologia e Paleoclima e ao Laboratório de Geologia Sedimentar e suas extensões. Ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, na pessoa de seus coordenadores Daniela Takiya (quando ingressei); à coordenadora Claudia A. M. Russo (atual coordenadora); e seu secretário Heber Araújo, pelo auxílio prestado durante a realização do curso. Em particular, aos professores doutores, que de forma direta e/ou indireta contribuíram com sugestões, revisões e/ou suporte bibliográfico: Antonio M. Solé Cava, Carlos Renato R. Ventura, Cássia M. Sakuragui, Fernanda C. Azevedo, José Ricardo M. Mermudes, Michele Klautau e Ricardo Moratelli M. da Rocha. Aos professores Dr. Vladimir T. Araújo, Dr. Hermínio I. de Araújo Júnior e Dra. Cícera N. de Almeida, pelas sugestões, críticas, métodos e suporte bibliográfico em Paleontologia e Geologia. Aos valiosos amigos Danilo de Alcântara, Carlos Alberto, Elis Pedroso Saldanha, Gleick S. M. Souza, Jorge Renato S. Silva (IFMA), Larissa Siqueira, prof. Dr. Manuel Alfredo A. Medeiros (UFMA), Nira, Pedro H. A. Serra, Robertônio F. B. Seixas, Stefan F. B. Bezerra e Taciane C. Silva, pelo auxílio oferecido durante coletas de campo. Aos professores e amigos: Francisco J. Correa Martins (UFRRJ), pelas críticas, revisões, discussões e suporte bibliográfico; Dr. Patrick F. Führ Dal’ Bó (UFRJ), pelas sugestões, delineamento de métodos e amizade; Dra. Maria Helena Henriques (Universidade de Coimbra) e Dra. Maria Luisa Canales (Universidad Complutense de Madrid), pelas sugestões dadas em campo e delineamento de métodos em Paleontologia vi e Geologia; ao Dr. Christopher Robert Scotese (Northwestern University) pela cessão dos arquivos e dados paleogeográficos. Expresso os meus sinceros agradecimentos à Dra. Rita de Cássia Tardin Cassab, sempre disponível, com valiosas sugestões, críticas textuais, suporte bibliográfico e facilidades proporcionadas das mais diversificadas formas. Aos amigos de laboratório e/ou pós-graduação: Amanda G. Rodrigues, Bárbara R. Gomes, Bruno R. C. Santos, Fábio H. Cortes F., Fernando L. K. Salgado, João Paulo P. B., Kelly A. Vidal, Leonardo Cotts A. S. C., Lucas P. Marques, Maíra L. Brito, Marcelo A. P. Oliveira, Mauricius N. Menezes, Renata B. Schaan, Roberto L. M. Novaes e Vitor H. S. Coutinho, expresso os meus mais sinceros agradecimentos pelo o auxílio com sugestões, críticas, dicas, suporte com referências, trocas de experiencias dentre outros, que ajudaram a construir este trabalho. Por último, mas não menos importante, à minha família, que colaborou e incentivou incondicionalmente as minhas iniciativas de várias maneiras: meus pais, Joana M. e Francisco Gil C. Alencar; minha avó Ilvonete M.; tios Genivaldo M. e Ribamar M.; tios Alexandre M. M. e Paula F. Estrela. F.M.; “manita” Gabriela M.C.; e minha noiva Roberta Cantalice F.C., por auxiliar com as planilhas de dados sempre fornecer encorajamento com palavras e gestos. vii RESUMO Biválvios do Cretáceo da Bacia de São Luís: taxonomia e observações paleoecológicas Ighor Dienes Mendes Orientador: Ismar de Souza Carvalho Resumo da Dissertação de Mestrado submetida ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva. Este estudo apresenta investigações sobre a paleontologia de invertebrados em rochas associadas a ambientes transicionais do Cretáceo Superior da Bacia de São Luís, Maranhão, Nordeste do Brasil. Compreendendo a análise de moluscos fósseis, que inclui reavaliação, reconhecimento da composição, correlação, associação paleogeográfica e discussão sobre aspectos paleoecológicos e paleoambientais de assembleias que contêm biválvios fósseis. A diversidade de espécies rochas examinadas mostrou clara dominância por moluscos fósseis, em particular da classe Bivalvia. Há 11 ordens, 24 famílias, 31 gêneros e as espécies Brachidontes eoexustus Klein & Ferreira, 1979, Ostrea cf. maroimensis White, 1887, Ostrea cf. maroimensis White, 1887, Lopha lombardi Datevelle & Freneix, 1957, Cameleolopha cameleo Coquandi, 1859, Neithea coquandi Drouet, 1825 Acesta maranhensis Klein & Ferreira, 1979 e Scabrotrigonia scabra (Lamarck, 1819). A análise mostrou que há oito gêneros reportados em estudos anteriores, além de 23 novos gêneros já reportados na literatura pertinente sobre biválvios; foram classificados em uma lista taxonômica atualizada, incluindo a relação e breves comentários sobre todos os seus respectivos grupos irmãos (gêneros e espécies), distribuídos entre 24 famílias correspondentes que ocorrem no Cretáceo do Brasil. A comparação com as demais bacias cretáceas brasileiras, mostrou forte relação com a fauna de biválvios descrita para o Cenomaniano da Bacia de Sergipe. Baseada na relação de co- ocorrência é feita a correlação dos horizontes fossilíferos da Bacia de São Luís, em que ocorrem os táxons aqui descritos, como restritos ao Cenomaniano, com base no limite estratigráfico superior N. coquandi Drouet e o inferior de S. scabra (Lamarck). A análise paleoecológica mostra uma variedade de hábitos associados à vida bentônica, com 44% dos táxons ocorrendo no estrato semi e infaunal e 56% no estrato epifaunal. Duas estratégias de alimentação foram reconhecidas, onde táxons de biválvios suspensívoros são dominantes em relação ao modo de alimentação carnívora. A abordagem paleoecológica corrobora estudos anteriores, confirmando a presença de um ambiente deposicional estuarino em estratos do Cretáceo Superior da Bacia de São Luís. Palavras-chave: Mollusca, Cenomaniano, Bacia de São Luís viii ABSTRACT Cretaceous Bivalvia from the São Luís Basin: taxonomy and palaeoecological remarks Ighor Diendes Mendes Advisor: Ismar de Souza Carvalho Abstract of the Masther thesis submited to Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, as part of the requierements to obtain the degree of the Master in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology. This research presents the analysis on the invertebrate paleontology of the Upper Cretaceous of the São Luís Basin, Maranhão, Northeast Brazil. The stydy comprises the identification of fossil molluscs, including their review, classification, correlation, paleogeographic association and discussion on paleoecological and paleoenvironmental aspects of the assemblages. The specimens show clear dominance of fossil molluscs, specially of the Bivalvia class. Eleven orders, 24 families, 31 genera and the species Brachidontes eoexustus Klein & Ferreira, 1979, Ostrea cf. maroimensis White, 1887, Lopha lombardi Datevelle & Freneix, 1957, Cameleolopha cameleo Coquandi, 1859, Neithea coquandi Drouet, 1825 Acesta maranhensis Klein & Ferreira, 1979 and Scabrotrigonia scabra (Lamarck, 1819) were recognaissed. The analysis showed eight genera already reported in previous studies, besides of 23 new genera already described from others basins the fossil were, classified in an current taxonomic
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