Remaking the Mosquito the End of Malaria?

Danielle Allen • Drama and Dance • Robots vs. Wages

Remaking the Mosquito The end of malaria?

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160505_Deloitte_ivy.indd 1 3/14/16 11:44 AM MaY-June 2016 Volume 118, Number 5

features 37 Forum: Who Owns the Robots Rules the World by Richard B. Freeman Technological change, jobs, and inequality intersect

40 The Egalitarian | by Spencer Lenfield Political philosopher Danielle Allen plumbs the roots and meaning of equality in American democracy p. 18 48 Vita: Champ Lyons | by Martin L. Dalton and Laurence A. Lyons Brief life of an innovative surgeon: 1907-1965

50 Editing an End to Malaria? | by Jonathan Shaw Gene editing holds promise—if the technology can be deployed safely

John Harvard’s Journal 18 Studying—and performing—drama and dance. Plus an American art curator, public-health dean, CS50 goes to high school, the Yard greened, Larry Summers, contested Overseers’ election, Supreme Court nominee, sexual assault and other campus news, when undergraduates advocate change, and a basketball streak ends p. 15 p. 40 departments en j ooi 2 Cambridge 02138 | Letters from our readers—and thinking strategically

llen R van 3 The View from Mass Hall ; E h mit 12 Right Now | Why wages are gendered, which calories count, cancer’s unexpected inception f Hopkinson S 16A Harvard2 | Spring events, Color of Film festival, Hawthorne’s iconic house, an

ourtesy o Andover outing, Commencement schedule, cutting-edge Kendall Square cuisine, and more C 61 Montage | The “shameless popularism” of Ellen Harvey’s paintings, America’s foreign-policy problem, lutenist Hopkinson Smith, a photographer’s close-up fascination ilippe Gontier/ with spring, the history of economic growth, fireflies, and more

72 Alumni | Houston’s hands-on mayor, and the Board of Overseers and alumni association candidates osner; Jim Harrison; Ph tu R 76 The College Pump | A president who tippled, and an eternally faithful dog p.65

84 Treasure | Radio days On the cover: Illustration by Pete Ryan 77 Crimson Classifieds clockwise From top: S www.harvardmagazine.com

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Letters

editor: John S. Rosenberg senior editor: Jean Martin managing editor: Jonathan S. Shaw Cambridge  art director: Jennifer Carling associate editors: Marina Bolotnikova, Overseers’ election, “flyover” states, Law School shield Sophia Nguyen staff writer/editor: Lydialyle Gibson asistant editor-online: Laura Levis From Eugenics… Adam Cohen’s article stimulated me to run I commend the excellent article “Harvard’s a quick check on the Oregon State Board of assistant editor: Nell Porter Brown Eugenics Era” (by Adam Cohen, March- Eugenics, which ordered more than 2,600 berta greenwald ledecky April, page 48). The “era” was not just at involuntary sterilizations from 1917 to 1981. undergraduate fellows Harvard but really encompasses the United As a lowly intern rotating on the gyne- Jenny Gathright, Bailey Trela States generally and ought to be required cology service at the University of Oregon editorial intern: Olivia Campbell reading for American history, lest we forget. Hospital in 1961, I was handed a formal Alan Goldhammer, J.D. ’66 court order to perform an involuntary ster- contributing editors Berkeley, Calif. ilization on a woman. My strong protests John T. Bethell, John de Cuevas, Dick 7 ware street a possible bias that might “favor fnancial Friedman, Adam Goodheart, The Tiger Roars capital at the expense of human and physi- Elizabeth Gudrais, Jim Harrison, cal capital.” Courtney Humphries, Christopher S. Princeton is not Harvard. Smaller, more Administrators are directed to increase Johnson, Adam Kirsch, Colleen Lannon, intimate, it offers superb undergraduate and spending from the current low level, to Christopher Reed, Stu Rosner, Deborah doctoral education in the liberal arts and “co-invest” with eager supporters who Smullyan, Mark Steele engineering and applied sciences, without share Princeton’s goals—a nifty option, harvard magazine inc. the huge professional schools (business, law, immediately after a capital campaign. To president: Margaret H. Marshall, Ed.M. medicine) that shine so brightly in the Crim- that end, the university will, inter alia, ex- ’69. directors: Peter K. Bol, Jonathan son frmament. pand its undergraduate population by 500, L.S. Byrnes, D.B.A. ’80, Scott V. Edwards, For whatever reason—a more unifed to about 5,800, adding a new residential Thomas F. Kelly, Ph.D. ’73, Ann Ma- culture, sheer nimbleness—the Tiger has college; accept transfers, in part to seek shown it can roar with a single voice. The economic diversity by enrolling veterans, rie Lipinski, NF ’90, Lars Peter Knoth trustees’ Princeton University Strategic community-college students, and others; Madsen, John P. Reardon Jr. ’60, Bryan E. Framework, dated January 30 (a frills-free augment service-oriented education and Simmons ’83 24 pages, black type on white paper), out- extracurriculars; build capacity signif- lines an institutional vision, a contempo- cantly in environmental sciences, educa- Board of Incorporators rary operating context, a fnancial model, tion research, engineering (computer sci- This magazine, at ﬁrst called the Harvard Bulletin, was founded in 1898. Its Board of Incorporators was char- and clear priorities for the next few years. ence, statistics, and machine learning); tered in 1924 and remains active in the magazine’s The framework, and progress in effecting and seek partnerships with external con- governance. The membership is as follows: Stephen it, are to be reviewed every four years. stituencies. J. Bailey, AMP ’94; Jeffrey S. Behrens ’89, William I. Bennett ’62, M.D. ’69; John T. Bethell ’54; Peter K. Bol; Adherents of peer schools might take In all, it is a useful vision for Princeton Fox Butterﬁeld ’61, A.M. ’64; Sewell Chan ’98; Jona- note. Eschewing the sprawl of the “mul- as a “liberal arts university for the twenty- than S. Cohn ’91; Philip M. Cronin ’53, J.D. ’56; John de Cuevas ’52; James F. Dwinell III ’62; Anne Fadiman tiversity,” Princeton declares itself a frst century.” ’74; Benjamin M. Friedman ’66, Ph.D. ’71; Robert H. “cohesive institution with a shared and The governance reforms Harvard en- Giles, NF ’66; Richard H. Gilman, M.B.A. ’83; Owen Gingerich, Ph.D. ’62; Adam K. Goodheart ’92; Phil- intensely felt sense of mission.” Perhaps acted in late 2010 aimed in part to give ip C. Haughey ’57; Brian R. Hecht ’92; Sarah Blaffer as a result it is materially fortunate (per the Corporation capacity to think more Hrdy ’68, Ph.D. ’75; Ellen Hume ’68; Alex S. Jones, NF student, Princeton’s endowment is about ’82; Bill Kovach, NF ’89; Florence Ladd, BI ’72; Jen- strategically. Toward that end, Princeton’s nifer 8 Lee ’99; Randolph C. Lindel ’66; Ann Marie 50 percent larger than Harvard’s), and the framework, downloaded from New Jer- Lipinski, NF ’90; Scott Malkin ’80, J.D.-M.B.A. ’83; trustees fnd that the spending of that sey, would ft nicely in the Fellows’ next Margaret H. Marshall, Ed.M. ’69, Ed ’77, L ’78; Lisa L. Martin, Ph.D. ’90; David McClintick ’62; Winthrop wealth has “tended in practice to favor fu- briefng packets. Harvard is emphatically L. McCormack ’67; M. Lee Pelton, Ph.D. ’84; John P. ture generations” unduly. They therefore not Princeton—but this community could Reardon Jr. ’60; Christopher Reed; Harriet Ritvo ’68, Ph.D. ’75; Henry Rosovsky, JF ’57, Ph.D. ’59, LL.D. ’98; adopt a higher maximum spending rate, surely beneft from engaging in a similar Barbara Rudolph ’77; Robert N. Shapiro ’72, J.D. ’78; the better to advance research and educa- exercise, and producing an equivalent road Theda Skocpol, Ph.D. ’75; Peter A. Spiers ’76; Scott H. Stossel ’91; Sherry Turkle ’69, Ph.D. ’76; Robert H. tion in the here and now—and to reduce map. v john s. rosenberg, Editor Weiss ’54; Jan Ziolkowski.

2 May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 The View from Mass Hall

“Learning to Change the World”

ne of the highlights of my spring semester is speaking with members of the senior class about their plans for the future. Some leave Harvard College in continuing pursuit of longstanding goals, and others depart Owith dreams they could not have predicted four years ago. This year, I had an opportunity to meet with the frst cohort of Harvard Teacher Fellows, a select group of undergraduates who, through an innovative program at the Harvard Graduate School of Educa- tion (HGSE), are preparing to become secondary school teachers in communities most in need of high-quality instruction. Our Fellows come from diverse backgrounds—a third are male, more than half are people of color, and together they represent ff- teen concentrations—but they share a belief in the power of education and a commitment to changing individual lives through their work. Students of history spoke with me about their hope of making the past come alive in the classroom, and a young man described his deeply satisfying extracurricular work as a mentor and tutor as a springboard into the program. A mechanical engineering concentrator from Dallas was motivated, counterintuitive as it may seem, by a lackluster high school physics teacher who almost stifled her interests. She is energized to inspire young people to imagine making contributions to science, technology, engineering, ing the futures of girls and boys across the country through service and mathematics—no matter the hurdles they encounter. as well-trained teachers. For this reason, Fellows are charged no At a moment when many of their classmates were beginning to tuition to participate in the program and receive stipends to help imagine life after Harvard, these students were forging new bonds offset living expenses while on assignment, fnancial support that and becoming a tight-knit community, discovering common inter- will make it possible for them to focus on their experience, their ests as they worked through “Introduction to Teaching and Learn- practice, and their students. ing in Schools,” a foundational course combining theoretical and Teaching is a noble career choice and one of the ways in which empirical perspectives with on-the-ground observations in local Harvard can contribute to closing achievement gaps that forestall schools. This summer they continue their education with intensive progress, reducing inequality not just through the students we ad- feldwork and coursework in Cambridge before relocating to part- mit, but also through the work they pursue throughout their lives. ner schools in Denver, New York, and Oakland. During the academic At last year’s Commencement, Dean Ryan applauded HGSE gradu- year, they will hold half-time teaching positions in mathematics, ates for “learning to change the world through education in ways science, history, and English, receiving advice from mentors in their large and small” and “[beginning] to understand what it takes to host cities and connecting with Harvard alumni already working fulfll the promise of diversity.” I recognize those same commit- in partner communities. These in-class and in-person experiences ments in our frst cohort of Harvard Teacher Fellows. They will will be complemented by online courses in education, and the stu- bring all that they have learned at the University into the nation’s dents will reconvene on campus after their teaching year to com- classrooms, and they have reinforced Harvard’s commitment to plete their fellowships. invigorating American education and fulflling the promise of op- Each of us can recall a teacher who transformed time in a class- portunity for all. room into endless opportunities to be curious and challenged, to fnd meaning and value in failure, to grow not just in knowledge Sincerely, but in wisdom. Yet the choice to enter the teaching profession at this moment can be complicated and fraught, especially for individuals who seek to educate children in high-need schools. Harvard must support young women and men who want to answer what HGSE Dean Jim Ryan has referred to as “the highest calling,” shap-

Harvard Magazine 3 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746

Letters were squelched by the administration. The Asians…,” with prominent Harvard fgures buck stopped with me, the bottom of the leading the charge, armed with terrifying staff totem pole, so I did the admitting his- visions of “Irish Catholics marrying white tory and physical. She was a healthy Anglo Anglo-Saxon Protestants, Jews marrying in her late teens, very much the girl-next- Gentiles, and blacks marrying whites,” publisher: Irina Kuksin door. She spoke well and predictions of director of circulation and but, according to physically and men- fundraising: Felecia Carter the paperwork, had tally defective persons donor relations and stewardship been declared fee- polluting the gene manager: Allison Kern bleminded and pro- pool unless rigorous director of advertising: miscuous. She was programs of steriliza- Robert D. Fitta living in some sort tion and immigration of a state institution restrictions were in- new england advertising manager: and did not under- stituted. What a sad Abby Shepard stand why she had commentary that Har- classified advertising manager: been brought to the vard’s prestige should Gretchen Bostrom hospital. I explained have provided an aura designer and integrated marketing as best I could, in- of scientifc truth to manager: Jennifer Beaumont cluding what would these shameful senti- associate web developer: happen in surgery ments. Jeffrey Hudecek and how she would Yet how do such feel post-op. Tears draconian techniques gift processor and office manager: trickled down her for dealing with “trou- Robert Bonotto cheeks and she said something like, “You blesome” folk compare with recent sug- are going to make me hurt,” but she did gestions from the campaign trail that we ivy league magazine network not object. Uneventful surgery and recov- should ban Muslims from entering our director of operations: ery. The episode is still a problem for me. country and kill the families of people we Heather Wedlake, Heatherwedlake@ William van H. Mason ’51 believe to be terrorists? ivymags.com Albuquerque The motivations haven’t changed: xeno- phobia—in this case, a fear of anyone who editorial and business office It was a humbling experience to read is different—and the absolute conviction 7 Ware Street about Harvard’s love affair with eugenics. that we can make America great again Cambridge, Mass. 02138-4037 But it reminded me that the eugenics move- through harsh measures such as torture Tel. 617-495-5746; fax: 617-495-0324 ment of the recent past (or maybe not so re- and suppression of protest, plus a return Website: www.harvardmagazine.com cent, since I can still recall Professor Earnest to the reassuring mantra that “The busi- E-mail: [email protected] Hooton’s lecture to my class some 70 years ness of America is business.” ago) is still around and thriving. The saving grace today is that the aca- @harvardmagazine The details are different, though. For demic community is not at the forefront facebook.com/harvardmagazine example, to my knowledge, no active or of this latest campaign of hatred and fear- retired member of the Board of Overseers, mongering…yet. Harvard Magazine (ISSN 0095-2427) is published bi- monthly by Harvard Magazine Inc., a nonprofit cor- teaching staff, or administration is pub- John A. Broussard ’49 poration, 7 Ware Street, Cambridge, Mass. 02138-4037, licly endorsing the view that Mexican mi- Kamuela, Hawaii phone 617-495-5746; fax 617-495-0324. The magazine is supported by reader contributions and subscriptions, grants are rapists or that we should haul advertising revenue, and a subvention from Harvard in the gangplank and prevent any of the …to Abortion and University. Its editorial content is the responsibility of billion or so Muslims from entering our Animal Rights the editors. Periodicals postage paid at Boston, Mass., and additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send ad- country. Civilization has made progress by ex- dress changes to Circulation Department, Harvard Earlier, it was “No Jews, Italians, tending rights to those who were previ- Magazine, 7 Ware Street, Cambridge, Mass. 02138-4037. Subscription rate $30 a year in U.S. and possessions, $55 ously thought unworthy of them, and often Canada and Mexico, $75 other foreign. (Allow up to speak up, please by limiting the rights of their oppressors. 10 weeks for first delivery.) Subscription orders and customer service inquiries should be sent to the Cir- Harvard Magazine welcomes letters The Thirteenth Amendment accorded citi- culation Department, Harvard Magazine, 7 Ware Street, on its contents. Please write to “Let- zenship to African Americans. Since then Cambridge, Mass. 02138-4037, or call 617-495-5746 or 800-648-4499, or e-mail [email protected]. ters,” Harvard Magazine, 7 Ware Street, protections have been granted to the “fee- Single copies $4.95, plus $2.50 for postage and han- Cambridge 02138, send comments by e- ble-minded,” the physically disabled (see dling. Manuscript submissions are welcome, but we mail to yourturn@harvard.edu, use our “Harvard’s Eugenics Era”), to animals (see cannot assume responsibility for safekeeping. Include stamped, self-addressed envelope for manuscript re- website, www.harvardmagazine.com, “Are Animals ‘Things’?” by Cara Feinberg, turn. Persons wishing to reprint any portion of Harvard or fax us at 617-495-0324. Letters may March-April, page 40), and even to inani- Magazine’s contents are required to write in advance for permission. Address inquiries to Irina Kuk- be edited to fit the available space. mate objects. The Catholic Church did not sin, publisher, at the address given above. wait for the Nazi Holocaust to condemn Copyright © 2016 Harvard Magazine Inc.

4 May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Letters the eugenics movement; it was condemned in the 1930 papal encyclical, Casti Cannubii. Likewise the Church has taken the lead in condemning abortion. Perhaps someday the unborn child will have same right to live that chimps in the U.S. have. Richard B. Johnson, M.P.H. 1985, M.D. MY MOTHER Williamsburg, Va. WAS A SNEAKER, The answer to Steven Wise’s question, “Why should a human have fundamental rights?” does not seem to require tremen- MY FATHER dous nuance, since the entire concept of “fundamental rights” is a creation of spe- cifcally human cognition. The long struggle WAS A DRESS SHOE to defne those rights and assert them in the world belongs entirely to humans. They are not a natural phenomenon but a function of our choices. In short, we have rights because we have articulated them, claimed them, and (at least sometimes) organized our society to make them real. That we have chosen to apply them to edge cases within our own species, per Wise’s example of the brain- stem-only baby, makes them neither univer- salizable nor incoherent. Indeed, there have been societies that have taken a different view of human liberty in edge cases, so its scope when applied to people has clearly been open to debate. But that doesn’t create any logical com- pulsion to transfer the concept of human rights to any nonhuman species that can’t itself articulate or assert them. That doesn’t rule out the ethical treatment of animals or preclude the idea they may possess some moral status. That’s a fair discussion, and there are compelling arguments for treating animals as something other than things. But confusing human rights with a concept of “animal rights” is just that—confusion. William Swislow ’79 Chicago I can’t help it. I was born this way. Insanely comfortable and ready for a day in The Overseers’ Election the ofﬁce. Think of me as the Un-Sneaker.™ Editor’s note: Harvard Magazine received the following letter, addressed “Dear Friends and Fellow Alumni.” For the full slate of candidates for election to the Board of Overseers, see page 74. A news report about the election appears on page 26, and SAMUELHUBBARD COM includes links to extensive online reports about the issues. The Market Cap, shown here in Cognac, is We write to you as past Presidents of available in Black and other styles. 844.482.4800 the Harvard Board of Overseers to urge that you participate in this year’s election

Harvard Magazine 5 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Letters for the Board of Overseers. This year’s elec- income. And hundreds of students from who seek to dismantle Harvard’s long- tion is particularly important to the future families earning more than $150,000 receive standing program to ensure racial and of Harvard because a slate of fve alumni has fnancial aid. In total, more than 70 percent ethnic diversity in undergraduate admis- petitioned to join this year’s ballot in sup- of undergraduates receive some form of aid. sions. In reality, Harvard’s admissions pro- port of an ill-advised platform that would Harvard’s focus on affordability also cess—which considers each applicant as a elevate ideology over crucial academic in- ensures that tuition from those who can whole person—has long been a model for terests of the University. Under the banner afford to pay continues to provide a sig- undergraduate admissions at universities “Free Harvard, Fair Harvard,” these fve nifcant source of funding for Harvard’s around the country. The current admis- alumni propose “the immediate elimination extraordinary educational programs. It sions policies ensure that Harvard main- of all tuition for undergraduates,” including simply does not make sense to forgo this tains a diverse student body with a range those whose families can afford to pay full considerable sum in order to make tuition of talents and experiences that enriches tuition. They also suggest that Harvard’s ad- free for students whose families can afford the experience of all students on campus. missions practices are “corrupt” and that to pay. Although the candidates propose President Faust has recently reaffirmed Harvard discriminates against Asian-Amer- that free tuition could be funded by Har- Harvard’s “commitment to a widely di- ican applicants. vard’s endowment, that simplistic prem- verse student body,” and has stated that The proposal to eliminate tuition for all ise fails to recognize that the endowment Harvard will pursue a “vigorous defense undergraduates is misguided. Harvard’s must be maintained in perpetuity and of [its] procedures and…the kind of educa- fnancial aid program, among the most that much of it consists of restricted gifts. tional experience they are intended to cre- generous in the country, already ensures Rather than eliminating tuition, Harvard ate.” We fully endorse her commitment to that Harvard is affordable forall students. should continue to ensure that the cost defending diversity. Roughly 20 percent of Harvard under- of attendance remains affordable, and we Ballots for this year’s Overseers election graduates—those whose parents earn less have full confdence that the administra- were mailed April 1, and must be received than $65,000—already attend free of cost. tion is committed to this important goal. by May 20. The Harvard Alumni Associa- Students from families earning between The allegations of corruption and dis- tion has already proposed a slate of eight $65,000 and $150,000 receive a fnancial aid crimination in admissions are wholly un- strong candidates for the Board of Over- package designed to ensure that no family founded, and mirror allegations raised in a seers with a wide range of talents and is asked to pay more than 10 percent of its lawsuit fled against Harvard by activists expertise. We urge you to consider their

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6 May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Letters candidacies carefully and to select the fve candidates who you think will best serve the interests of Harvard in the years to come. The candidates running on the “Free Harvard, Fair Harvard” slate, while GRADUATE accomplished individuals, are committed to a platform that would disserve the interests of the University about which we all care deeply. TO COMFORT Morgan Chu, J.D. ’76 Partner, Irell & Manella LLP (2014-15) Leila Fawaz, Ph.D. ’79 Professor, The Fletcher School, Tufts (2011-12) Frances Fergusson, Ph.D. ’73, BI ’75 President emerita, Vassar (2007-08) Richard Meserve, J.D. ’75 President emeritus, Carnegie Institution for Science (2012-13) David Oxtoby ’72 President, Pomona (2013-14)

Editor’s note: The years shown indicate each signer’s period of service as president of the Board of Overseers.

Fan Mail Sophia Nguyen’s exquisitely researched and thoughtfully written “Elbow Room” [on the Dark Room Collective of writers, the March-April cover story] was much appreciated. Ken White, M.P.A. ’97 Richmond, Calif.

Sign us up. The current Harvard Magazine (January-February), fnally convinces us, who were dead to pleas to contribute, that we were wrong. In addition to the fne main articles, this issue alone has four highly relevant articles: Jenny Gathright’s is superb, especially her conclusion that she “would rather be awake than blind” (The Under- graduate, page 35). That epitomizes the role of an excellent education, which a big majority of our country lack. Second, the article on the wonderful brass chandelier recalls, Maybe it’s time you graduated from sneakers. again painfully, that Trinity Church in the Give the Un-Sneaker™ a try. Soft leather lining, City of Boston took its down, in the 1930s, custom Vibram® sole and a removable insole make presumably (erroneously) because it was the Hubbard Free the world’s most comfortable shoe. unsafe, a decision that still riles me, who was Trinity’s frst archivist/historian (Trea- sure, on Sanders Theatre’s overhead brass, page 84). Third, my husband and I were at a reunion when the newly chosen dean Henry SAMUELHUBBARD COM Rosovsky spoke to us about his ideas for the Core Curriculum (“Henry the Great,” page 30); we all were very impressed then, The Hubbard Free is available in 19 colors and other styles. 844.482.4800 and we were right! Last, how wonderful that

Harvard Magazine 7 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Letters

Harvard again has (probably with some dis- we found New Harmony, Indiana, Trela’s spectacle,” recounted sension) welcomed Yosvany Terry, explor- beautiful home town and a former utopian a Modern Language ing the Afro-Cuban jazz scene (Harvard community, a place of serenity and charm, Association observer. Visit harvardmag. Portrait, page 25); the music department of one that periodically restored our engines Graduate students com for additional IN 1926, a group of alumni came The World’s Greatest University has come and enabled us to reflect on our priorities. in my lily-white his- letters. a long way from the days when it would not Trela’s classmates, and Harvard/Radcliffe tory department in together to form the Harvard recognize performance as worthy of study. alums alike, would do well to ask him to 1950 greeted newcomers with the query, together to form the Harvard Send us a bill. tell them about the Hoosier State, just as “Who’s your white man?” Master and Bettina A. Norton (Uxor, John M. ’56) he suggests in his closing line. slave are unproblematic terms for automo- College Fund, united in the belief Boston Ellen Ehrlich ’56 and Tom Ehrlich ’56 tive cylinders, electrical sockets, and com- Palo Alto puter appliances. To replace “master” with that supporting the College with Flyover-State Facts an anodyne moniker uncursed by conno- that supporting the College with Bailey Trela’s “Kid from a Flyover State” Curriculum Redesign tations of power and servility fosters the (The Undergraduate, March-April, page 25) A courageous redesign (“General Edu- delusion that academe is a color-blind, a gift, no matter the size, was a reminded me of one small moment during cation, Downsized,” March-April, page 22) egalitarian oasis. my years at Harvard. would have focused on streamlining an un- Squeamish ex-masters claim, “Our job responsibility shared by all alumni. I, too, was from a Flyover State: Min- dergraduate curriculum that could be de- is to not have any impediments to doing responsibility shared by all alumni. nesota. I, too, was proud of my Flyover livered in three years instead of four. Such our job…to wrap our arms around 400- State and annoyed by those who saw the a move would reduce tuition cost; leverage plus students and create a community country between the coasts as thousands digital-delivery opportunities; and, most for them. We don’t want barriers to that of miles of big empty nothingness—as importantly, show leadership in an industry relationship.” This infantilizes Harvard. A Many things have changed in in Saul Steinberg’s famous “View of the whose archaic infrastructure is crumbling. university is not a nursery nor a shelter for World from Ninth Avenue” cover for The Dr. Charles A. Morrissey, M.B.A. ’62 people to feel comfortable in, with their 90 years, but one thing has not: New Yorker. Irvine, Calif. sensibilities undisturbed. It is “a forum for 90 years, but one thing has not: One evening at dinner, in the Leverett the provocative, the disturbing, and the House dining hall, a classmate from West- Jack Reardon unorthodox,” to cite the historian C. Vann when alumni come together, port, Connecticut, rejected my assertion What a delightful surprise to see that Woodward. that he and many of his fellow-Easterners Jack Reardon’s portrait turned out so well Barriers are to be confronted, not elimi- they make a powerful impact on were a provincial crowd, mostly ignorant (“‘Our John Harvard,’” March-April, page nated. The masters’ (or resident tutors’) they make a powerful impact on of American geography. He invited me to 67). Jack was manager of the hockey team, main job is mental stimulus. Rather than put him to the test. of which I was a member, in the late ’50s, wishing away impediments, students lives and scholarship at Harvard. I was happy to do so. I said: “Which and he was actually a “presence” more than should be challenged to master them. To state is directly west of Minnesota?” a manager. He was an integral part of the do so they must engage with ideas and val- (There are two correct answers, as some team, and we thought of him as nothing less, ues of their own and other times and cul- of you know: North Dakota and South Da- nothing more. Whatever he was supposed tures they may fnd abhorrent, distressing, alumni.harvard.edu/hcf90 kota. I was being generous, giving him two to do was done without anyone else think- even offensive. shots at getting it right.) ing much about it. We were all too preoc- David Lowenthal ’44 He sat there, silent. He did not know. cupied to appreciate his contributions, but Berkeley, Calif. I told him I’d give him a clue: It wasn’t that is often the case of things being well Idaho. I thought he might say: “Montana?” done. Jack stood out by ftting in. I strongly oppose abandoning the Har- He said: “Washington?” Dick Fischer ’59, J.D. ’63 vard Law School (HLS) shield. This is politi- Dan Kelly ’75 Stillwater, Okla. cal correctness run amok. The shield has ab- Hopkins, Minn. solutely no connection to, or connotation of House Master, Law School support for, slavery. Nor does it even contain Much applause for Trela and his splen- Shield a likeness of a member of the Royall family. did essay. It is full of wistful insights and Harvard ditches the term “Master” as If we accept the reasoning that led to loaded with wise truths about those who racist and misogynist (see “Debating Diver- this recommendation, we would have to grew up on one coast and know about the sity,” March-April, page 17, and harvardmag. take George Washington, the founder of other, but view the country’s vast midsec- com/masters-16). The angst is new. (When our country, off the $1 bill, and out of the tion as unexplored territory. We graduat- my cousin Barbara Rosenkrantz ’44 became flag of the State of Washington, as well as ed together 60 years ago from Radcliffe and Harvard’s frst female master, at Currier, in rename the capital of our nation. Harvard, and after 58 years of marriage still 1974, the worry was what to call her hus- The recommendation also smells of remember the phenomenon he describes, band. “Just call me Paul,” he said.) Slavery hypocrisy. If the Royall family really is even more stark then than today. One of us, was long a common trope among historians, deemed to be so repugnant that its crest Ellen, grew up in Chicago, and had to tutor economists, anthropologists, and English must be expunged from HLS’s shield, how the other, Tom, raised in Boston, about the teachers. can Harvard hold on to the funds that are Midwest and its values. Years later, when Their annual meetings were “slave mar- the proceeds of Isaac Royall Jr.’s donation Tom was president of Indiana University, kets” for recruitment, “a frenzied and cruel to the school? In- (please turn to page 83)

THE HARVARD CAMPAIGN FOR ARTS AND SCIENCES | MAY/JUNE 2016 8 May - June 2016 THE HARVARD CAMPAIGN FOR ARTS AND SCIENCES | MAY/JUNE 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746

Untitled-3 1 3/25/16 1:58 PM IN 1926, a group of alumni came together to form the Harvard College Fund, united in the belief that supporting the College with a gift, no matter the size, was a responsibility shared by all alumni. Many things have changed in 90 years, but one thing has not: when alumni come together, they make a powerful impact on lives and scholarship at Harvard. alumni.harvard.edu/hcf90

THE HARVARD CAMPAIGN FOR ARTS AND SCIENCES | MAY/JUNE 2016 THE HARVARD CAMPAIGN FOR ARTS AND SCIENCES | MAY/JUNE 2016

Untitled-3 1 3/25/16 1:58 PM Memorable Moments EXTRAORDINARY Among the students who are grateful for Harvard’s fi nancial aid program is Caie Kelley ’18, a sophomore from Orinda, California, currently residing in OPPORTUNITIES Winthrop House. Raised by a single working mom, Kelley was thrilled to be accepted at Harvard—where she knew she’d fi nd peers interested in everything from the humanities to engineering to public service—and to receive such generous fi nancial assistance. “Harvard’s aid package far exceeded the other comparable schools, “ We want to show our and it was cheaper to attend than the University of California,” she says. “I did not expect coming here to appreciation to Harvard be so doable.” e program has opened doors to unforgettable experi- for the life-changing ences and friendships, giving Kelley fi nancial fl exibility to explore and grow. She has learned from outstanding experiences we had.” faculty in her economics concentration and beyond. —CHUCKRA P. CHAI ’95 She studied in Venice through Harvard Summer School last year. She examined inequality faced by university students in Hong Kong, visiting through the Harvard College in Asia Program. She writes for the Harvard Crimson, co-founded a new student magazine, and is “I WOULDN’T BE HERE WITHOUT FINANCIAL AID,” SAYS CAIE KELLEY ’18, CHUCKRA (CHUCK) P. CHAI ’95 arrived at Harvard Scholarship Fund honors Chai’s parents, Suchet and active in Harvard Undergraduate Women in Business, A SOPHOMORE FROM CALIFORNIA WHO IS STUDYING ECONOMICS College from San Jose, California, one suitcase in hand Surerat Chai, who emigrated from ailand, settled an organization that provides programming for aspiring WITH A SECONDARY FIELD IN GLOBAL HEALTH AND HEALTH POLICY. and eager to start his freshman year. “I had never visited in California, and made numerous fi nancial sacrifi ces female business leaders. She is contributing fi nancially campus, and I remember an amazing sense of wonder- so their son could attend Harvard. to her education through a work-study job. ment. Harvard was a series of fi rsts for me,” Chai says. help someone who wouldn’t have been able to attend “ ere are so many amazing students who have big dreams Kelley relishes the sense of connection and community otherwise, that was really exciting,” Siriwatwechakul As an undergraduate, he lived in Lowell House and and who aspire to do great things in society,” Chai says. the College off ers, including sharing meals in the says. “I feel goose bumps thinking about it.” e couple studied economics, served on the business board of “We want them to have the same life-changing oppor- Winthrop dining hall with her enthusiastic and accessible met through work in Asia and spend time in both the Harvard Lampoon, managed the Hasty Pudding tunities that we had at Harvard without fi nances being advisors. “ e most growth for me has come during late Atherton, California, and Bangkok, ailand. He is theater, and earned a varsity letter on the sailing an issue.” nights, sitting on the couch with a couple of friends president of Hillspire LLC, an investment management team—even though Chai had never sailed and could and talking, and being with people who think diff er- Harvard’s leading fi nancial aid program helps Harvard company, and she is a former engineer and management barely swim prior to coming to college. “Harvard was ently from me,” Kelley refl ects. “ e diversity in the attract extraordinary students and ensures that every consultant who now cares for their two young sons. everything I had ever dreamed of and hoped for,” Chai community is what makes Harvard, Harvard. Having admitted student can attend, regardless of his or her says. “It helped shape me as a person. I really grew people from many perspectives and economic back- Chai also gives back as a volunteer co-chair for the economic circumstances. More than half of current up at Harvard.” grounds lends a richness to the campus and culture.” Class of 1995 Gift Committee. “It’s a great way to undergraduates receive need-based fi nancial aid, and reconnect with classmates,” he explains. “We’re all so To express their appreciation for the opportunities many graduate with little or no college debt, since stu- Unique Community busy, and this gives us a chance to step back, remember Harvard has given them, Chai and his wife, Mon dents are not required to take out loans. is remarkable what Harvard has meant to us, and think about how Siriwatwechakul MBA ’02, established a scholarship program is sustained by alumni philanthropy, from For Chai and Siriwatwechakul, being able to enhance we can continue to support this unique community.” around Chai’s 20th Harvard College Reunion last endowed scholarships to annual gifts of any size. Harvard’s diversity through their scholarship fund is year. The Chai-Siriwatwechakul Undergraduate rewarding. “When Chuck and I were in a position to FAS 16-391 PHOTOS: COURTESY OF CHUCKRA P. CHAI AND CAIE KELLEY

THE HARVARD CAMPAIGN FOR ARTS AND SCIENCES | VISIT CAMPAIGN.HARVARD.EDU/FAS MAY/JUNE 2016

FAS 16-391 Hmag_MayJune_3_23.indd 1 3/25/16 1:08 PM FAS 16-391 Hmag_MayJune_3_23.indd 2 3/25/16 1:09 PM Memorable Moments EXTRAORDINARY Among the students who are grateful for Harvard’s fi nancial aid program is Caie Kelley ’18, a sophomore from Orinda, California, currently residing in OPPORTUNITIES Winthrop House. Raised by a single working mom, Kelley was thrilled to be accepted at Harvard—where she knew she’d fi nd peers interested in everything from the humanities to engineering to public service—and to receive such generous fi nancial assistance. “Harvard’s aid package far exceeded the other comparable schools, “ We want to show our and it was cheaper to attend than the University of California,” she says. “I did not expect coming here to appreciation to Harvard be so doable.” e program has opened doors to unforgettable experi- for the life-changing ences and friendships, giving Kelley fi nancial fl exibility to explore and grow. She has learned from outstanding experiences we had.” faculty in her economics concentration and beyond. —CHUCKRA P. CHAI ’95 She studied in Venice through Harvard Summer School last year. She examined inequality faced by university students in Hong Kong, visiting through the Harvard College in Asia Program. She writes for the Harvard Crimson, co-founded a new student magazine, and is “I WOULDN’T BE HERE WITHOUT FINANCIAL AID,” SAYS CAIE KELLEY ’18, CHUCKRA (CHUCK) P. CHAI ’95 arrived at Harvard Scholarship Fund honors Chai’s parents, Suchet and active in Harvard Undergraduate Women in Business, A SOPHOMORE FROM CALIFORNIA WHO IS STUDYING ECONOMICS College from San Jose, California, one suitcase in hand Surerat Chai, who emigrated from ailand, settled an organization that provides programming for aspiring WITH A SECONDARY FIELD IN GLOBAL HEALTH AND HEALTH POLICY. and eager to start his freshman year. “I had never visited in California, and made numerous fi nancial sacrifi ces female business leaders. She is contributing fi nancially campus, and I remember an amazing sense of wonder- so their son could attend Harvard. to her education through a work-study job. ment. Harvard was a series of fi rsts for me,” Chai says. help someone who wouldn’t have been able to attend “ ere are so many amazing students who have big dreams Kelley relishes the sense of connection and community otherwise, that was really exciting,” Siriwatwechakul As an undergraduate, he lived in Lowell House and and who aspire to do great things in society,” Chai says. the College off ers, including sharing meals in the says. “I feel goose bumps thinking about it.” e couple studied economics, served on the business board of “We want them to have the same life-changing oppor- Winthrop dining hall with her enthusiastic and accessible met through work in Asia and spend time in both the Harvard Lampoon, managed the Hasty Pudding tunities that we had at Harvard without fi nances being advisors. “ e most growth for me has come during late Atherton, California, and Bangkok, ailand. He is theater, and earned a varsity letter on the sailing an issue.” nights, sitting on the couch with a couple of friends president of Hillspire LLC, an investment management team—even though Chai had never sailed and could and talking, and being with people who think diff er- Harvard’s leading fi nancial aid program helps Harvard company, and she is a former engineer and management barely swim prior to coming to college. “Harvard was ently from me,” Kelley refl ects. “ e diversity in the attract extraordinary students and ensures that every consultant who now cares for their two young sons. everything I had ever dreamed of and hoped for,” Chai community is what makes Harvard, Harvard. Having admitted student can attend, regardless of his or her says. “It helped shape me as a person. I really grew people from many perspectives and economic back- Chai also gives back as a volunteer co-chair for the economic circumstances. More than half of current up at Harvard.” grounds lends a richness to the campus and culture.” Class of 1995 Gift Committee. “It’s a great way to undergraduates receive need-based fi nancial aid, and reconnect with classmates,” he explains. “We’re all so To express their appreciation for the opportunities many graduate with little or no college debt, since stu- Unique Community busy, and this gives us a chance to step back, remember Harvard has given them, Chai and his wife, Mon dents are not required to take out loans. is remarkable what Harvard has meant to us, and think about how Siriwatwechakul MBA ’02, established a scholarship program is sustained by alumni philanthropy, from For Chai and Siriwatwechakul, being able to enhance we can continue to support this unique community.” around Chai’s 20th Harvard College Reunion last endowed scholarships to annual gifts of any size. Harvard’s diversity through their scholarship fund is year. The Chai-Siriwatwechakul Undergraduate rewarding. “When Chuck and I were in a position to FAS 16-391 PHOTOS: COURTESY OF CHUCKRA P. CHAI AND CAIE KELLEY

THE HARVARD CAMPAIGN FOR ARTS AND SCIENCES | VISIT CAMPAIGN.HARVARD.EDU/FAS MAY/JUNE 2016

FAS 16-391 Hmag_MayJune_3_23.indd 1 3/25/16 1:08 PM FAS 16-391 Hmag_MayJune_3_23.indd 2 3/25/16 1:09 PM Right Now The expanding Harvard universe

sharing jobs, equalizing pay pay disparities are created primarily by outright discrimination by employers, or by women’s lack of negotiation skills. Reassessing the Goldin has a less popular idea: that the pay gap arises not because men and women are paid differently for the same work, but be- Gender Wage Gap cause the labor market incentivizes them to work differently. Consider a couple graduating together t’s deceptively easy to calculate how cents to the dollar. “It’s very simple.” from a prestigious law school, and taking much—or how little—women in the “It answers a particular question,” she highly paid jobs at firms that demand long United States earn relative to men. “You says, “but it doesn’t say that men and hours. The evidence suggests they’re likely to I take everyone who’s working 35 or more women are doing the same thing. It doesn’t begin at similar salaries. But a few years later, hours a week for the full year, find the me- say that they’re working the same amount Goldin says, one of them—more likely the dian for women, find the median for men, of time, the same hours during the day, or woman—may decide to leave for a smaller and divide,” says Lee professor of economics the same days of the week.” The rhetoric of practice with fewer hours and more flexibil- Claudia Goldin, explaining how to arrive politicians, and policy prescriptions meant ity in scheduling. In that new job, research at the ratio repeated by public officials: 78 to close the gender wage gap, assume that suggests, she’s likely to earn less per hour than her partner. Goldin calls this phenomenon non-linearity, or a part-time penalty: the part-timer works half the time her partner does, but earns less than half his salary. It isn’t clear, she says, why firms compensate on a non-linear scale in the first place. “Why would anyone pay for that?” she asks. Apart from scenarios in which a client might want a lawyer available at all hours, day or night—during a merger or acquisition, say—and must offer a hefty premium for that unrestricted access, she says, “It’s a question I don’t have a particularly good answer to.” Non-linear compensation prevails in the corporate sector, finance, and law, where employees are incentivized to work double or triple a traditional full- time schedule, because their time is better compensated per hour when they work longer hours. That compensation structure makes it more lucrative for one partner to work 80 hours and the other not to work at all than for both of them to work 40 hours each. If both partners opt for 40- hour weeks so they can share responsibili-

12 May - June 2016 Illustration by Adam Niklewicz Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 WE HELP THOSE WHO DO GOOD DO WELL.

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160514_TIAA-CREF.indd 1 3/18/16 3:02 PM Right Now ties at home, Goldin says, “lots of money is want the president of the United States to fix what she sees as a labor-demand prob- going to be left on the table,” which is why be a part-time president.” lem. Creating an egalitarian workplace, she believes so many couples don’t. As for policy interventions to close the she believes, will depend primarily on re- Non-linearity helps explain why most gender earnings gap—a California law ducing the cost of offering time flexibility of the gender pay gap occurs within pro- makes it illegal to retaliate against em- to workers—securing equal pay for equal fessions, Goldin adds. The distribution of ployees for sharing information about work, in the strictest sense. men and women in different occupations their pay, for example—“That’s probably vmarina bolotnikova accounts for only 15 percent of the gap, and a good thing,” Goldin says. “If the fruit is the remaining 85 percent arises within oc- low-hanging, by all means pick it.” But she claudia goldin website: cupations. (For college graduates, those balks at the suggestion that regulation can scholar.harvard.edu/goldin/home numbers are 35 percent and 65 percent, respectively.) In science and health professions, though, workers are more likely diet debate to be compensated at a constant rate for additional time worked, and the ratio of women’s earnings to men’s is higher— Are All Calories Equal? about .892. For occupations in business and finance, the ratio is .787, and for lawyers, .815, closer to the national gender wage gap. ow fat. Low carb. Veg- Improvements in technology have made an. Atkins. Paleo. South it easier for some health and science profes- Beach. Zone. As television sions to substitute workers for one another L shows, magazine covers, in a single job, which reduces the cost to podcasts, and books release an companies of offering a flexible-hours op- endless flood of diet advice, the tion to employees. Goldin calls pharmacy average person finds it difficult at “the most egalitarian profession” because best to know how to find a sus- it shows nearly perfectly linear compen- tainable method of weight loss. sation and one of the smallest gender pay The latest scientific debate in the gaps of any field. “Pharmacy has no part- world of nutrition is no less heat- time penalty,” she says. Structural changes, ed: are all calories created equal? such as centralized computer records and David Ludwig, professor of standardization of drugs, allow one phar- pediatrics at Harvard Medical macist to take over easily for another with- School and of nutrition at the out compromising the quality of work. School of Public Health, who And because it’s easy for pharmacists to specializes in endocrinology and work part-time, women are less likely to obesity, rejects the popular belief have to leave their jobs to care for their that overeating causes weight families, a decision that can make it diffi- gain. Instead, he asserts, the pro- cult to reenter the workforce later. cess of getting fatter causes peo- Goldin believes other fields could nar- ple to overeat. Even though many row their gender wage gaps, too, if they biological factors—genetics, lev- did not have an incentive to pay workers els of physical activity, sleep, and disproportionately more for working more. stress—affect the storage of cal- How to induce change in the labor market ories in fat cells, he points out isn’t obvious. Why can’t you convince cli- that only one has a dominant ents, she asks, that your employees are like role: the hormone insulin. “We puzzle pieces, each knowing everything know that excess insulin treat- the others know, so they’re good substi- ment for diabetes causes weight tutes for each other? “As their labor costs gain, and insulin deficiency causes weight lipase—an enzyme needed for the transfer mount,” she suggests, firms “will figure loss,” he says. “And of everything we eat, of triglycerides from blood lipoproteins out how to make workers better substi- highly refined and rapidly digestible car- into tissues—to be turned off. This causes tutes for each other,” Technological change bohydrates produce the most insulin.” more calories to be stored in fat cells as might also play a role, doing for law, per- Ludwig argues that eating a diet high in opposed to the blood, leading the brain to haps, what it’s done for health professions, refined sugars and processed carbohydrates think that the body is hungry. and making it easier for lawyers to hand leads to a yo-yo metabolism. When people “Insulin is the ultimate fat-cell fertilizer,” off clients to one another. But in some cas- eat high-glycemic processed fare such as Ludwig says. “When fat cells get triggered es, Goldin concedes, it may not be possible baked goods and white bread, he says, insu- to take in and store too many calories, there to embrace this modular model: “We don’t lin levels spike, causing hormone-sensitive are too few for the rest of the body—that’s

14 May - June 2016 Illustration by Jude Buffum Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Right Now what the brain perceives. We think of obe- weight. But as fat intake decreases, he ar- scale study in collaboration with Fram- sity as a state of excess, but biologically it’s gues, it becomes increasingly difficult to ingham State University: three groups of a state of deprivation, or the state of starva- avoid overeating grains. He notes that even 50 people each are being fed three differ- tion. The brain sees too few calories in the whole grains can cause a spike in the level ent diets during the course of an academ- bloodstream to run metabolism, so it makes of blood sugar if heavily processed, because ic year. The amount of protein for each us hungry. It activates hunger and craving certain processing techniques disrupt the group is fixed at 20 percent, but the fat sensors in the brain, and slows down me- fiber’s natural ability to lower blood-sugar and carbohydrate percentages range from tabolism.” concentration. (They can degrade healthy a very low-fat, high-carbohydrate combi- This combination of rising hunger and natural antioxidants as well.) He therefore nation to exactly the opposite. The study slowing metabolism is a recipe for weight recommends replacing refined carbohy- design, Ludwig says, replicates the 2012 gain, he adds, and explains why only a drates with healthy fats (such as nuts, avo- JAMA study but extends the diet phase very small proportion of people on low- cado, and olive oil) as a more practical and to 5 months in order to study longer-term calorie diets can keep weight off in the long effective solution for most people. adaptation. term. A 2012 study by Ludwig and his col- In a 2015 JAMA article, he and Dariush Ludwig is adamant that animal re- leagues, published in the Journal of the Ameri- Mozaffarian, now dean of the Tufts Fried- search, epidemiology, and clinical tri- can Medical Association (JAMA), offered some man School of Nutrition Science and Poli- als show that insulin secretion plays a evidence. It examined 21 overweight and cy, called for the United States to rethink major role in weight, but admits there is obese young adults after they had lost 10 its policies on dietary fat. The pair argued room for converging lines of investigation. to 15 percent of their body weight on diets in a July 2015 op-ed article in The New York “How do these different diets controlled ranging from low-fat to low-carbohydrate. Times that limiting the total amount of di- for calories affect our metabolism, the Despite consuming the same number of etary fat “is an outdated concept, an ob- number of calories being burned? How calories, subjects on the low-carbohydrate stacle to sensible change that promotes do they affect body composition? That’s a diet burned about 325 more calories per harmful low-fat foods, undermines efforts key question,” he says. “If you eat the same day than those on the low-fat diet. to limit refined grains and added sugars, protein and the same calories, but just be- A related debate on whether low-fat and discourages the food industry from de- gin with different proportions of fat and or low-carb diets provide optimal health veloping products higher in healthy fats.” carbohydrates, do you influence…how benefits is still fiercely contested. Ludwig (Ludwig’s own recommendations can be much fat you’re storing versus how much argues that the type of calories you eat can found in his new book, Always Hungry.) lean tissue you have? That’s never been affect the number of calories you burn, and To advance the low-carb versus low-fat well addressed, but it’s a critical scientific that none of this is addressed in the con- debate, Ludwig, founding director of the question.” vlaura levis ventional calorie-in, calorie-out model. His Optimal Weight for Life (OWL) program team observed in its studies that low-fat, at Boston Children’s Hospital and director david ludwig website: high-carbohydrate diets—despite provid- of the New Balance Foundation Obesity www.childrenshospital.org/ ing a surge in energy or calorie availability Prevention Center, is working on a larger- researchers/david-ludwig in the bloodstream for the first hour or so after a meal—cause problems a few hours later, “when all those calories have been melanoma mugshot taken up into storage, and can’t get out as quickly as needed.” Although study after study shows that A Cancer added dietary sugar leads to weight gain, Type II diabetes, and heart disease, Dean Ornish—a leading advocate of low-fat diets Begins and lifestyle changes as ways to prevent and reverse cardiovascular disease—argues that an optimal diet is based primarily on plants: eonard Zon has captured the mo- fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, ment when a single cell first becomes and soy products, with some healthy fats cancerous—and he thinks that means (omega 3 fatty acids), and predominantly an answer to cancer’s origins may be Transparent zebrafish that develop human L melanomas (bottom) facilitate the study of plant-based proteins. Ornish advises avoid- within reach. “We’re close,” he says. If scien- cancer susceptibility and carcinogenesis. ing red meat because of its saturated fat tists can pin down a cancer’s precise causes, content and studies linking it to chronic in- they may be able to develop treatments to His laboratory is filled with tanks of trans- flammation and increased cancer risk. (Lud- stop the disease even before it begins. parent zebrafish (300,000 of them), which wig does not exclude red meat as a healthy Zon, a professor of stem cell and regen- he uses to study skin cancer. Tagged with option, but he also encourages alternatives erative biology in the Faculty of Arts and fluorescent proteins, some fish glow red, such as chicken, fish, and soy products.) Sciences and Grousbeck professor of pedi- others green, enabling him to see what is Ludwig acknowledges that all low- atrics at Harvard Medical School, runs per- happening inside when a melanoma starts fat diets aren’t necessarily bad for body haps the world’s most populous aquarium. to form. These specially bred experimental

Images courtesy Ellen van Rooijen Harvard Magazine 15 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Right Now “We were shocked that there wasn’t more cancer developing. It had to be something else that was causing the cancer to grow.”

to happen,” he continues, “teaching the inside of the cell how to reach a different state. At that point a tumor starts to grow.” The signals would need to be strong, he believes, because the strength of any signal that reaches a particular cell declines

courtesy of charles kaufman rapidly along what is known as a morpho- Researchers tagged a gene known to be mors of adult fish. He and his team tagged genic gradient as it moves from one cell to active in cancer tumors so that it would the gene with a green fluorescent protein the next. Furthermore, four signals need fluoresce when activated, revealing the precise moment when a cancer begins. so that the moment it turned on, any cell to converge on a single cell at exactly the expressing it would literally light up. That same time to convert it to the cancerous fish have also been loaded with human- made it possible to capture the cancer’s state. That’s why cancer formation, he says, cancer-causing oncogenes. According to moment of inception and, critically, to is, fortunately, an extremely rare event. prevailing theory, they should all develop identify any additional genes that “turned He believes his findings will be general- countless melanoma tumors. on” at the same time. izable to other cancers. The cells of a cigar- But they don’t. When Zon first intro- The researchers found that a particular smoker’s mouth, he points out, are bathed duced the human skin-cancer gene into the set of genes, when activated simultaneous- in carcinogens that cause mutations in fish several years ago, they merely developed ly, could reprogram a skin cell, shifting it DNA, predisposing the smoker to cancer moles—dense concentrations of skin cells back to a stem-cell-like state in which the in the same way that Zon’s zebrafish are (melanocytes) that may become cancerous, cancer starts to grow. Scientists have long predisposed to cancer because they carry but are harmless most of the time. He then thought there might be a link between human oncogenes. But that isn’t sufficient took an additional step, turning off the tu- stem cells and cancer, because some cancer to cause a tumor to form. Zon speculates mor-suppressing genes in the fish (“silenc- cells appear to possess the same capacities that the additional triggering event might ing” the genes, in the parlance of molecular that characterize stem cells, which can di- be persistent inflammation or irritation, biology), thinking that would certainly lead vide indefinitely and differentiate through which many studies have linked to cancer. to massive numbers of melanomas. generations to become a variety of differ- Maybe the tobacco juice, or the hot smoke But after several months, each fish devel- ent kinds of cell. But they didn’t know drying mucous membranes, or simply oped only two or three tumors. “We were whether cancer is caused by stem cells. the presence of a cigar hanging from the shocked that there wasn’t more cancer Stem-cell researchers figured out how to mouth, triggers inflammatory biochemical developing,” says Zon. “It had to be some- turn adult cells into stem-cell-like cells in pathways in the body that in turn cause thing else that was causing the cancer to 2006 (when Shinya Yamanaka created the the formation of that first cancerous cell. grow” in those few instances. He suspected first induced pluripotent stem cells). But Now Zon is testing drugs, hoping to find that the culprit was not a mutation, be- cancer, it seems, has been doing this for a one that turns on the gene tagged with cause sequencing 50 tumors failed to turn long time. “The initiating event in cancer,” the green fluorescent protein. That might up a single mutation common to all or even Zon has found, is very much like the cre- provide a clue as to which signaling path- some of them. ation of those induced stem cells, involv- ways—perhaps those involved in inflam- So what caused those tumors to grow? ing “a reprogramming that brings the cell mation and stress—are most useful to study “Every cell in your body has the same back to its roots by activating a set of key further. And if he finds a drug that turns the DNA,” Zon explains. “What makes a cell epigenetic regulators that work on DNA tagged gene off, it might form the basis for an in an eyeball different from a skin cell is to activate and maintain” the cell in its al- anti-cancer therapy—a cream, for example, which genes are turned on or off”—a pro- tered, stem-cell-like state. that could be rubbed on a mole to prevent cess known as epigenetics. He quickly Zon’s lab is already working to identify cancer entirely, stopping the disease before identified a gene that is normally active the environmental factors that turn these it begins. vjonathan shaw only in zebrafish embryos, but which his reprogramming mechanisms on and off. prior analysis of zebrafish tumors indi- “We think there are signals from outside leonard zon website: cated was reactivated in the cancerous tu- the cell that actually direct the process http://zon.tchlab.org

16 May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 SUPPORT HARVARD MAGAZINE

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160549_Fundraising-full_v9.indd 1 4/1/16 3:13 PM Plus &Reunion Commencement Harvard Guide 16H

Nathaniel Hawthorne’s debt to Caroline to Hawthorne’s debt Nathaniel Emmerton AMuse Preserving

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Harvard Cambridge, Boston, and beyond 2

Courtesy of Frank C. Grace, Trig Photography H Feeding the hi-tech the Feeding boom 16V Restaurant Scene Restaurant Portsmouth’s Piscataqua on rides Gundalow 16J annual celebration for Harvard’sA schedule 16R Gallery Addison Andover’s to trip A day 16L arvard Boston filmBoston festival a at romance and Race 16F through June through off campus and on Events 16B

Kendall Square’sKendall River Runs Commencement Commencement Nature and Art Color on Film Color on Film Extracurriculars M agazine 16A Harvard Squared

tudy; tudy; ed S c dvan nstitute for A iffe I cl ad ourtesy of R c architecture, and the important role design bur/ Extracurriculars plays in communities. (June 3-5) l atika Wi Events on and off campus during May and June Make Music Harvard Square

www.harvardsquare.com useum; M useum SeaSonal to dozens of sites in Greater Boston—such Bands play everything, from children’s songs, rt M c M

Common Boston 2016 as the Strand Theatre, Vilna Shul, and Ayer Celtic tunes, and opera to rap, rock, and folk, ose A emiti www.commonboston.org Mansion—that may be hidden, typically on outdoor stages. (June 18)

The Boston Society of Architects’ BSA Foun- closed to the public, or otherwise over- arvard S dation offers free, behind-the-scenes access looked. The focus is on culture, history, and theater American Repertory Theater ourtesy of the R From left: Rosalyn Drexler’s The Winner (1965), at The Rose Art Museum; from works by Matika Wilbur, at the Johnson-Kulukundis Family Gallery; and a model of the gold-foiled www.americanrepertorytheater.org ourtesy of the H rom c Left: c throne of Egyptian Queen Hetepheres, at the Harvard Semitic Museum The TEAM, a Brooklyn-based troupe that F

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Spotlight et T hy/ ll p a ra

FilM On June 11, the Eighth Annual Dance for g ateo B ateo

The Harvard Film archive World Community Festival in Cambridge hoto s p www.hcl.harvard.edu/hfa will feature more than 80 troupes from l Time and Place are Nonsense! Greater Boston, as well as 30 drop-in pub- es danie The Cinema According to Seijun Suzuki. lic classes. “This is an opportunity to see l ourtesy of José M har c This retrospective of the Japanese director, and try something new,” says Julie Yen ’14, c known for infusing his films with absurdist associate director of community programs nates in a popular public dance party (until elements, is presented in partnership with at José Mateo Ballet Theatre, which orga- 8 p.m.) with a live band. the Brattle Theatre. (May 13-June 2) nizes the event. “Dance is a force that brings The week also includes a panel discus- people together. Everyone can dance—and sion and workshops with local dance lead- naTuRe anD SCienCe it’s a ton of fun.” The performance roster ers and advocates, followed by the “Dance The Harvard-Smithsonian includes Origination (hip-hop and modern), on Film Series” at the Brattle Theatre. Center for Astrophysics Chhandika/Chhandam Institute of Kathak Dance for World Community, a project www.cfa.harvard.edu/publicevents Dance, Salsa y Control Dance Company, created by company founder José Mateo, “The New Cosmos: Answering Astronomy’s Kinetic Synergy, Boston Swing Central, and aims to direct the “underutilized power” Biggest Questions,” with author and Astron- the Hip Hop Mamas. All of the classes are of the art form “to improve the social and omy magazine editor David J. Eicher. (May 19) geared for beginners, Yen adds: “You don’t environmental health of our communities, need to have any experience, or have the locally and beyond.” As Yen puts it: “The The Arnold Arboretum right clothes, and it’s all free.” The events festival celebrates dance and how it can be www.arboretum.harvard.edu take place from noon to 6 p.m. on stages and used as a force for change.” vn.p.b. Graphite works by Kyle Browne, on display floors both inside and outside the Mateo in TimeLine(s): Drawing Nature, capture company’s home at Old Cambridge Baptist José Mateo Ballet Theatre incremental changes in plants over time. Church on Massachusetts Avenue at the www.ballettheatre.org/dance-for-world- (Through July 3) edge of Harvard Square; the festival culmi- community

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16D May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746

160503_LuxBondGreen.indd 1 3/7/16 11:46 AM 160503_LuxBondGreen.indd 1 3/7/16 11:46 AM Harvard Squared

exhibitions & events Harvard Museum of Natural History The Harvard Semitic Museum www.hmnh.harvard.edu www.semiticmuseum.fas.harvard.edu “Are We Smart Enough to Know to Our Valued Advertising Partners Recreating the Throne of Egyptian How Smart Animals Are?” A discus- Black Ink Queen Hetepheres highlights the repro- sion with primatologist Frans de Waal, duction of a circa 2550 b.c. chair, based on Candler professor of psychology and direc- Boston Ballet fragments discovered in an underground tor of the Living Links Center at the Yerkes Bob Slate Stationary chamber at the site of the Giza pyramids in National Primate Center, Emory Univer- Brookhaven at Lexington 1925 by the Harvard University-Boston sity, and Vicki Croke, author of Elephant Museum of Fine Arts Expedition. Company. (May 12) Cadbury Commons Cambridge USA The Charles Hotel Staff Pick:The Roxbury Coldwell Banker / Barbara Currier International Film Festival Coldwell Banker / Gail Roberts Soul On Ice, Past, Present, and Future, by Canadian Coldwell Banker/ filmmaker Damon Kwame Mason, explores the histo- Spencer & Lauren Lane ry of black hockey athletes, from the Coloured Hock- ey League in the Canadian Maritimes in the 1800s, Compass Realty to centerman Herb Carnegie, commonly called “the Edgewood best black player never to play in the NHL,” and Willie Fresh Pond Ballet O’Ree, who debuted with the Boston Bruins in 1958. The film won the People’s Choice Award for best Gibson Sotheby’s International feature at the Edmonton International Film Festival, Global Interior Design and should be a top draw during the eighteenth an- Goddard House nual Roxbury International Film Festival in Boston (June 22-30). Held at the Museum of Fine Arts, the Goorin Bros. event highlights works by emerging and established Hammond / Brattle Office independent filmmakers of color, particularly those Hammond / Carol & Myra based in New England, and includes Q & A sessions, Stills from Gracie (above), panel discussions, workshops, and parties with the Soul on Ice, Past, Present, and Half Crown Design Future, and A Ferguson filmmakers and other guest artists. Story—all are playing at the Harvest / Himmel Group Also on this year’s lineup is the 12-minute short film Boston event International School of Boston Gracie, by the young London writer and director Mat- thew Jacobs Morgan, and A Ferguson Story, directed by award-winning filmmaker Lon- Irving House Roxbury International Film Festival nie Edwards. Gracie is based partly on auto- Lux Bond & Green www.roxburyinternationalfilmfestival.com biographical events and tenderly reflects on McLean Hospital June 22-30 the nature of memory and reality through a boy’s efforts to help his mentally im- Oona’s Boston paired grandmother get “back” to her Premier Dental native Jamaica. A Ferguson Story offers Rebekah Brooks Studio “a unique perspective on police aggres- sion and the events following the tragic Salt & Olive death of Mike Brown,” says festival di- Sotheby’s /Amanda Armstrong rector Lisa Simmons, who is also pres- Thompson Island - ident of the nonprofit Color of Film Outward Bound Professional Collaborative that runs the festival. The “affect of the world two years l estiva

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before the festival will have a bearing l i Bobbi Flake Reed on the films submitted,” she explains, F Welch & Forbes because it’s taken that much time (if not longer) for them to be made. “Interestingly,” she Support from these advertisers adds, given the cultural and political climate and l nternationa helps us produce the independent,

movements, such as Black Lives Matter, “this year I oxbury high-quality publication Harvard alumni there are a number of romantic comedies and rely on for information about relationship films, as well as films that deal with the University and each other. race, culture, identity, and education.” vn.p.b. 88 R the of Courtesy 16F May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Harvard Squared

Glass Flowers Soirée. Celebrate the opening of the refurbished gallery that holds the Ware Collection of Blaschka Glass Models of Plants with an evening of cocktails, music, and strolls through the museum’s 16 exhibitions. Must be age 21 and older to attend. (June 22) Everywhen: The Collection of Historical Scientific Instruments www.chsi.harvard.edu The Eternal Present Radio Contact: Tuning In to Politics, Technology, and Culture examines U.S. broadcast communications, from ham radios and underground networks to the reports of Edward R. Murrow and the advent of podcasts (see page 84). in

Harvard Art Museums Indigenous www.harvardartmuseums.org Beyond Bosch: The Afterlife of a Re- Art from naissance Master in Print offers works by artists influenced by the Netherlandish Australia fantasist. (Through May 8) February 5–September 18, 2016 Johnson-Kulukundis Family Gallery harvardartmuseums.org #Everywhen www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/event/2016- matika-wilbur-exhibition Exhibition by Photographer Matika Wil- bur explores historic and contemporary experiences of Native American women through images and oral narratives. Byerly Hall, Radcliffe Yard. (Through May 28)

Schlesinger Library www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/schlesinger- library/exhibit/language-hear-myself-feminist-poets-speak “A Language to Hear Myself”: Feminist Poets Speak looks at links between political action and poetry of the women’s movement in the 1960s and 1970s through works by June Jordan, Eve Merriam, Honor Moore ’67, Adrienne Rich ’51, Litt.D. ’90, and Jean Valentine ’56, BI ’68. (Through June 17)

The Rose Art Museum www.brandeis.edu/rose/onview/ spring2016/rosalyndrexler.html Rosalyn Drexler: Who Does She Think She Is? A retrospective of the Pop artist Atlifecare Brookhaven living is as good as it looks. includes major paintings and collages, as Brookhaven at Lexington offers an abundance of opportunities for well as early sculptures, photographs, vid- intellectual growth, artistic expression and personal wellness. Our residents eos, and samples of her novels and plays. share your commitment to live a vibrant lifestyle in a lovely community. (Through June 5) Call today to set up an appointment for a tour!

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Harvard Magazine 16G Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 explorations Preserving a Muse Nathaniel Hawthorne’s debt to Caroline Emmerton by nell porter brown

he House of the Seven Gables, in Salem, Massachu- setts, would not be T Clockwise, from top the popular incarnation of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s 1851 left: Gardens soften the stark look of the gothic tale of inherited sins if Colonial-era House not for philanthropist Caroline of the Seven Gables; Osgood Emmerton. In 1908 she the restored parlor bought the harbor-side prop- with period furnish- ings, c. 1820, and the erty to shrewdly combine her “great chamber,” two principal causes: historic c. 1720; a sketch of preservation and social welfare. Notably, they also created the Caroline Emmerton in her later years, by She hired Colonial Revivalist architect fictional Hepzibah Pyncheon’s an unknown artist; the Joseph Everett Chandler, fresh from his Cent Shop on the first floor, which attic, where the bones work on the Paul Revere House in Bos- never existed outside Hawthorne’s of the house reveal its age ton, to help her save the 1668 timber-frame imagination. structure, then known as the Turner-In- The house museum opened for public cles of Three Old Houses (1935), “must gersoll Mansion, from being demolished. tours in 1910, and Emmerton funneled the surely help in making American citizens of They restored it—replacing four gables, admissions fees into a settlement house, our boys and girls.” the central chimney, and added the “se- offering educational and social services, in- Today’s visitors to the site can learn cret staircase”—to reflect some features spired by those established decades earlier not only about Hawthorne’s provocative described by the Salem-born author, who in Chicago and London. “The historical and perspective on American history and an had presumably visited the house when it literary associations of the old houses,” she emerging national character, but also about was owned by his relatives, the Ingersolls. wrote in her one published work, The Chroni- the social changes wrought by industrial

16H May - June 2016 Photographs courtesy of Frank C. Grace, Trig Photography Portrait courtesy of The House of the Seven Gables Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 1730 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge, MA 02138 617 245-4044

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forces in the early twentieth century. Now owned by the nonprofit House of Seven Gables Settlement Asso- ciation, the trust Emmerton set up before she died in 1942, the two-and-a-half– acre property has expansive views of the harbor and is

open year-round. The Ga- es bles house itself represents Emmerton (standing, at left) during a l ouse ouse more than three centuries needlework class at the Seamen’s Bethel; the Gables’ Cent Shop (above) around of architectural styles and history, and six a gift shop, were moved there and restored 1910, when the museum opened even Gab other buildings on the grounds date from by Emmerton. The Nathaniel Hawthorne of the S 1655 to roughly 1830. Birth Home (c. 1750), where he lived until free to roam the birthplace, which features H the of c ouresy The Hooper-Hathaway House (1682) and 1808, was added in 1958. There is a 45-minute the only extant portrait of Hawthorne’s fa- Retire Beckett House (1655), now used as guided tour of the Gables, and visitors are ther (a sea captain who died when the au-

Curiosities: River Runs

Gundalows are wide, flat-bottomed, wooden boats that first appeared in the mid 1600s on the Piscataqua River, which separates Portsmouth, New Hampshire, from Maine. Settlers built them to transport harvested crops, furs, dried fish, and lumber to the Atlantic Ocean, following the rhythm of the tides. (Fed by six other rivers that run through inland towns such as Exeter, Durham, and Dover, the Piscataqua is the second-fastest-flowing navigable waterway in

Scenic trips along the Piscataqua River highlight the region’s any

the country after the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest.) p For more than 250 years, until supplanted by the more reli- ecology and maritime history—along with the beauty of sailing. w Com o able, year-round capability of trains, these handcrafted, barge-like uratively, for thinking about the human impact on the estuary and l

boats were unique to the region—and instrumental in its growth, how we can be stewards of the land and the river,” says Bolster. unda says Molly Bolster, executive director of the Gundalow Company. “The idea is that if people experience it, they will take care of it.” any p The nonprofit organization offers educational and recreational The early gundalows (possibly named for the Venetian “gon- Com w o river tours from Prescott Park in downtown Portsmouth on the dola,” Bolster says) were powered by poles and long sweeps ourtesy of the g Piscataqua, the gundalow replica it launched in 2012. Most of the (oars), but by the 1800s the boats resembled the Piscataqua, c l unda oto/

trips last 90 minutes and run down to the mouth of the river, past which has a full deck, a cabin, and a lateen sail easily lowered to H the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard and the long-vacant federal prison pass under bridges. By then, too, they were carrying commer-

known as “the castle,” to just beyond the U.S. Coast Guard sta- cial loads of up to 50 tons: raw cotton and spices were brought ear eye P ourtesy of the g the of ourtesy

c tion at the tip of New Castle, New Hampshire—“within sight of in, while fresh produce, fish, oysters, salt-marsh hay, coal, and / g the Isles of Shoals,” Bolster says, “at least on a clear day.” “finished goods,” such as bricks, granite, and cordwood, Bolster cl urray, oran

There are sunset sails with wine and cheese; cruises featuring says, were transferred out to ocean-worthy schooners bound M avid h M h D a lp shanty singers and lectures on maritime and natural history; and for burgeoning metropolises like Boston. R field trips for students The last known commercial gundalow was the Fanny M, built learning about ecology. and captained by Edward H. Adams and launched in 1886. Rid- An occasional inland ing on the Piscataqua, it’s easy to see why Adams, who died in foray heads upriver into 1950, was a pioneering proponent of environmental health even Great Bay, a national es- decades after the Fanny M was beached, around 1910. The boat tuarine research reserve sits low in the water, offering little to buffer passengers from that is home to flora and freewheeling currents, the wind and fauna partial to brackish- The Gundalow Company sun, fresh salt spray, and, Bolster says, a www.gundalow.org ness. “The Piscataqua is a sense of never-ending sky as they travel Memorial Day weekend platform, literally and fig- on “gundalow time.” vn.p.b. through late October

16J May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Harvard Squared thor was three), first editions of his books and pages from a few manuscripts, artwork by his wife, Sophia Peabody, and the desk on which he wrote The Scarlet Letter and The House of the Seven Gables. Staff are on hand to talk about Hawthorne, his life and literary legacy—and about Salem’s multifarious past. The seaside lawn and abundant historic gardens include the central Jacobean- knot-style planted beds, designed and laid out by Chandler in 1909, and a wisteria ar- • Two Acres of Secure bor added in the 1920s. and Walking Paths Built by Captain John Turner in 1668, the COME FOR A VISIT. MEET OUR STAFF. FitnessEXPERIENCE and Social Events THE• PrivateCOMMUNITY. Studios now Gables was soon expanded to 14 rooms— Inclusive Community • * Short Term Stays thus becoming one of the grandest homes Teaching the World® A Not-For Profit in the region at the time. It is now the Assisted Living Community only wooden house of its size and age to • Daily165 FitnessCHESTNUT and STREET, Social BROOKLINE Events survive in the United States. (The asso- WWW.GODDARDHOUSE.ORG •LANCEA Warm, CHAPMAN Inclusive AT 617-731-8500 Community EXT. 105 ciation is raising funds to refurbish two • Lecture Series/Visiting Professors long-unused rooms on the second floor EXPLORE THE WORLD • Two Acres of Secure Gardens that feature the original wide-pine-plank IN A CREATIVE AND and Walking Paths floors, hand-forged nails, and an exposed CARING ENVIRONMENT. • Special Memory Care Neighborhood gunstock post.) • 1-BR & Studio Apts Available *Short Term Stays Available Pre-K to 12th This year also marks Emmerton’s 150th birthday. A special exhibit of photographs 165 CHESTNUT STREET, BROOKLINE WWW.GODDARDHOUSE.ORG and artifacts, “Caroline Emmerton: An Un- To learn more, call 617.499.1459 CALL LANCE CHAPMAN AT bounded Vision,” is on display through Au- or visit www.isbos.org 617-731-8500 EXT. 105 gust 31; a series of lectures, concerts, and performances is also planned. “She was truly a visionary,” says Emmerton researcher Da- vid Moffat, a lead tour guide at the Gables. Step Outside with “She best embraced the progressive spirit of the early twentieth century because she Outward Bound Professional! was looking at the problems of industrial- ization and immigration and came to the “Harvard has worked with OBP for 20+ years. OBP custom designs unique, two-fold mission for the House of the Seven Gables.” our program to provide students the opportunity to examine their Born in 1866 to a wealthy, civic-minded team’s development and become aware of their leadership family, Emmerton counted among her ancestors John Bertram, who sponsored assumptions. OBP masterfully provides this experience.” Salem’s first hospital, and whose Essex - David King, Faculty Chair, MPA Programs, Street home ultimately became the public Harvard Kennedy School of Government library. Her mother, Jennie Bertram Em- merton, was also a force, especially with the Old Ladies’ Home and the Salem Soci- ety for Higher Education for Women. The city Emmerton grew up in, however, was transitioning from a shipping stronghold to a manufacturing center, Moffat says; she would have witnessed the evolving indus- trialization, and the second wave of immigrants who moved to the city seeking jobs in the textile, leather, and other factories. Photo by: Tom Fitsimmons By 28, Emmerton was holding her own as an elected board member of the Salem (617) 830-5114 Seamen’s Orphan and Children’s Fund So- [email protected] ciety. In the years leading to her purchase Boston Harbor Islands www.thompsonisland.org

Harvard Magazine 16K Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Harvard Squared

of the Turner-Ingersoll Man- all in a day: sion, she was also involved with the Seamen’s Bethel House. Art and Nature (She eventually bought that “ugly” building, which blocked in Andover the mansion’s harbor views, and moved it down the street Two exhibits at the Addison Gallery to use for settlement house of American Art at Phillips Academy, in “dramatics, athletics, dances, Andover, explore quintessential popular concerts, fairs, etc.”) In 1910, interests: real estate and television. while at work on transform- “Walls and Beams, Rooms and Dreams: Images of ing the Gables, she and her friend Aroline Home” features modern and contemporary photo- Gove (daughter of another strong wom- graphs, such as the stunning, surreal images of “dispir- an, the entrepreneurial manufacturer of ited domesticity” in Gregory Crewdson’s 2002 Dream women’s herbal remedies Lydia Pinkham) House series, and several sculptures and paintings, in- made history as the first women appointed cluding Sam Cady’s Moved House Being Rebuilt (1983). as trustees of Salem’s Plummer Home for “Revolution of the Eye: Modern Art and the Birth of Boys, reports former Gables researcher American Television” looks at how art and design Irene Axelrod, who has studied Emmerton. trends shaped the medium’s formative decades, the “I have a great deal of admiration for her,” 1940s through the 1970s. Axelrod says. “There’s also a bit of a mys- The concurrent shows also inform each other, elu- tery”—surprising for someone so accom- cidating Americans’ evolving experiences of art and plished. Emmerton left no known personal architecture in daily life. “In many ways, the televi- papers—journals, letters, or notes—nor any sion became a twentieth-century hearth around which business-related records, she explains; only families gathered to learn, laugh, mourn, and debate, a few images of her exist, and “there are also creating the many associations and emotions that no romantic relationships I’ve ever seen we connect to home,” says Addison director Judith any sign of, and no children. She was edu- F. Dolkart ’93. “And in the context of a museum cated, but we don’t know where or how with such rich American collections, I am glad that exactly.” The Chronicles details only her we can examine television and the ways in which conservation efforts at the Gables com- the most innovative art of the day influenced and plex. The association’s archives do hold responded to this alluring medium.” a few scripts for plays and pageants that Housed in a red-brick building on the prep she wrote for settlement productions— school’s campus, the Addison was opened in 1931. she was a talented writer, fundraiser, More than 17,000 works are in the permanent col- and delegator, according to Axelrod— lection; artists range from John Singleton Copley along with several handwritten speech- and Georgia O’Keefe to Frank Stella, Kara Walker, es and essays. and Kerry James Marshall. Admission is free. And One text from 1919 focuses on social the 2008 addition, named for Andover (and Har- From the top: the Addison reform and reveals a progressive’s viewpoint vard) alumnus Sidney R. Knafel ’52, M.B.A. ’54, has Gallery’s staid façade; ademy in typically “stark, moral terms,” asserts

promoting the Electrohome s Ac p comfortable chairs and sunny places to sit while i Moffat. “Life in America had been shame- Courier portable television set ll perusing books from the museum’s library. (late 1950s); Francesca fully materialized before the war,” Emmer- Woodman’s haunting House Less than a mile’s walk down Bartlett Street (lined Phi rt at ton wrote. “The passion for money-getting #4, from the series Abandoned an A with antique homes) is the center of town. Eat lunch House #1 (1976); a scene from c in men which had numbed other spiritual

at The Lantern Brunch (89 Main Street; 978-475- Weir Hill’s walking trails meri fibre, had permeated the whole nation and c hard/the trustees ei 6191), a traditional coffee shop with vintage décor, or had ensured widespread industrial discon- t. R t. ery ofery A

at LaRosa’s (7 Barnard Street; 978-475-1777), a ll tent and jealousy.” Some of her views “are gourmet deli with Italian fare. Afterward, drive a antiquated in terms of the Americanization seven minutes into North Andover and stop in of immigrants,” Moffat acknowledges. “But ddison g to smell the roses (and meander through the per I do think that she did have the best inter- ennial gardens designed in the early twentieth est, or what she thought was the best in- century) at the Stevens-Coolidge Place (www. terest, of people in Salem at heart. She was

thetrustees.org), or go a little farther to walk at ourtesy of the A interested in improving their lives and this es c Weir Hill (www.thetrustees.org); the reserva- g was foremost in her whole life.” ma tion has four miles of trails with views of Lake I By 1910 Emmerton was a leader of a Cochichewick and the Merrimack Valley. vn.p.b. group of women who had already be- gun offering classes in handicrafts, danc-

16L May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Guiding you home.

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ing, and “gymnasium work” at the Salem in a building across the street, now called YMCA to serve the city’s eastern Europe- Emmerton Hall, until 2010, and is now an immigrants. She would greatly expand conducted through partnerships with lo- those programs in the re-sited Seamen’s cal nonprofit service organizations.) From Bethel building and in the Hooper-Hatha- these oral histories, the philanthropist way House, a bakery she moved to the Ga- emerges as a tall, fleshy woman (she had bles site, restored, and rechristened in 1911. a customized bath tub) with a command- Within two years, Axelrod notes, the ing personality, both exacting and gener- settlement house’s annual report listed ous. On her daily visits to the Gables, she “eight clubs for boys, three for girls, a was known to correct the tour guides, mother’s group, a men’s club, as well as even mid-spiel, if they made mistakes. classes in cooking, housekeeping, dress- “Mrs. Emmerton…did like things done as making, dancing, dramatics, nursing, sew- she directed,” Mary Burke, who worked ing, embroidery, laundry work, as well as at the Gables from 1937 to 1985, told Axel- h p

ra manual training for boys. Storytelling and rod, but she “was quite approachable. She g gymnastics, a small library, a garden club also noticed when anything in the house or

g Photo and summer camp were also available.” the grounds had been moved or changed… ri

e, T The settlement workers, who lived pri- and would immediately put things back in c marily on the second floor of the Gables, their original places.” were among the new crop of college-ed- If reports that small children were intimi- rank C. Gra

F ucated women for whom Emmerton con- dated by her size (and perhaps by the ornate scientiously provided jobs. hats she favored) are true, Axelrod says Axelrod interviewed some of the last their mothers probably were not. They were Hawthorne’s birth home, built in 1750. people to know Emmerton, including treated to rides in Emmerton’s limousine. He lived there until 1808, when his father, the last settlement worker to live at the Her circle of friends included pioneer- a sea captain, died of yellow fever in Suriname. The open-hearth fireplace was Gables. (Settlement work persisted in ing New England preservationists such as restored to reflect the original kitchen. varying forms, first on the site and then William Sumner Appleton, A.B. 1892, who

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16N May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Host your w at the HARVARDedd Facultying Club P P THE GARFIELD SOPHISTICATED EUROPEAN MARTHA’S VINEYARD CAMBRIDGE STYLE IN DAVIS/PORTER OPPORTUNITY!

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160513_PremProp_full_v5.indd 1 3/28/16 2:54 PM Document1Document1 11/20/03 11/20/03 11:51 11:51 AM AM Page Page 1 1

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founded the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities (now Historic ASSISTEDASSISTEDLIVINGLIVINGRETIREMENTRETIREMENTCOMMUNITYCOMMUNITY Independent and Assisted Living New England) in 1910. He recruited her as SpecializedHere’s what Memory people Care are a board member, and also prompted her to Here’s what people are safeguard the Hooper-Hathaway House. Whatsayingsaying do Harvard about about us. alumni us. The Chronicles of Three Houses recounts Em- have in common? merton’s own careful research into the histories of that house and of the Retire Beck- Cadbury Commons ett House (named for a prominent early A Remarkable Senior Residence Salem shipbuilder, and moved to the site in 1924), and details her use of Hawthorne’s Ballet classes: novel as a guide to restoring the Gables. age 3 through teen, Name:Name:MiltonMilton R. R. The “original” house, according to the adult and pointe. Occupation:Occupation:PostalPostal Supervisor, Supervisor, Retired Retired novel, was a “family-mansion, spacious, pon- Hobbies:Hobbies:Reading,Reading, Walking, Walking, Exercising Exercising New Students Welcome! Lifestyle:Lifestyle:Independent,Independent, Active Active derously framed of oaken timber, and calcu- ChoiceChoice of Senior/Assisted of Senior/Assisted Living: Living: lated to endure for many generations of his View current & summer CadburyCadbury Commons Commons The Harvard alumni who chose posterity: a rusty wooden house, with seven schedules at: “ThereCadbury“There is a is stable aCommons stable and and gentle gentle may atmosphere atmosphere have acutely peaked gables facing towards vari- of helpof help and and empathy empathy throughout throughout the the ous points of the compass, and a huge, clus- www.freshpondballet.com community.retiredcommunity. from I feel Iwork, feelassured assured but that not thatI am fromI partam part oflife. of Visit us on Facebook: others’others’ lives, lives, as they as they are ofare mine. of mine. For Formyself, myself, tered chimney in the midst.” In fact, Turner I feelIMuseum feel that that Cadbury CadburyVisits Commons • CommonsPlay Reading provides provides a a could exit the front door and walk to the sea facebook.com/FreshPondBallet wellSymphonywell trained trained and andcaring Selections caring group group of •people ofLecture people who who are interestedare interested in my in welfare.”my welfare.” wall to view his wharf and five-ship fleet Series • Yoga • Organic Gardening that contributed to the Caribbean trade in Nina Alonso, Director, FPB CallCall (617) (617) 868-0575 868-0575 to arrange to arrange a personal a personal 1798a Mass Ave tour,Calltour, (617) or visit or 868-0575 visit www.cadburycommons.com www.cadburycommons.com to arrange a personal tour, sugar and molasses and his role in the dis- Cambridge, MA 02140 WhereWhereor visitThe www.cadburycommons.comThe Emphasis Emphasis Is On Is OnLiving Living tillation of “strong waters.” He died 12 years 66 Sherman6666 Sherman Sherman Street, Street, Street, Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridge, after building the house, leaving his widow, 617.491.5865 EQUAL EQUAL MA MA02140 02140 ◆ (617) ◆ (617) 868-0575 868-0575 HOUSING HOUSING MA 02140 • (617)868-0575 OPPTY OPPTY Elizabeth Turner, pregnant with their fifth child and four others under the age of 10; she raised the children and ran the household and the shipping business until remarrying. By 1782, Turner’s grandson had lost the family fortune and the mansion was bought at auction by sea captain Samuel Ingersoll, a merchant in the burgeoning spice trade with Indonesia and southern China. He modernized it, removing four gables to better conform to the boxier, Federal-style architecture of the day, and updated the interior, although he kept the high-style Georgian wood-paneled walls in the parlor and “Great Chamber.” His daughter, Susanna Hathorne Inger- soll, was Nathaniel Hawthorne’s second cousin (the author added the “w” after publishing his early stories). Inheriting the property in 1811, she fought relatives to keep it, barricading herself inside and 2016 Commencement & Reunion Guide ultimately taking legal action. She also refused four marriage proposals and became Go to: harvardmagazine.com/commencement a wealthy real-estate agent. According to for a complete schedule and live coverage of events. Emmerton’s book, she “was a tall, stately young woman, fond of society, so it is said, brought to you online by until an unfortunate love affair with a naval officer, who sailed away, turned her into a recluse and more or less of a man hater.” Despite gossip that Ingersoll refused to

16P May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Harvard Squared allow a man on the premises, Emmerton never lived in Salem again. surmises that she entertained Hawthorne, When Susanna Ingersoll died, 20 years her junior, and relayed the home’s the Gables passed to her foster history. He could have visited as a child son, Horace Lorenzo Conolly, who and after graduating from Bowdoin Col- lost it to creditors in 1879. The the- hy p

lege, and then again when he moved back atrical Upton family then owned ra g to Salem in 1847 with his wife and son. it for decades. They put on plays

The moody and reflective Hawthorne and dances and even opened a few g Photo ri

had always been troubled by Salem’s dark rooms as a “museum.” (It might e, T c history and his ancestors’ roles in it, be- have included the “secret staircase” ginning with William Hathorne, a magis- they reportedly told Emmerton rank C. Gra trate who sentenced a Quaker to a whip- they had discovered when they F ping, and whose son, John, was among the removed the central chimney, but A “secret staircase” leads to the attic at the House nine judges who presided over the town’s Moffat says no structural evidence of the Seven Gables, in Salem, Massachusetts. 1692 witch trials. Both The Scarlet Letter (set proves it was ever there, and Hawthorne lived in earlier days), she saw “sketchy out- in Boston) and The House of the Seven Gables doesn’t refer to it in his novel.) Emmerton lines of two vanished gables on the sloping grapple with ancestral ghosts and the ef- had always been intrigued by the home’s walls…like shadowy ghosts haunting the fects of Puritanical zeal; they were writ- colorful past, and visited the Uptons, scene of their past life.” Consciously or ten and published, back-to-back, during probably going to or from her volunteer not, she echoes one of Hawthorne’s open- a furious bout of creativity spurred by work at the Seamen’s Bethel. ing passages describing what amounts Hawthorne’s return to Salem in 1847 and She wrote that she first visited the man- to his muse: “The aspect of the venerable the loss of his job and his mother in the sion “with a party of young people” soon mansion has always affected me like a hu- summer of 1849. Not surprisingly, per- after Conolly had moved out: “I well re- man countenance, bearing the traces not haps, neither book was well received in member the thrill the gaunt old house merely of outward storm and sunshine, his hometown. The Hawthornes moved to gave me.” The rooms were empty, the walls but expressive also of the long lapse of Lenox, Massachusetts, soon after The Scar- stark, and walking into the attic (where mortal life, and accompanying vicissitudes let Letter was published in March 1850, and indentured servants and then slaves had that have passed within.”

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Harvard Magazine 16Q Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Harvard Commencement & Reunion Guide

The Week’s Events arrison Jim H Jim

OMMENCEMENT WEEK includes ’97. Tickets required. Tercentenary Theatre. producer, businesswoman, and philanthro- addresses by Harvard president Law School Class Day, 2:30, with fea- pist. Holmes Field. Drew Gilpin Faust and director, tured speaker Sarah Jessica Parker, actor, Business School Class Day Ceremony, C screenwriter, and producer Ste- ven Spielberg. For details and updates on event speakers, visit harvardmagazine. A Special Notice Regarding Commencement Day com/commencement Thursday, May 26, 2016 * * * Tuesday, May 24 Morning Exercises Phi Beta Kappa Exercises, at 11, with poet To accommodate the increasing number of people wishing to attend Harvard’s Robyn Schiff and orator Stephen Green- Commencement Exercises, the following guidelines are provided to facilitate admis- blatt, Cogan University Professor and sion into Tercentenary Theatre on Commencement Morning: Shakespeare scholar, Sanders Theatre. • Degree candidates will receive a limited number of tickets to Commencement. Baccalaureate Service for the Class of Their parents and guests must have tickets, which must be shown at the gates in or- 2016, at 2, Memorial Church, followed by der to enter Tercentenary Theatre. Seating capacity is limited; there is standing room class photo, Widener steps. on the Widener steps and at the rear and sides of the Theatre. For details, visit the Class of 2016 Family Reception, at 5. Commencement office websitehttp://commencement.harvard.edu ( ). Tickets required. Science Center plaza. Note: A ticket allows admission, but does not guarantee a seat. Seats are on a Harvard Extension School Annual Com- first-come basis and can not be reserved. The sale of Commencement tickets is mencement Banquet, at 6. Tickets required. prohibited. Annenberg Hall. • A very limited supply of tickets is available to alumni and alumnae on a first- come, first-served basis through the Harvard Alumni Association http://alumni.( Wednesday, May 25 harvard.edu/annualmeeting). Alumni/ae and guests may view the Morning Exercises ROTC Commissioning Ceremony, at 11:30, over large-screen televisions in the Science Center and at most of the undergraduate with President Faust and a guest speaker. Houses and graduate and professional schools. These locations provide ample seat- Tercentenary Theatre. ing, and tickets are not required. Harvard Kennedy School Commence- • College Alumni/ae attending their twenty-fifth, thirty-fifth, and fiftieth reunions ment Address, at 2, by former U.S. secre- will receive tickets at their reunions. tary of state Madeleine Albright, LL.D. ’97. JFK Park. Afternoon Program Senior Class Day Picnic, at noon. Tickets The Harvard Alumni Association’s Annual Meeting, which includes remarks by its required. The Old Yard. president, Overseer and HAA election results, the presentation of the Harvard Med- Senior Class Day Exercises, at 2, with als, and remarks by President Drew Gilpin Faust and the Commencement Speaker, the Harvard and Ivy Orations, remarks convenes in Tercentenary Theatre on Commencement afternoon. For tickets (which by incoming Harvard Alumni Association are required, but free) visit the HAA website or call 617-496-7001. president Martin J. Grasso Jr. ’78, and ac- vThe Commencement Office tress, writer, and producer Rashida Jones

16R May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Harvard Commencement & RHarvardeunion GuideSquared

2:30, with Thomas J. Tierney, M.B.A. ’80, Tercentenary Theatre. chairman and co-founder of The Bridge All Alumni Spread, 11:30. Tickets span Group. Baker Lawn. required. The Old Yard. Graduate School of Design Class Day, The Tree Spread, for the College at 4, with a guest speaker. Gund Hall lawn. classes through 1965, 11:30. Tickets re- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public quired. Holden Quadrangle. Health Award Presentation and Celebra- Graduate School Diploma Cer- tion, 4-7. Kresge Courtyard. emonies, from 11:30 (time varies by Graduate School of Education Convoca- school). tion, 3-5, with a guest speaker. Radcliffe Yard. GSAS Luncheon and Reception, Divinity School Multireligious Com- 11:30 to 3. Tickets required. Behind mencement Service, at 4. Memorial Church. Perkins Hall. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences College Diploma Presentation

Dudley House Faculty Dean’s Reception, Ceremonies and Luncheons, at arrison

4-6. noon. The Undergraduate Houses. H Jim Faculty Deans’ Receptions for se- Alumni Procession, 1:45. The Old Yard. ton Foundation, and former U.S. secretary for niors and guests, at 5. The Undergraduate The Annual Meeting of the Harvard health and human services and president of Houses. Alumni Association (HAA), 2:30, includes the University of Miami. Kresge Courtyard. Harvard University Band, Harvard Glee remarks by HAA president Paul L. Choi ’86, Medical and Dental Schools Class Day Club, and Radcliffe Choral Society Con- J.D. ’89, President Faust, and Commence- Ceremony. Ticketed luncheon at noon, fol- cert, at 8. Tercentenary Theatre. ment speaker Steven Spielberg; Overseer lowed by a speech, at 2, by Jeffrey S. Flier, and HAA director election results; and retiring dean of the faculty of medicine and Thursday, May 26 Harvard Medal presentations. Tercente- Walker professor of medicine. Commencement Day. Gates open at 6:45. nary Theatre. Academic Procession, 8:50. The Old Yard. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Friday, May 27 The 365th Commencement Exercises, Health Diploma Ceremony at 2, with guest Radcliffe Day, celebrating the institution’s 9:45 (concluding at 11:45). Tickets required. speaker Donna Shalala, president of the Clin- past, present, and future, includes a morn-

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Harvard Magazine 16S Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Harvard Squared Harvard Commencement & Reunion Guide ing panel discussion followed by a luncheon honoring the 2015 Radcliffe Medal recipient,Janet L. Yellen, chair of the board of governors of the Federal Reserve System. The discussion, “Building an Economy for Prosperity and Equality” (10:30 a.m.-noon), is moderated by Cecelia Rouse ’86, Ph.D. ’92, dean, Katzman and Ernst professor in the economics of education and professor of economics The luncheon, 12:30-2, will feature re- cliffe.harvard.edu. For questions, contact

and public affairs at Princeton’s Woodrow marks by former chairman of the Federal [email protected]. arrison

Wilson School of Public and Internation- Reserve Ben S. Bernanke ’75, now a distin- For updates on Commencement week H Jim al Affairs. Panelists include:David Autor, guished fellow in residence in the economic and related activities, visit alumni.harvard. Ph.D. ’99, professor of economics at MIT; studies program at the Brookings Institu- edu/annualmeeting or commencement.har- Douglas W. Elmendorf, dean and Price tion; economics professor Gregory Mankiw vard.edu/morning-exercises. professor of public policy at the Kennedy will then talk with Yellen about her School; Claudia Goldin, Lee professor of life and career. economics and director of the Development Tickets are re- Follow @harvardmagazine of the American Economy Program at the quired to attend the as we capture fun and National Bureau of Economic Research; and day’s events in per- memorable moments during Louise Sheiner ’82, Ph.D. ’93, senior fellow in son, and have already economic studies and policy director for the been distributed. The Commencement week. Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary events will be web- #Harvard16 Policy at the Brookings Institution. cast live at www.rad-

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16T May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 WE ARE | known for exemplary service

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160539_GibsonSothebys.indd 1 3/29/16 8:58 AM Tastes & Tables Kendall Square Eats Restaurants that cater to Cambridge’s technology epicenter

nce a cluster of electric power plants, factories, and other “dirty” O industries, the Kendall Square area in Cambridge has been masterfully re- developed since the 1990s. Powerful economic and academic interests, such as MIT, have transformed the roughly 10-acre zone into a global hub of innovation and technology. More than 200 companies—hi-tech, bio- tech, info-tech, pharmaceu- Study’s simple décor tical, and promising start- (above) and its cheerful sunchoke ups—are housed in sleek dish; Café Art- office towers, while sleek Science’s chic apartment towers house interior (left) and its version of beef

many of their employees. our carpaccio

That commercial mix, com- rea F plemented by two and a half something that I saw e, and A acres of landscaped open at work today,” our c ien space and plazas, is calculated by planners for a degree of devotional analysis. What friend the anesthesiologist said. Nobody c to yield a thriving community of successful chef Nick Anichini is doing with food is asked what. But any awkward thoughts professionals bent on enjoying urban luxu- boundary bending, an art form, and there- vanished at the first bite of the salty,

ries—and a range of restaurants has sprung fore exciting to fanatical foodies. Main- chewy fowl, which merged with earthy Café artstudy, up to serve the “hubbers,” and everyone else stream diners might see it differently. soft pasta and a smack of turmeric in the who cares to join them. The duck prosciutto ($14) arrived, and mouth. A crinkled bit of charred turnip

Study (www.studyrestaurant.com), we all gazed at the plate: dark red curls lent bitterness. ourtesy of S hs c run by the owners of Journeyman and of flesh were nestled beside a cocoon- More “outdoorsy” was the dish of lion’s p ra the hip Backbar in Union Square, serves like mound of rye spaghetti drenched in a mane mushrooms ($9). Crumbly and al- g hoto small plates of exquisite fare that does ask glistening brown liquid. “That looks like most black, they resembled humus, yet p

16V May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Harvard Squared tasted meaty. On top were delicately fried bacon crumble ($21), the grilled Spanish vegetable tempura, white rice, and a slab kale and squirts of loose-bubbled green octopus ($32) with burnt onion, sweet po- of salmon teriyaki. All were respectably foam. The last looked suspicious, but tato, and Calabrian chili ($32), or the beef tasty except for the dried-out, overcooked tasted complex: of juicy green apple, kale, pot-au-feu, featuring an oxtail broth ($30). gyoza. Fresher overall was the vegetarian and a hint of jalapeño. As the anomalous Nearly as pricey is Fuji at Kendall bento box ($16) with a house salad and meal progressed, we adjusted to more such (www.fujiatkendall.com), although it was tender edamame dumplings. Fuji’s décor surprises: a cube of tofu in a crunchy, cara- jammed at lunchtime recently (reserva- is fairly generic (the predominant chrome melized coating that came with the slow- tions seemed required). Try to avoid seats and glass persist), although wooden tables roasted cauliflower coated in black-garlic at the sushi bar: watching workers toil add warmth. yogurt ($17); mussels in a parsley and in tight quarters as the lunch-hour clock Wood-oven fires, meanwhile, foster the pumpkin-seed sauce ($11); smoked chicken ticks away is not relaxing. The deluxe ben- gregarious vibe at Area Four (areafour. with leeks, spicy fermented cabbage, and to box ($20) holds an impressive volume of com) while cooking up lush pizzas. (The cabbage cream($28); and rounds of veni- food: shumai, pork gyoza, California maki, “carnivore” has sopressata, sausage, and ba- son served with paper-thin slices of green

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Harvard Magazine 16W Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Harvard Squared con, $17.50/$26.50; the caramelized onion State Park’s inner rooms foster the sense and Gorgonzola pie is spiced with green of imbibing in a rural onions, $15/$22.50.) The restaurant caters watering hole. to all ages and tastes, and has non-pizza entrées such as roasted trout in brown by a naturally engaging butter ($24) and “mac and cheese” topped wait staff. The rect- with focaccia crumbs ($12), along with angular dining room thoughtfully combined salads (namely the is noisier in the front arugula tossed with fennel, radish, apple, (especially by the bar) carrot, almonds, flecks of Manchego cheese than at the back, where in exactly the right amount of lemon vin- seats by the floor-to- aigrette, $10). Fresh, high-quality ingredi- ceiling windows overlook a grassy court- want to play outside while their parents ents are generously served without hype yard perfect for children who eat fast and linger over another glass of wine. tate Park tate People can also get loud and happy inside State Park (www.statepark.is). The

place has jukeboxes, shuffleboard, darts, ourtesy of S c and a pool table, and does a fair job of emu- lating a 1950s dive bar on a lonely country road. Comfort food with a Southern feel is served—fried deviled eggs ($6), pork sausage and shrimp paella with green beans ($16), Brussels sprouts with horseradish and pomegranate syrup ($10), and “Nashville hot” fried chicken ($19)—yet a zany array of drinks dominates the menu. Tom Collins and Pimm’s Cup come in pitchers, or choose individual shots and beer (“The Woody” is a Budweiser and a fireball, $11.25), or try one of the rotating drafts or craft beers. (The team behind State Park expects to open a Jewish deli, Mamaleh, a few doors down, where West Bridge was. And a new barbecue place, The Smoke Shop, is set to open across the courtyard this spring.) Commonwealth Cambridge (www. commonwealthcambridge.com) is a hybrid business—market and restaurant—that also evokes what it’s not: an olde-tyme general-store-cum-farm stand. But that’s okay because the simple food is excellent, largely because it changes with the seasons (and often daily), thanks to the owners’ al- legiance to local goods. Recently, the menu offered oysters (from Massachusetts and Canada, $3 each), heirloom beet salad ($13), and braised lamb tagine ($26). For dessert, there are custom-made sundaes (about $9), with a choice of fun ice-cream flavors like cinnamon honey, double chocolate cherry, and “birthday cake,” plus syrups and top- pings. Or pair the whole shebang with sticky toffee pudding or a Belgian waffle for an extra $4.50. In warm weather, patrons can dine outside, and then take their desserts and walk along the Broad Canal, marveling at all the tall gleaming buildings and the old Boston skyline across the river. vnell porter brown

16X May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Harvard2 SHOPPING GUIDE HARVARD SQUARE BUSINESS ASSOCIATION ADVERTISING SECTION

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Theater, Dance, and Media’s “Next Act”

Through the door of Martin Puchner’s office in Farkas Hall, bursts of clap- ping, shouts, and laughter erupt from the class in session next door: “What’s So Funny? Introduction to Improvisational Comedy.” Some 140 students came to the course’s first meeting, says Puchner, and though this case is extreme, in the new Theater, Dance, and Media concentration (TDM), “our classes are at capacity.” This warm reception might be all the more gratifying because of TDM’s protracted incubation; its faculty likes to call it “400 years in the making.” The program emerged from the determined efforts—reports released, recommendations issued, and priorities identified—of what seems like a matryoshka doll of nested committees: the Task Force on the Arts, chartered by Presi- dent Drew Faust in 2007; the Harvard University Committee on the Arts in 2009; and finally the Standing Committee on Dramatic Arts, chaired by Pu- chner, Wien professor of drama and of English and comparative literature, since 2011. Events accelerated last year, after Faust publicly pledged funds toward the concentration’s development in October, and in March, Puchner won unanimous approval from the Faculty of Arts and Sciences for his proposal.

18 May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Dance director and senior lecturer Jill Johnson leading Music 12, “The Harvard Dance Project” (opposite page, at left, and on next spread), a two-semester, for-credit ensemble; (center and above) the first Concentrators declared their interest in TDM concentration show, The Man Who, in fall 2015; as of press time, 13 have done so. dress rehearsals in Farkas Hall

Now that TDM has put down roots, its ened her idea of how an aspiring perform- faculty proponents—with considerable er should be educated: “There’s more to TDM might eat up resources, especially student input—look ahead to how it will being an artist than movement and voice.” performance space, have abated. Under- grow. Sam Hagen ’18, primarily interested in graduates put on 20 to 30 shows each se- studying theater academically, offers the mester; TDM will stage only two each “Get Rid of the Binaries” flip side of that perspective. (He’s in the year, and roles in the cast and technical TDM has been nimbly built around Har- minority: “In all of these articles that are staff are open to non-concentrators. “We vard’s existing theater infrastructure, and coming out about TDM, there’s the ac- want to be permeable,” says Puchner, who draws on those resources. The concentration tors—and then there’s Sam Hagen ’18,” adds that, far from drawing them away hired two staff members from the Office for he observes dryly.) Having to go to other from Harvard’s extracurricular scene, “we the Arts (OFA) to oversee performance spac- departments for theory-based courses want to send students back”—equipped es and run mandatory tech and safety work- makes for a “scattershot” program of with new skills and aesthetic ideas. shops; the American Repertory Theater’s study rather than a coherent progression, The scarcity currently causing tension (ART) staff and visiting artists teach studio says Hagen: “I want my major to give ev- is not space, but acting credits. TDM re- courses and assist with productions. Most of erything that it is asking for.” quires its students to participate in four TDM’s history and theory courses are drawn “Theater is a performance art,” says vis- productions, half of them within the con- from other departments, including music, iting professor David Chambers, summing centration. Its inaugural show, The Man English, and various foreign languages—as up the concentration’s ethos: just as it’s im- Who, called for only four actors and cast no are most of its regular faculty, with adjuncts portant to verse practitioners of that art in concentrators. Future productions will be and term appointments filling the gaps. theory and history, “there’s no reason aca- larger, says Puchner, but he also points to Even the program’s academic structure demicians shouldn’t be on their feet figuring the upside: performers were nudged into borrows from a prior source: as in the out what acting is.” Chambers reports that apprenticeships with the professional de- longstanding secondary field in dramatic at Yale, where he’s taught at the School of signers on the show’s staff. “Pedagogically arts (which it now replaces), TDM splits Drama for several decades, “You’re always speaking,” he says, “that is even more im- requirements evenly between “practice- fighting that studio-versus-academic divi- portant than who gets to perform.” based” and “theory-based” courses. With- sion. I actually think one of the hopes for The concentration will offer a class in out this structure, says Eliza Mantz ’18, TDM is that we get rid of the binaries. We “technical theater” next year, and others “I’d be tempted to take acting classes all just get rid of them!” As Puchner puts it: agree that TDM could usefully contribute the time.” Though in high school Mantz “We are not theater studies. We are theater. to the performing arts at Harvard by mak- strongly considered attending a conserva- And we are theater, dance, and media.” ing students more invested in what hap- tory, her studies at Harvard have broad- Students’ early concerns about how pens backstage. Jake Stepansky ’17, who serves as vice president of the Harvard- Radcliffe Dramatic Club and, frequently, In this Issue as a sound designer for student shows, says that the program is “not well-equipped, at 20 Harvard Portrait 26 Campus Campaign the moment, to handle technicians.” Such 22 University People 27 Brevia production roles are often understaffed, he 22 CS50’s Expanding Global Reach 29 News Briefs reports, and most students come to Har- 24 Yesterday’s News 32 The Undergraduate vard with no design experience and no 25 Larry Summers Reflects 34 Sports clear way of gaining it, other than by what

Photographs by Stu Rosner Harvard Magazine 19 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 John Harvard's Journal

he calls “brute-force trial-and-error” as harvard portrait they start to work on shows. “As an undergraduate who came here to pursue a liberal-arts education, I don’t want a class on microphone etiquette or the acoustics of speakers, or a class on the different kinds of lighting instruments,” Stepansky explains. “But one class on design, looking at a lot of different kinds of design, or design over time? I think there’s totally interest.” Offer- ing a guided, curricular learning environment, he believes, could build student interest in technical matters, and thus strengthen productions as a whole.

“Am I in the Right Place?” Though their fellow concentrators’ spirits were high, Laurel McCaull ’18 and Kathryn Kearney ’17, both dancers, stood together at TDM’s celebratory meet-and-greet in Octo- ber feeling more uncertain. Kearney leaned over to McCaull to ask, “Am I in the right place?” “Please, stick it out with me,” Mc- Caull told her, “We can make it work, and make it better.” Kearney, a member of the Expressions Dance Company, had pursued her interest in dance studies through a concentration in social anthropology. When TDM was made official, she says, “I knew right away that I wanted to do it.” She will now write her senior thesis, on race and ballet, as a Ethan Lasser joint concentrator. McCaull, a joint concentrator in English who co-directs the When he put the two paintings together, on facing walls of a Harvard Art Harvard-Radcliffe Modern Dance Compa- Museums gallery—Winslow Homer’s Pitching Quoits, showing Zouave-inspired ny, says that her initial excitement abated Civil War infantrymen in their red seroual trousers, and Théodore Chassériau’s once she read through the course offerings: 1850 depiction of actual Arab horsemen carrying their dead from the battlefield— “I was definitely a little underwhelmed “It was a revelation,” says curator Ethan Lasser. Homer hadn’t yet been to France, with the representation of dance.” After but he admired French painters, who themselves were enamored of the Middle East seeing the concentration’s theater-specific and North Africa. “The vibrant conversation between these two paintings—you requirements, “I almost chickened out.” really need to see it in the flesh,” Lasser adds. As Stebbins curator of American art As reflected in the course catalog, dance and head of the museums’ European and American art division, he tries to make seems to be a junior partner in the con- such conversations visible, grouping artworks by theme and period, not country centration. Aside from the Harvard Dance and medium: “a more contextual story.” Lasser’s parents owned a Boston art gallery, Project, a for-credit ensemble led by OFA and he spent many boyhood hours roaming the city’s museums. Williams College Dance Program director Jill Johnson, the led to a job at a New York auction house, where he was told, “You ask too many concentration offered no dance classes questions—go to grad school.” After a Yale Ph.D. and five years at Milwaukee’s in the fall, and two in the spring. While Chipstone Foundation, specializing in furniture and decorative arts, he arrived in thespians may choose from a menu of 2012 at Harvard, where he also teaches, co-leading classes that offer art historians courses that spans “Acting Shakespeare” hands-on experience with art-making. “You hear about ideas like ‘flow,’ or that to “Practical Aesthetics” (conceived by materials always resist you,” he explains, “and here you can get a sense of what those playwright David Mamet and actor Wil- mean in ways that are hard to express.” The museums’ artworks can be similarly liam H. Macy), dancers have tended to go elusive. “I’ll never know them fully,” he says. “I’ll be walking up the stairs one day off-campus for similar training. Some en- and see something in a work that I’ve never seen before, just because it’s five o’clock roll in the Harvard Dance Center’s evening in the evening in the summer.” A revelation. vlydialyle gibson classes, which are open to the public and charge undergraduates a relatively low

20 May - June 2016 Photograph by Jim Harrison Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 fee—but don’t offer credit. “It’s like taking how Harvard’s dance of- because they’re saturated a yoga class or something,” says McCaull. ferings, once considered with it.” “It’s just not considered serious.” purely extracurricular, But TDM has also in- Meanwhile, studio classes that do offer will “recalibrate to sup- tentionally kept the role credit are extremely time-intensive: the port a degree program.” undefined. “Media” does Harvard Dance Project, which meets for not chart a third path six hours each week, and for additional “What The Next through the concentra- rehearsals and performances later in the Thing Will Be” tion—faculty mem- semester, yields half the credits of a typical When asked about the bers insist that even course. Deborah Foster, TDM’s director of last initial of TDM— “theater” and “dance” undergraduate studies, acknowledges that “media”—its faculty should not be viewed as these factors give students little incentive speak enthusiastically, separate “tracks”—but to prioritize practice. Technique classes, and at length, about the convergence of tech- instead is meant to suggest the program’s she says, “fall by the wayside when the se- nology and the performing arts. They cite an receptiveness to the changing identity of mester gets rolling.” opera they’ve seen that uses digital projec- the performing arts. She and Johnson hope the gap will be tions, or a choreographer who uses virtual “We want to be open to what the next bridged by a new hire in a three-year posi- reality in her work; they point to courses like thing will be. We don’t want to have to tion, adding four more classes a year. The “Multimedia Experimental Theatre and Per- contain it, or put a tie on it, or say, ‘This job notice seeks a lecturer to teach tech- formance” and “Live Art in the Theater Envi- is what media means now,’” explains John- nique (in at least one of several suggested ronment.” The students have far less clarity son, “because that would be to date it be- fields, including African dance, impro- about how “media” might meaningfully fit fore it is out of the gate. It would be a little visation, and somatic practices) as well into their program of study. This may be due like predicting our software updates or as other courses. The long-range goal is a to a “generational divide,” Foster suggests. whatever technology is going to happen in course of study that covers what Johnson “Those of us on the other side of the media three months—never mind in a year, or six calls “the four Cs—classical, contemporary, revolution see it as having enormous impact years, or 20.” collaboration, and choreography”; in the on things. Young people who’ve grown up In the near future, TDM will expand. meantime, the faculty will deliberate on with it maybe don’t see that quite as clearly, “We are hiring in all kinds of categories,”

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elopment; courtesy of K harvardmag.com/racetheory-16 v e rtists R rban D St. Louis Blues Urban planners and scholars talk racism and exclu- Commencement 2016 ousing and U ngwarray / © 2015 A ngwarray / © 2015 sion in St. Louis. Planning for Commencement week am K harvardmag.com/stlouis-16 exercises in May is already under way mily K mily at the College and Harvard’s epartment of H Indigenous Australian Art and graduate and professional schools. tates D tates Thought on Display Read about the speakers who will be

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Harvard Magazine 21 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 John Harvard's Journal says Puchner. In addition to the dance-lec- CS50’s Expanding too (see harvardmag.com/cs50yale-15). turer search, they are partnering with the The online version, which has recorded Committee on Studies of Women, Gender, Global Reach some 700,000 registrants this year, towers and Sexuality to appoint a College Fel- During the first lecture of “Introduc- over the other HarvardX courses. Even as low in a three-year postdoctoral position, tion to Computer Science I,” best known critics have focused on the software in- and with the English department to find as CS50, McKay professor of the practice of dustry’s involvement in computer-science a theater scholar. The concentration also computer science David Malan invites vol- education, Malan’s instructional reach is plans to have between four and six visiting unteers to the front of the auditorium to on the verge of reaching another huge au- lecturers—“artists from New York or else- make peanut-butter-and-jelly sandwiches. dience: American high-school students. where,” Puchner says—come and teach Students in the audience shout out instruc- Angela Yakes, who teaches CS50’s cur- each year. Even TDM’s physical presence tions that Malan compiles into a sandwich- riculum in a rural high school in Cedar- has enlarged, securing dedicated rehearsal making algorithm. By the end of the exer- ville, Ohio, believes examples like the space in Hilles Library. cise, it’s obvious the algorithm isn’t precise sandwich-making exercise help her stu- “We’re in a laissez-faire, ‘Let’s learn enough to teach a computer how to make dents grasp abstract concepts in computer some stuff’ phase,” says concentrator Ais- a sandwich: one volunteer’s sandwich is a science. “Those kinds of ideas were really linn Brophy ’17, president of the Harvard- pile of bread covered by a pool of jelly. Ma- eye-opening,” she said; now every time the Radcliffe Dramatic Club. “Which is not to lan calls the demonstration a “ridiculous ex- students “want to try something and it’s say it’s not rigorous, but it’s a little more, ample” that illustrates a rudimentary prin- not working, they’ll say, ‘Think back to the ‘Well, what do you want to do? Let’s try ciple—that “computers are actually pretty peanut-butter-and-jelly-sandwich.’” things out! Give us your feedback! Tell us dumb. They can only do literally what they Yakes is one of 40 teachers participat- what’s working!’” The faculty feels the are told.” ing in a pilot of CS50 AP, an adaptation same way about their students: Puchner That example sticks with a lot of stu- of the curriculum for high-school class- says, with a broad smile, “They are game dents: CS50 is Harvard’s largest under- rooms that will satisfy the requirements for anything.” vsophia nguyen graduate class, and, as of this year, Yale’s, for Advanced Placement Computer Sci-

in the arts, humanities, Signal Scientists University People social sciences, law, and Cook professor of radiation oncology theology. The prize, per- Rakesh K. Jain has been awarded the Humanities Leaders haps the leading honor National Medal of Science.…Wallace Cogan University Professor Stephen for humanities scholarship, comes with professor of applied physics Federico Greenblatt, acclaimed for his Shake- an award of 4.5 million kroner (about Capasso (see “Thinking Small,” Janu- speare scholarship (see “The Mysterious $525,000). Greenblatt is now working on ary-February 2005, page 50) and Alfred Mr. Shakespeare,” September-October a book about the story of Adam and Eve.… Cho have been awarded the American 2004, page 54) and his Pulitzer Prize- Burden professor of photography Robin Academy of Arts and Sciences Rumford winning book on Lucretius’s De rerum Kelsey, chair of the department of history Prize, one of the nation’s oldest scien- natura (see “Swerves,” July-August 2011, of art and architecture, has been appoint- tific awards, in honor of their inven- page 8), has won the Holberg Prize, con- ed dean of arts and humanities within tion, at Bell Laboratories, of the quan- ferred by Norway for academic work the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, effec- tum cascade laser.…Iacocca professor tive July 1. Kelsey, profiled of medicine C. Ronald Kahn and Loeb in “From Daguerreotype to professor of chemistry Stuart L. Sch- Photoshop” (January-Febru- reiber were each named co-winners of ary 2009, page 42), succeeds a 2016 Wolf Prize, for work pertaining Rothenberg professor of to diabetes and to gene regulation, re- Romance languages and lit- spectively.…Mangelsdorf professor of eratures and of comparative molecular and cellular biology and of literature Diana Sorensen. chemistry and chemical biology Erin

Decanal Debut: Kay Family professor of public health and professor of global health and population Michelle A. Williams, holder of master’s and doctoral degrees from the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, has been appointed dean, effective in July. She succeeds Julio Frenk, who departed last summer to become president of the University of Miami. Williams, chair of the department of epidemiology, has conducted research on maternal and infant mortality and health around the world, H pac and is faculty director of two Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center programs, drawing together public-health and medical expertise. She will become the first African-American leader of one of Harvard’s faculties. An in-depth profile appears at harvardmag.com/williams-16. tephanie M itchell/ tephanie S

22 May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 HARVARD ALUMNI ence Principles, a David Malan new course debuting this fall. With support from Microsoft, one of CS50’s corpo- Travel the world with fellow rate partners, Ma- alumni and Harvard study lan’s staff provides leaders. Choose from more curriculum materi- than 80 trips annually. als, teacher training, and online updates to FEATURED TRIPS participating schools (about half are public, four of them charter, the rest private). Mi- crosoft hosted train-

ing boot camps for lincoln/hpac rose teachers at its headquarters last summer, serve higher-income communities. and offers scholarships for teachers to Malan’s teaching style complements the take CS50 online through Harvard Exten- goals of AP CS Principles, which is meant sion School. The pilot has reached 1,500 to offer high-school students a broad and SEPTEMBER 23–30, 2016 students this year, Malan said. CS50 staff accessible introduction to the field. The COLOMBIA: BOGOTÁ & CARTAGENA declined to provide a full list of schools College Board’s existing AP Computer Sci- STUDY LEADER: MARK VAN BAALEN AB ’66, PhD ’95 participating, but a limited sample sug- ence A course focuses on programming in Lecturer on Earth and Planetary Sciences gests that they (like AP courses generally) Java, while AP CS Principles is language-

Curator-in-Chief. Martha Tedeschi, who has spent her professional career at the Art Institute of Chicago, will become Cabot director of the Harvard Art Museums in July, succeeding Thomas W. Lentz, who stepped down last summer. (The Art Institute’s Modern Wing, like the renovated Harvard complex, was conceived by Renzo Piano.) Now Tedeschi, who has most recently been the Chicago museum’s deputy OCTOBER 5–22, 2016 pac

director for art and research (managing H DISCOVER ETHIOPIA conservation, publications, libraries, academic STUDY LEADER: TO BE ANNOUNCED

programs, and archives), can focus on the hicago/ educational use of the integrated Harvard collections and facilities, developing the curatorial staff, and outreach. A graduate of Brown, the University of Michigan, and North- nstitute of C western, she specializes in British and American rt I art, with a focus on printmaking. Read a full report at harvardmag.com/tedeschi-16. courtesy of A O’Shea has been named president of of Wellesley College, effective this sum- the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, mer; she will be the first African-Amer- OCTOBER 22–NOVEMBER 4, 2016 the leading private funder of medical ican leader of that institution. Laurie H. research. O’Shea, an HHMI investigator Glimcher ’72, M.D. ’76, who held profes- INSIDER’S CHINA: ANCIENT VILLAGES TO DYNAMIC BOOM since 2000 and chief scientific officer sorial positions at the medical and pub- since 2013, is the institute’s first female lic-health schools before becoming dean STUDY LEADER: MARTIN K. WHYTE PhD ’71 John Zwaanstra Professor of International Studies president.…Mallinckrodt professor of of the Medical College at Weill Cornell and of Sociology Emeritus physics and of applied physics David Medicine, will return to Boston next A. Weitz has been elected to the Na- January to become president and CEO of TO BOOK YOUR NEXT TRIP, tional Academy of Engineering. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. And Deb- CALL US AT 800-422-1636. orah Prothrow-Stith, M.D. ’79, former FOR MORE TRIP OPTIONS, VISIT M.D.s on the Move professor of public health practice, has ALUMNI.HARVARD.EDU/TRAVELS. Professor of medicine and of epidemi- been appointed dean of the College of ology Paula A. Johnson ’80, M.D. ’84, Medicine at Charles R. Drew University M.P.H. ’85, has been appointed president of Medicine and Science, in Los Angeles.

Harvard Magazine 23 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 John Harvard's Journal

agnostic. The course also asks students to answer questions about the global impact Yesterday’s News of computing. The decision to focus on the From the pages of the Harvard Alumni Bulletin and Harvard Magazine big ideas of computer science in the new course was informed by research suggest- 1911 The Bulletin notes that A Lawyer’s Resume their proper eruditions,/Though ing that K-12 students were intimidated Recollections, by George Torrey, A.B. some regret it.” by computer science and had narrow ideas 1859, LL.B. 1861, reveals that in his day about what the field is and what kind of the only requirement for an LL.B. was 1976 The Adams House Raft Race people can succeed in it, said Lien Diaz, that the candidate enter his name as a draws more than 25 entries from Harvard, the director of the College Board’s entire student at the Law School and pay his Radcliffe, and Cambridge public schools to AP program. The new curriculum aims to term fees. the Charles. The Collegium Musicum’s convey “the excitement that’s built around craft finishes first, its crew singing as they what you can do with programming,” Diaz 1916 Newly planted elms in the Col- paddle. (Many contestants sink early.) explained, and to draw in more women lege Yard are restoring greenness to a and minority students, who are under- “blinding wilderness,” observes a Bulletin 1991 Under a consent decree, all eight represented in computer science. “I believe editorialist, applauding a decision to Ivy League colleges agree to abandon that is what David Malan tries to do,” she “check an increasing disturbance of the shared guidelines for undergraduate fi- said. The College Board expects to endorse academic peace” by closing certain roads nancial aid, given a Justice Department CS50’s curriculum, as well as curricula de- in the Yard against “the menace and nois- contention that such cooperation vio- veloped by other universities and private iness of the automobile.” lates antitrust laws. companies, all as teaching options for AP CS Principles. 1936 Dedication exercises for the Old 2001A 21-day “living-wage” sit-in at But CS50’s AP curriculum is hardly wa- Yard’s restored College pump are held, Massachusetts Hall, apparently the longest tered down. The course teaches C, an old 35 years after it was blown up by a secret such protest in Harvard history to that and notoriously opaque programming lan- undergraduate society, the Med. Fac. Se- date, ends on May 8, after negotiations in guage, while some of the other introduc- nior College alumnus Henry Munroe which the University agrees to freeze fur- tory curricula opt for high-level languages Rogers ’62 takes the first drink. ther outsourcing of jobs and accelerate a that are easier to use, but teach students contract renegotia- less about how computer processes work. 1946 Phi Beta Kappa poet W.H. tion with the union Kathleen O’Shaughnessey, a teacher at the Auden describes a university in which for its custodial private Hopkins School in New Haven, undergraduates with “nerves that never workers. believes CS50’s combination of rigorous flinched at slaughter/Are shot to pieces material and encouraging pedagogy helps by the shorter/Poems of Donne” and students understand computer-science “Professors back from principles with more depth than other secret missions/ curricula. “What Malan’s curriculum seems to do so well is create problems that reveal easy-to-miss details of computer science without totally alienating the less comfortable students,” she said. “It feels much more empowering than how my own C education at Yale went.” Diaz agreed that CS50’s curriculum involves more serious programming than other curricula developed for AP CS Principles. Recruiting qualified teachers continues to be a barrier to implementing K-12 computer-science education on a mass scale. Computer-science professionals considering second careers have little incentive to consider teaching unless they have an intrinsic interest in the field: said Yakes,

Illustration by Mark Steele

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 who left a job in IT to become a teacher, “I in New Jersey. “Without some major ef- have the resources to expose students to could be making twice as much, at least, as forts, they’re going to be left even further computer science before college. The pri- what I’m making now.” Meanwhile, some behind.” vate sector does. Bridging that divide is a states lack programs to train education stu- But there’s a pragmatic argument for national priority—but in the short term, dents to become computer-science teachers, inviting the software industry into class- turning private interests away on prin- and even teachers with computer-science rooms. At the moment, O’Shaughnessey ciple, she said, “doesn’t make any sense.” training, like O’Shaughnessey, can have stressed, most schools don’t believe they vmarina bolotnikova qualms. “I had a computer-science degree and honestly found [the CS50 curriculum] intimidating,” she admitted, before adding, “It would be a shame if teachers didn’t Larry Summers Reflects take on this curriculum because it’s too hard for them, rather than too hard for their stu- In the decade since Lawrence H. Sum- dents.” mers departed Massachusetts Hall, the for- Teachers interviewed for this story said mer Harvard president, now Eliot Univer- they welcome the software industry’s in- sity Professor, took a sabbatical; resumed volvement in computer-science education, teaching; joined President Barack Obama’s as long as corporations don’t influence administration to help secure recovery what’s in the curriculum. Yakes said CS50’s from the recession; and then re-engaged as partnership with Microsoft motivates her a teacher, economics scholar, and partici- students and opens them to new intellec- pant in high-level policy discussions around tual and career opportunities, but “I defi- the globe. Harvard Magazine visited Summers nitely don’t want Microsoft telling me what at his Kennedy School office for a reflective I should be teaching in my course.” Malan conversation about these activities and some has said that Microsoft isn’t involved in of the ideas that interest him now. The com- developing the curriculum: “They’ve been plete transcript appears at harvardmag. involved in bringing people together, the com/summers-16; highlights follow. running of the workshops, and so forth. But the curriculum remains the same [as it • On the economic crisis: The economic was a few years ago].” statistics were, by almost any measure, Lawrence H. Summers The line sometimes appears fuzzy: for worse in the fall of 2008 and the winter of wife’s colleagues put it very well when example, a CS50 AP blog post last sum- 2009 than they had been in the fall of 1929 he said Harvard will have to choose in the mer indicated that Microsoft interns had and the winter of 1930. And we were able years ahead between its commitment to created some of the course materials. Cor- to produce an outcome that, while unsat- preeminence and its commitment to doing porate partnerships might also influence isfactory in many respects, was infinitely things in its traditional ways. I’ve always students in subtler ways. When CS50 better than the outcome that played out in been clearly on one side of that—respect- hosted a hackathon for high-school stu- the early 1930s—or the outcome that has ing tradition, but focusing on the future. dents in New York City (similar to the played out in Europe and in Japan. • On technology and distance learning: I course hackathons for undergraduates), • On higher education’s role—and chal- think Harvard has the potential to multiply for example, O’Shaughnessey said her stu- lenges: I still think what I thought through- its impact on the world threefold or five- dents “had a blast. They got to meet real out my time as Harvard president—that fold or tenfold, through reaching the entire professionals, and asked this woman from universities have never had a greater oppor- planet with the knowledge that is here and Microsoft great questions about what she tunity to transform the world, because the the capacity to teach and impart knowledge does for a living. They left with Microsoft world is ever more driven by ideas. It’s ever that is here, in a way that would have been stickers and bags and stuff.” Such events more driven by personal connections that unimaginable when I was a graduate stu- may prime students to imagine jobs for cross boundaries of nations, of class, and dent here in the 1970s or when I was on the themselves at proprietary software com- of ethnicity. And the older I get, the more I faculty in the 1980s. Any student, anywhere, panies, rather than other careers involving realize that the ways in which people think could have substantially the experience of computer science—academic research, and act are products of the experiences they taking Harvard’s great courses and increas- for example, or data journalism, or public had when they were young. So I’m ever more ingly benefiting from the interactions that service. And to the extent that affluent convinced of the importance of universities. make this such a great place.… schools are more likely to take on CS50 At the same time, I hold to the convic- Distance education and the use of the than disadvantaged schools, already privi- tion that I expressed in my inaugural Internet are perhaps the most important leged students are those most likely to speech as Harvard president and my vale- things that are going to be disruptive in benefit from the private sector’s resource- dictory speech that the greatest threat to higher education. sharing. “I do wonder about the oppor- universities in general—and to Harvard in • On today’s economic situation: Let me tunities for less privileged kids,” said An- particular—is complacency, and an exces- talk about…the macroeconomic and ana- drew Judkis, a teacher at a magnet school sive attachment to tradition. One of my lytic research I’ve done on the idea of secu-

Photographs by Jim Harrison Harvard Magazine 25 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 John Harvard's Journal

any time since the we’re short on spending, measures like in- Second World creases in the minimum wage and support for War, and if you fair treatment to union organizers, which pro- take deprecia- mote economic equity, offer the prospect tion out, it is es- of increased spending, increased demand, sentially zero. and economic growth. Increased public • On steering through “political distem- investment would per”: We’re caught in a difficult moment raise employment of political distemper. I’m inherently an in the short run, optimist (though Donald Trump chal- would increase the lenges that optimism).…What worries economy’s capacity me is that we seem to be losing faith in in the medium run, our public institutions—and responding and, by avoiding de- by making it harder and harder for them ferred maintenance, to succeed as their resources are cut and lar stagnation….A striking fact about the would reduce the liabilities that our chil- more and more requirements are imposed world right now is that the United States dren’s generation will inherit. on them. Then there is a vicious cycle of has a 10-year bond rate of 1.8 percent— Equally important is stimulating private poor performance, reduced support, and and that is very high by global standards…. investment. There’s no better time than the poorer performance. What that’s telling us is that markets don’t present to shift away from coal…and to The ultimate challenge for the next expect a return to 2 percent inflation even start producing power in more environ- president is to reverse this cycle. Without over a decade…. mentally sustainable ways.… confidence in their government, I think Something like this occurred during the There’s also, in my judgment, a compel- the American people will have trouble be- 1930s and led Harvard economist Alvin ling case for immigration reform that would ing confident in their future. And without Hansen to put forward the idea of “secular keep more skilled workers and entre- an America that is confident in its future, stagnation.” Essentially, Hansen’s idea was preneurs in this country.… And critically, other nations will become ever more inse- that an economy may find itself with a pro- in the current economic context, where cure and fractious. pensity to save that is very high, relative to its propensity to invest in new physical capital. Introductory economics would say that Campus Campaign That message is coupled with language in such a situation the interest rate should about “powerful statistical evidence” of decline, discouraging savings and encour- Harvard’s own 2016 campaign is in full an “Asian quota” in admissions—leading aging investment, and bring about balance. swing, as eligible degree-holders mull their to their statement, “Racial discrimina- But there are limits to how far interest rates choices in the annual election of members of tion against Asian-American students has can fall, since people can just hold cash, and the Board of Overseers—unusually contest- no place at Harvard University and must since excessively low interest rates may cre- ed this year—and Harvard Alumni Associa- end.” Second, they “demand the immediate financial bubbles. So it may be that in- tion (HAA) directors. The full slates—eight ate elimination of all tuition for under- terest rates never get low enough to enable HAA-nominated Overseer candidates and graduates since the revenue generated is investment to absorb all the desired saving. the five challengers who successfully peti- negligible compared to the investment The result is a tendency toward sluggish tioned for a place on the ballot, vying for five income of the endowment.” They link growth, low inflation, and very low interest places on the 30-person Board—appear on this proposal to the notion that moving rates—exactly what we’ve seen.… pages 74-75. Ballots were mailed by April 1, from financial aid to a tuition-free model So I believe we have a real macroeco- and must be returned by May 20, in time would more readily promote diversity in nomic challenge that’s very different than for the results to be tallied and announced the student body because, they suggest, the one that we have had traditionally: during the HAA’s annual meeting on the “relatively few less affluent families even generating enough demand in a financial- afternoon of Commencement day, May 26. bother applying because they assume that ly sustainable way to absorb all that the As reported (see “Crimson Contest,” a Harvard education is reserved only for economy is capable of producing. page 29), a group of five candidates or- the rich,” despite the existence of finan- • On policy responses: There are a ganized by Ron Unz ’83 under the “Free cial aid. number of things that flow from this anal- Harvard/Fair Harvard” (FHFH) banner In opposition, a group of alumni or- ysis. announced in January that they would pe- ganized as the Coalition for a Diverse First and most obviously, it makes a com- tition for places on the Overseers’ ballot. Harvard have focused particularly on the pelling case for expanded public investment in They were successful. admissions part of the FHFH platform, infrastructure. Money has never been cheaper, Their campaign advances two linked and on some of the FHFH candidates’ material costs have rarely been lower, and proposals. First, they “demand far greater expressed antipathy toward admissions there are large numbers of construction transparency in the admissions process, policies that incorporate consideration of workers who are still out of work.…Our in- which today is opaque and therefore applicants’ racial or ethnic background. frastructure investment rate is lower than at subject to hidden favoritism and abuse.” As the Coalition’s website notes, the

26 May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 The Power of IP Campuses under Pressure In vivid examples of the potential value of Chancellor Nicholas B. Dirks of the Uni- inventions, two universities have reaped Brevia versity of California, Berkeley, one of rewards from their scholarly output. the nation’s preeminent public research Carnegie Mellon University received universities, said in February that the in- $750 million from Marvell Group stitution faced severe “continuing and Marvell Semiconductor to financial challenges,” requiring “re- settle a patent dispute. After the examination of all our discretionary inventors’ share (distributed to expenditures, including athletics and a professor and former student) capital costs.” Facing limits on state and payment of all legal fees and appropriations, a tuition freeze, pres- expenses, CMU banked $250 mil- sure to restrain out-of-state enroll- lion, to be applied to financial aid ments (those students pay more), and the student experience. And and higher costs for everything from UCLA sold its royalty interest in employee benefits to seismic safety a prostate-cancer medicine, de- for its campus, Berkeley faces a re- veloped on the basis of discover- ported $150-million deficit this year. ies made by campus researchers; Meanwhile, Cornell announced in the cash payment of $1.14 billion, February that it could no longer plus possible future sums tied to maintain need-blind admission for drug sales, yielded $520 million international applicants, and will for the institution, which will de- have to revert to “need-aware” ad- vote the funds to research, finan- missions. (Amherst, Harvard, MIT, cial aid, and graduate-student Princeton, and Yale are thought to be fellowships. In a smaller-scale the only remaining need-blind col- step in this direction, Harvard leges for international students.) announced that it had licensed a compound to Merck, for investi- A Void in Ithaca gation as a leukemia therapy, for Elizabeth Garrett, who became a $20-million fee. Hailing from Harvard. To fill the president of Cornell last July, in Feb- Supreme Court vacancy created by the ruary announced that she would go on death of Justice Antonin Scalia, LL.B. Stanford Stays the Course ’60, President Barack Obama, J.D. ’91, leave to undergo treatment for colon can- With its president, John L. Hennessy— on March 16 nominated Merrick B. cer. Her death, at age 52, came on March computer scientist, technology entre- Garland ’74, J.D. ’77, chief judge of the 6. President Drew Faust called her “an ex- preneur, and corporate board member– U.S. Court of Appeals, District of traordinarily thoughtful and vibrant col- Columbia Circuit. Of parochial stepping down, Stanford is staying the interest, apart from his career of league,” and noted, “I am profoundly sad- course, and perhaps signaling its view public service and private legal dened by her untimely death.…American of the Next Big Thing—in life sciences. practice, Garland’s official biography higher education has lost a great leader notes that the social studies concentra- Its new president will be neuroscientist tor graduated summa cum laude from and champion, and I send deepest condo- Marc Tessier-Lavigne: former Stanford the College, and magna cum laude lences to our friends at Cornell.” Hunter professor, former chief scientific officer from the Law School, where he has R. Rawlings III, Cornell’s president from at Genentech, entrepreneur, and cur- taught. A former freshman proctor 1995 to 2003 and interim president in and resident tutor in Quincy House, rent president of Rockefeller University. Garland in 2003 was elected to 2005-2006, will return to Ithaca as interim Meanwhile, the university announced Harvard’s Board of Overseers, filling president again, beginning in late April. it had raised more than $700 million to the unexpired term of future Massa- endow the [Philip] Knight-Hennessy chusetts governor Deval Patrick ’78, Nota Bene J.D. ’82, LL.D. ’15, who had stepped Scholars Program, which will bring down. The next year, Garland was Dialing back contact. Amid concerns graduate students to Stanford for lead- elected to a full six-year term, which he about concussions and brain trauma, the ership training—a sort of Palo Alto concluded as president of the board. Ivy League has voted to eliminate full- The Crimson ties extend to Garland’s Rhodes-Marshall scholarship, with the wife, Lynn Rosenman Garland ’82, and contact football practices during the lead gift from the co-founder of Nike Inc., sister, Heidi Garland ’81, J.D. ’84. regular season. The measure, enacted by and Hennessy in charge. The Chronicle of coaches in late February, complements Higher Education profiled Stanford’s pilot Obama is scheduled to serve as host for existing limits on full-contact tackling CS+X program, melding student stud- the 2016 Global Entrepreneurship Sum- during spring and preseason practices ies in computer science with any of 14 mit, with Stanford as a partner and ven- and scrimmages, when live tackling is humanities programs. And President ue, in late June. permitted.

Photograph by Rex Features/Associated Press Harvard Magazine 27 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 John Harvard's Journal

Admissions and tuition. The College GoMES COMES HOME. A admitted 2,037 of the 39,041 applicants portrait of the late Reverend Peter J. Gomes, Plummer to the class of 2020—5.2 percent, down professor of Christian morals and fractionally from 5.3 percent last year. Pusey minister in the Memorial Those who matriculate will face a nomi- Church from 1974 to 2011, was installed in the Faculty Room of

nal term bill (tuition, room, board, and ollege University Hall following a March fees) of $63,025, up 3.9 percent from the

31 unveiling ceremony. Gomes, ard C

current academic year; but for a majority who spoke often at the faculty ar v of the class, of course, all or some of that meetings held there, would no doubt delight in joining the august expense is offset by financial aid. Com- portraits on display; his hangs ellows of H plete details are available at harvardmag. directly over the seat he habitu- com/2020-16. ally occupied. The Faculty Room portraits first included a woman’s image only in 1995; with Gomes’s Honored historians. Harvard Univer- arrival, they are now integrated, sity Press published two of the three too. Read a full account at

winners of the Bancroft Prize, perhaps harvardmag.com/gomes-16. useums, © P resident and F

the top laurel for works of American rt M

history: Madison’s Hand: Revising the Con- to the Harvard-MIT edX online ard A ar v

stitutional Convention, by Boston College course venture, has moved further H Law School’s Mary Sarah Bilder, J.D. ’90, toward monetizing its services. In Janu- office.…Bloomberg reported in January Ph.D. ’00, and Border Law: The First Seminole ary, it ended the free option for students that two senior officers who departed War and American Nationhood, by Lafayette who wish to have their work graded and Harvard Management Company last College’s Deborah A. Rosen. to earn a certificate of completion (they year—Satu Parikh (commodities) and may still browse free of charge). In Feb- Marco Barrozo (fixed income)—have Acclaimed authors. National Book Crit- ruary, it launched project-based courses joined forces to establish HSQ Capital, a ics Circle honorands include poet and (building an app, creating a website, and new hedge fund (see harvardmag.com/ Radcliffe Institute FellowRoss Gay (see so on), for free or on a certified, fee basis. endowmentupdate-16).…Reflecting geo- harvardmag.com/gay-16), for Catalog of political change, Harvard Alumni Trav- Unabashed Gratitude, and biographer Char- Miscellany. The Harvard Union of els destinations this spring include two lotte Gordon ’84, for Romantic Outlaws: The Clerical and Technical Workers over- places “less visited by Americans”: Cuba Extraordinary Lives of Mary Wollstonecraft and whelmingly approved a new contract and Iran.…As renovation of the former Her Daughter Mary Shelley.…Separately, novel- with the University in late February; Holyoke Center and its partial conver- ist C.E. Morgan, M.T.S. ’07, won a $150,000 members will not be subject to the coin- sion into public spaces as Smith Campus Windham-Campbell Prize in fiction, con- surance fees and deductibles for medical Center gears up, Harvard has leased the ferred by Yale, to support her writing. care imposed on nonunion employees newly constructed office building at114 starting in 2015 (see harvardmag.com/ Mount Auburn Street, near the Kennedy Making money from MOOCs. Cours- huctw-16).…Continuing a string of hir- School and Charles Hotel, and moved era, the principal for-profit competitor ings in computer science, the School of numerous medical, benefits, and admin- Engineering and Applied Sciences has istrative offices (including the news and announced the appointment of Cynthia public-affairs staff) to fresh quarters.… Dwork—a leading researcher on privacy, Kate Sofis ’89, executive director of SF- cryptography, and distributed comput- Made, which promotes local manufac- ing—as McKay professor of computer turing and employment opportunities science, beginning in January. She comes for disadvantaged workers, has won a from Microsoft Research’s Silicon Valley $200,000 James Irvine Foundation Lead- ership Award, conferred on innovators Going Hollywood. Following the who address significant challenges in College and Law School Class Day California.…Harvard’s new Milestone speakers, actresses Rashida Jones ’97 Recognition Program, meant to honor a (see harvardmag.com/jones-16) and Sarah Jessica Parker (see harvardmag. broader range of long-term employees on mith com/parker-16), the Commencement significant service anniversaries, comes afternoon talk will be headlined by

owen S complete with connections to O.C. Tan- director Steven Spielberg—Schindler’s ner, a vendor specializing in recognition rian B List, Saving Private Ryan, and Amistad, and popular entertainments including and engagement services; it ships a “per- Jaws, E.T., and Jurassic Park (see sonalized” catalog of gift options, includ- harvardmag.com/spielberg-16). ing watches, insignia items, and so on. hotograph B by P

28 May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 campaign “was launched by Harvard and Radcliffe alumni to take a stand against Crimson Contest the FHFH slate—and in favor of race-con- scious and holistic admissions practices As a convenience to readers, here are sources for information about this year’s that support campus diversity.” Coalition election of five new members to the Board of Overseers. members have also supported the current • Harvard Magazine reports, including extensive background on members of the financial-aid program, and criticized the slate, the petitioners’ platform and the University policies they challenge, discussion proposal to abolish tuition as a giveaway of their arguments, and critiques by opposing alumni—all available at harvardmag- to the families of upper-income appli- azine.com/overseerelection cants and students. The group collected • The University-HAA elections page, with candidate profiles and an FAQ, www. statements on the issues from all 13 Over- harvard.edu/elections-2016 seer candidates, published them online, • The University-HAA elections page, with candidate profiles and an FAQ, • Free and then, on March 25, endorsed five for Harvard/Fair Harvard (petition candidates’ website), www.freeharvard.org election—all from among the eight HAA • Coalition for a Diverse Harvard website (alumni opposing the petitioner slate), nominees. www.diverseharvard.org Both petitioner proposals are at odds with University policies and practices. In an interview, President Drew Faust said, Separately, five past presidents of the alumni. As in the U.S. presidential caucuses “Free tuition is a really bad idea. It would Board of Overseers wrote to the magazine, and primaries, turnout may matter: in re- mean we would be subsidizing significant- addressing these issues; their letter ap- cent elections, an average of 11 percent of the ly people who could afford to pay Harvard pears in full beginning on page 5. 250,000 or so eligible voters have returned tuition, and our sense has always been that Now the matter rests in the hands of their ballots. vjohn s. rosenberg Harvard’s resources should be devoted to enabling those who otherwise would be unable to come to Harvard….” Citing News Briefs sault occurs” with disproportionate fre- the University’s financial model, she said, quency. Accordingly, the task force urged “When we think about the wide range of Preventing Sexual Assault the College to pursue “nondiscriminatory purposes to which we devote resources, The final report of the University’s task and open membership practices” at the they include more than tuition. They in- force on the prevention of sexual assault, clubs—and, failing changes in behavior, to clude spaces, faculty salaries, research— chaired by former provost Steven E. Hyman, pursue “any alternative approaches” that and if we were to subsidize those who recommended that each Harvard school in- the University may find necessary. The were not in need of subsidy, we would be stitute mandatory, annual assault-preven- discussion of final clubs was part of the taking resources away from those very im- tion training for all students—with special report’s larger focus on community and portant purposes at Harvard.” emphasis on alcohol education for under- culture—“what it means to be a citizen of And she reiterated support for the long- graduates. The report, issued March 8 and this campus and the nature of our respon- standing admissions policies: “I also have accepted for implementation by President sibilities to one another.” Read a detailed a deep commitment to our admissions Drew Faust, also proposed a new senior po- report at harvardmag.com/assault-16. process, which looks at students as indi- sition, reporting to the provost, to coordi- viduals and considers the wide range of nate activities University-wide relating to A Shield Retired attributes that they possess and would sexual assault and harassment—including Following the recommendation of a Har- bring to bear on this community, because prevention, response to incidents, and edu- vard Law School (HLS) committee (see har- so much of what this community is about cation. And it called for additional resources vardmag.com/shield-16), the Corporation is the interactions between and among for the bisexual, gay, lesbian, transgendered, on March 14 agreed to retire the school’s students as well as what they learn direct- and queer (BGLTQ) community, where sur- shield (see harvardmag.com/hlsshield-16). ly from the faculty members. So who will vey results showed the incidence of sexual The shield, adopted in 1936, is modeled on be a vibrant member of this community, assault is disproportionately high. the coat of arms of the slaveholding Royall both within the classroom and beyond the The task force also focused attention family, whose fortune endowed Harvard’s classroom, is a very important part of our on private single- first professorship of law. In their letter to assessment of student qualifications. And sex final clubs, Dean Martha Minow conveying the Corpo- we therefore want to take into account in light of their ration’s decision, President Drew Faust and many of these attributes as we consider “disproportion- Senior Fellow William F. Lee wrote that admissions, and having the diversity of ate influence on the school should “have the opportunity” to backgrounds, experiences, identities, ori- campus culture” propose a new shield, perhaps in time for its gins among our student body is a critical and evidence bicentennial next year—“one conducive to part of that. Race as one factor considered that they help unifying the law school community rather among all of those has been an important “perpetuate an than dividing it.” In so doing, the Corpora- dimension of how we’ve thought about environment mitchell/hpac stephanie tion proceeded “on the understanding that this diversity.…” where sexual as- Steven F. Hyman the school will actively explore other steps

Harvard Magazine 29 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 John Harvard's Journal

to recognize rather than of $6.5 billion—with three unions (see harvardmag.com/labor-16). In to suppress the realities of years to go until the drive the meantime, with student organizers fo- its history, mindful of our concludes at the end of 2018. cusing on disparities in child-care subsidies shared obligation to honor Since the campaign report- and insurance costs, the University doubled, the past not by seeking to ed gifts and pledges of $6 to 12 weeks, paid time off from teaching or erase it, but rather by bring- billion by mid 2015, at least research for graduate students who become ing it to light and learning $200 million more has been new parents (harvardmag.com/union-16). from it.” recorded, with the Kennedy Meanwhile, as students and Business Schools nearing Lowell House Offline on many other campuses chal- their overall goals. Every school Given Lowell House’s size and complexity, lenged their schools’ historical has passed its halfway mark, and its renovation—part of the renewal of under- connections to slavery and racism, President Drew Faust announced graduate residences—will require two years, Amherst College trustees agreed to at a Boston campaign event on March 1 twice the duration of the Dunster project drop the “Lord Jeff”[rey Amherst] mascot, that $730 million had been secured for finan- (already completed), and Winthrop’s refur- acknowledging that British commander’s cial aid, a principal goal. Fundraising totals bishment and expansion (scheduled to begin ties to efforts to kill Native Americans for the Faculty of Arts and Sciences and its right after Commencement). The work on with smallpox-contaminated blankets. engineering and applied sciences school, the Lowell, the House leaders disclosed in Feb- Calhoun College, a Yale undergraduate Law School, and central University priori- ruary (see harvardmag.com/lowell-16), will residence, has removed three portraits of ties (such as the new engineering complex last from the summer of 2017 until students John C. Calhoun, a leading secessionist in Allston) have not yet been updated; they move back in for the fall term in 2019: impos- and defender of slavery (and the name of represent, collectively, about half the overall ing a protracted period of residence in the the residential college is under reconsid- campaign, so it seems certain that the drive repurposed Inn at Harvard and nearby apart- eration). And Brown faculty members was well past the $6.2-billion mark as 2016 ment buildings along Massachusetts Avenue endorsed a student suggestion to rename began. Read a detailed report at harvardmag. and Prescott Street. When they are redomi- Columbus Day as Indigenous People’s Day. com/campaigngoal-16. ciled, President Drew Faust told a capital- campaign event in early March, one-third of “House Master” No More A Graduate-Student Union? upperclassmen and -women will reside in Faculty of Arts and Sciences (FAS) dean The Harvard Graduate Students Union renovated space. Adams, Eliot, and Kirkland, Michael D. Smith announced in late Febru- (HGSU), which began collecting signatures meanwhile, remain on deck (and perhaps the ary that the leaders of undergraduate Hous- in support of unionizing last fall, reported not-yet-renewed parts of Leverett and Quin- es would now be called “Faculty Dean,” that a majority of graduate students whom cy, plus the Quad Houses)—an indication supplanting the prior title, “master” (see they consider workers—those who teach of the large scale of House renewal overall. harvardmag.com/ or work in labs as part of their degree pro- masters-16). In his grams—have signed up (see harvardmag. Allston Advances notice, Smith recom/labor-16). The National Labor Rela- As winter turned to spring, the University sponded to criti- tions Board (NLRB) has ruled in previous advanced its development plans for Allston. cisms that the cases that graduate students aren’t entitled In mid March, the Boston Redevelopment change reflected a to collective bargaining rights, but students Authority approved the “Life Lab,” a new fa- misunderstanding and administrators nationwide are awaiting cility adjacent to Harvard’s entrepreneurial of the etymology of a decision that could reverse that position, i-lab, designed to accommodate growing in- “master” (as pos- forcing Harvard and other private institu- frastructure for life-sciences ventures. (The

stephanie mitchell/hpac mitchell/hpac stephanie sibly connected to tions to recognize graduate-student labor i-lab itself is not equipped with laboratories.) Michael D. Smith America’s history unions. In late February, Harvard and eight BRA action on the Science and Engineering of slavery), or “that we lacked a proper ap- peer universities filed an amicus brief with Complex—new construction and a renova- preciation for the history of the title at Har- the NLRB, arguing against a requirement tion intended to house much of the engineer- vard and the European institutions” from that private institutions recognize such ing and applied sciences faculty—was ex- which it derived. Not so, he said: “Titles can pected in mid April, as this and should change when such a change serves issue went to press; if that our mission”—in this case, reflecting House Lowell House schedule holds, construc- leaders’ “high standing in the joint academic tion should be under way and administrative hierarchy of the College.” this summer. And Harvard has detailed its extensive The Campaign Comes Closer program of renovations

Although no formal report has been is- JC planned for Soldiers Field sued on The Harvard Campaign’s progress Park, the graduate-stu- through last December 31, data from a num- dent housing complex ard magazine/ard

ber of schools suggest that the fundraisers v on the eastern edge of the

had already come close to their nominal goal har Business School campus.

30 May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Details are available at harvard- The planned Life Lab in Allston mag.com/lifelab-16. Separately, the University has appointed Steven D. Fessler, a commercial real-estate veteran, as head of enterprise real estate, a new position. He will direct efforts to create an “enterprise research campus,” with com- oston mercial and nonprofit tenants, and residential and service uthority amenities, on a 36-acre Allston parcel across Western Avenue elopment A elopment from Harvard Business School v endering courtesy of the B R and east of the engineering and R ede applied sciences complex. For further in- and that pass/fail encouraged students cific legislation because, like the NEC col- formation, see harvardmag.com/fessler-16. to stretch intellectually with unfamiliar laboration, it requires students to pay for content, rather than look for an easy class. private lessons throughout their course of General Education Reconstituted Smith, and some fellow faculty members, study—in this case, to the tune of $8,000 per The vote to restructure undergradu- thought that trade-off worthwhile. year. On equity grounds, opponents said, ates’ General Education courses was Second, the matter of money came up this appeared to contradict Harvard’s com- never in doubt when the Faculty of Arts (and in other contexts, too: see below). The mitment to need-blind financial aid, and to and Sciences (FAS) met on March 1, and Gen Ed review that preceded the legisla- disqualify lower-income students. indeed the measure passed overwhelm- tion focused on the cost of developing new, During the two faculty meetings at ingly. When the new requirements take nondepartmental courses; the desirability which the issue was aired, Dean Michael effect (perhaps in the 2018 fall term), the of appointing dedicated preceptors who D. Smith pointed out that the master’s current eight categories of classes will be could remain with large courses taught for program belonged to a different school, gone. In their place, students will take one several years; and, a perennial wish, smaller not to Harvard; that the partner institu- course each in four categories (aesthetics section sizes. Though a budget has not been tion would seek funding for aid (the jazz and culture; histories, societies, individu- set, Dean Smith said that Gen Ed was an track is already fully funded for accepted als; science and technology in society; and FAS faculty priority, and therefore a pri- students); and that although the sum re- ethics and civics); plus three departmen- ority for him. He promised that sufficient quired—perhaps $50,000 per year for a tal courses, distributed among the FAS investment would be forthcoming to make typical student cohort—was not large, divisions (arts and humanities; social sci- Gen Ed the good program faculty members he would not and could not do fundrais- ence; science and engineering and applied sought, but also reminded those attending ing for another school, and that the faculty sciences); and a new course chosen from of “the financial constraints we have today.” already faced trade-offs among numerous offerings to be created in some aspect of Observing later in the discussion that FAS requests for sums of that (and of course empirical and mathematical reasoning, “can’t create resources from nothing,” he much larger) size. Those arguments pre- or, as one speaker put it, “critical reason- urged colleagues to support future deci- vailed on March 1, given unanimous facul- ing about data.” (See harvardmag.com/ sions, perhaps involving difficult trade-offs, ty support for the joint degree on its edu- curriculum-16.) to secure necessary resources for Gen Ed cational merits. But they seemed to reflect But two controversies arose in the de- and other priorities—even if those had to some distance between faculty members’ bate. First, the legislation introduced a be deployed from current programs. understanding of FAS’s finances, and their new wrinkle: with the instructor’s con- dean’s, in the midst of a capital campaign sent, students can take one of the four Gen Eking Out Aid that aims to raise at least $2.5 billion. Ed courses pass/fail, rather than for a let- FAS’s approval of a new five-year, Col- ter grade. (The distribution courses may lege-Berklee College of Music program Funding Faculty Research also be taken pass/fail, on the same basis; was never in doubt, either. Like an earlier One allocation of FAS funds that the fac- and some students may place out of the joint-degree program with New England ulty surely embraces concerns substantial new quantitative-reasoning course.) Some Conservatory (NEC), this one enables un- new support for research—a source of rising professors objected that a pass/fail option dergraduates to earn a Crimson A.B. and anxiety in recent years as federal grants have would signal a dumbing-down of Gen then a master of music degree at Berklee become increasingly constrained and com- Ed courses and invite students to skate (in fields not offered at Harvard, such as petitive. In a note to colleagues on March 3, through their requirements. Others, in- film scoring, contemporary music perfor- Dean Michael D. Smith announced an an- cluding Dean Michael D. Smith, said that mance, global jazz, music business, or mu- nual $5-million boost in direct support to in their own teaching, pass/fail students sic therapy). All faculty speakers supported individual professors, effective in the fiscal routinely performed at a higher level than this broadening of educational opportuni- year beginning July 1. those who were graded in their courses— ties. But a few strongly opposed the spe- The Dean’s Distribution—$1,000 made

Harvard Magazine 31 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 John Harvard's Journal available each year for any use except a ary funding towards those with fewer research; and as enabling subventions for professor’s own compensation—will be funding opportunities.” external fellowships and critically needed doubled “for those faculty with past spon- Separately, to augment external gift or equipment. In an era of cautious federal sored-research funding or in departments grant funding, a new Dean’s Competitive and corporate support for some of the typically receiving sponsored research” Fund for Promising Scholarship, bud- most promising, but least conventional (i.e., the sciences and much of the social geted at $2.5 million annually, will award and predictable research, such flexible, sciences). For other colleagues (presum- sums of $5,000 to $50,000. The sums aim unencumbered support is expected to be ably those in the arts and humanities, to serve as bridge funding on continu- especially valuable. especially), the distribution will rise to ing work that has not yet won external vReported by Marina Bolotnikova, Laura Levis, $4,000, thus “direct[ing] more discretion- grants; as seed funding for novel, original John S. Rosenberg, and Jonathan Shaw

The Undergraduate titioned the Commonwealth of Massa- chusetts for reparations at age 63, in 1783, and was granted a pension of 15 pounds, 12 shillings—to be paid from the estate of “I Do Not Abide” Isaac Royall. Her petition is one of the earliest successful calls for reparations. Reclaim HLS had filled the space with by jenny gathright ’16 students who had reached out across the University and beyond to form a community of change-makers that included studied for my first set of college fi- meant to convey a certain degree of malle- other students, workers, staff, professors, nals in Harvard Law School’s student ability—that the space could be what stu- and any other folks who expressed inter- center. Lamont Library, frequented by dents make of it. But back then, the hall felt est in engaging with them and the work first-years, gave me too much anxiety, emotionless and sterile. they are trying to do. The student center Iso I made myself a study spot on a law school When I returned to the law school is open 24 hours a day to HLS students, so couch. Every day for a week, I went back this February, the hall had been remade. the occupiers took up their school’s offer: to study calculus in that unfamiliar place, A group of students called Reclaim HLS they slept there at night, hung out there all because I wanted to feel invisible. The ar- had occupied and renamed the space Be- day, and organized fireside chats, reading chitecture of Wasserstein and the adjoin- linda Hall, after Belinda Royall, a woman groups, lectures, birthday parties, and any ing Caspersen Student Center doesn’t feel enslaved by the Royall family; part of other programming they saw fit. grounded in old history the way other build- the Royall fortune underwrote the first Almost two months later, they remain ings do. Perhaps its contemporary feel is professorship of law at Harvard. She pe- active. Reclaim HLS issued a set of demands for the Harvard administration last De- cember, but they aren’t waiting on the dean of the law school to make the changes they want to see. Alongside their calls for critical race theory courses and learning that incorporates discussion of race, class, nationality, gender, religion, and sexual ori- entation into classroom readings in the law, Re- claim HLS themselves host political-education study Desmond Green ’17, Peryn Reeves-Darby ’18, Lethu Ntshinga ’18 (obscured), Genesis DeLos Santos ’19, Angelica Chima ’19, Caleb Lewis ’17, and Jonathan Sands ’17 at rehearsal for Black Magic, a student- written and -directed show on the Loeb mainstage

32 May - June 2016 Photograph by Stu Rosner Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 groups multiple nights a week. They invite to see, is being systematically put to work putting up an original all-black play on professors of color and community mem- far beyond this University, by the organizers the Loeb mainstage. There are students of bers to come teach what isn’t being taught of Black Lives Matter. They have famously color writing theses that insert the stories in formal HLS classrooms. They tackle pa- interrupted presidential candidates’ rallies of their people into the archives. pers and books together and inject their and speeches, but they aren’t depending on We cannot forget that injustice at Har- personal experiences into the learning elected leaders as the ultimate source of lib- vard, like injustice everywhere, ultimately process. They create and live the school eration. In an interview with the Democracy lands on the body. It lands on the bodies of they want. Now! news show, Black Lives Matter orga- academics of color who furiously publish Inspired by the folks in Belinda Hall, I nizer Melinda Abdullah explains the deci- and mentor, taking on physical and emo- took my own look at some Harvard history. sion not to endorse a candidate: “We want tional labor that may not be asked of their I read Harvard Magazine’s April 1969 strike to put our time and energy in the develop- white counterparts. It lands on the bod- coverage because I wanted to learn how ment of people to act in their own interests ies of Harvard workers’ family members institutions change. I knew that the activ- and on their own behalf.” whose necessary surgery is financially out ism of black students then at Harvard got Activism isn’t solely about asking au- of reach. I do not believe that I can imagine us our African-American studies depart- thority for the things you want. It’s about these realities away. But I do believe that ment and an Afro-American Cultural Cen- creating the world you want for yourself, imagination-work is valuable—it allows ter (which no longer exists in any kind of right now. Nicholas Gagarin knew this. us to affirm that there could be other ways permanent physical structure). I also knew Black Lives Matter knows this. And this for us to live and relate to each other. that my choir, The Kuumba Singers of kind of radical imagination is exactly The poet Ross Gay, in his lecture at the Harvard College, was founded in the same what’s at work in Belinda Hall. Radcliffe Institute in February [see har- spirit by a group of black students in 1970. The students there are tactically and vardmag.com/gay-16], talked about the Nicholas Gagarin ’70, then the managing ideologically influenced by the work of ground. He said that there is a ground on editor of The Harvard Crimson, described be- Black Lives Matter not just because those which black lives do not matter. There is a ing part of a small group of what he called techniques are effective, but also because ground on which black people only exist “apolitical students” who chose to join the they recognize the inherent connection to suffer—to be marginalized, oppressed, occupation of University Hall. His reflec- between oppression at the University and beaten, killed. But he told us that this is a tions on the strike were unforgettable: the broader injustices of society. Their goal ground that he does not abide. We need to …Instead of asking for it, trying to isn’t just a less oppressive Harvard—it’s a create spaces where death, suffering, and play the University’s game—all we less oppressive world. They cannot watch erasure are not the only narratives. We have to do is do it. marches on the streets of our cities with- need to recover histories that tell of our liv- As a first step toward this, it out indicting their own institution for ing, too. might be worthwhile—as we shut producing lawmakers, policymakers, and Before I was here, black theater and down this university whose veritas officials who are a part of the problem. black concerts and black joy were rattling we have seen to be a lie—to set up the walls of these brick buildings. I cel- a new University, a University of our I want institutional change at Harvard. ebrate the stories of people who resisted own, which could exist right in the I want above-ground cultural centers for this institution’s mold and created their middle of Harvard Yard. It would be students of color at Harvard. I stand in soli- own spaces within it. I am indebted to totally open, its “courses” would be darity with my friends who are fighting for acts of resistance, from Belinda’s petition whatever the students and faculty Latino/a studies, Asian and Pacific-Ameri- to the reading groups organized by a di- present at any given time wanted can studies, and Native studies, so that their verse and dedicated group of students in to talk about, sing about, or dance histories can be formally acknowledged at the hall they have named for her. about. And it would dedicate itself an educational institution that calls itself Institutional change is necessary, but it to the kind of truth whose power one of the best in the world. I want the ad- can be slow and incomplete. I believe in cre- lies in the overwhelming fact of its ministration to do things. ating spaces and worlds, right now, where own rightness—not in the pocket- But students have already been do- we can assert our dignity and affirm the books of some distant Corporation ing things themselves, and we should dignity of others without asking for permis- or the nightsticks of the pigs they acknowledge their contributions. Even sion. There are hierarchies—on our syllabi, can call at will to protect them. though Harvard hasn’t given us cultural on Harvard’s payroll, in Harvard’s social I sought out knowledge about 1969 ex- centers, we have been building our own real estate—that I do not abide. And I insist pecting to learn about tactics, about the for- cultural centers without bricks. A friend that the work of re-imagining these reali- mulation of demands, about what student of mine recently held his senior recital— ties manifests in concrete ways. The process activists got from Harvard. But Gagarin’s a voice performance exploring the work of rejecting these hierarchies on our own writing reminded me that activism isn’t nec- of African-American jazz musicians in terms, and learning about those who have essarily about the back-and-forth between Paris—in Paine Hall, whose walls bear been doing so all along, reinvigorates us those demanding change and the higher- the names of white, Western classical with new possibilities for our lives. ups to whom they direct their appeals. musicians. For the occasion, he decorated This lesson, the idea that permission isn’t the walls with signs bearing the names Berta Greenwald Ledecky Undergraduate Fellow required to start living the change you want of black jazz greats. My friends and I are Jenny Gathright ’16 is trying to imagine her future.

Harvard Magazine 33 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 John Harvard's Journal Sports Postseason, Interrupted Men’s basketball streak comes to an end.

n Christmas Eve, the Harvard by high-profile non-conference competi- drubbing of MIT (a Division III squad), men’s basketball team dined at tion and facing an increasingly competi- Harvard lost five of six games, revealing Roy’s, in Waikiki, feasting on tive Ivy League, Stemberg coach Tommy broader problems: freshman point guard short ribs and mahi mahi. It had Amaker’s squad struggled with injuries Tommy McCarthy was turning the ball Obeen an extraordinary 48 hours. After arriv- and inconsistency and finished the year 14- over; the team struggled to find consis- ing in Hawaii with a 3-6 record, the weakest 16 overall and 6-8 in Ivy play. That ended tent scoring apart from center Zena Edo- squad in the eight-team Diamond Head Clas- Harvard’s string of five consecutive Ivy somwan ’17; and Harvard’s defense—a sic, Harvard had edged Brigham Young Uni- titles—and raises questions: was this year traditional strength—was porous. A nar- versity 85-82 in overtime in the tournament’s an aberration, or will the Crimson recede row loss at then fourth-ranked Kansas, opening round and demolished Auburn 69-51 to the middle of the Ivy pack? followed by wins in four of five games in the semifinals. Now, they had a day off be- (including the run to the Diamond Head fore facing Oklahoma—then the third-ranked Harvard’s biggest news of the season final) gave the Crimson hope, but that team in the country—in the championship. came before the first practice: Siyani Cham- optimism dissipated in a 65-62 loss to Mufi Hannemann ’76, a former Harvard bers ’16—a team captain and three-time Vermont. The mounting strain of injuries, basketball player and former mayor of Ho- All-Ivy point guard—tore his ACL during travel, and top-level competition had de- nolulu, hosted the gathering. “People from the summer, forcing him out of the lineup pleted Harvard just as Ivy play—the most Harvard,” he told the team, “have never for the year. important part of the year—approached. stood taller in Hawaii.” The Crimson quickly discovered just Although the Crimson started confer- Unfortunately, that was the high point how difficult replacing him would be. ence competition by besting Dartmouth in a season without many others. Stymied After starting the season with a 20-point 77-70, the team dropped its next five Ivy contests, including a heartbreaking 55-54 defeat to Columbia on a buzzer-beater, followed by a pair of double-digit losses at Princeton and Penn. To some extent, the losses reflected a depleted frontcourt: Edosomwan missed the Princeton and Penn games with a thigh injury and was hobbled down the stretch against Columbia. But Harvard was also performing terribly at the free throw line (the team went nine for 20 against Princeton), and its man- to-man defense remained ineffec- tive, prompting Amaker to turn to a zone defense for much of the Princ- eton game. The Crimson, then 1-5 in the Ivy standings, had nothing left to play for but pride. By winning five of its final eight contests, Amaker’s squad proved its resilience. The best illustration was a 73-71 upset of Princeton in the ard athletics communications athletics ard v

ar Agunwa Okolie ’16, the Ivy League Defensive Player of the Year, helped the Harvard men’s basketball team remain competitive during an

courtesy of H of courtesy injury-plagued season.

34 May - June 2016 www.gocrimson.com Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 season’s penultimate game. The Tigers arrived in Cambridge at 10-1 in Ivy play, just half a game behind league-leading Yale. Harvard’s win opened the door for Yale to clinch the title outright (the Elis took care INVEST IN of business with a win at Columbia the following night). The Crimson’s unlikely hero was Patrick Steeves ’16, a back-up forward who had missed the last three seasons HARVARD with injuries, only to provide much-needed scoring off the bench as a senior. The Princeton game was a case in point: Steeves led Harvard with 25 points, including the AND YOUR game-winning free throws with seven sec- onds remaining. Harvard had had six consecutive 20-win FINANCIAL seasons before this year’s losing record, despite the inexorable change in team rosters each year. So what is in prospect for the 2016-17 Crimson? FUTURE On paper, at least, the talent on next year’s squad should enable Harvard to compete for an Ivy crown. Several proven players will return: Edosomwan, who PLANNED GIFT STRATEGIES GIVE YOU THE earned All-Ivy second-team honors this OPPORTUNITY TO EXTEND THE IMPACT OF year and has the potential to become Ivy YOUR GIFT AND RECEIVE FINANCIAL BENEFITS. League Player of the year; Chambers, the team’s leader on and off the court; and Co- • Get quarterly payments for life rey Johnson ’19, a shooting guard who had • Save on taxes the most three-pointers by a freshman in • Receive expert investment management with no fee program history. In addition, Amaker will • Help Harvard in its educational and research mission welcome a seven-member recruiting class currently rated eleventh in the country by Let Harvard’s planned giving professionals help you ESPN. explore your options. Amaker also hopes the late wins this Call 800-446-1277, email [email protected], or visit past season will help the team next fall. alumni.harvard.edu/pgo/hm. “We’ve been uplifted to finish strong and finish on a note that we felt good about ourselves,” he said during a late March press conference. “And we’re just trying to use that as we go into these spring work- outs and then hopefully the guys will use UPG 16-372 that going into the summer.” The players, he said, “can now look forward to what’s possible for us for next year.” But hypothetical talent will not nec- TURN TO PAGE 57 to browse our essarily translate into a title, at least not next year, given the challenge of integrat- ing new talent on top of what Harvard loses to graduation. The most significant departure is Okolie, the Ivy League De- fensive Player of the Year, who always guarded the opposing team’s best perimeter defender. In closely contested games, having a lock-down perimeter defender can be the difference between a win and a loss. (Nor does the regular-season title Summer Reading List

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36 May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 F O The deeper threat of robotization R U by Richard B. Freeman M Who Owns the Robots

from a prominent computer scientist. Reports of machines competing with humans in hamburger flipping, highly paid medical work, and administrative tasks are the tip of the iceberg: robots may substitute for humans in virtually every domain. If computers Rules the World can beat humans in Jeopardy, chess, and Go, it should be no surprise that they will soon be able to do many of our jobs as well as we can. But whether robotization will be good or bad for society isn’t obots And Computers Could Take Half Our Jobs With- a foregone conclusion—it will depend crucially on how public in the Next 20 Years”…“Robots Could Put Humans Out of policy and private firms respond. Work by 2045”…“White House Predicts Robots May Take Over Many Jobs That Pay $20 Per Hour”…“Robot Serves Machines and jobs Up 360 Hamburgers Per Hour”…“Why the Highest-Paid Preparing for a driverless car robo-lution, the National High- Doctors Are the Most Vulnerable to Automation”…“Robot way Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) declared this year Receptionist in Tokyo Department Store.” that because new self-driving vehicles “will not have a ‘driver’ in These headlines have the flavor of yellow journal- the traditional sense that vehicles have had drivers during the last ism. But they are based on the predictions of researchers more than 100 years,” the government will consider the software, “Racross many disciplines and on technological advances developed not a human, to be controlling the vehicle. If you are one of 4.1 by firms large and small. The “half our jobs” figure comes from Ox- million motor-vehicle operators in the United States, including ford social scientists. The “out of work by 2045” prediction comes truck drivers, taxi drivers, and bus drivers, or a part-time Uber

Illustrations by Sam Falconer Harvard MAgAzine 37 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 or Lyft driver, the self-driving vehicles are coming for your work. tion’s failure to “[find] jobs faster than invention can take them Major auto companies are investing billions of dollars in driv- away,” but when demand ramped up during World War II, the erless-car technology. General Motors and Lyft have announced surplus of labor turned into a shortage. In the early 1960s, fears a partnership in which GM will build an autonomous fleet of that automation would eliminate thousands of jobs per week led cars for the next-generation taxi business. Working with Google the Kennedy administration to examine the link between pro- engineers, Ford has made development of driverless technology ductivity growth and employment, but the late 1960s boom end- a central component of its business plan, and intends to bring ed the automation scare. During the mid-1990s recession, some self-driving vehicles to the mass market by 2020. Toyota expects analysts proclaimed the end of work, only to see the dot-com to launch automated vehicles around 2020 as well. Given the ad- boom raise the proportion of the adult population working to an vances of artificial intelligence, computerization, and robotics in all-time high. Employment returns when the economy recovers. every nook and cranny of the labor market, be prepared to hear And mechanization and automation have been accompanied by NHTSA-style predictions about other lines of work in the not-so- an improvement in the structure of jobs, with humans shifting distant future: your job may no longer be performed by a human. from manual work to professional and managerial work. In the The software will be in charge. past several decades, the ratio of employment to population has Is this a legitimate worry, or a groundless fear? Most economists increased rather than decreased. Should this time be different? are in the latter camp. The standard analysis of technical change The logic of comparative advantage, which underpins economists’ recognizes that machines may reduce employment in some occu- skepticism about a jobless future, suggests not. In international pations, but suggests that the fear of permanent displacement of trade, comparative advantage explains why a highly productive human labor is ill-placed. Humans have always shifted away from country does not “steal” jobs from a less productive country: instead, work that’s been turned over to machines, to move into jobs more both countries benefit by specializing in sectors in which they have suitable for them, the argument goes, and there is no reason to a relative advantage. Comparative advantage tells us that even in a expect the species to be less adept in the future. world where robots outperform humans in all work activities, work From the 1930s through the 1990s, fears that technological ad- will remain for humans in areas in which humans have a compara- vances would create permanent joblessness—which seemingly tive advantage. Robots will be deployed in activities in which they arise whenever unemployment persists for a long period—have have the relatively greatest productivity, while humans will work in proven groundless. In his 1940 State of the Union address, Presi- fields where they have the smallest disadvantage. If a robot is twice dent Franklin Roosevelt blamed high unemployment on the na- as efficient as a human at driving cars, for example, but only 50 percent more efficient at picking blueberries, the robot would do the driving, while the human would pick the berries. The result would be greater total output than if some robots picked blueberries instead of driving cars, even though robots are better than humans at both tasks. What comparative advantage does not guarantee, however, is that the jobs in which humans have an edge will provide good wages or working conditions. There is nothing that dictates that humans design and develop cars, while robots work on assembly lines building them. The allocation of work between humans and robots depends on their relative productivity, which in turn depends on the nature of technology—on the artificial intelligence algorithms and sensors and robotics that turn information into action. There is also nothing in economics that guarantees that the humans displaced from jobs by robots will end up with new jobs that pay as much as their former jobs, or pay enough to attain a middle-class lifestyle. Still, past waves of mechanization and automation have been associated with higher Past waves of mechanization and automation have labor productivity and wages, and have improved the quality of jobs. What, if anything, been associated with higher labor productivity about the current wave of robotization and today’s job market makes the headlines about a jobless future a legitimate worry, and wages, and have improved the quality of jobs. rather than another episode of myopic fear?

38 May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Today’s robotization is not your parents’ automation or other forms of capital and the stream of income they produce, Enough is different about the economy and the application of rather than from human labor. artificial intelligence to justify worrying about the impact on jobs Robotization, like past technological changes, can be a very of robotization at a massive scale. The main thing to fear today is good thing, relieving the workload of humans while helping over- not joblessness, but a future in which the earnings of workers are come the many challenges the world faces. But it could also affect stagnant or falling (as robots take a greater share of high-produc- humans diastrously, dividing societies between the owners of the tivity jobs), and the share of income going to the owners of the robots on one side, and the workers who compete with the robots machines increases. on the other. We should worry less about the potential displace- In recent decades, the labor market has increasingly tilted ment of human labor by robots than about how to share fairly against workers, producing levels of inequality that arouse global across society the prosperity that the robots produce. concern not just from traditional advocates of an egalitarian in- If the distribution of capital remains narrow, as it is now, the come distribution, but also from such staid organizations as the main beneficiaries of robotization would be a small number of World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. Increases wealthy owners, while the living standards of the vast majority in worker productivity were once passed on proportionately to of workers would suffer. That would exacerbate the growth of workers through gains in wages. Today, gains accrue dispropor- inequality, and risk producing a new robot-age feudalism, with tionately to the wealthy—who are the principal owners of capital. To make matters worse, labor’s share of national income, once We should worry less about the potential displacement roughly constant so that both workers and the owners of capital shared in the nation’s GDP growth, has been falling for the past of human labor by robots than about how to share fairly two decades or so. Because capital is distributed more unequally than labor income, this across society the prosperity that the robots produce. trend furthers inequality. Meanwhile, the share of the work force in labor unions, which have historically workers captive to a small number of overlords who own robotic bargained for higher wages and better benefits for workers, has technology. If, to the contrary, people shared in the ownership of been shrinking in the United States and most advanced countries, the machines that replace them at work, everyone’s freedom and reducing pressure on management to increase wages commensu- living standards would improve. What policies can get us there? rate with rising productivity. The United States is uniquely situated to move its economy On the technology side, the range of skills over which robots toward shared ownership. Many firms have profit-sharing or compete with humans has expanded from physical tasks to rou- group-incentive pay structures, where employee earnings de- tine blue- and white-collar work and increasingly to the frontier pend on the firm’s profitability. About 14 million workers work of knowledge creation. Computer scientists have created algo- in firms that offer Employee Stock Ownership Plans, in which rithms that enable machines to learn on their own and advance workers own part or all of the company through a retirement their competence. Pedro Domingos, a computer scientist at the trust. Many other firms offer stock options. And many Ameri- University of Washington, has predicted that “tomorrow’s sci- cans own part of the nation’s business capital through pension entists will have armies of virtual graduate students, doing lab funds and other investment vehicles. work, statistical analysis, literature search, and even paper-writ- These forms of compensation don’t currently give workers an ing.” Employers don’t care whether a robot can think and talk ownership stake sufficient to ensure that the benefits of robot- like a human, but whether it can do a job more cheaply than a ization will flow widely. But there is a menu of public and pri- human. The coming driverless-vehicle revolution will be mir- vate policies that can: tax incentives for firms that give workers rored by parallel changes across other sectors that will affect all ownership shares, for example, and changes in corporate gover- of our lives in ways far beyond the usual incremental changes in nance that increase workers’ say in the way new technologies technology. are implemented. Last summer, presidential candidate Hillary Clinton proposed a modest tax break for firms that introduce The three laws of robo-nomics profit-sharing for workers, which could signal the beginning of Taking a leaf from Isaac Asimov’s famous three laws of robot- a post-robotization economic policy. ics, I offer three laws of robo-nomics to guide our thinking about To help move discussion along, I have directed my robot assistant the way robotization will affect workers and the economy, and to develop a dynamic, nonlinear, computer simulation model to find how that should inform policy. the most effective way forward. With access to the newest super- Law 1: Advances in artificial intelligence and robotics will pro- computer, the robot will report shortly on what we should do. duce machines that are better substitutes for humans—in the lingo of economics, an increasing elasticity of substitution between Ascherman professor of economics Richard Freeman currently serves as robot and human work. faculty co-director of the Labor and Worklife Program at the Harvard Law Law 2: The cost of robot machine substitutes for humans will School, and is Senior Research Fellow in Labour Markets at the London decrease as technology reduces production costs, placing down- School of Economics’ Centre for Economic Performance. He also directs ward pressure on wages. the National Bureau of Economic Research’s Science and Engineering Law 3: Income will increasingly come from ownership of robots Workforce Project.

Harvard MAgAzine 39 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 The Egalitarian

Danielle Allen’s mission to return equality to the heart of American democracy

Spencer Lenfield by

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 t the moment, no book is more visible or abundant at the gift shop of the National Archives in Washington, D.C., where more than a million visitors a year come to view the earliest copies of America’s founding documents, than Our Declaration—the most recent work by Danielle Allen, Ph.D. ’01. The title, appealing boldly to a spirit of national wholeness, is so prominent that it’s easy to overlook the argumentative note in its smaller subtitle: A Reading of the Declaration of Inde- pendence in Defense of Equality. Allen, a recently appointed professor of government and director of Harvard’s Safra Cen- ter for Ethics, writes that in the past century, equality has been pushed to the side—by philosophers, politicians, and laypeople—in favor of its sibling, liberty: “I routinely hear from students that the ideals of freedom and equality contradict each other.” She rejects this notion that liberty and equality are on Aa seesaw, that one can rise only at the expense of the other. Instead, she contends, “Equality is the bedrock of freedom.” Her evidence? The Declaration of Independence, read line by line as a masterpiece of plain-language philosophy. The Declaration’s authors, she contends, were far from being libertarians in the modern sense. To the contrary: they were proud and eloquent egalitarians.

“These days too many of us think that to say two things are ‘equal’ Declaration is only the beginning of the project: Allen is convinced is to say that they are ‘the same,’” writes Allen. But this is untrue: that philosophers can affect the way the world works by rewir- “To be ‘the same’ is to be ‘identical.’ But to be ‘equal’ is to have an ing the ideas with which we think and speak. Plato did this, she equivalent degree of some specific quality.” Allen sees in the Decla- argues in one book. And the Declaration’s authors wrote with ration a careful case that the specific quality in question—what she philosophical rigor for the broadest possible audience—“a can- calls “the fundamental feature of human equality”—is the ability to did world,” in their own words. If rehabilitating the concept of judge what makes one happy. We are all equal in our ability to judge equality in today’s candid world involves not just writing books our own happiness. It is only on top of this basic premise that the and giving lectures, but also designing video games and tweeting, founders were able to build their argument for independence: we then Allen will do so, engaging on every front she can. are free to decide what government we want to have because government is a means to securing happiness—the happiness which Toward an Egalitarian Participatory Democracy each of us is equally well qualified to judge. Reading Our Declaration offers a window into the life of its au- Our Declaration was praised by magazines as ideologically differ- thor—both because Allen writes a good deal about her own life and ent as Dissent and National Review, and colleagues have responded upbringing, and because her approach to scrutinizing the Declara- to it as a serious work of political thought. But Allen didn’t write tion pulls together the diverse elements of her intellectual life. it to intervene in academic political philosophy. Instead, it grew The book is a textual commentary, a genre used chiefly by clas- out of her experience teaching the Declaration in night classes sicists. Allen majored in classics at Princeton; received her first at the University of Chicago to people with busy lives, children, doctorate, in classics, from Cambridge, where she was a Marshall sometimes multiple jobs. Scholar; has written at length about Athenian democracy and The experience revealed to her that the Declaration, read care- Plato; and taught in Chicago’s classics department for 10 years, fully, does philosophy in ordinary (if old-fashioned and highly serving as dean of the humanities for three. rhetorical) language, laying the conceptual groundwork for the It is a work of political philosophy as well. After her time at democracy to come. Moreover, she realized, anyone with sufficient Cambridge, she completed her second doctorate, in government, patience and desire could read it. “I wanted [my students] to un- at Harvard (while still teaching classics at Chicago). That disserta- derstand that democratic power belonged to them, too, that they tion yielded the ambitious yet compact Talking to Strangers: Anxieties of had its sources inside themselves,” she writes. “I wanted to ani- Citizenship Since Brown v. Board of Education (see page 45); the MacArthur mate the Declaration, to bring it to life for them, and perhaps even Foundation, citing the book, awarded her a “genius grant” in 2001, bring them through it into a different kind of life—as citizens, as when she was 29, for her work in both political theory and classics. thinkers, as political deliberators and decision makers.” At the Institute for Advanced Study, her academic home from 2007 Spencer Lenfield She set out to write a book free of footnotes and big words to mid 2015, she served on the faculty of the School of Social Science. by that anyone, down to a middle-school student, could read. She Back at Harvard, in her current joint appointment with the Gradu- now says that she fell short of the mark: “The book is accessible ate School of Education, she works on the philosophy of education. to upper-level high-school students, and parts of it are accessible Our Declaration is also a close reading of the kind normally ap- to younger students. But it’s unlikely that younger students are plied to literature, itself written with a literary care characteristic going to read [it] from start to finish.” of all Allen’s books. She’s a lover of poetry in general, and con- That Allen is concerned with reaching sixth-graders at all sets temporary poetry in particular, who has reviewed Anne Carson, her apart from most contemporary political philosophers. Our interviewed Frank Bidart, A.M. ’67, and served on the Pulitzer

Photograph by Jim Harrison Harvard Magazine 41 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Prize board from 2007 to 2015. She once commented, in an inter- most theoretical book with 10 pages of specific policy proposals.) view with the online journal The Art of Theory, that she came away The style of Our Declaration captures certain aspects of what it’s from writing the book wishing that contemporary philosophers like to talk with its author. Allen has an easygoing demeanor and had “a bit more of the poet in them, a somewhat deeper under- a wide smile, yet speaks with a flowing urgency in neatly struc- standing of metaphor and its power to transform imaginative tured, lucidly reasoned paragraphs that suggest she could have landscapes. This is not to say that political philosophers or pub- dictated her books in a single well-considered draft. lic philosophers should be casting aside argument, not at all. The “I believe that the language of the Declaration of Independence point rather is that metaphor can help clear a field for argument does give us a lot of what we need by way of symbolic supports to plow and sow.” for a commitment to equality,” she explains in her Safra Center As noted, the book is aimed by its humanist polymath author office. Allen believes that the Declaration operates not just on the at citizens at large, not merely fellow academics. Alongside her deliberative plane analyzed by many political scientists, but also intellectual achievements, Allen has maintained a steadfast com- serves as what she calls prophetic speech— “language which engages mitment to engaging with the world outside the university. Some with our values and our commitments,” in the mold of Martin Lu- of that engagement involves writing: she is now an opinion colum- ther King Jr.’s speeches and writings. Our Declaration aims to rely nist for The Washington Post. It’s not unusual to see her responding on the “existing resource” of the Declaration to try to revive the point-by-point to her critics on Twitter. She’s also politically ac- nation’s commitment to equality. tive, working briefly in the 2008 Obama campaign as a field orga- In a January-February 2016 essay for Foreign Affairs building on nizer and special-projects manager in southern California, where the work of Michael Walzer, Ph.D. ’62, Allen acknowledges that she grew up, and advising the Labour Party of the United King- there are several kinds of equality—moral, political, social, eco- dom. But most conspicuously, she has been extensively involved nomic—that must be balanced in a “virtuous circle,” where each in the communities where she has worked during her career—in feeds the others. “Political equality ultimately rests not on the Chicago in particular, where she launched the Civic Knowledge right to vote or the right to hold office but on the rights of as- Project, an initiative to open the resources of the University of sociation and free expression,” Chicago, especially in the humanities, to the largely low-income Iconic self-sacrifice and cour- she writes. But the same rights age in face of “cleavage and and minority community of the South Side. (She first proposed division”: Elizabeth Eckford that are necessary for human dig- such outreach in the form of an open letter to the university’s fac- integrates Central High nity also inevitably generate and ulty senate at the conclusion of Talking to Strangers—capping her School, Little Rock, 1957. protect the wealth disparities of capitalism and certain kinds of social discrimination. As a result, she believes society needs structures that help avoid the emer- gence of phenomena, like a caste system or economic exploitation, that undermine the basic project of political equality. Allen calls the social vision that incorporates her work on equality “egalitarian participatory democracy.” It evolved out of a belief that civic republicanism and liberalism, the most robust traditions of thought addressing democratic political equality, needed modifi- cation in order to work in a diverse modern society. Allen is trying to answer the same questions about liberty—about freedom from domination, and freedom to participate—that concern proponents of civic republicanism and liberalism, but says that, given the contemporary American context of great diversity, “the only way in which all the different parts of a population can be protected is if we focus first on political equality.” Her egalitarian participatory democracy is “participatory like civic republi-

42 May - June 2016 Photograph © Bettmann/Corbis Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 “I realized, in thinking about Athenian democracy, that I could really sharpen my skills and capacities for thinking about politics” in the contemporary context. canism; it’s egalitarian like a combination of civic republicanism and set of questions about punishment in classical Athens, includ- liberalism, but the emphasis is on democracy in order to underscore ing: How did one person punish another? Who did the punishing, how important it is to secure political equality for everybody as the and what reasons were seen as legitimate? What forms did pun- underpinning for achieving both kinds of freedom: the republican ishment take? Her approach infused a topic that had previously freedom and the liberal freedom.” focused mainly on procedures and institutions with theoretical insights from sociology and modern history. It also marshaled a The Accidental Classicist dazzling array of evidence from nearly every genre of Athenian On paper, it is not immediately clear that Danielle Allen, clas- writing: historiography, oratory, drama, and philosophy. (Al- sical historian, would someday become Danielle Allen, political len says that one joy of working on the “case study” of Athens is theorist and philosopher of education. But to her, politics was the that it is possible to read all the available evidence, and Prometheus plan and classics was the surprise: “I never had any intention to be leaves little doubt that she has done so.) a classicist,” she avers, almost as if apologizing to herself. But she That range of sources has become a hallmark of her writing did have exactly the right background for it when she arrived as about and beyond classics, demonstrating her belief in the im- an undergraduate at Princeton in 1989. Her father, William Al- portance of rhetoric, sensitive critical attention to works of art len, was a professor in the government department at Harvey and literature, and, most of all, her conviction that normative phi- Mudd College in Claremont, California, where she grew up; he losophy—philosophy that addresses questions of “What should saw to it that she had Latin from fourth grade on, and went as far we do?” or “How should we act?”—is not merely a theoretical as running for the school board while she was in high school, to endeavor, but can make practical interventions in a dynamic so- make sure it remained in the curriculum. (Once she graduated, he ciety. The final section ofPrometheus analyzes Plato and Aristotle’s stepped down, and Latin disappeared.) respective attempts to challenge and reform the Athenian under- Still, Allen had every intention of majoring in political science in standing of punishment, specifically by developing new concep- college. That changed only when she took a course on Athenian de- tual vocabulary for thinking about the issue: in Plato’s case, by mocracy with ancient historian Josiah Ober (then in his first year in using words for making sense of punishment as correction; in Ar- Princeton’s classics department, now at Stanford), “one of the best istotle’s, by examining what it means to “deserve” a punishment. teachers I have ever had.” He convinced her to major in classics while Allen’s 2010 book Why Plato Wrote, which grew out of lectures taking just as many courses in politics. (At the time, Princeton didn’t delivered at the University of Bristol, advances that project a permit double majors.) “She was a pretty remarkable standout right step further. Her vision of Plato as an intellectual fully engaged away,” Ober remembers. “She was unsatisfied with the standard an- in an attempt to transform his political community, who wielded swers and kept on wanting to go further than the existing literature language with tremendous artfulness as his chief tool for chang- seemed to take her. We were encouraging her because she did have ing minds, challenges the long-held vision of many readers that such a love” for Greek history and a “literary sensibility that isn’t sees Greek philosophers as willfully detached from public life: that common in people who do political science.” Socrates shunning politics to preserve his own virtue, Aristotle That passion was both intrinsic and instrumental. “I real- contrasting lives of contemplation and politics. ized, in thinking about Athenian democracy, that I could really Allen also proposes a vision of what a modern political philoso- sharpen my skills and capacities for thinking about politics” by pher might hope to do, and how. She sets Plato’s notorious attack on examining a contained case study, she recalls. “Those skills are writing in the Phaedrus against his defense of writing as a philosophi- transferable to the contemporary context, even though it’s this cal tool in the Republic, and from the argument implicit between the huge, much more sociologically confounding landscape.” Ober two works, constructs a vision of how Plato justified his literary adds that Allen’s belief in a pragmatic, contemporary-minded ap- endeavors. Allen argues that in Plato’s view, language and writing proach to history shaped his own thinking to a degree that was are vital parts of human life, but some symbols lead toward knowl- remarkable given her age at the time: “Each of us has a real pas- edge, others away from it—so the philosopher has a responsibility sion for history for its own sake, for getting things right about the to traffic in good symbols. Moreover, by constructing models with past. But I think we agreed early on, and encouraged each other, those symbols and then recording them in writing, the philosopher in this immediately collegial relationship, that that’s not enough, can convince readers to act as if they knew the truth, and eventually that having a deep love for something as specialized and almost lead them down the road to actually knowing it. otherworldly as classical history—neither of us felt that, for our But that’s only the first blow in the book’s one-two punch. Al- purposes, it was enough to justify a career.” len proceeds to argue that Plato wrote with the motive of affect- The thesis project that Allen took up as an undergraduate— ing his contemporaries’ actual political behavior—and that he did the Athenians ever use prison as a punishment?—expanded succeeded in doing so. Having examined the surviving speeches into her Ph.D. dissertation at Cambridge, which in turn became concerning the Athenian response to the rise of Macedon in the her first book.The World of Prometheus examined a much broader fourth century b.c., she builds an elaborate argument (hinging

Harvard Magazine 43 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 ous forms of oppression and domination.” As a result, she says, “I don’t think we can really deal with our various justice questions—concerns of social justice that people raise—if we don’t in the first instance restore the idea that everybody needs a share in the constitution.” From Allen’s undergraduate days to the present, many students have reacted against the bodies of literature that most engage her—ancient literature and political theory—as an un- representative procession of white men. Allen stands out in the context of both classics and political theory as a talented and visible academic who also happens to be a black woman—a professor to whom an undergradu- at points on minute particulars of historical events) that defies Politically engaged: Plato ate feeling marginalized on easy summary but leads her to conclude that technical vocabulary discourses with Aristotle in this account of gender or race detail from The School of Athens, from Plato’s teachings and writings percolated into fierce policy by Raphael, 1509-1511. might look for guidance. debates. Adherence to Platonism, she contends, became grounds What advice does she give for suspicion in the political contests involving some of the city’s such students, in light of her own long involvement with the likes most famous orators: Demosthenes, Aeschines, Lycurgus. She of Plato, Hobbes, and Jefferson? “I try to model a way of being in draws from this “culture war” a pointed lesson that pushes back the world where there’s no intellectual resource that’s off limits against the materialist interpretation of ancient Greek history to me,” she explains. “Why would I want to put any intellectual (prominent in the mid-twentieth century), which emphasized resource off limits to myself? It’s for me to determine what I do economic and social realities as the basis of cultural phenomena. with those resources. They don’t define me, by any stretch of the Rather, Allen vigorously maintains that ideas have the potential imagination. They are nothing but the feasts that the world as a to be independent sources of change. whole, across the globe and over time, has prepared for us. And Allen has long believed that carefully examining the alien con- why not consume as much as possible, and then decide what you cepts of the ancient world can sharpen contemporary readers’ want to do with it?” sense of their own times. Although she hasn’t published about equality in classical Athens, she has clearly thought about it in Building Trust in an Era of Division depth. “I think the most interesting expression for equality that For all her professional training in ancient history and philoso- [the Athenians] used was a phrase about the importance of ‘hav- phy, Allen’s intellectual self-identification rests elsewhere and, ing a share in the constitution’—metechein tês politeias,” she reflects. she says, always has. In a brief essay for Critical Inquiry in 2004, she “That idea, that at the heart of equality is human beings’ politi- wrote, “I have always thought of myself first as an analyst of poli- cal capacity for self-government and collective decisionmaking, tics and second as a literary critic”—an unusual conjunction of remains the center of the concept until the late eighteenth and roles. She names as her heroes George Orwell, Hannah Arendt, and early nineteenth century.” A cardinal moment in articulating the Ralph Ellison, all of whom had “a combination of literary sensibil- transition away from that concept was Benjamin Constant’s 1816 ity and political acuity” to which she aspires. In her view (which essay “The Liberty of the Ancients Compared with That of the fits nicely with her reading of Plato), politics is made, substantial- Moderns,” which proposed that in contrast to the ancients, for ly, out of words, so any interpreter of politics has to engage with whom freedom was a matter of being able to participate in govern- the rhetorical quality of public life—a quality which seems all the ment, modern citizens are too preoccupied with commerce and more important at the current moment in American politics. other aspects of private life to have time to do so. That transition, Both her political and literary sides have roots going back to for her, creates “a fundamental problem—because if you cease to childhood. Allen writes briefly in the early chapters ofOur Declara- think front-and-center about guaranteeing a share in the con- tion about growing up in a household saturated with books, thanks stitution to everybody in a real, lived, enacted sense, then those to her Latin-loving father and her mother, Susan, a librarian. “In my populations who don’t have that share become vulnerable to vari- childhood, at an early point, we twice read the Bible through from

44 May - June 2016 Image by Godong/UIG via Getty Images Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 start to finish,” she writes—out loud, one chapter per night. When Rock in 1957. The book is ambitious in theoretical and historical she was seven, her family moved to France for a sabbatical year, and scope, engaging with thinkers from Aristotle and Hobbes to Ar- she was allowed to take two books: both of hers were volumes of endt and Habermas—and including an elegant reading of Ellison’s poetry. “I don’t know how I knew this, but I knew that they would Invisible Man as a work of social theory. At barely 200 pages, it is what just last me longer,” she says. Her love of poetry has been lifelong: the intellectual historian Quentin Skinner once approvingly called dismayed to find that the University of Chicago had no poetry se- a “small book about big things.” (It may also be the only work of ries, she created one, inviting students, South Side residents, and political theory with an admiring cover blurb from Toni Morrison.) career poets into the same space to read their work. Allen argues that Brown v. Board of Education was, in effect, a consti- Allen’s father was politically active when she was growing up, tutional re-settlement: the national understanding of citizenship serving first on the National Council on the Humanities, and then and its attendant rights was transformed. But that settlement was as chair of the Commission on Civil Rights for an extremely tur- not accompanied by a solid consensus about how the nation might bulent 14-month period late in the second term of President Ron- frankly address differences—religious, cultural, linguistic, but espe- ald Reagan and the early George H.W. Bush administration. A 2013 cially racial—that involve substantial sacrifice by groups within the profile inThe Guardian characterized her as quite conservative well democracy for the health of the nation as a whole. into her undergraduate years; she was an intern at National Review. In Allen’s vision, democracy necessarily entails sacrifice: in any By her account, it wasn’t until the summer of her junior year that contentious decision, some groups of citizens win while others contemplating statistics on income inequality in America led her lose. That means democracies need good ways to moderate, ac- to reconsider her political beliefs, beginning what would become knowledge, and appreciate those sacrifices, while assuring reci- a major transformation. procity of sacrifice in the long term. How is this possible? Allen There was a period of time after this when she didn’t talk to her crafts her solution out of materials drawn largely from Aristotle. family much about politics: “I needed to establish my indepen- She thinks that citizens in a democracy should think of them- dence first, before I could re-engage.” Now, she says with a smile, selves as friends, not out of love, but out of utility: they are in a “They tolerate me!…We have good conversations. We don’t always project together, and that project works best when they can pre- agree, but we still agree about some things.” She adds that some sume each other’s good intentions. And rhetoric (a good thing, of her most dramatic childhood memories are of explosive argu- she insists) at its best can forge that trust, making it possible to ments at family gatherings between her father and his sister, who talk to strangers as equals, respecting what they have to give, and ran for office in California on the Peace and Freedom Party ticket. signaling a willingness to give in return. “The Reagan conservative and the Peace and Freedom Party per- Even in 2004, the book’s argument provoked some skeptical re- son!” she says, laughing. “As I started to change my opinions about actions: what about people who just want to be offensive or domi- certain things,” Allen says now, “she was a kind of anchor for me neering, or benefit from the disempowerment of other groups— about how to hold my own in political debate.” and whom no amount of reasoning will change? Talking to Strangers Allen stands out among progressive commentators for her even-handedness and generosity toward conservatives. As a commentator, Allen stands out among progressive writ- looks even more sanguine when seen against the background ers for her even-handedness and generosity toward conservatives. of everything that has happened since its publication: Trayvon She has been unsparing about the candidacy of Donald Trump— Martin, the death of immigration reform, Ferguson, Charleston, though she will argue with rationality and great restraint with in- Mizzou, the incendiary and exclusionary rhetoric of the current dividual Trump supporters—but her columns otherwise contain presidential primary campaign. little in the way of the gripes, insults, or insinuations about Repub- Allen stands by her conclusions. She believes that strong insti- licans destroying the country in which some liberal op-ed writers tutions matter here—that “the more a society’s institutions gen- traffic. Past columns on issues like government power and drug erate the possibility of the formation of bridging ties across cleav- policy take pains to build middle ground between left and right. ages and lines of difference, the more likely it is that the society Her writing reads like the product of a more civilized, less polar- will have egalitarian outcomes in domains like health, the labor ized time, when American communities were sufficiently purple market, education and so forth.” Where trust and rhetoric are that people generally thought about how their words would make concerned, she argues that even though citizens have a responsibil- their neighbors—or relatives—feel before they spoke in public. ity to show themselves to be trustworthy, a free society can’t make The same equipoise is evident in Allen’s theoretical writing. She them speak respectfully. But, she adds, “You can call out problem- describes her 2004 book Talking to Strangers, which grew out of her atic behavior in an assertive way without yourself becoming un- second doctoral dissertation, as a work “about how you develop trustworthy,” when dealing with intentionally offensive citizens, healthy civic relationships—trust-generating civic relations—in who often seem not to understand that their right to offend oth- the context of demographic cleavage and division.” Talking to Strang- ers doesn’t immunize them from objections to their own speech. ers begins by analyzing an instance of what Allen calls “trustwor- thiness”: Elizabeth Eckford, in an act of self-sacrifice and courage, Education and Equality earning respect and trust by walking, nonviolent but determined, Allen’s appointment at Harvard’s Safra Center this past fall, through the jeers of a mob in front of Central High School in Little a year before its thirtieth anniversary, was in keeping with the

Harvard Magazine 45 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 institute’s original concerns: how to connect moral theory with enroll next year; all of them ride the MBTA bus to school together ethical practice. Founded in 1986 as the Program in Ethics and the most mornings. Allen says that she and her husband, James Doyle Professions, it was envisioned by former Harvard president Derek (a lecturer in the philosophy department), see their children’s edu- Bok as a means to bring philosophers into dialogue with profes- cation in terms of what experiences are hardest to replicate within sionals, starting within the University, but quickly reaching, he the home. “My basic take on the matter is that there’s no school hoped, into the world at large. It was Harvard’s first program to that can give your child comprehensive education, and the family has bridge schools internally, as well as the first major interdisciplin- to take responsibility for all the things that the school isn’t doing,” ary ethics initiative at any university. As director, Allen succeeds she explains. “So for us, the question was: did we want to be in Lawrence Lessig, Furman professor of law and leadership, who the public schools and get the best academic education the chil- for five years led the Center in an extended laboratory-style proj- dren could out of the public schools, plus a truly excellent social ect of research into the problem of institutional corruption. education, and compensate to some extent on the academic side of Allen envisions keeping the structure introduced by Lessig, but things ourselves? Or did we want to be in a private school and get changing the themes every year or two. Her inaugural project is perhaps a top-of-the-line academic institution, but from my point “Diversity, Justice, and Democracy”—all topics of enduring con- of view, an insufficient social education? I don’t think it’s possible cern from her doctoral thesis to her 2014 Tanner Lectures at Stan- to compensate for the insufficient social education that you get at ford (to be published this June as Education and Equality). She dean elite private school. So we went for public schools.” fines these topics broadly: “From my point of view, anything that’s Different kinds of educational challenges await as well. Con- about civic education in America in 2016”—the subject of one cerned about her failure to reach a middle-school audience with “I don’t think it’s possible to compensate for the insufficient social education that you get at an elite private school. So we went for public schools.” Safra fellow’s lunchtime talk—“has to be about diversity to some Our Declaration, Allen is in the early stages of developing a video extent, because this country is living through such a remarkable game about the Declaration of Independence. “It’s a genre, like a demographic transition.” She is eager to amplify the voices of Safra book or poem—it’s just a different form for intellectual and aes- fellows in the public sphere through op-eds, magazine articles, thetic expression,” she exclaims. “I’m learning a lot right now!” and social media. “We call what we’re doing here the Web of Con- The challenge lies in finding a way to create a game that can teach versation,” she says. “Whatever we’re talking about here, we’re its players how to read closely, and how to see the conceptual trying to make sure it extends out into the world more broadly.” architecture of the Declaration: the idea of premises leading to a The other major project she is eager to tackle in her new post conclusion, and how a conclusion like equality then serves as the returns the center to its roots in curricular design. With the Col- foundation for further insights. “The Declaration turns around lege refurbishing its General Education system (see page 31), the this notion that we are pursuing our individual and collective Business School reviewing its ethics training, the Medical School safety and happiness, and makes a very strong argument about launching a master’s degree in bioethics, and the Graduate School the building blocks that are necessary for those things: rights and of Education considering development of an ethics curriculum, good government, equality and liberty,” she points out. One can her eyes light up: “This is an amazing moment.” imagine how those building blocks might literally fit together— Talking to Strangers led Allen to her current role at the education how they might be joined in a kind of philosophical Minecraft. school. To her mild surprise, one of the biggest audiences for the It’s symbol-work, Allen says, of the kind Plato engaged in. “All book turned out to be teachers: “I discovered that the things I was adults should read the Declaration closely; all students should working on—about healthy social interactions, civic relationships, have read the Declaration from start to finish before they leave generating trust in conditions of diversity—are front-and-center high school,” she proposes at the end of Our Declaration. If this for K-12 teachers. So ever since then, I’ve had one foot in that peda- newest project succeeds, maybe she’ll beat her own expectations gogical world.” Education and Equality attempts to lay out a compre- and lower that age to eighth grade. Meanwhile, she estimates hensive philosophical justification for schooling. She proposes that that only half the undergraduates at the highly selective col- the economic and egalitarian benefits that societies (and their pol- leges where she has taught have read the Declaration in full. In iticians) seek from education—higher individual incomes and na- response, her fervor to get every American to read the same 1,337 tional productivity, along with greater social mobility and equality words carefully (achievable or not), and her faith that doing so of opportunity—can best be assessed and structured by pursuing might help save the nation, set forth a vision in which close read- education because it enables full human development, as under- ing can empower, philosophical reasoning can inspire, and his- stood along the lines of Aristotle’s concept of eudaimonia: activity of tory can recall the country to its loftiest ambitions. mind in accordance with excellence. It’s another enormous project streamlined into a slim volume. Spencer Lenfield ’12, a former Ledecky Undergraduate Fellow at this magazine, Educational practices have been on her mind in more ways than lives in Washington, D.C. He profiled poet and translator David Ferry, Ph.D. one lately. Since moving to Cambridge, Allen has enrolled her kin- ’55, in the May-June 2015 issue. He has also reviewed books for Slate and pub- dergartener in the city’s public schools, and her preschooler will lished poems in the Colorado Review.

46 May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Seeking a few great leaders...

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160133_AdvancedLeadership_Harvard.indd 1 11/24/15 9:59 AM Vita Champ Lyons Brief life of an innovative surgeon: 1907-1965 by martin l. dalton and laurence a. lyons

n november 28, 1942, during a Thanksgiving weekend intramuscular penicillin; more than 80 percent showed immedi- dinner party at a colleague’s home, a phone call abruptly ate improvement. A second study unit was established, on Staten Osummoned Champ Lyons, M.D. ’31, a surgeon who spe- Island, again with Lyons in charge, and the U.S. Army began an all- cialized in treating bacterial infections, to Massachusetts General out effort to increase the manufacture of penicillin, rightly con- Hospital. A horrific fire had destroyed Boston’s Cocoanut Grove vinced that it was vital to prosecution of the war. Thanks largely nightclub; of the more than 1,000 patrons present, 490 eventually to this and other advances in medical care, only 3 percent of the died. Years later, Lyons told his son that he found the hospital’s wounded treated in front-line hospitals during World War II died long brick hallways lined with dead partygoers still in their eve- of infections; between 12 and 15 percent had died in World War I. ning clothes. He began treating survivors immediately and did not Lyons, meanwhile, had been inducted into the army as a major return home for three days. His work with the burn victims would and assigned to the Mediterranean theater, where he ensured that change his career forever, taking him to army hospitals across the the additional knowledge he gained about wound management, country and then to the Mediterranean—all because of his use of and the usage and dosage of penicillin, was widely disseminated. the revolutionary new antibiotic, penicillin, to treat his patients. In 1945, he contracted a severe case of hepatitis when an inexpe- Benjamin Champneys Atlee Jr. had medicine in his genes. His rienced surgeon accidentally nicked him during an operation. He father’s family included many distinguished physicians; a great- was sent home on a stretcher and discharged in June; later that grandfather was president of the American Medical Association. year he accepted a position at the Ochsner Clinic in New Orleans. Even after his parents’ divorce and his mother’s remarriage gave In 1949, the dean of the Medical College of Alabama offered him him a new home in Mobile, Alabama, and a new surname, medi- its new chair in surgery. Lyons took full advantage of the oppor- cine beckoned. At the University of Alabama, Lyons helped fellow tunity, training a generation of surgeons—“Lyons’s boys”—who students found the national premedical honor society, Alpha Epsi- remembered him with respect and admiration. At a dinner given lon Delta. At Harvard Medical School, he became interested in mi- in his honor 30 years after his death, they were still in awe of him. crobiology while finding a mentor in surgeon Edward D. Churchill; As residents, they thought him a taskmaster, but a fair man who when he later joined the MGH surgical service under Churchill, he led by example. One recalled that Lyons once “yelled at a resident kept up with microbiology, studying surgical infections. for dressing a hand in a way he didn’t approve.” The resident, a vet- Penicillin had been discovered in 1928, but was not used to treat eran and former medic, replied that he’d seen and done the worst a humans until 1941. Although it showed great promise, particularly man could do during the war, and did not appreciate being yelled for treating anticipated wartime casualties, it was very difficult at in public. Lyons never did so again. He was also known for and expensive to produce in quantity. But the senior U.S. govern- not accepting excuses: when a lab failed to finish tests before the ment official charged with evaluating its use by the armed forces weekend, Lyons located the technician involved and waited on the knew of Lyons’s work in surgical bacteriology and saw the Cocoa- phone for the test to be completed. But when a faculty colleague nut Grove disaster as an opportunity to test the drug’s efficacy. He threatened to terminate a young doctor’s residency if she took a arranged for all the penicillin then available—less than a liter—to month’s leave to help in a family crisis, Lyons interceded, though he be released to Lyons to treat a select group of 13 burn patients at insisted she never say that he had done so. MGH. Initially, they received 5,000 units of penicillin intramuscu- One July day in 1965, Lyons was finishing rounds when he an- larly every four hours, but Lyons soon learned that the drug wasn’t nounced, with a sly grin, that he had one more case to present. toxic and the dosage was inadequate. He then tried penicillin with His residents and his family had shared their concerns about his sulfadiazine, which had been used for infections since its discovery increasing facial palsy and personality changes, including forget- in the 1920s. That made it impossible to distinguish the individual fulness and uncharacteristic levity; that day, he produced a brain effects of the two drugs, but the patients benefited from the com- scan showing a left cerebral lesion. A subsequent craniotomy con- bined therapy, which controlled infection in their wounds. firmed the terminal diagnosis. In two months, Lyons was dead. This success prompted the U.S. Surgeon General to set up a pilot “Before he died,” a colleague recalled, “he asked me if he had faced unit for penicillin therapy at a Utah military hospital, with Lyons death ‘gallantly.’ I assured him that he had.” in charge; after a disastrous Allied defeat in Tunisia in February 1943, many soldiers were sent there for care. Lyons used the new “Lyons’s boy” Martin L. Dalton is a cardiothoracic surgeon and medical histo- antibiotic in increasing doses, eventually treating 209 men with rian. Independent historian Laurence A. Lyons ’60 is not related to his subject.

48 May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 n e ibrary of Medici of ibrary al L n al io t The Na The

While on active duty in the Mediterranean Theater in 1944, Dr. Lyons (at left) received the Legion of Merit Harvard Magazine 49 for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services and achievements. Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Editing an End to Malaria? The promise, and possible perils, of a new genetic tool by Jonathan Shaw

t Harvard, experiments involving mosquito sex mosquito populations, this acute are the purview of Flaminia Catteruccia, direc- preference is a potentially severe tor of the insectary at the Harvard Chan School of stumbling block in their efforts to Public Health. She is often consulted about mos- build and disseminate safer, geneti- quito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, cally modified mosquitoes. Yet re- Aand chikungunya, which together infect almost 600 million peo- search is steadily and rapidly near- ple worldwide each year. Most recently, she has called for genetic ing that goal, and the implications analysis of the Zika virus, also carried by mosquitoes, which has for success have prompted some been linked to children born with small heads and underdeveloped scientists to raise significant ethical brains. But what sets her apart from other scientists in her field is concerns. her genetic work on the mosquitoes that spread these diseases. Within the insectary, locked behind multiple layers of biocon- Breeding a Better Mosquito tainment, the heat and humidity are reminiscent of the tropics Imagine a mosquito genetically in high summer. Stacks of mosquito-filled cages made of white engineered so that it could not carry mesh line the walls, loosely covered with clear plastic to keep the Plasmodium falciparum, the single- moisture especially high. Although wild mosquitoes are extraor- celled malaria parasite. (Research dinarily fecund, lab mosquitoes are somewhat deficient in the sex on the parasite’s genome is the sub- department, Catteruccia explains, as a doctoral student, having ject of “An Evolving Foe,” March- snipped the head and legs off a male mosquito, dangles the corpse April 2010, page 42.) Certain mosquitoes already have some im- from a pair of tweezers above a female, wings pinned akimbo in a munity to P. falciparum—and permanently introducing that trait petri dish. “This lucky fellow,” the student remarks, “is going to into wild populations of the mosquitoes that carry the disease get his genes passed on to the next generation.” and enhancing it, might prevent 200 million human cases of ma- Lab-bred male mosquitoes, it turns out, aren’t always this for- laria, and save 600,000 lives, every year. tunate. Wild females typically won’t mate with them. Research- But the toll in human life doesn’t capture the full impact of ma- ers learned this during field experiments: they released sterilized laria (detailed in “The Landscape Infections,” November-Decem- males into the environment, hoping that they would mate with ber 2001, page 42). Three billion people—nearly half the world’s females, who would then fail to produce offspring, leading to few- population—live in areas where the disease is rampant. That has er mosquitoes in the next generation. The strategy has worked powerful economic effects. The burden on health systems alone is well with other insects, but not mosquitoes. In the wild, mating immense, Catteruccia points out. The disease also leads to reduced “happens in flight, in swarms,” Catteruccia explains. “There’s a productivity, as well as loss of foreign investment. For already im- lot of male competition for females.” And male mosquitoes raised poverished nations, she says, malaria is a poverty trap from which in a lab, even from wild eggs, she says, can’t compete on the sexual escape is difficult. And in Europe and North America, she says, the battleground. If a female has to choose between a lab-released disease potentially could spread again, along with new threats like male and a field male, “she will know exactly how to go; but we the Zika virus, because the climate is warming, and “insecticides still don’t know what makes a male a male in the eyes of a female.” are not as effective anymore, because mosquitoes adapt.” For researchers and public-health officials who hope to control Now an associate professor of immunology and infectious

50 May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 diseases, Catteruccia began studying mosquitoes as a graduate this is now the state-of-the- Flaminia Catteruccia, student in Italy, where “malaria was prevalent until the Second art approach. Knockouts shown here in the insectary at Harvard’s school of public World War.” Though initially trained as a chemist, she joined a have been commonplace in health, is plumbing the project studying mosquitoes and successfully adapted genetic standard lab animals such mysteries of mosquito sex. techniques developed for use in lab animals to the insects. It was as mice for a long time, but a first, but solving technical problems in research wasn’t her main their use in mosquitoes is new, and is a main focus of her lab. interest, so she switched fields, ultimately earning a Ph.D. in mo- “Now we can generate stable mosquito lines that have [a particu- lecular biology in order to focus on biological questions. lar] property, so you can study lots of mosquitoes at the same At Harvard, she began creating “knock down” insects, in which time and have reproducible results,” she explains. “It has really the function of a particular gene is dialed back—but not eliminat- revolutionized mosquito research.” ed. One gene might control wing growth, for example, and mos- The new tool that has made this possible, Crispr-Cas9, enables quitoes with a modified version would be unable to fly. By knock- researchers to easily and inexpensively make precise edits to the ing down genes and observing the effects in this way, she has been genomes of a wide range of organisms (see “Speaking Nature’s mapping mosquito genes to their biological functions, identifying Language,” page 55). But it has also opened the door to a previ- those most important in development and reproduction. ously unthinkable prospect: the possibility of editing the genes More recently, advances in gene editing technology have al- of entire species of mosquitoes, or any other sexually-reproduc- lowed Catteruccia to create true “knock out” mosquitoes, in ing animal or plant in the wild, potentially conquering plagues which a particular gene’s function is completely eliminated; like malaria.

Photographs by Stu Rosner Harvard Magazine 51 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Gene Editing Untethered Gene drives, in this scheme of survival of the fittest, are cheat- When Andrea Smidler, one of Catteruccia’s research assis- ers, card-sharks. They don’t play by the rules of evolution. They tants, decided in 2013 to pursue a Ph.D., Catteruccia encouraged are genes that have figured out how to game the system, how to her to rotate into the labs of other scientists as part of her training. directly alter the molecular machinery of replication and spread One of those scientists was George Church, Winthrop professor more rapidly than chance would allow—even if there is a fitness of genetics at Harvard Medical School. In Church’s group, Smidler cost to the organism in which they reside. met a young postdoctoral fellow, Kevin Esvelt, who had just had Some gene drives do this by carrying their own set of safecrack- a revelatory thought: that Crispr-Cas9 could be used to create a ing tools for hacking into DNA. Their toolkit contains a descrip- gene-editing tool that could propagate beneficial traits through tion of the genetic code to be replaced; scissors for cutting out wild populations of any organism. Malaria could be eliminated. that target sequence; and a new, altered sequence that will take Mosquitoes could be wiped out in places like Hawaii, where they its place. Once introduced into the DNA of an egg or sperm—the weren’t native and are spreading avian diseases, driving certain germline, which is passed on to offspring—the whole kit is be- birds to ever-higher altitudes—and to the brink of extinction. In- queathed to the next generation. If a wild male mosquito mates vasive plants could be tamed, corals modified to resist bleaching with a female that has been equipped with a gene drive, any off- caused by warming seas. The possibilities seemed endless. spring will be altered to match the female, and the change will in The tool Esvelt was describing is called a gene drive. In sexual time pass to all progeny. reproduction, offspring inherit two versions of every gene, one The idea of using this kind of gene drive to manage ecosystems from each parent. Each parent carries two versions of the gene, was first proposed in 2003 by Austin Burt, a professor at Impe- as well, so chance normally governs which particular variant of rial College London, who wrote a paper describing the possibil- the gene will be passed on. But a gene drive ensures that one gene ity of using gene-cutting enzymes (meganucleases) to edit the variant will win the lottery of life virtually every time and will genomes of wild mosquito populations in order to fight malaria. almost always be passed on. By inserting those gene cutters and instructions of what to cut, as Church, a genetics and genomics pioneer (see “DN A as Data,” well as replacement sequences, into germline cells, Burt hypoth- January-February 2004, page 44), remembers seeing a naturally esized that one could push a change from altered mosquitoes into occurring gene drive for the first time while he was a graduate all their offspring, and so on, until virtually all the individuals in student at Harvard in the 1970s. His collaborator, Bernard Dujon, a species carried the change. In organisms with short life spans, found that when his yeast carried one particular gene variant, changes could push through a population in a matter of months. all its offspring from all matings would, too. “We didn’t know Burt’s proposal was prescient, but the state-of-the-art gene-edit- what we had at first,” Church recalls, but “clearly, this element ing tools he proposed using were not good enough at the time to make development practical. That changed suddenly in the A gene drive ensures that one gene variant autumn of 2013, when Esvelt realized that incorporating will win the lottery of life virtually every Crispr-Cas9 (DNA cutting scissors that can be directed to time and will almost always be passed on. cut any gene sequence speci- fied) into the germline of an was spreading” fast with each new generation. Eventually, what organism could make Burt’s vision viable. Andrea Smidler’s arrival the researcher had uncovered became clear: molecular machinery from the lab of a leading mosquito geneticist was thus fortuitous. (called Meganuclease) that enables a particular gene variant to be inherited with relentless certainty. The general public was just becoming aware of the possibil- From Technology to Ethics ity that genes might be subject to the same evolutionary pressures But Esvelt realized that such a system would have applica- as individual organisms. In 1976, evolutionary biologist Richard tion beyond mosquitoes—that gene drive biotechnology could Dawkins had published a controversial book, The Selfish Gene. Dar- change the way humanity interacts with the global environment. win had argued that evolution acts on individual organisms, and Scientists could make crops more nutritious or impervious to in- by extension on species, but Dawkins focused on genes as the level fection, and alter rodents and biting insects so they don’t trans- where evolutionary dynamics play out—survival of the fittestgenes . mit disease. Such drives are powerful: once released, they are The distinction Dawkins makes might at first seem purely semantic: designed to operate autonomously and, potentially, forever—bar- the best genes are in the fittest individuals and both are more likely ring a mutation in the target sequence—and to spread worldwide to survive and reproduce. But across many generations, as genes wherever the host organism lives. are mixed and remixed through sex—so that great-grandmother’s And they could be built easily and inexpensively (with equip- intelligence and great-grandfather’s keen eyes appear in countless ment costing less than $100,000, Esvelt estimates) in someone’s numbers of their descendants—the idea of focusing on genes as the garage, by small groups or even an individual. They thus present unit under selection makes a little more sense. Genes that are passed a range of risks: that a bright but irresponsible teenager might down the generations through millions of years, Dawkins argued, alter the local housefly population so that it fluoresced; that an could be considered almost immortal. But they were still subject to experimental drive designed to kill or alter a population of organ- the same fitness requirements that Darwin postulated. isms might escape a lab before its use had been approved; that an

52 May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 approved and released drive might have unanticipated ecological recommended intrinsic safeguards. A reversal drive can undo the impacts; that someone might use a gene drive for bioterrorism. In effects of an earlier gene drive, if the original drive escapes the lab all these cases, Esvelt says, it would be possible to create a new or fails to perform as desired. Immunization drives can “make a gene drive to target and counter the effects of the undesirable population resistant to a particular gene drive,” Church explains, drive. The real damage, he worries, would be to public opinion. protecting against an accidental release or unwanted spread of a “Which brings us to the further point: how are we going to deal drive. Another innovative safety mechanism he and his collabora- with this technology? We have never before been faced with the tors have proposed is to separate the Crispr guide RNA from the capability to unilaterally alter the shared environment” with bio- Cas9 cutting enzyme. Omitting the Cas9 scissors from the germ- logical tools. Safety considerations are not trivial. line DNA would prevent editing of the genome in offspring, al- He and Church invited representatives of “every lab that had lowing researchers to safely test a genetic change without the risk ever published a new method of using Crispr and fruit flies, every that an accidental release might allow the alteration to spread laboratory that ever published anything on DNA cutting and gene through an entire species. drives, including Austin Burt,” to develop safety protocols. “In all,” Church, who is among the few safety engineers in bioengineer- he recalls, “there were 27 of us who, over four months, hashed out ing, says it’s not common for biologists to suggest all the safety guidelines…to ensure that no accidental release would happen.” mechanisms before doing their first experiment. “It’s usually the Together with bioethicist Jeantine Lunshof, a visiting fellow who other way around. They do a few experiments, maybe something works in Church’s lab (“George is the only scientist I know,” says goes wrong or it dawns on them” that something might go wrong. Esvelt, “who has a bioethicist working in his lab at all times”), they But with gene drives, he stresses, safety planning was the first began publishing in 2014 a series of recommendations in Science for step, because “there is no such thing as a limited release.” The sec- researchers working with gene drives—even before any such drives ond step has been testing those safety features in yeast, and the existed. (There are now four, all in laboratories: one in yeast, devel- third will be testing them in mosquitoes like those in the insec- oped in Church’s lab; one in fruit flies; and two in mosquitoes). tary run by Catteruccia, who’s been deeply involved in these con- In addition to multiple layers of biocontainment, they recom- versations. Testing might include trying to determine whether a mended conducting experiments only where the modified organ- gene drive could jump to another mosquito species, Church says. ism could not survive outside a controlled environment. Because “You can compensate for the fact that your lab is small, relative to Anopheles gambiae, the main carrier of the malaria parasite, requires the wild, by putting them in closer proximity. Typically, species constant high temperature and humidity, for example, working are isolated not just by their sexual preferences and morphology with them in temperate climates like Boston helps ensure that and chromosome behavior but also by opportunity.” The oppor- they could not reproduce if they escaped. The researchers also tunity, he says, “you could force” in the lab.

Illustrations by Pete Ryan Harvard Magazine 53 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Kevin Esvelt was the first to “If you are talking about some- he explains, starts with understanding exactly what it is de- realize that a new DNA- thing that alters the shared envi- signed to do. Two mosquito gene-drive experiments published editing technology could let humans intervene in ecosys- ronment,” Esvelt says, “you had in late 2015, for example, use very different strategies to combat tems by using genetic tools. better get it right.” He aims for a malaria, and thus yield very different outcomes. A U.K.-based large collaborative effort to “figure group that includes Austin Burt has created what is known as out what can go wrong,” in order to “end up with the safest pos- a suppression drive in Anopheles gambiae, in line with Burt’s 2003 sible gene drive system ready for deployment. How can we in good paper. Suppression drives affect an organism’s ability to repro- conscience even begin those sorts of experiments without telling duce; this one would render all female offspring of the species people what we are doing first?” sterile. If released into the wild, it could lead to extinction, unless there were mutants that escaped. No one has ever mourned the loss of an individual mosquito—but killing an entire spe- Alluring Applications cies might have consequences. Some mosquitoes may polli- Despite these risks, Esvelt (now an assistant professor at nate flowers; some provide food for dragonflies. On the other MIT) believes that a carefully engineered gene drive might be far hand, the single study on this subject done in a region where less harmful to the environment than traditional methods of con- malaria is endemic found that no known flower relied on the trolling mosquitoes. Historically, the best way to combat malaria local Anopheles mosquitoes for more than 10 percent of its pol- was to spray DDT. Until that insecticide’s toll, on birds in par- lination needs, and no predator relied on them for more than ticular, became apparent in the last century, such chemical meth- 10 percent of its diet. Wiping out A. gambiae, then, might be ac- ods of control seemed elegant, and far less harmful to ecosystems, ceptable when weighed against the health risk and devastating he says, than “the single most effective way we have right now to economic effects of malaria. deal with malaria: Drain the swamp. Use bulldozers. Obviously A second experimental mosquito gene drive, published in De- that has tremendous ecological impact. You can imagine that a cember 2015 by researchers at the San Diego and Irvine campuses better way would involve learning to speak nature’s language. of the University of California, reengineers the genome of the Gene drives present for the first time the possibility of targeting Asian malaria-carrying species Anopheles stephensi so that it gener- only one species, leaving the rest of an ecosystem intact.” ates antibodies to the malaria parasite. This resistance drive confers “Admittedly,” he acknowledges, “we don’t understand eco- immunity by ensuring that more than 98 percent of mosquitoes systems. Ecology is more complicated than standard and mo- inherit malaria-resistant genes. lecular biology.” Evaluating a gene drive’s ecosystem effects, The differences between these malaria-fighting strategies are

54 May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Speaking Nature’s Language ize that, if inserted into germline cells (those passed from one generation to the next), the Crispr-Cas9 gene editing system, The powerful new gene-editing system Crispr-Cas9 “is a revo- including its targets and replacement sequences, would be passed lutionary tool,” says Kevin Esvelt; he and many other scientists fully intact from one generation to the next, autonomously editing already consider it one of “the pillars of molecular biology right the DNA of generations of offspring ad infinitum, thus pushing now.” A technology-development fellow at Harvard’s Wyss In- genetic changes through entire populations of organisms. The idea stitute, Esvelt has worked to refine this technique that allows had been floated a decade earlier by British geneticist Austin Burt, researchers to make precise edits at multiple locations in the but without tools to execute it, remained a theoretical possibility genomes of all kinds of living things, including plants and animals. only. With Crispr-Cas9, Esvelt realized, all that had changed. He Crispr-Cas9’s function in bacteria as a kind of primitive immune alerted Church, his academic adviser, and contacted Burt. And system against viruses was first described in 2012 by Jennifer then immediately, before undertaking a single experiment, he and Doudna, Ph.D. ’89, of the University of California, Berkeley, and Church, together with like-minded scientists, began to develop French scientist Emmanuelle Charpentier, now director of the safety protocols to guard against the possibility of an accidental Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology in Berlin. In early 2013, release of the technology into the wild. The gene drive had be- Winthrop professor of genetics George Church and Feng Zhang, come a reality. of the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, separately described the first uses of Crispr-Cas9 to edit human cells. Its subsequent rise as a gene-editing tool has been swift. The system consists of two parts: Crispr, an RNA-guided targeting system, and Cas9, a protein that acts like a pair of molecular scissors. The Crispr portion carries a RNA-guided sequence that directs Cas9 to pre- cisely cut any DNA sequence that matches the target. If scientists then inject a replacement DNA sequence similar to the excised segment, the cell’s own repair mechanisms will stitch the new sequence into the cut. Researchers can easily change the RNA guidance system to target any stretch of DNA, and supply a new, altered sequence that will be placed in its stead. Crispr-Cas9 occurs naturally in about half of all bacteria. The Crispr portion (the name is an acronym for the Clustered Regu- larly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats that Doudna and earlier researchers observed in bacteria) carries RNA sequences for viruses that commonly invade the bacterial cell. When that happens, Crispr guides the Cas9 protein to cut out, and thereby disable, the viral DNA. The Crispr guidance system can carry target sequences for many different viruses that attack bacteria, thus providing functional immunity (500 is the maximum number of sequences observed thus far in nature). This ability to carry and target many different sequences at once is an additional reason that Crispr-Cas9 is such a powerful tool for editing the genomes of plants and animals, Esvelt explains. Because it can change multiple genes at once, Crispr-Cas9 can be used to change complex traits that are controlled by multiple genes. In the autumn of 2013, Esvelt became the first person to real- profound, Catteruccia explains. Suppression drives like Burt’s parasite is itself notorious for its ability to adapt, so it, too, might carry a risk of evasion and escape: if just one mosquito among “escape” the immune resistance of altered mosquitoes, if it could millions carries a mutation in the target sequence, that individual adapt quickly enough to remain fit in a changed environment. For will not be rendered infertile, and eventually its offspring will that reason, Church says, it might be preferable to use both ap- dominate the population, defeating the purpose of the drive. On proaches—suppression and resistance—so the parasite has fewer the other hand, eradicating an entire species creates a different chances to evolve. kind of risk: that something else will fill the empty ecological How can scientists like Esvelt hope to predict the environmental niche, with unknowable consequences. (For example, the eastern consequences of a gene drive? “In exactly the same way as we do ev- coyote, once a smallish, solitary hunter, has grown substantially erything else in science,” he responds. “Through rigorous evaluation, larger, and at times hunts in packs for larger game—filling the hypothesis, testing—and repeating the cycle. If we do it transpar- niche extirpated timber wolves left behind.) ently, and we invite people’s feedback on what we’re doing, then Resistance drives, in principle, are less disruptive to the eco- you have more heads looking at the problem. You are more likely to system, because they leave a species largely intact. But the malaria detect something that might have slipped by than if you were just

Harvard Magazine 55 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 working in a small team in a laboratory, as in conventional science.” such a step. That’s why Church, Esvelt, Catteruccia, and oth- Andrea Smidler, working with Esvelt, Church, and Catteruc- ers—in parallel with their own work on safety testing and de- cia, has been engaged in trying to create a mosquito gene drive velopment—have emphasized the need for public engagement of her own. She hopes to build one that would target and alter a and discussion, not only in their own countries but worldwide. single gene in more than one place. That way, a random mutation “There’s tremendous humanitarian need for a lot of these ap- in any one of the gene drive’s target sequences would not disable plications,” says Esvelt. “And the limiting factor may not be the the entire drive. At the same time, she hopes to prevent the risk time required for us to build a gene drive in the laboratory. It may be the time required for society to decide whether or not it should be used.” “The limiting factor may not be the And scientists, he adds, must accept the possibility that society could say no, halting time required for us to build a gene gene-drive research entirely. “I, for one, would much rather be told ‘no’ at an early stage,” he drive in the laboratory. It may be the says, “before I’ve invested a lot of time and effort working on [a project].” time required for society to decide Catteruccia notes one practical detail that should not be overlooked. Even if govern- whether or not it should be used.” ments embrace gene-drive technology for its promise in a specific application, and the ram- of “escape,” through innovative means: by linking the drive to se- ifications are fully and publicly debated, gene drives still require quences in which a mutation of any kind would prove so costly sexual reproduction to work. In the case of malaria, “Research in to the mosquito’s fitness that it would not survive. that area is really lagging,” she says, but it is “key to the success of this technology. Because you can have the fanciest technology on Gene drive technology will likely be ready for application, earth, the perfect gene drive, but if your lab mosquitoes can’t mate whether in mosquitoes or another species (perhaps the wild with wild mosquitoes, then it’s not going to work at all.” mice that carry the bacterium that causes Lyme disease), before the public fully understands the ramifications of taking Jonathan Shaw ’89 is managing editor of this magazine.

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“Art Is a Dark Mirror” Ellen Harvey’s reflective installations by olivia schwob

llen Harvey ’89 is between shows, this painting stands alone. But in another so most of her work is packed up, the sense, it’s a classic Harvey: its power lies in walls of her studio baring their in- the accumulation of small moments into an E dustrial concrete. Only one piece, un- overwhelming whole. finished, is propped by the entrance: a mas- Harvey works in other media, but may be sive grayscale cityscape. Blending in with its best known for her exhaustive collections surroundings, it at first resembles a blown- of paintings about painting: a copy of every up photograph. Careful scrutiny gradually nude in Miami’s Bass museum; a miniature reveals thin strokes of oil paint, which bring version of every work in the Whitney Mu- out the window ledges of warehouses and a water tower’s spindly legs; daubs name the From the top: Metal Painting for Dr. Barnes, 2015; The Nudist Museum, 2010-2012; trees and clouds. Where most of her work Ellen Harvey in her studio, 2014, working takes the form of multi-part installations, on the unloved

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seum catalog; a portrait of every piece of Professor of government Dus metalwork in the Barnes Foundation’s col- o p e n b o o k tin Tingley is interested in the lection. The projects are rapturous border- mechanisms that make politics ing on obsessive-compulsive, but reducing work, especially in the notori them to genre-worship would be a mistake. Presidents, ously untheorizable field of inter Harvey uses her fascination with traditional national relations. In Sailing the art techniques to comment on “art” as an Water’s Edge: The Domestic Politics enterprise, and to point out its potential Congress, and of American Foreign Policy (Prince for multiple “failures”—failures to commu- ton University Press, $35), he and nicate, to preserve, to record, to hold value; Foreign Policy Princeton political scientist Helen she readily acknowledges painting’s poten- V. Milner challenge the popular tial to become merely “wallpaper for the myth that the executive branch rich.” This interest in failure derives from controls U.S. foreign-policy priorities—showing instead how domestic politics shape her own unconventional start as an artist: the character of the nation’s relationships abroad. Harvey switched careers after attending Yale Law School, and has never studied art Facing crises in Syria formally. Though recognition of her work and Ukraine, many critics is growing, and art institutions worldwide in the United States have seek her out more frequently, she still con- pushed President Obama siders herself something of an outsider in to employ military force to that world. “solve” these problems. His Her indulgent, delicate style comes from a public approval ratings have charmed British upbringing in which paint- fallen as the criticisms have ing was “the most glamorous thing imagin- mounted. Obama has tried able.” She remembers, on a visit to France as to use other foreign policy a five-year-old, sitting for hours before the instruments that he feels Beaune Altarpiece, by the fifteenth-century will be more effective. He painter Rogier van der Weyden; her par- has pushed for large trade ents left her alone with just the priest and negotiations with Asian the painting. The glowing, jewel-like col- and European allies; he has ors still enchant her, and it’s this enchant- signed new defense agree President Obama welcomes the crown prince of Abu ment that she wants to make available to a ments; he has worked to put Dhabi. But U.S. politics can pressure a president to use wider audience. Though the contemporary military, rather than diplomatic, foreign-policy tools. into place multilateral sanc art world has declared the “death of paint- tions against Russia; he has tried to use in the United States and elsewhere in a ing” several times over, many viewers still diplomacy and aid to make progress in the globalized economy, but at least provide consider painting “glamorous,” equating it Israeli-Palestinian peace negotiations; and some leverage for the president interna with the rarified history that Harvey’s work he used diplomacy to get Syria to give up tionally. When it is very difficult to get references. Skeptical of elitist proclama- its chemical weapons. As Obama himself approval to employ these other foreign tions, she’s interested in ornamentation as a said, “Why is it that everybody is so eager policy instruments and easier to use public good: providing “useless” decorative to use military force? After we’ve just gone military force, it is no wonder that U.S. art to the masses upends the expectations through a decade of war at enormous cost policy has become militarized. And this, of a transactional consumer culture. So she to our troops and to our budget. And what we fear, is a major source of American continues to paint, etch, and make mosaics is it exactly that these critics think would foreign policy failures.… in service of a “shameless popularism.” have been accomplished [by using force in To build and sustain a liberal, interna Composed of familiar stylistic quotations, Syria or Ukraine]?” tionalist world order, the U.S. government the language of her work is accessible: view- The pressures to use the military are has to be able to use not just its military ers are put at ease by recognizable tropes accompanied by constraints on using and coercive instruments of statecraft. like the pastoral landscape and the digni- other foreign policy instruments. Con It must be able to use more coopera fied portrait. But something a little more gress has made international trade nego tive instruments. It needs to be able to difficult, slightly acid or off, lurks beneath tiations difficult since there is not enough sign trade and investment agreements, the surface. Her installations and public support to delegate trade authority to to work with others on climate change pieces “seduce the viewer into thinking,” as the president. The fiscal austerity im policies, to reform the global institutions she puts it: their pleasant, conservative style posed by Congress has made increasing it created years ago, and to provide foreign keeps their sometimes startling revelations foreign aid very difficult. Immigration aid to countries in need. But these types under wraps. “A gift is always a more com- policy has been blocked in Congress. of policies are difficult to pass through the plicated transaction than it appears,” she Sanctions face interest group resistance domestic political system. says, with a deep belly laugh. Harvey’s complicated gifts have a way

62 May - June 2016 Photograph by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Life after graduation is even more rewarding

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From top: details Unlike most of her work, the unfinished from the series New cityscape in her studio is not meant for pub- York Beautification Project, 1999-2001; lic consumption. It will hang in the lobby Alien Souvenir Stand, of the warehouse where she has lived and 2013; Arcade/Arcadia worked alongside other artist-tenants for (outside view) two decades and counting, as a gift to her 2011-2012 landlord. The actual cityscape is best seen Harvey’s profile (as a from her building’s roof. There, she reflects young white woman and distorts details of the landscape using with a British ac- a Claude glass—a dark, palm-sized con- cent) lent her an ar- vex mirror in a velvet case, an eighteenth- tistic legitimacy un- century curio used by landscape painters available to others. to parse a scene into light values. Harvey y Studioy Conversation about loves Claude glasses: their intimacy, their

e Harv n the series became redundancy, their useless but beguiling or-

Ell e heated: critics as- namentation. “Art is an unreliable mirror, a sumed that she was blindly exercis- dark mirror,” she says, focusing hard on the ing, rather than attempting to expose, tiny world she holds in her hand. Held at an her privilege. The public, meanwhile, angle, high and to the side, the glass returns became surprisingly invested in the the cityscape behind her, darkened and upkeep and preservation of the paint- slightly warped, but also, somehow, sharp- ings, which Harvey had intended to be ened, lent depth. temporary. Her small pictures of rolling green hills proved more controversial than anyone had expected. Explore More Since then, she has targeted art’s privileged institutions more directly.

ss ard The Nudist Museum’s pile-on of flamin- For more online-only articles on Fo e go-pink flesh lampooned the body- the arts and creativity, see: e nn

Eti obsession at the heart of the history of the classical nude, and of modern A Balancing Act Miami culture. A Whitney for the Whitney Acrobat Nico revealed the absurdities of treating art Maffey ’13 performs as a commodity. in Pippin. Lately, Harvey has taken a gentler ap- harvardmag.com/ proach, in work that offers up the lost, pippin-16 y

the neglected, the forgotten, and the ffe es Ross Gay Finds the Right nc unloved. A mirrored installation gives ico Ma ico e glimpses of the paintings collecting Ground at the N y o f y s & Sci

dust in museum storerooms in Bruges. Radcliffe Institute es

or art Paintings based on the recollections of What “unabashed gratitude” means for court r f e Hurricane Katrina survivors attempt a black poet. nt to restore their lost possessions. A col- harvardmag.com/rossgay-16

clay Ce lection of abandoned good-luck charms of starting complicated conversations. falsely promises a second chance for Las In “Art of Jazz,” Her series New York City Beautification Vegas gamblers. Explanatory documents A Multivocal Exhibit Project, completed between 1999 and 2001, detail the absurdist future-history of aliens A “call and response” between the interrupted urban grit through guerilla excavating a fallen Washington, D.C. The Harvard Art Museums and the Cooper oil painting. She painted palm-sized ovu- prevailing theme seems to be that time and Gallery. lar landscapes, depicting placid fields and randomness—not a museum—decide what harvardmag.com/artofjazz-16 bowers, directly onto street signs, graffiti lasts and what fades. But what might de- murals, and dumpsters. The images them- press some artists inspires Harvey: if noth- School Slice: Freshman selves are sweet and innocuous, borrow- ing matters, then everything might. And so Seminar ing from what Harvey calls “the refuge with her own work: already prolific, she The students in Jerome Groopman’s of the Sunday painter,” but the project keeps a running list of 20 to 30 potential “Insights from Narratives of Illness” engaged with the difficult truths of its projects she’d like to make a reality. There’s wrestle with uncertainty. context. Under New York mayor Rudolph no way they’ll all come to be. She finds that harvardmag.com/groopman-16 Giuliani’s “tough on crime” programs, “rather lovely.”

64 May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Montage Hopkinson Smith, Beyond the Instrument A lutenist pursuing “beauty and gesture” by lara pelligrinelli

opkinson Smith ’70 describes such an abstract plane that J.S. Bach as a musical ecologist. the score already appears “He recycled so many of his own to be a kind of adapta- H works,” Smith explains. “He nev- tion” from a theoretical er stopped trying to adapt what he’d writ- ideal. Bach’s arrangements ten.” It was an accepted musical practice highlight a rigor and logic at the time, but one imagines the composer to his compositions not was driven at least in part by pragmatism: rooted in individual in- his posts in a number of German cities re- struments but able instead quired him to produce new compositions at to transcend them. a fierce pace. Refashioning musical materials Smith himself has al- helped him keep up with those demands. ways possessed a poly- “Even so,” Smith adds, “writing a cantata morphous musicality. a week would not have been a manageable Growing up, he played electric guitar, ban- Hopkinson Smith playing the German task for the rest of us mortals.” jo, and mandolin, and in high school, he theorbo built for him by Joel van Lennep As a lutenist, Smith has had to contend remembers, “I’d learn how to play what- he studied with musicologist John Ward, with the Baroque composer’s propensity ever they needed in the band, without a who specialized in the repertoire for Span- to repurpose. Bach wrote little for the in- teacher.” It was the 1960s, and Smith, in- ish vihuela (a Renaissance guitar that strument, mostly transcriptions of existing spired by the likes of the New Lost City Smith has also mastered) and English lute. works. Smith’s latest recording is a collec- Ramblers, delved into folk and Appala- Smith’s attraction to the lute was fourfold: tion of Bach’s Sonatas and Partitas (BWV chian music. “Then I latched on to classi- “It was the sound and shape of the instru- 1001–1006), six pieces ostensibly for violin, cal guitar—or it latched on to me. It was ment, in addition to the incredible quality and the Suites (BWV 1007-1009, 995, 1010, clear what I wanted to do, and there was and quantity of the different repertoires 1012), widely recognized as scored for cello. no looking back, and there was no choice.” from different regions and different eras.” But as Smith writes in his liner notes for the That is, until he discovered the lute in He found ready opportunities to play violin sonatas,“[T]he music is conceived on college. For three semesters at Harvard, within Boston’s incipient early-music scene. Upon graduation, he opted to study for a year at the prestigious Schola Can- c hapter & verse torum in Basel, Switzerland, where he’s lived ever since; Smith likens it to “step- Correspondence on not-so-famous lost words ping out of the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance.” The burgeoning community Orin Tilevitz writes, “One day early mer of a Forsyte, the second part of John there included the late vocalist Montser- in Chem 20, Professor Doering told us Galsworthy’s Forsyte Saga. The direct rat Figueras and her husband, viol player that if your experiment was inconsistent quote is, “By the cigars they smoke, and Jordi Savall, with whom Smith performed with your hypothesis, there must be the composers they love, ye shall know and, in 1974, officially founded Hesperion something wrong with the experiment. the texture of men’s souls. Old Jolyon XX, arguably the most acclaimed early- (He was joking.) Is there an original could not bear a strong cigar or Wag music ensemble of all time. The perform- source for this?” ner’s music.” ers’ imaginative yet scholarly approaches breathed life into Hispanic and European “the music they love”(March-April). Send inquiries and answers to “Chapter repertoires from before 1800, music that Jeremiah Jenkins and Sarah Hamilton and Verse,” Harvard Magazine, 7 Ware had been all but forgotten. Smith per- were the first to identify this borrow Street, Cambridge 02138, or via e-mail formed with the ensemble until the mid ing from the first chapter of Indian Sum- to [email protected]. 1980s, when, he says with good humor, “Hesperion’s projects got bigger and big-

Photograph by Philippe Gontier/Courtesy of Hopkinson Smith Harvard Magazine 65 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Montage ger and I got smaller and smaller.” pitched sibling, the theorbo—of Bach’s ment that is inherently In Renaissance repertories, the lute elabo- compositions. His instruments were built chordal and plucked, Visit harvardmag.com rates on the written lines in ensemble mu- by Joel van Lennep, incidentally an old not bowed, Smith can to hear selections from sic. During the Baroque period of the seven- Somerville, Massachusetts, neighbor. realize Bach’s notations Smith’s recordings of teenth and eighteenth centuries, it renders Smith compares the sonatas and partitas, in a more literal fash- Bach. the basso continuo, a flexible system for creat- when played on the violin and cello, to “the ion. As a result, his versions naturally feel ing harmonies from a notational shorthand. sound of a storm raging against the coast.” more pastoral and at ease than their violin Smith preferred to focus on solo repertoire The technical challenges of those works and cello counterparts. Rather than waves rather than these supporting roles. Today, and the suites—among the most formida- dashing against rocky shores, the varia- his 30 recordings (www.hopkinsonsmith. ble a performer can face—foster their own tions of the Chaconne in D Minor sound com) range from the sixteenth-century sense of time and drama. “For example,” more like gentle rain on a quiet pond. On publications of Pierre Attaignant, the first Smith explains, “if you look at the begin- cello, the Prelude from the Suite in C Ma- sources of French lute music, to the compo- ning of the Chaconne [from Partita no. 2 jor makes the heart race with its joyful sitions of Bach’s prolific contemporary, the in D Minor], the violin has a three-voice striving, the bow pivoting boldly across lutenist Sylvius Leopold Weiss. chord—and it’s impossible for the violin to the strings. On lute, it is all warmth and A master of musical ecology himself, play the three voices. But Bach wrote it as a intimacy, the fingers showering precious Smith has followed in Bach’s footsteps. three-voice chord. I’m sure what he’s saying dewdrops. With the exception of two pieces, what is that this is what you must hear inside. It “With any instrument, what one wants Smith presents in his most recent col- points you in a direction. What you want is to do is find perfect union of physical ges- What Works Our Divine Double Naturalism, Realism, and From the War on Poverty to Beyond Timbuktu Gender Equality by Design Charles M. Stang Normativity the War on Crime An Intellectual History of Muslim lection are his own renderings—for the beauty and gesture.” ture with musical gesture,” Smith says. Iris Bohnet $49.95 Hilary Putnam The Making of Mass Incarceration West Africa 13-course Baroque lute and its lower- Yet with the lute, a stringed instru- “This is the lifelong task of a musician.” Belknap Press | $26.95 Edited by Mario De Caro in America Ousmane Oumar Kane $49.95 Elizabeth Hinton $39.95 $29.95 Seeing Spring Photographs that teem with life

In 2013, office-bound in a high-stress architec ture job in Manhattan, Anna Agoston, M.Arch.II ’04, then an occasional photographer, rarely ven tured outside. “I was let go in March,” she recalls, “and it was as though I had never seen spring.” Once she saw, she couldn’t stop looking. Camera in hand and flush with time, she began taking pic tures of what grew in the sidewalk cracks on her street in Brooklyn, and in the nearby parks and Heart of Europe Nothing Ever Dies History and Presence Legal Plunder African Pentecostals in botanic gardens. The result is a series, hundreds A History of the Holy Roman Empire Vietnam and the Memory of War Robert A. Orsi Households and Debt Collection in Catholic Europe Peter H. Wilson Viet Thanh Nguyen Belknap Press | $29.95 Late Medieval Europe The Politics of Presence in the strong, that examines floral features in extreme Belknap Press | $39.95 $27.95 Daniel Lord Smail Twenty-First Century close-up: the ridge along a stem; a thistle’s spikes. $39.95 Annalisa Butticci Agoston attributes her delight in these details 39.95 to her limited contact with nature while growing new in paperback up in Paris. “I was stunned by the countryside,” she says, especially during family hiking trips to the nearby forest of Fontainebleau, with its huge Photographs 152 (left) and 60, from Agoston’s untitled series formations of white rock. “Maybe now with my macro lens, looking at tiny things with a lens that makes them the diversity within a local ecosystem, Agoston’s current project look much larger—maybe I’m looking for the boulders of my removes life from the context of habitat. (And her current sub childhood.” jects—numbered, but unnamed—don’t object to being studied Even in close-up, her plants don’t look like monuments of a so closely, from every angle.) A tendril curls, doubling back to distant geological age. But captured in black and white, against coil around itself; two woody twigs reach to braid together. Her a plain background, a bulb is made sculptural, and the curve of true subject seems to be the mysterious elegance of adaptation, a leaf, architectural. The intensity of Agoston’s focus abstracts finding pragmatic solutions to unseen problems. these forms, making them seem durable, almost timeless. When her ongoing series hits 300 images, she plans to publish For an earlier series, Dorm, she knocked on dozens of her a third book, and one day, a single collected volume. By late The Habsburg Empire The Language Animal Global Inequality The Cultural Matrix The Dream of the Great graduate-student neighbors’ doors during finals week and asked February, Agoston had taken photograph 245. “The winter,” A New History The Full Shape of the Human A New Approach for the Age of Understanding Black Youth American Novel Pieter M. Judson Linguistic Capacity Globalization Edited by Orlando Patterson Lawrence Buell to take their pictures. Where that class assignment documented she says, “is a little slow.” vsophia nguyen Belknap Press | $35.00 Charles Taylor Branko Milanovic with Ethan Fosse Belknap Press / $22.95 Belknap Press | $35.00 Belknap Press | $29.95 $19.95

HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS www.hup.harvard.edu (join our mailing list) blog: harvardpress.typepad.com tel: 800.405.1619 66 May - June 2016 Photographs by Anna Agoston Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746

160508_HUP.indd 1 3/15/16 12:08 PM What Works Our Divine Double Naturalism, Realism, and From the War on Poverty to Beyond Timbuktu Gender Equality by Design Charles M. Stang Normativity the War on Crime An Intellectual History of Muslim Iris Bohnet $49.95 Hilary Putnam The Making of Mass Incarceration West Africa Belknap Press | $26.95 Edited by Mario De Caro in America Ousmane Oumar Kane $49.95 Elizabeth Hinton $39.95 $29.95

Heart of Europe Nothing Ever Dies History and Presence Legal Plunder African Pentecostals in A History of the Holy Roman Empire Vietnam and the Memory of War Robert A. Orsi Households and Debt Collection in Catholic Europe Peter H. Wilson Viet Thanh Nguyen Belknap Press | $29.95 Late Medieval Europe The Politics of Presence in the Belknap Press | $39.95 $27.95 Daniel Lord Smail Twenty-First Century $39.95 Annalisa Butticci 39.95 new in paperback

The Habsburg Empire The Language Animal Global Inequality The Cultural Matrix The Dream of the Great A New History The Full Shape of the Human A New Approach for the Age of Understanding Black Youth American Novel Pieter M. Judson Linguistic Capacity Globalization Edited by Orlando Patterson Lawrence Buell Belknap Press | $35.00 Charles Taylor Branko Milanovic with Ethan Fosse Belknap Press / $22.95 Belknap Press | $35.00 Belknap Press | $29.95 $19.95

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ary between Gordon’s “greatest hits” and How America Grew those innovations not on his radar. Some of the missing discussions are puzzling. A definitive economic history—and a debatable, despairing forecast Consider his treatment of communications technology: Gordon has a great dis- by shane greenstein cussion on the invention of the telephone and its spread, and later acknowledges the contribution of cell phones and smart uman existence changed ir- one book. But Gordon organizes copious phones. I would have liked more on the reversibly after the innovation details about history into very readable value of mobility. Does Gordon think the of indoor plumbing and munici- chunks, and his narrative moves forward new mobility of communications is of mi- H pally supplied water and sewage at an engaging pace. Nonetheless, a ten- nor importance for living standards? Mo- treatment. The advent of electricity—and of sion arises when he turns to the present, bile devices have certainly rendered the pasteurization, automobiles, the telephone, in the last fifth of the volume. That sec- telephone booth obsolete—and a large penicillin, the polio vaccine, and many more tion is almost a different book in tone and fraction of the residential landline busi- inventions—also changed life as we know substance, containing unresolved policy ness has gone away. Nor does he delve it. Analyzing such familiar, seemingly com- debates and questions, and consequential deeply into innovation at the Bell System, monplace innovations, Robert J. Gordon conclusions that have generated profes- beyond token stories about the invention ’62 addresses a question of pressing impor- sional disagreements with wider import of the transistor. Despite its lumbering tance in the United States today, and in- for innovation policy: is the era of inno- size and regulatory deed around much of the world: how does vation-fueled growth over, and does the obligations, the Bell Robert J. Gordon ’62, economic growth occur? He distills many United States face a more challenged eco- System could be in- The Rise and Fall of of these innovations, and presents a lucid nomic future? novative. For example, American Growth: The history of their economic impact on living Innovation and GDP. One proposition it deployed electro- U.S. Standard of Living standards in the United States during the motivates Gordon’s inquiry: Innovations mechanical and then Since the Civil War last century and a half. come along only once in the history of a digital switches—ma- (Princeton Univer- Although the topic might at first seem country’s growth, so each unique inno- jor technical achieve- sity Press, $39.95). dull, this panoramic book makes good vation changes Gross Domestic Product ments that linked the reading because Gordon, Harris profes- (GDP, a measure of the total flow of eco- country. Did Gordon not devote time to sor of the social sciences at Northwestern nomic activity in the domestic economy in the topic because he did not think it mat- University and one of the foremost ana- a given year) only once. Gordon, a master tered, or because he did not look into it? lysts of economic growth, displays exem- of GDP measurement, sets himself a tall The present—and prospects. As noted, plary self-awareness about what standard task: to trace the links between different Gordon turns his attention in the final economic measurement can and cannot innovations and measured growth in GDP. 20 percent of his book to contemporary do well. He uses the standard government He doggedly pursues this somewhat events: an important and seemingly vola- statistics, but does not stop there, drawing technical project through a “greatest hits” tile period. Following strong growth for widely from other sources and anecdotes list of post-Civil War and twentieth-cen- almost three decades after World War II (hence the information on plumbing, cars, tury innovations: electricity, telephony, rail (when per capita growth averaged more and so on) to tell a rich story about chang- shipping, sanitation, the automobile, mass- than 2.5 percent per annum), the United es in living standards. market medicine, housing, and television. States experienced slow growth in the The marriage of “innovation,” “history,” The book wanders delight- 1970s and ’80s (far less than 2 percent be- and “economics” might sound like fully into unobvious ter- tween 1973 and 1995), until the Internet an enormous agenda— ritory, too, devoting boom between 1995 and 2001 (when the per too much for many pages to the capita growth rate accelerated to over 2.5 rise of frozen food, percent again). Economic growth has since the use of time- slowed once more (to notably less than 2 saving devices in percent), reflecting the dot-com bust, the households, the im- financial meltdown during the last decade, portance of air con- and the sluggish recovery since. That might ditioning for the seem like a small change, but growth rates South and West, compound and accumulate, and can make and the spread of enormous differences if they persist. retail catalogs into Gordon foresees more slow growth rural America. ahead, a forecast that has generated atten- But not even a book as tion and criticism from within the econom- sweeping as this one can do every- ic profession. The writer who so celebrated thing, and that poses a problem, because historical innovations transforms into in practice there cannot be a clear bound- someone else. Although he makes upbeat

68 May - June 2016 Illustrations by Susan Hunt Yule Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Montage observations about airline deregulation, attention, and Gordon highlights those, It certainly made me ponder some big the personal computer, the CT (computed but his discussion is incomplete without a questions. If prior generations picked the tomography) scanner, and e-commerce, survey of advances in many areas of medi- low-hanging fruit, do modern innovators his mood becomes mostly dismal. He does cine. Assessing the capacity of the system face a thornier and costlier set of chal- not foresee many major innovations on the to yield radical improvements in living lenges? What changes would raise the horizon (he illustrates the argument with standards requires a nuanced, thorough likelihood of major innovations from the discussions about medicine and informa- analysis. Again, Gordon has posed a U.S. university system, corporate labs, the tion technology)—and so he concludes the question and reached a conclusion that Department of Defense, and Silicon Valley? growth engine has declined. seems unresolvable given the scope of his If prior generations overcame their This discussion is incomplete and un- treatment. headwinds, why can’t ours? Today’s head- balanced. Gordon poses a question that By his final chapter, the ebullient eco- winds do not look any worse than yester- requires a thorough and definitive analy- nomic historian has disappeared, replaced day’s: primitive scientific instrumentation, sis of why the market for information by a downbeat macroeconomic forecaster bank panics, world wars, and the Great technology contains or lacks the capacity who enumerates a number of challenging Depression, not to mention the fires that to renew itself. A thorough analysis must grapple with the many pathways through Do modern innovators face a thornier and which radical innovation emerges today. Yet Gordon pronounces his skepticism costlier set of challenges? with breezy confidence. In examining the Internet, for instance, he social and economic factors, such as in- razed Chicago and San Francisco, to name takes note of the value of mobile telephony equality in consumption and underfunded just a few. And what are we to make of and the PC, but remains skeptical of exag- entitlements (collectively, Gordon calls the unique status of the United States on gerated claims for information technology them “headwinds”), that make growth the global stage today? It is still the world (as are most of us). But perhaps he protests difficult. He argues that these headwinds mecca for innovators, and governments too much: Gordon seeks important innova- will overwhelm the impact of any but ma- around the globe still admire the U.S. in- tions that simultaneously change consump- jor innovations, and forecasts that few of novative engine. I wish Gordon would tion, alter the allocation of leisure time, and those will appear on the horizon. If that is lighten up, and cut the present generation upend standard business processes across the case, the social implications are enor- of innovators some slack. the entire economy—and finds the IT revo- mous. But if this forecast is unsupported lution lacking. Again, perhaps, the scope of and fundamentally unresolvable on the Shane Greenstein, the MBA Class of 1957 profes- his inquiry is too limited. One would have basis of the evidence presented, then his sor of business administration at Harvard Busi- expected him to embrace the rise of the conclusion seems unwarranted and hasty. ness School, is the author of How the Internet commercial Internet, which has wrought *** Became Commercial: Privatization, Inno- all of those changes for a sustained period, I respect Robert Gordon for what he has vation, and the Birth of a New Network and continues to do so. Gordon lauds some achieved. He has assembled an enormous (Princeton, 2015). of these effects, such as the ascent of Ama- amount of historical evidence, and framed zon, but then displays no serious apprecia- a provocative argument about contem- tion for how much business processes have porary experience. changed as a result, nor how those changes supported the expansion of world trade— and specifically, U.S. exports and imports. Indeed, he remains a skeptic, providing reasons why no major, innovative information technology is likely to arise tomorrow or contribute to vigorous economic growth. His discussion about medical technology reflects the same tension. Many issues merit

Harvard Magazine 69 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Montage

tal questions with observations that 5 Easy Theses, by James M. Stone ’69, are winningly accessible and clear. For Ph.D. ’73 (Houghton Mifflin, $24.99). Off the Shelf example: “Some biologists are certain During an especially loud, unilluminat Recent books with Harvard connections that research will eventually reveal di ing election campaign, a former financial rect links between particular genes regulator and insurance executive outlines and equally particular talents, mental “commonsense solutions” to “obviously Silent Sparks: The Wondrous World illnesses, and personality traits. This hope is consequential problems”—keeping So of Fireflies, by Sara Lewis ’75, RI ’90 overly optimistic.” cial Security solvent, delivering affordable (Princeton, $29.95). The author, an evo healthcare, and so on. Of course, as those lutionary biologist at Tufts, appropriately How to Grow Old, by Marcus Tullius Ci problems loom larger, “it seems that our begins this profusely illustrated book, about cero, translated by Philip Freeman, Ph.D. politics become smaller.” But Stone, sum the magical creatures that first lured many ’94 (Princeton, $16.95). You think you have moning Adam Smith, remains hopeful. a child to science, with a preface titled it bad? Cicero, in his sixties, was twice- “Confessions of a Scientist Enraptured.” divorced, had lost his daughter, and been Economics Rules: The Rights and Her informed, enthusiastic guide to “the pushed from public life by Julius Caesar, Wrongs of the Dismal Science, by best-loved insects on Earth” is reason as Freeman, a classicist at Luther College, Dani Rodrik, Ford Foundation professor enough to look forward to summer nights. notes in his sprightly introduction to this of international political economy (W.W. translation of De Senectute. Among the “an Norton, $27.95). An economist, concerned Labor of Love: The Invention of Dat- cient wisdom” on later life that it offers, he that his peers “do a bad job of presenting ing, by Moira Weigel ’06 (Farrar, Straus notes, are sensible lessons on exercising their science to others,” reveals the field’s and Giroux, $26). Turning from insect to the mind and on liberating oneself from “large and evolving variety of frameworks, human courting: The author, now disser the excessive youthful focus on sensuality. with different interpretations of how the tating at Yale, examines the public and pri world works” and diverse policy implica vate management of love and sex since the The Path, by Michael Puett, Klein pro tions. The rap (that economics is a “single- late 1800s. Melding a feminist perspective fessor of Chinese history, and Christine minded paean” to markets and self-inter with historical and economic contexts and Gross-Loh, Ph.D. ’01 (Simon & Schuster, est) is self-inflicted, he tells practitioners her appealing personal insights, the book $24.99). Drawing upon Ethical Reasoning and lay readers alike. proceeds from the pang of realizing that 18, a General Education course that im “dating itself often feels like the worst, merses students in the wisdom of Confu Inside Ethics, by Alice Crary ’89 (Harvard, most precarious form of contemporary cius, Mencius, et al., the authors suggest $49.95). A philosophy professor now at the labor: an unpaid internship.” that ancient Chinese philosophers have New School critiques approaches to ethics, much to teach about living a good life to and explores the use of moral imagination. On Being Human: Why Mind Matters, day. In an age of raucous self-assertion, The subsequent applications, particularly fo by Jerome Kagan, Starch professor of psy the idea that influence can stem from self- cusing on the moral kinship of humans and chology emeritus (Yale, $35). Essays by the restraint might come to have viral appeal. animals, may prove more accessible to lay developmental psychologist raise fundamen readers or those concerned with the issues The Big Picture, by Sean Carroll, Ph.D. apart from philosophic theory. Male blue ghost fireflies (Phasis reticulata) weave glowing paths in the forest as they ’93 (Dutton, $28). Proceeding along a dif search for wingless females. ferent path from the ancient sages, Car When We Are No More, by Abby Smith roll, a theoretical Rumsey ’74, Ph.D. ’87 (Bloomsbury, $28). physicist and cos The subtitle (“How digital memory is shap mologist at Caltech, ing our future”) suggests some of the ten begins at the begin sions this archivist and historian explores. ning (“We are small, In an era of information overload and eva the universe is big”), nescent storage technologies, the future and proceeds to ex emphatically isn’t what it used to be. plore “the hardest problem of all, that Emblems of the Passing World, by of how to construct Adam Kirsch ’97 (Other Press, $24.95). The meaning and values poet and critic, a contributing editor to this in a cosmos with magazine, attempts the audacious: craft out transcendent ing poems to accompany August Sander’s purpose.” Note to austere portraits from Weimar Germany. publicists: the book The results range from just right (“After may be too mod so many decades in the sun, / The man of estly titled. the soil begins to look like soil—”) to qui

70 May - June 2016 Photograph by Spencer Black Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Montage s y Lee Franci e l f Les y o es court Grandpa Robert Frost with Lesley Lee “Smart, thoughtful, clearly very informed—yet absolutely accessible. It can be difﬁ cult (left) and Elinor, circa 1941-42 to strike this balance, but Stone has caught it exactly.” Rebecca Henderson etly devastating (“Cities are destroyed by University Professor, Harvard Business School fire / And rise again; / Conquering armies melt away, / Hemorrhaging men;…”). “An extraordinarily impressive and important book. Stone is smart, balanced, and sensible. His analysis is penetrating, logical and powerful, without ideological spin. You don’t have to agree with all of his proposals to realize his book’s value to You Come Too: My Journey with politicians, policymakers, and citizens everywhere.” Norman Ornstein Robert Frost, by Leslie Lee Francis Resident Scholar, Amercian Enterprise Institute ’52 (University of Virginia, $34.95). The iconic poet’s granddaughter illuminates “Five Easy Theses sets out key issues of public policy easy to identify in concept but his life and work in a family memoir. long unresolved in practice. Stone proposes sensible approaches to breaking the long-standing political deadlock. The speciﬁ c measures should provide a guide for constructive debate as we choose our next president.” Nothing Ever Dies: Vietnam and the Paul A. Volcker Memory of War, by Viet Thanh Nguy Former Chairman of the Federal Reserve and current Chairman of the Volcker Alliance en, RI ’09 (Harvard, $24.95). A novelist turns to criticism and cultural inquiry to reveal howLeavitt it is that “all wars are fought Established 1883 twice, the first time on the battlefield, the second time in memory.” The conflict in Leavitt question, of& course, Peirce is the one that en Leavitt gaged his two countries; that it is known Leavitt as both the Vietnam War and the Ameri &Freshman Peirce Smoker. Reprint of lithographer can War makes1316 the Massachusetts point bluntly. Avenue & Peirce Cambridge, MA 02138 Close, Graham & Scully’s 1911 depiction of Harvard “club life” and its “price to pay”. 617-547-0576 Freshman smoker Approval Junkie: Adventures in 13161316Reprinted MassachusettsMassachusetts on heavy matte AvenueAvenue stock. 34 1/16”& x Freshman Peirce Smoker. Reprint of lithographer Cambridge, MA 02138 ReprintClose, Graham of lithographer & Scully’s Close, 1911 Graham depiction & Scully’s Caring Too Much, by Faith Salie ’93 Cambridge,19 1/16”. 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Shipped tubed; $39.95 (plus $9.95 S&H). this famous www.leavitt-peirce.comHarvardU.S.A. – Collegemade John Harvard what low.” But there is a serious pointTercentenary onlinerecapturedand shop,exclusively in store history and more Bookends. lurking. Accept your flaws? “You shouldmap by Edwin thisdesigned famous for U.S.A. – made J. Schruers ’28. Leavitt & Peirce. probably do that if you can.” Tercentenary Harvardand exclusively College John Harvard Painstakingly Antiqued brass harvard map by Edwin recaptureddesigned in for Bookends. reproduced on over zinc. 7” h x J. Schruers ’28. thistercentenaryLeavitt famous & Peirce. U.S.A. – made The William Hoy Story, by Nancyquality “antique” Painstakingly4”w x 6”d. Over Antiqued brass Tercentenarymap and exclusively stock 33 5/8” x reproduced5 pounds each. on over zinc. 7” h x Churnin ’78, illustrated by Jez Tuya mapHarvard by Edwin recaptured designed for 24 1/4”. Shipped quality $150.00 “antique” per 4”w x 6”d. Over (Whitman, $16.99). 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Harvard Magazine 71 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 alumni Alumni Potholes, Pensions, and Politics Houston’s new, homegrown mayor promises a “transformative” tenure.

by michael hardy

n January, the newly elected mayor “The campaigning is over, and now it’s Turner has also called for “shared sac- of Houston, Sylvester Turner, J.D. ’80, time to govern,” Turner said during a re- rifices.” That means, he says, “Everyone donned work gloves and safety gog- cent interview at City Hall. Filling pot- needs to participate in the financial stabil- gles, picked up a shovel, and spread holes is his way of showing residents his- ity and viability of the city. The sacrifice Ihot, smoking asphalt over a gaping pothole torically skeptical of government that he is not necessarily the same for everybody. on Neuens Road in West Houston. As news can actually improve their lives. And Turn- As we say in my church, ‘It’s not equality reporters watched, the small-framed, power will need at least that burgeoning trust of giving, it’s equality of sacrifice.’ Some erfully built 61-year-old announced that to accomplish his more pressing goals: sta- can give more because it won’t hurt them this was the 936th cavity plugged since he bilizing municipal finances, hiring a new as much.” Turner, a career trial lawyer took office. permanent police chief and enlarging the and former state legislator, plans to be “a In a city facing budget deficits, $5.6 bil- force, and redirecting transportation fund- transformative mayor in these challenging lion in total pension liabilities, and plung- ing from ever-wider freeways toward mass times—and you can’t be transformative by ing oil prices that are gutting the local en- transit. Developing regional public trans- being an incrementalist,” he adds. “Either ergy-driven economy, potholes might seem portation—an issue long promoted by you go bold, or you go home.” like a low priority. But drivers who en- other elected officials and environmental dure the notoriously cratered streets have activists—has significant public support. In truth, Turner has always been home. welcomed Turner’s focus on road repair; Adding suburban highway capacity, he told Born and raised in Houston, the centrist roughly 10,500 potholes were filled in Jan- the Texas Transportation Commission in Democrat spent 26 years in the Texas legis- uary and February—nearly all of them, as an unusually strong speech in February, is lature, most of them on the appropriations he had promised in his inaugural speech, “not creating the kind of vibrant, economi- committee, where he earned a reputation within one business day of being reported. cally strong cities that we all desire.” as a pragmatic coalition-builder. Yet he has long sought the mayoral office: after two failed attempts in 1991 and 2003, he won last De- cember’s runoff election over Republican businessman Bill King by just under 4,100 votes. Houston is one of the most diverse U.S. cities, demograph- ically divided almost evenly among whites, blacks, and Latinos, with foreign-born residents comprising almost 30 percent of the population. Turner, the city’s second African-American mayor, was elected largely because he won 93 percent of the majority- black precincts. (King, who is white, won 71 percent of majority-white precincts, but Turner also won the Hispanic vote.) Turner insists those numbers are “only relevant Sylvester Turner to analyzing what took place in 2015. My term started on

72 May - June 2016 Photograph by Aaron M. Sprecher/Bloomberg via Getty Images Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 alumni

January 2, 2016, and my challenge and re- the University of Texas at Austin until two founded their own firm. They sometimes sponsibility are to represent all the city of of his professors took him to lunch and represented corporations, like a local util- Houston, not just those who voted for me. urged him to reconsider Harvard, where ity, Centerpoint Energy, but most of their I’ve worked with Republicans, Democrats, he had also been accepted. “For any stu- clients were smaller, black-owned busi- conservatives, liberals, however you want to dent, it would be a tremendous plus to go nesses. Creating a practice “was a huge define it. I don’t see the distinctions.” to Harvard,” one of them told Turner, “but risk,” admits Barnes, a longtime friend Turner grew up in Acres Homes, a semi- especially for an African American.” Turn- who’s continued running the firm since rural African-American neighborhood in northwest Houston, where he still lives. “I “I didn’t realize I was poor,” Turner says, didn’t realize I was poor,” he notes, “until people told me I was. My parents always “until people told me I was.” found a way to make sure there was food on the table. I had a roof over my head. I had er did some research, talked to his mother Turner resigned to become mayor. “But at clothes.” He shared a single bedroom with and friends on the debate team, and then, a young age sometimes you don’t appreci- his eight brothers and sisters. His father, a despite never having lived outside Hous- ate the risk. Sylvester was just starting a handyman, died when Turner was 13, leav- ton, headed to New England. family and so was I, so there were people ing his mother to support the family on her In 1977 he landed at Logan Airport with who relied on us.” (Turner and his then- salary as a maid at a downtown hotel. all his belongings in a single footlocker. He wife, Cheryl, divorced in 1991; they have a In seventh grade, he was in the first soon met a fellow African-American first- grown daughter, Ashley, who was active in group of black students bused 18 miles year from Wyoming, and the two rented her father’s campaign.) away, under a court order, to an all-white an apartment in Central Square. “Both It helped, Barnes notes, that “Sylvester school. He recalls “a lot of fights. You have of us came from relatively poor families, never gives up on anything. He’s a litiga- to picture, here come these buses with so we went to the Salvation Army” thrift tor by nature, and a fighter.” Being mayor, these black kids pulling up to the school. shop to buy furniture, and carried it home Barnes believes, was already in Turner’s The doors come open, and we were walk- through the city streets, Turner reports. mind by 1984, when he first ran for office, ing as a group, going into a school that was “It was only when we went to pick up the for a seat as a Harris County commission- 100 percent white. We’re looking at them, television, that the cops stopped us,” he er. He lost that race, badly, to a local politi- and they’re looking at us, for the first time.” adds. “Somebody saw two black guys car- cal heavyweight, El Franco Lee. The students on both sides were just “re- rying furniture and had called the police.” Four years later, however, he ran for sponding to what adults were putting in The young men had to produce their Har- the state legislative seat representing the their ears,” he adds. “I tell everyone, if you vard IDs before the police let them go. district that included his Acres Homes leave kids to themselves, they find a way neighborhood—and won. During his of getting along. After two or three years, That incident, and struggles to fit in nearly three decades in that post, Turner things started to level out and improve.” among wealthier, more cosmopolitan class- became a leader of the Democratic delega- He remembers listening closely to Texas mates, stand out, Turner says of his expe- tion, and, from 2006 to 2016, served on the congressman William Reynolds Archer Jr., riences while at Harvard, which he terms 10-member conference committee that who visited the school and talked about the “a different world for me.” Because those writes the state budget. “role of government and the importance of around him had money to go out to lunch During the 2005-2007 legislative season, participating in politics,” Turner says now: at restaurants, he went to see a financial-aid Turner helped reverse devastating cuts to “I was impressed, even though he was a Re- officer, “and I’ll never forget what she said: the Children’s Health Insurance Program, a publican.” By the time Turner graduated as ‘At Harvard, we want everyone to have a key part of the safety net in a state where valedictorian, he had been elected president meaningful experience. We don’t want anyone in five children are uninsured. “Even of the student council and “Mr. Klein High one to feel any less than anyone else.’” She when the Republican speaker said Repub- School,” and had been the school’s debate increased his stipend and had it deposited licans wouldn’t vote for it, at the end of the champion for four years. Among his heroes directly to his bank account. “After that, I day, 64 Democrats and 62 Republicans vot- were Martin Luther King Jr. and John F. started living large,” he jokes. “To heck with ed for it,” Turner says with obvious pride. Kennedy; he recited their speeches over and trying to prepare these little sandwiches, His efforts secured medical coverage for over again at home, practicing his delivery. ‘Let’s go to the restaurant and order off the some 130,000 Texas children. He also advo- “I would pull out JFK’s speeches and get in menu!’ I give her a lot of credit to this day cated consistently for better mental-health front of the mirror and do my thing,” he says because prior to that it was difficult. She treatment. Two of his brothers face men- with a laugh. helped put me on a level playing field.” tal-health challenges, he says, and Texas At the University of Houston he studied He did well at Harvard; after graduation has “always been near the bottom when it political science and was the only African he had a corporate-litigation job waiting at comes to mental-health care, and for poor American on the school’s debate team. He one of Houston’s top firms, Fulbright & Ja- families it’s even harder to get access.” applied to law school despite not knowing worski. Within a few years, though, eager Over time, he became known as the a single lawyer (nearly everything he knew for more independence, he and two other “conscience of the House” for his passion- about the profession came from television young African-American lawyers, Barry ate floor speeches defending the neediest shows like Perry Mason), and was bound for Barnes and Rosemarie Morse, J.D. ’79, Texans. “I came up in a household that

Harvard Magazine 73 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 alumni

Following two failed runs, server. Meanwhile, Turner took office facing the election-night victory an estimated $160-million budget gap that was especially sweet for Turner. must be addressed by July, atop the city’s $3.3 billion in general obligation debt that will cation, since neither of my come due in the next five years and a $2.4 bil- parents graduated from lion in unfunded pension liabilities, among ESS

PR high school.” the highest in the nation. (The total pension D E bill is $5.6 billion, with retirement payroll

OCIAT has been celebrat- contributions now consuming 20 percent of SS Houston ed for its economic dyna- the city’s budget, according to Texas Monthly.) via A via le

c mism and racial diversity, but But the main reason Houston can’t fix roni

h now the protracted collapse its streets or hire enough police officers to in the price of oil and a loom- patrol them is that in 2004 its voters ap- ing reversal in its overheated proved a draconian revenue cap that limits Houston C Houston y/ e real-estate market will likely increases in property-tax collections to the apl h exacerbate the city’s finan- combined rates of inflation and population

Jon S cial problems. The police growth, or 4.5 percent, whichever is lower. was at the bottom of the economic ladder,” force is considered understaffed, and faces Last year the city took in too much money, Turner says, “so I know what I’m talking controversies and lawsuits over questionable so it was forced to cut tax rates to the low- about when I talk about income inequal- officer-involved shootings that have been de- est level since 1987. “We’ve got a cap that ity. I know about the importance of edu- tailed in The Houston Chronicle and The Texas Ob- says, even when a growing city generates

Overseer and HAA dent and general counsel, Google Inc. Director Candidates Ketanji Brown Jackson ’92, J.D. ’96, Washington, D.C. Judge, United States This spring, alumni can vote for five District Court. new Harvard Overseers and six new Helena Buonanno Foulkes ’86, M.B.A. elected directors of the Harvard Alum- ’92, Providence, Rhode Island. President, Lindsay Lee C. Cheng Helena Chase- Buonanno ni Association (HAA). CVS/pharmacy; executive vice president, Lansdale Foulkes Ballots, mailed out by April 1, must be CVS Health. received back in Cambridge by noon on John J. Moon ’89, Ph.D. ’94, New York May 20 to be counted. Election results City. Managing director, Morgan Stanley. will be announced at the HAA’s annual Alejandro Ramírez Magaña ’94, M.B.A. meeting on May 26, on the afternoon ’01, Mexico City. CEO, Cinépolis. of Commencement day. All holders of Damian Woetzel, M.P.A. ’07, Roxbury, Harvard degrees, except Corporation Connecticut. Artistic director, Vail Inter- members and officers of instruction national Dance Festival; director, Aspen Karen Stephen Hsu Ketanji Falkenstein Brown and government, are entitled to vote for Institute Arts Program, DEMO (Kennedy Green Jackson Overseer candidates. The election for Center), and independent projects. HAA directors is open to all Harvard Karen Falkenstein Green ’78, J.D. ’81, degree-holders. ALI ’15, Boston. Senior partner, Wilmer Candidates for Overseer may also Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr, LLP. be nominated by petition if they ob- Lindsay Chase-Lansdale ’74, Evanston, tain a prescribed number of signa- Illinois. Associate provost for faculty and tures—201 this year—from eligible Frances Willard professor of human de- degree-holders (see page 26). velopment and social policy, Northwest- John J. Moon Ralph Nader Alejandro Ramírez The names below are listed in the ern University. Magaña order they appear on the ballot. The following candidates for Overseer The HAA’s nominating were nominated by petition: committee has proposed Ralph Nader, LL.B ’58, of Washington, the following candidates D.C. Citizen-activist and author; founder, for Overseer (six-year The Center for Responsive Law and Pub- term): lic Citizen. Kent Walker ’83, Palo Stephen Hsu, of Okemos, Michigan. Pro- Stuart Ron Unz Kent Walker Damian Taylor Jr Woetzel Alto. Senior vice presi- fessor of theoretical physics and vice presi-

74 May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 alumni a certain amount of revenue, we can’t take over by showing them that there is new advantage of it,” says the mayor, clearly frus- management, and that government can trated. In March, citing that cap, the city’s work for them,” he asserts. “That it’s re- high fixed costs and unfunded pension lia- sponsive to their needs—not to my needs.” bilities, and low oil prices, Moody’s Investor An optimist as well as a fighter, Turner Services downgraded Houston’s general ob- takes a long, somewhat personal view. “I’ve ligation limited tax rating to Aa3 from Aa2. lived through hard financial times, and the Turner ran a diligent, if anodyne, cam- city’s facing financial challenges right now. paign, during which his opponent accused We are going to engage in shared sacri- him of not having the stomach to imple- fice, and we will work through it.” Once Miss the deadline for our ment reforms to fix Houston’s financial the crises are resolved, infrastructure can crises. But he has moved surprisingly fast be developed to sustain the population Summer Reading List? since moving into City Hall. He has al- growth, he says. “Quite frankly, I don’t ready announced layoffs and across-the- think there’s another city in the country board budget cuts for city departments that’s in a better position than we are.” and city councilmembers’ discretionary He pauses, leaning forward in his chair, a funds; the only sector spared was the po- slight grin on his face. “And we’re going to lice force. He is also developing a 10-year keep fixing the potholes.” fiscal plan that is likely to take on the Harvard “self-imposed” revenue cap, a divisive is- Michael Hardy is a freelance journalist based in sue among voters. “I think you win people Houston. Authors! dent for research and graduate studies. Janet Nezhad Band ’83, M.B.A. ’89, J.D. Ron Unz ’83, of Palo Alto. Software ’90, New York City. Development consul- developer and chairman, UNZ.org; pub- tant to nonprofit organizations. lisher, The Unz Review. Michael C. Payne ’77, M.D. ’81, M.P.H. Stuart Taylor Jr., J.D. ’77, of Washington, ’82, Cambridge. Attending physician, de- D.C. Author, journalist, lawyer; nonresi- partment of internal medicine, division dent senior fellow, Brookings Institute. of gastroenterology, Cambridge Health Lee C. Cheng ’93, of Santa Ana, Cali- Alliance. fornia. Chief legal officer, Newegg, Inc. Advertise your book in The HAA nominating committee has the Holiday Reading List. proposed the following candidates for Elected Director (three-year term): THE DEADLINE IS: David Battat ’91, New York City. SEPTEMBER 14, 2016 President and CEO, Atrion Corporation. Reach 255,000 Harvard Farai N. Chideya ’90, New York City. Janet Nezhad Rye Barcott David Battat alumni, faculty, and staff. Distinguished writer in residence, Ar- Band thur L. Carter Journalism Institute, New York University. Your ad includes: Rye Barcott, M.B.A.-M.P.A.’09, Char- a full-color book jacket photo lotte, North Carolina. Managing partner and 7 lines of text—and and co-founder, Double Time Capital. will appear in both the print Susan M. Cheng, M.P.P. ’04, Ed.LD. ’13, Washington, D.C. Senior associate dean and online editions of the for diversity and inclusion, Georgetown Susan M. Farai N. Trey Grayson November-December 2016 Cheng Chideya University School of Medicine. issue of Harvard Magazine. Victor Jih, J.D. ’96, Los Angeles. Liti- gation partner, Irell and Manella LLP. For information about pricing Eliana Murillo ’10, San Francisco. Head of multicultural marketing, and ad specifications, go to: Google Inc. harvardmagazine.com/hauthors Trey Grayson ’94, Fort Mitchell, contact Gretchen Bostrom Kentucky. President and CEO, North- Victor Jih Eliana Murillo Michael C. at 617-496-6686, or e-mail ern Kentucky Chamber of Commerce. Payne [email protected]. www.alumni.harvard.edu Harvard Magazine 75 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 The College Pump Jolly Tippler, Good Dog

the club’s collection of Harvardiana. The article mentions ‘a couple of curious pen- and-ink caricatures of President Walker, drawn by a member of the Class of 1857.’ I compared the mystery drawings to a photograph of James Walker, Harvard president, 1853-1860. I wonder if you will agree “Your wooden arm you hold outstretched that the drawing can be identified as a hu- to shake with passers-by.” morous depiction of the president, joining his students and colleagues at the bar. This elegantly produced publication, The Art of ary Saunders, curator of would explain why it needed no identify- Commemoration and America’s First Rural Cem- the Harvard Club of New ing label for many of the club’s early years.” etery: Mount Auburn’s Significant Monument York, has sent Primus this Saunders finds in club records that the Collection. The authors are Melissa Banta, dispatch: “For many years drawings were donated by John Codman consulting curator at Mount Auburn and Min the old bar of the club hung a framed Ropes, A.B. 1857, LL.B. ’61, LL.D. ’97, Har- curator at Harvard’s Weissman Preserva- set of two small pen and ink doodles of a vard Overseer and founder of the Jacobite tion Center, and Meg L. Winslow, curator jolly man drinking. One of them appears Club. “The artist cannot be identified with of historical collections at the cemetery. below. It was signed with an ambiguous certainty,” she writes, “but my guess on the Of the more than 60,000 memorials on the monogram, but not dated or labeled in any monogram is SW, and the only such initials grounds, they focus on 30 of special artistic way. It seemed of some importance as it ap- in the Class of 1857 belong to Samuel Wells, and historical significance. pears displayed prominently on the fire- a Boston lawyer and businessman and fel- The marble sculpture of a Newfound- place mantel in an 1895 photograph of the low member of the Jacobite Club. Described land, above, was made in 1843 by Horatio club’s entrance hall. A new bar that opened as a man of remarkable humor, ‘he made the Greenough, best known for his statue of in 2003 had much less wall space, and the most ordinary things bubble with fun.’ ” George Washington at the U.S. Capitol. It doodles were relocated to one of the bed- lies above a tomb housing members of the room hallways, where they have hung for Perkins family. “Born into a mercantile fam- the past 14 years. They joined the list of ily,” the authors write, “Thomas Handasyd items called Mysteries of the Collection. The living who haunt Mount Auburn Perkins formed one of the largest American “Recently I saw a notice in the Cemetery in Cambridge and Water- trading houses in China in the early 1800s.” October 1892 issue of Harvard town, Massachusetts, do so for a A patron of the arts, he helped found the Graduate’s Magazine describing host of reasons. The cemetery Boston Athenaeum and was a major bene- is at once a lovely place for factor of what was later named the Perkins a stroll, a wildlife sanctu- School for the Blind. He died in 1854 and was ary full of birdwatchers buried in Boston. The Perkins family bought and frog lovers, a trove of a lot at Mount Auburn and in 1914 moved superb trees and shrubs his body to it. Greenough’s dog became one usefully labeled, and the of the cemetery’s iconic memorials. An early resting place of many in- guidebook explained that as “history makes teresting people. To the record of so many acts of fidelity, watch- list we add “museum.” fulness and sagacity of the Dog, it is here The Friends of Mount Au- considered appropriate to place him, as an burn has recently published apparent guard to the remains of the family an informative, pleasant, and who were his friends.” v primus v

76 May - June 2016 Images at left courtesy of the Harvard Club of New York. Image above © 2007 Jennifer Johnston /Courtesy of Mount Auburn Cemetery Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 the Classes Edited by Colleen Lannon ’89

1920s Share Your Pictures 1920-1929 Please submit news directly to “The Class- on the Web! es,” Harvard Magazine. Add something extra to your note. Digi- 1930s tal images attached to news sent to class- 1930-1938 Please submit news directly to “The Class- [email protected] or submitted at www. es,” Harvard Magazine. harvardmagazine.com (using the class- 1939 Please submit news directly to “The Classes,” notes form) appear with your entry in the Harvard Magazine. Web edition of Harvard Magazine. The co-chairs of the 2016 Barlow Foundation Gala, Barlow Black & White, honored Royce Diener Classmates Katherine Mallett ’14 and Carl and Jennifer Flinton Diener ’67, M.B.A. ’72, with the Zimmerman ’14 were married in October. 2016 Community Leadership Award for their service and dedication to the medical community and their many charitable causes. Diener is chairman emeritus 1947 Secretaries: Myke Simon, 60 Seminary Ave., Apt. from all over the country—all this and wonderful of American Medical International, Inc. a multina- 272, Auburndale, Mass. 02466-2671, mssimon4749@ neighbors just next door!” tional health-care services organization. post.harvard.edu; Ben Soble, Orchard Cove, 224 Del Pond Dr., Apt. 224, Canton, Mass. 02021-2749, Ben- 1949 Secretaries: The Reverend Thomas W. Buckley, [email protected]. 198 Centre Ave., Abington, Mass. 02351-2208, tom- 1940s Richard Porter reports: “Two years ago, Ruth and [email protected]; and Virginia Cass Mayo, 51 1940 Radcliffe secretary: Ellen Dalton Scannell, 167 I sold our home of 40 years, a former apple orchard Holly Ln., Centerville, Mass. 02632; [email protected]. Bay Spring Ave., Apt. 201, Barrington, R.I. 02806- in Acton, Massachusetts, and moved to Brooksby Robert T. Abrams writes, “I go into my law office 1373. News may also be submitted directly to “The Village, a retirement community in Peabody. Our five days a week and continue to play my cornet. Classes,” Harvard Magazine. interesting 1,700 residents in- It is better to wear out than clude a variety of professions rust out!” and many veterans of World “It is better to wear 1941 War II and Korea. Downsiz- out than rust out!” REUNION ing (“rightsizing” in modern 1950s Secretary: Clifton E. Helman, 45 Lester St., Brookline, corporate lingo) to three Robert T. Abrams ’49 1950 Secretaries: Gerald Lau- Mass. 02445; [email protected]. rooms and a mini kitchen was derdale, 193 Nashoba Rd., challenging, but we saved our Concord, Mass. 01742, Glau- 1942 Please submit news directly to “The Classes,” piano, library, art, and CD collection. I play oboe in [email protected]; and Zelda Sokal, 130D Seminary Harvard Magazine. a small ensemble here, volunteer in the library, and Ave., Apt. 221, Auburndale, Mass. 02466; nathanso- 1943 Secretary: Galen L. Stone, Fox Hill Village, Apt. Ruth volunteers in our continuing-care unit. More [email protected]. 422, 10 Longwood Dr., Westwood, Mass. 02090; ab- than 40 Harvard graduates live in Brooksby. The [email protected]. Harvard Club of the North Shore meets in neighbor- 1944 Secretary: Dan Huntington Fenn Jr., 59 Potter ing Salem’s historic Hawthorne Hotel. Two recent 1951 Pond, Lexington, Mass. 02421-8243; [email protected]. conferences moderated by our president, John Casler REUNION 1945 Secretaries: Sherwood E. “Joe” Bain, 10 White ’67, featured guest speakers on the subjects of global Harvard secretary: Maurice H. Richardson, 27 Upland Oak Drive, Z 207, Exeter, N.H. 03833; joe.bain. 41@ warming and the troubled Middle East. I am about Rd., Brookline, Mass. 02445, [email protected]. As- gmail.com; and Rosemary S. Cancian, 55 Hill Rd., to publish my first book,Music in Concord, a collection sistant secretary: Joseph Rosen, 136 Chestnut Cir., #500, Belmont, Mass. 02478. of essays written during my 40 years as program an- Lincoln, Mass. 01773; [email protected]. Radcliffe sec- notator for the Concord (Mass.) Orchestra.” retary: Joan Katzman Cotton, 2737 Arizona Biltmore Cir., #39, Phoenix 85016; [email protected]. Class 1946 1948 Secretaries: Walter Eagleson Robb III, P.O. Box website: H1951.classes.harvard.edu. REUNION 126, 35 Farm Rd., Sherborn, Mass. 01770, werobb35@ Secretaries: Roderick Nordell, 100 Newbury Court, Apt. aol.com; and Elise Odmann Parker, 33 Lonsdale Ln., 408, Concord, Mass. 01742-4157, [email protected]; Kennett Square, Pa. 19348-2045. 1952 and Elizabeth Moore, 118 Stevensville Rd., P.O. Box 63, Margaret (Thayer) Hollingsworth, approaching 90, Harvard secretary: William L. Bliss, 586 Bridge St., Underhill Center, Vt. 05490, bettymoore25@gmail. notes that she is “healthy and content, swimming in Dedham, Mass. 02026; [email protected]. com. Class website: H1946.classes.harvard.edu. Y pool aerobics, all three children frequent visitors Ambassador John L. Loeb Jr., M.B.A. ’54, founder

Harvard Magazine 76A Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 The Classes

of the Loeb Visitors Center at Newport’s historic missioned by London’s Tricycle Theatre. “Brief as Touro Synagogue (built in 1763), has endowed the 1955 NSCT is, one exposure cannot sufficiently convey Loeb Institute at George Washington University Secretaries: Warren M. Little, 35 Brewster St., Cam- its mercurial journey through layers of denial to in Washington, D.C. He writes, “To pass the baton bridge 02138-2203, [email protected]; and Re- the ultimate acceptance required of the play’s two of our educational efforts in Rhode Island to GWU bekah Ketchum Richardson, 58 Winter St., Nahant, teenage Afghan girls and young GI. Accordingly, is immensely reassuring. The university will inherit Mass. 01908, rebekah.k.richardson@ the plan is to present the play the academic resources we’ve created and the rela- gmail.com. Class website: www. twice—the first time straight, the tionships we have built with our partners.” Dean harvardclassof1955.org. “Adventurous second time accompanied by mu- Ben Vinson III, of GWU’s Columbian School of the The Harvard secretary reports: companies… sic emanating mostly from its own Arts and Sciences, welcomed the institute’s new “The Class Committee will hold sphere, as a kind of free-floating approach to teaching religion: “Ambassador Loeb’s its annual meeting, followed by take note!” elegy for youth sacrificed to con- gift will be transformational for students and fac- lunch, on Wednesday, August 3 at flicts of others’ making. Adven- ulty across academic disciplines as they address the the offices of the Harvard Alumni John Austin ’56 turous companies interested in pressing issues of religious diversity and freedom in Association, 6th Floor, 124 Mount presenting an unusual and provoc- contemporary society.” Auburn St., Cambridge. All class- ative evening of theater, take note!” mates are invited.” Those who wish to attend or Taylor J. Smith is the author of Into the Air, a sci-fi bring up matters at the meeting should contact detective novel that explores environmental issues 1953 class secretary Renny Little ([email protected]; and chemical industry crimes. Secretaries: Charles M. Wade, 307 Willow Brook Dr., 617-491-3937). Wayland, Mass. 01778, [email protected]; and Jeannette Beatty Asbed, 554 Vintage Reserve Ln., 1957 Unit A, Naples, Fla. 34119; [email protected]. 1956 Secretaries: James L. Joslin, 145 Forest St., Welles- Jeannette Beatty Asbed, RF ’86, writes, “My dear REUNION ley Hills, Mass. 02481, [email protected]; and husband, Norig, died peacefully last fall after a very Secretaries: Kenneth R. Rossano, 63 Hundreds Cir., Airlie Cameron Lennon, 33 Gramatan Court, Bronx- long illness. I drove north from Florida after the fu- Wellesley Hills, Mass. 02481, [email protected]; ville, N.Y. 10708; [email protected]. Class neral and spent a few months with my children in and Paula Budlong Cronin, 3 Lincoln Ln., Cambridge website: www.harvard57.org. Massachusetts and Northern Virginia. While there, I 02138; [email protected]. Class website: 1956.classes. George Sadowsky, G’58, reports, “I have been se- was able to visit with several classmates. Their news harvard.edu. lected to fill a third three-year term as a member of appears below.” The Harvard/Radcliffe Class of 1956 Fourth the board of directors of ICANN (Internet Corpo- Florence Potter Fosgate has moved from Cape Tuesday monthly luncheons at the Harvard Club ration for Assigned Names and Numbers).” Cod to independent living at Stafford Hill in Plym- of New York City continue on May 24 and June 28, Richard Allen Williams, M.D., is president-elect outh, Mass. Her new home is convenient to her before a summer hiatus; for details, contact Bob of the National Medical Association (NMA), the daughter, and Florence says she is enjoying hav- Ballard ([email protected]) or Thor world’s largest group of African-American doctors, ing all her needs met for active, relaxed living. She Thors ([email protected]). The Harvard Club of with 40,000 adherents. “I will be installed as the has retained her remarkable photo collection, and Boston First Tuesday luncheons continue on May 117th president of the NMA this coming August, we spent a delightful afternoon browsing down 3 and June 7, prior to their summer break; contact in time for our sixtieth reunion in 2017.” memory lane via some of her photos of classmates, Ken Rossano ([email protected]) for details. friends, and family. Non-club members are always welcome. Sally (Lane) Gould and Forrest Gould ’52 are still John Austin, LL.B. ’60, reports the completion 1958 active in their HVAC business in Needham, Mass., of music for MacArthur grantee Naomi Wallace’s Secretaries: John H. Finley III, Creative Develop- although their son, Peter, has taken over most of heartbreaking one-act play “No Such Cold Thing,” ment Co., P.O. Box 95, Newton Upper Falls, Mass. the management duties. They have several Harvard the last of 13 plays in the collection The Great Game: 02464; and Elisabeth R. Hatfield, 1 Potter Pond, Lex- grandchildren, two of whom are current under- Afghanistan (Oberon Books, London 2009), com- ington, Mass. 02421; [email protected]. graduates. Barbara Healey Killian has lived in an assisted- living facility in Duxbury for the past few years, but after the death of her husband, Charlie, her chil- To Our Readers dren arranged for her to move back into her home of 50 years. Her daughter, Mary Doyle, and Mary’s Alumni of Harvard and Radcliffe Colleges and the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences husband have moved in with her to help with her are invited to share their news in this section. Send material to “The Classes,” 7 Ware Street, care. There, she enjoys the frequent visits of lifelong Cambridge 02138; via [email protected]; or via the website, using the class-notes friends and family. form provided. (Note that we welcome wedding and birth announcements, but do not Chester J. Salkind is “living in Durango, Colorado. Have become a geezer poet.” report engagements or pregnancies.) The addresses of College class secretaries and of Acey Carbonaro Welch has documented the class websites and Facebook pages are printed as a service. Please note: News sent to the history of the Committee for the Equality of Harvard Alumni Association’s online class-notes section now appears in these pages, but Women at Harvard for the Schlesinger Library; Harvard Magazine class notes do not yet appear on the HAA site. it is online at http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:RAD. SCHL:sch00389. Classmates will remember this For privacy reasons, class notes and obituaries are ac- committee grew out of our thirty-fifth reunion, cessible at www.harvardmagazine.com only to those and the concerns of classmates at that time, Acey with post.harvard addresses. Alumni may specify that a leader among them. She is also involved in fundraising for the Peggy Schmertzler Leadership Lec- their news is to be printed only in the print edition; tures Fund, an annual lecture in memory of our all other submissions appear on the website. classmate who gave significant direction to this Readers who submit information electronically committee and its success over the decades (see may be disappointed when their news does not ap- the March-April class notes). pear in the next issue. Production deadlines are Oc- tober 15 for the January-February issue, December 1954 15 for March-April, February 15 for May-June, April Secretaries: John T. Bethell, 59 School St., Manchester, Mass. 01944, [email protected]; and Nancy 15 for July-August, June 15 for September-October, Fisher Smith, 1011 Chester Village W., Chester, Conn. and August 15 for November-December. 06412-1060, [email protected].

76B May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 on Monomoy with state game wardens in 1934. He liked it so much Labor of Love he bought a three-room “camp” there (adding his son’s name to the deed), where his family spent almost every weekend, from April to Fred Crafts ’50 was six when in 1935 his father first took him December, until 1950. By then, terrain and use were both altering. hunting on Monomoy, which juts into Nantucket Sound “at the Approval for Monomoy’s “taking” for public use was given by all elbow of Cape Cod some 70 miles southeast of Boston,” as he puts federal and state agencies in 1940. The judge “worshipped” Teddy it in the introduction to his first book,Remembering Monomoy. The Roosevelt, his son recalls, and as “a conser- sometime island(s), sometime peninsula, now a National Wild- vationist as well as a duck hunter, he realized life Refuge, “has been my second life,” there was a crying need for a wildlife refuge,” he writes, and the future lawyer, land but he also negotiated life tenancy for ex- planner, and developer began collect- isting camp owners on the then-peninsula. ing information about the spot in 1950. When the author’s children were grow- In 2012, staff members at the U.S. ing up, in the 1960s, beach buggy access to Fish and Wildlife Service head- Monomoy had ended. The family rented a quarters in Chatham, Massachu- cottage for a few weeks each summer and setts, asked him, as the last surviving visited what was once again an island by hunting-camp owner on Monomoy, to small boat during their stay; share his recollections. That “simple later, he supervised annual Boy request turned into a very enjoyable Scout camping trips to Mono- project”: his 230-page omnium-gath- moy until 1987. But “Mother Na- erum contains personal reminiscences ture pretty much does what she and photographs; copious re- Fred Crafts has wants to,” he writes; in 1991, he filled his book prints or summaries of related fts jr. let Fish and Wildlife burn the with snapshots; a newspaper and magazine ar- he is at right, remains of his vandalized, much- ticles; copies of relevant maps, with classmate eroded camp. charts, and official documents; Bob Krumveida Crafts is happy his self-pub- reproductions of duck stamps (left) and a friend, lished first printing of 500 cop- Bob Ciccone, in from 1939 to 1971; and even a November 1949. ies is running out, and his book

15-page memoir of Monomoy courtesy of frederic A. cr is going back to press. His goal Point “circa 1900” written in the 1980s by another one-time resi- “was to collect as much information as possible about all aspects dent. Besides fishing, hunting, and camp life, Crafts covers the of Monomoy, past, present, and future…[in] one book so readers Coast Guard on Monomoy and tells how, geologically and his- could better understand what is going on, as nothing stays the torically, the wildlife refuge came to be, recalling now-vanished same on Monomoy or the outer Cape barrier beaches.” Wetlands places like Wildcat Swamp, a songbird haven with abundant high- preservation, he stresses, should be a primary concern: “They are bush blueberries, “the healthiest and…best flavor I have tasted.” the source of life for so many different species. You see this if you’re Crafts’s father, Judge Frederic A. Crafts Sr., went duck hunting a duck hunter, sitting in the marsh all day.” vjean martin

Lewis M. Steel writes: “Finally, after saying for any of your reactions to either the book or the events their significant others plan to gather for their fifty- many years in our class reports that I was working I describe. I can be reached at Outten & Golden LLP, sixth reunion on Commencement Day, Thursday, on a memoir, it has arrived. Thomas Dunne Books/St where I am senior counsel. My e-mail address is ls@ May 26, at the Harvard Alumni Association’s Tree Martin’s Press will publish The Butler’s Child on June 14. outtengolden.com. Also, I will do a reading from The Spread (luncheon in the Old Yard) and the after- Written with Beau Friedlander, the book, subtitled Butler’s Child at the Barnes and Noble bookstore, on noon HAA Annual Meeting, followed by a reception An Autobiography, tells how, as a privileged white child 82nd Street and Broadway in Manhattan, on June 28 and dinner at the Cambridge Boat Club. “We will be who had a close, but eventually conflicted, relation- at 7 p.m. All are welcome.” joined by the Harvard and Radcliffe Classes of 1959. ship with the African-American butler who worked Respond promptly when you receive the Tree Spread for my family, I grew up to be a lifelong civil-rights invitation to reserve your spot at lunch (there is no lawyer. The book includes reflections on being born 1959 charge for alums; $35 for guests), and to obtain free into the Warner Brothers film clan, experiences at Secretaries: David Dearborn, 16 Beaver Pond Rd., tickets for the afternoon HAA Annual Meeting (the Harvard, and how the NAACP’s general counsel, Beverly, Mass. 01915, [email protected]; guest speaker will be movie director Steven Spiel- Robert L. Carter, became my mentor and close friend. and Stephanie Martin, 241 Perkins St., #C-303, Ja- berg). You may also be able to obtain a free ticket My courtroom battles involving African Americans maica Plain, Mass. 02130; stephaniemartin@post. (alumni only, as tickets are limited) for the morn- accused of murdering whites, as well as critically harvard.edu. ing Commencement Exercises. The Cambridge Boat important northern civil cases involving school and Club dinner tickets ($75 per person) require a sepa- housing segregation, exclusionary zoning, employ- rate registration; visit our website, www.harvard60. ment discrimination, and police brutality are also part 1960 org, for more information and to register. Please of the memoir. All are told within the frame of living Secretaries: Henry O. Marcy 4th, Four Summit Dr., note: The previously announced June 15 luncheon at in two very different worlds and trying to understand #508, Reading, Mass. 01867-4054; hjmarcy@comcast. The Country Club in Brookline has been canceled.” and navigate the relationship of my white privilege to net; and Jane Classen Simon, 2901 Brookwood Terr., The Harvard secretary writes, “The serendipity both my work and life. At home, the memoir touches Minneapolis 55410; [email protected]. of the Harvard Class of 1960 luncheons, now in their on my 55-year marriage to Kitty Muldoon and the Harvard class website: www.harvard60.org; Rad- forty-sixth (!) year, was recently in evidence once interplay and tribalism of our Jewish and Roman cliffe class website: www.radcliffe60.org. again! Don Quinn, our host for a very enjoyable June Catholic backgrounds. I would be appreciative to hear The Harvard and Radcliffe Classes of 1960 and (2014) day at Plimoth Plantation, offered to the rev-

Harvard Magazine 76C Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 The Classes

elers at our February 4 gathering at Embassy Suites Leadership Conference on March 5. The medal is one [email protected]. Class website: http://hr1964.org. in Waltham the possibility of a reprise focused on of the highest honors in the field. The annual award Stephen Gehlbach’s American Plagues: Lessons from the Mayflower II, which is being spruced up (a $7-mil- honors professionals and volunteers whose dedica- Our Battles with Disease has just been released in an lion project) in preparation for the celebration of the tion and achievements improve the lives of people updated edition. It “relates stories of epidemics past 400th anniversary of the settlers embarking from the who are blind or visually impaired. The Foundation and present, from smallpox to Ebola. As the nar- Mayflower at Plimoth. Immediately, Will Rogers inter- Fighting Blindness, established in 1971, has raised ratives proceed, readers are treated to an engaging jected that he had met, on a visit to Italy, a woman— over $600 million to support research to prevent and tutorial in epidemiology and the scientific reasoning a Marchesa—whose family was the builder/owner treat blindness caused by retinal disease. processes that form the basis of our current medical/ of the Mayflower I and who had all the original early public-health research paradigms.” seventeenth-century papers. Well, you can imagine Don’s excitement. Don and the Marchesa, with 1962 Will’s assistance, will be in touch. In addition to Secretaries: Christopher Wadsworth, P.O. Box 1201, 1965 Don and Will, those in attendance included Bob Ad- Dennis, Mass. 02638, christopher_wadsworth_ab62@ Secretaries: John Paul Russo, Dept. of English, Ashe ams, Jerry Amero, Hank Keohane, David Kopelman, post.harvard.edu; and Roberta Rose Benjamin, 1 Seal 321, Univ. of Miami, Coral Gables, Fla. 33124, jprus- Gerry Levenson, Richard Lindzen, Henry Marcy, Bill Harbor Rd., Apt. 516, Winthrop, Mass. 02152-1025, [email protected]; and Linda Summers, 23 Helen Drive, Markus, Tare Newbury, Peter Papesch, Larry Rappaport, [email protected]. Facebook: http://hvrd.me/ Southampton, Mass. 01073, [email protected]. Paul Rothwell, Ed Tarlov and David Wizansky. Go to uw7ie. edu. Class website: hr65.org. our website for Peter Papesch’s photos of the event.” Bill Mares writes, “I have just published a new Ben W. Heineman Jr. is the author of The Inside The Harvard secretary reports that Frank Carbone book, Grafting Memory (Bard Owl Books), with retired Counsel Revolution: Resolving the Partner-Guardian Ten- Jr., of Beverly, Mass., has been honored by the Mas- Univ. of Vermont art history professor Bill Lipke. sion (Ankerwycke), which looks critically and sachusetts Medical Society as the 2016 recipient of The bulk of the book treats memorials and cemeter- carefully at the central role of general counsel in its most prestigious honor, the Lifetime Achievement ies of the Civil War and World War One, but also advancing the core mission of today’s corporation: Award, given to a member who has made lasting con- extends from the American Revolution to the War achieving high performance with high integrity tributions to the practice of medicine over a lifetime on Terror. Notable among the Civil War monuments and sound risk management. Heineman explains in healthcare delivery, patient care, education, and we discuss is Memorial Hall, for which construc- how to resolve the critical tension facing inside administration and who has made significant contri- tion a group of alumni raised the equivalent of one- counsel—being partner to the board of directors, butions to the goals of the society. He will receive the twelfth of the College endowment. Of the building, the CEO, and business leaders, but also, ultimately, award at the organization’s annual meeting in Bos- President Eliot wrote, ‘...the most valuable gift the guardian of the corporation. The former General ton on May 5. In nominating him for the award, his University has ever received, with respect alike to Electric general counsel is a founding father of the colleagues noted Frank’s many years of leadership cost, daily usefulness, and significance.’” inside counsel movement. activities in organized medicine at the local, state, and Peter W. Williams’s Religion, Art, and Money: Epis- national levels, citing his “key roles in mentoring and copalians and American Culture from the Civil War to the developing leaders at both the Massachusetts Medi- 1963 Great Depression (UNC Press) explores mainline cal Society and the American Medical Association, by Secretaries: Robert L. Beal, The Beal Companies, 177 Protestantism and American cities—notably New encouraging physicians young and old to participate, Milk St., 2nd floor, Boston 02109, rbeal@relatedbeal. York City—and argues that wealthy, urban Epis- get involved, and represent the physician-patient recom; and Judith Dollenmayer, 124 Raymond Ave. #657, copalians, many of them the country’s most suc- lationship.” Frank graduated cum laude in social rela- Poughkeepsie, N.Y. 12604-0001; jdollenmayer@gmail. cessful industrialists and financiers, left a deep and tions and was a member of Eliot House. He earned his com. Facebook: http://hvrd.me/uw7gL. lasting mark on U.S. urban culture. Williams, who M.D. cum laude from the University of Pennsylvania Peter S. Kelley, now in his fiftieth year as a trial is Distinguished Professor emeritus of comparative School of Medicine and served his internship at Mary attorney in Maine, writes that he is “finally consid- religion and American studies at Miami University, Hitchcock Memorial Hospital at Dartmouth College ering retiring at the end of this year. Marcia and I is the author or co-editor of several books, includ- and his residency at the Medical Center of Vermont. will then be able to spend even more uninterrupted ing the Encyclopedia of Religion in America. His Harvard classmates have honored Harold time at our homes in Naples, Florida, and on the “Hank” Keohane for his extraordinary service as their Maine coast. We and our children have all traveled class secretary: he succeeded the late Dave Donaldson extensively, but we particularly enjoyed a lengthy 1966 in 1994 and served until resigning in April 2014 for family vacation in 2015 to Italy, France, Spain, and REUNION health reasons. His successor reports: “In his resig- Tunisia for history buffs (Carthage and the Medi- Secretaries: Thomas E. Black, 26 Storey Dr., Lincoln, nation letter, Hank stated: ‘It has been a wonderful terranean). Part of our trip included a cruise, which Mass. 01773; [email protected]; and experience serving the class and Harvard over the may be the only way to ensure that all family mem- Roberta Mundie, 10 Miller Place #1601, San Francisco years.’ His classmates echo that senti- bers arrive at the same locations at 94108; [email protected]. Class website: 1966. ment—it has been a wonderful ex- the same time.” The Harvard bas- classes.harvard.edu. Facebook: http://hvrd.me/uw7f9. perience to have Hank as our leader! “…I have now ketball letter-winner, who was in- The plaque presented to Hank at our ducted into the Maine Sports Hall fifty-fifth reunion is festooned with turned my of Fame in 1997, adds that he was 1967 the Class logo and reads: In Apprecia- inducted into both the Maine Bas- Secretaries: Pete Rogers, 44 Pearl Rd., Nahant, Mass. tion For His Service to the Harvard attention ketball Hall of Fame and the New 01908, [email protected]; and Susan B. King Brown, Class of 1960 / HANK KEOHANE / England Hall of Fame in Worcester, 310 W. 85th St., No. 7-A, New York City 10024, susan- Class Secretary / 1994-2014. Class- to its inner Mass., this past August. [email protected]. Class website: www.hr67.org. mates wish Hank the best of health Benet Kolman, a longtime Boston The co-chairs of the 2016 Barlow Foundation and many more years of happiness workings.” cardiologist, has just completed his Gala, Barlow Black & White, honored Royce Diener with his wife, Pat, his entire family, Benet Kolman ’63 first work of literary fiction: Dark ’39 and Jennifer Flinton Diener, M.B.A. ’72, with the and his many friends.” Matters: Seven Variations on a Theme 2016 Community Leadership Award for their ser- (Damianos Publishing). “After con- vice and dedication to the medical community and centrating for years on the outer workings of the their many charitable causes. Diener, who has spent 1961 heart, I have now turned my attention to its inner her career as a senior executive in the hospital and REUNION workings.” His collection of seven short stories ex- healthcare industry, currently serves on the boards Secretaries: Gregory Downes, 203 Adams St., Milton, pands on a theme that Immanuel Kant called “the of the Blue Ribbon of the Music Center, The Broad Mass. 02186, [email protected]; and Ruth Wardle crooked timber of humanity.” Stage at Santa Monica College, Santa Monica/UCLA Scott, 8 Governors Ln., Princeton, N.J. 08540, xruth- Orthopedic Hospital and Medical Center, and the [email protected]. Class website: 1961.classes.har- Pine Cobble School in Williamstown, Mass. vard.edu. Facebook: http://hvrd.me/uw7jU. 1964 Gerard Sarnat, M.D., sends word that his fourth Gordon Gund, chairman of Foundation Fighting Secretaries: John Henn, 6 Walnut Ave., Cambridge poetry collection, Melting the Ice King, is available on Blindness, and his wife, Llura, received the Ameri- 02140, [email protected]; and Emilie de Brigard, 8 Amazon and at select bookstores. Visit gerardsarnat. can Foundation for the Blind Migel Medal at AFB’s Christian Hill Rd., Higganum, Conn. 06441, edebri- com for reading dates and more.

76D May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Institute. But several years later, when asked to do a photo exhibit Sharing Stories about Turkey, she opened up her dark room and printed 60 black and white images from the mid 1970s for display in London and “You don’t steal photographs,” explains Leslie Tuttle ’72. Istanbul. She credits those shows with returning her to the roots “You engage, and the photograph should show something of your re- of her career. Since then, she has worked for organizations that al- lationship to the people in it.” low her to photograph, curate exhibits, and create new materials. A social documentary pho- In 2000, she began an independent project in Turkey, connect- tographer, curator, and archi- ing with some of the women she’d met in the mid 1970s, and their vist, Tuttle has had a lifelong daughters. In photos and interviews, she has documented a re- focus on women’s work, in markable generational change. Many of the older women mar- developing countries and ried young, with relatively few resources; their daughters are closer to home. The former “getting education, getting visual and environmental birth control, [and] making studies concentrator shifted their own life choices.” She career plans away from ar- calls the project her “unpub- h cotrill a

chitecture when she was in- r lished book”; its working ti- a troduced to photography at tle is “Don’t Judge a Woman Harvard and fell in love with by Her Headscarf.” photojournalism. By her def- In 2013, she saw a chance ph courtesy of s

inition, “You’re not [a social a to work on a local proj- documentary photographer] ect about New Hampshire hotogr if you think you’re going to go P farms. She and Helen Brody, a illustrate an idea you already have. Leslie Tuttle, friend with a background in You go look for the story, and you her new book, food writing and local agricultural and a 1970s listen, and you see what the story image of concerns, produced New Hampshire is once you get there, and then you Turkish women Women Farmers: Pioneers of the Local at a tea party

document it.” nd top leslie by tuttle Food Movement (University Press With this in mind, Tuttle decid- of New England), published last ed to live overseas after graduation “and see the world fall. They didn’t initially focus on ges left a a

from a different perspective.” She was offered a job im women, but during their research, documenting agricultural projects in rural villages in Turkey, and she and Brody realized that many factors supporting farm pros- went, intending to stay one year—but she learned Turkish, and the perity—adding value to the product, promoting farmers’ markets, single year stretched to four. That experience with rural communi- and interacting directly with customers—were strongly driven ties launched her into a job with Oxfam America. Traveling from by women. “We never said that the men aren’t involved…there are Cambodia to India to Mali, she continued narrating stories through lots of exceptions and lots of partnerships,” Tuttle explains. “But images and writing, trying to condense complex circumstances into a lot of the women are doing the things that are pushing the local pieces that were understandable, but not oversimplified. food movement.” Gaining entry into private communities with vastly different At the New Hampshire Farm and Forest Expo, she and Brody social expectations is central to doing her work properly, Tuttle spoke with commissioner of agriculture Lorraine Stuart Mill, U.S. explains, especially when her focus involves observing people in senator Jeanne Shaheen, and Governor Maggie Hassan about how their everyday lives. She stresses the importance of honoring lo- their material could be used for “everything from running work- cal culture, whether that means dressing conservatively or taking shops for young farmers to tourism”; the pair hope to design an off shoes indoors: “You can avoid barriers if you show that kind exhibit for the state Department of Agriculture to further these of respect. I think in a lot of places I would have been rejected or causes. “I didn’t want this book to be just another picturesque ren- shunned if I hadn’t done something as simple as covering my head.” dering of the New England countryside,” Tuttle writes, but instead After Oxfam, Tuttle changed gears, “got an M.B.A., had children, a “tribute to women,” sharing their stories and telling their tales. and started a nonprofit with my husband,” the Consensus Building volivia campbell

Bonnie Luternow, 9716 Forest Ridge Dr., Clarkston, ated threatening divisions in our politics and society 1968 Mich. 48348, [email protected]. Class website: at large, effective solutions to the seemingly most Secretaries: Stephen M. Waters, 7 Larkspur Ln., Green- http://hr69.org. Facebook: http://hvrd.me/uw7e3. insurmountable of the problems stare us in the face wich, Conn. 06831, stephen.waters@CA-LLP.com, and An exhibition of work by sculptor James Diner- (see page 70). Stone is founder and chairman of the Linda Greenhouse, 227 Church St., Apt. 6J, New Haven, stein, Newtown Creek Series, was on view at the Plymouth Rock group of companies in Boston and a Conn. 06510; [email protected]. Cara Gallery in New York City through February 20. former economics professor at the College. James M. Stone, Ph.D. ’73, is the author of 5 Easy Theses: Commonsense Solutions to America’s Greatest Eco- 1969 nomic Challenges (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt). He 1970 Secretaries: Andrew Rudnick, 340 South Palm Ave. argues that even though the economic insecurity Secretaries: Gerald S. Savitsky, 7628 Wheatcroft Ct., #75, Sarasota, Fla. 34236, [email protected]; and felt by most American families these days has cre- Bethesda, Md. 20824, [email protected].

Harvard Magazine 76E Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 The Classes

the Law” by Michigan Lawyers Weekly. He is a member, and chief diversity officer, in the Detroit office of The SIGnboard: Reunion Week Dickinson Wright PLLC. Many Shared Interest Groups (alumni.harvard.edu/haa/clubs-sigs/sigs-directory) host get-togethers during Commencement and Reunion week. Some early listings appear 1975 Secretaries: Christopher H. Duble, Fred C. Church below; updates will be posted at harvardmagazine.com/2015/05/the-signboard and at Insurance, 41 Wellman St., Connector Park, Low- alumni.harvard.edu/events/haa-shared-interest-group-2016-reunion-events. ell, Mass. 01851, [email protected]; and Joan Porter MacIver, The Mill, Baythorne End, Essex CO9 Harvard Gender & Sexuality Caucus 4AJ, UK, [email protected]. Class website: hr75.org. Facebook: http://hvrd.me/uw77J. HGSC holds its annual Commencement Dinner on Thursday, May 26, at Lowell House, with featured guest Annise Parker, mayor of Houston from 2010 to 2016. For details, visit 1976 www.hgsc.org. REUNION Secretaries: Peter (“Zik”) Ivan Armstrong III, 300 Harvardwood Cascade Rise Ct., SW, Atlanta 30331, peter_zik_arm- On Friday, May 27, local members and reunioning alumni will gather at Charlie’s Kitchen [email protected]; and Dana Robinson Krum- in Harvard Square to meet and mingle from 5 to 7 p.m. Cash bar. This event is free, and holz, 136 Dunbar Rd., Palm Beach, Fla. 33480, larcz8@ aol.com. Class website: www.hr76.org. Facebook: guests and family members are welcome. RSVP requested; visit www.harvardwood.org/ http://hvrd.me/uw750. harvardwood_2016_reunion_mixer.

Holden Alumni 1977 Secretaries: Alexander C. Tilt, 4475 N. Ocean Blvd., Join fellow Harvard Glee Club/Radcliffe Choral Society/Harvard-Radcliffe Collegium Mu- Apt. 2C, Delray Beach, Fla. 33483; [email protected] sicum alumni on Saturday, May 28, at 3 p.m. in Paine Hall for the only reunion event where vard.edu; and Regina Pisa, Goodwin Procter LLP, 53 you can relive your Holden years! This Marvin double-header features sing-throughs of State St., Boston 02109; [email protected]. Class website: www.hr1977.com. Facebook: http:// the Fauré Requiem and Haydn Lord Nelson Mass, with Dr. Jameson Marvin, conductor, hvrd.me/uw73z. and Noam Elkies, orchestra. No RSVP required. Details at www.hrcmf.org.

Phillips Brooks House Association Alumni 1978 Secretaries: Philip S. (“Flip”) Koch, 5110 Patrick Hen- All alums interested in public service, whether former PBHA volunteers or not, are invited ry, Bellaire, Tex. 77401; [email protected]; to an Open House on Saturday, May 28, from 2:30 to 5 p.m. at Phillips Brooks House to recon- and Margarita Montoto-Escalera; montotoescalera@ nect with classmates and meet PBHA staff and current students engaged in exciting public aol.com. Class website: http://www.hr78.org. Face- service projects in homelessness advocacy, child and youth services, and elderly and prison book: http://hvrd.me/uw72x. Charles G. Curtis Jr. has been elected a member services. Light appetizers and refreshments will be served. Learn more at alumni.pbha.org. of the American Law Institute. He is a partner in Perkins Coie’s litigation practice in Madison and Washington, D.C. edu; and Peggy Mais Padnos, 1088 West 27th St., Hol- harvard.edu. Radcliffe secretary: Louise Ritchie, 2603 land, Mich. 49423; [email protected]. Hastings Dr., Tallahassee, Fla. 32303-2127; Aziza710@ Mark Gerzon writes of The Reunited States of Amer- aol.com Class website: hr1973.org. Facebook: http:// 1979 ica: How We Can Bridge the Partisan Divides (Berrett- hvrd.me/uw7aw. Secretaries: Jonathan J. Ledecky, 970 West Broadway, Koehler): “At a time when loyalty to party seems to Richard Carey writes, “Last fall, the University Jackson, Wyo. 83001; [email protected]; and Rachel be overpowering love of country, the book not only of New England Press published In the Evil Day, my Kemp, 39 Hewins St., Boston 02121; rachel.v.kemp@ explains how we can bridge the partisan divide nonfiction account of a 1997 gun-violence incident gmail.com. Class website: www.hr79.org. but also tells the untold story of how our fellow in little Colebrook, NH.” citizens already are doing it.” Learn more at Mark- MIT Sloan business ethicist Leigh Hafrey has pub- Gerzon.com or BridgeAlliance.US. lished War Stories: Fighting, Competing, Imagining, Leading, 1980 which examines how to “demilitarize” our nation’s Secretary: E. Anthony McAuliffe, 65 Goddard Ave., concept of leadership. War Stories illustrates the ef- Brookline, Mass. 02445-7418; tony_mcauliffe_ab80@ 1971 fect on individuals and communities of an economy post.harvard.edu. Class website: harvardclassof1980. REUNION perpetually flirting with, or engaged in, conflict. For com. Facebook: http://hvrd.me/uw70E. Secretaries: Rod Kessler, 3 Winter Island Rd., Salem, the business reader, it emphasizes the need to re- Javier Gonzalez “returned to Cambridge at the Mass. 01970-5730, [email protected]; and think how we manage our organizations, and how to end of February to attend this year’s Detur Prize Cynthia J. Blanton, 1171 Giles Gate, Oakville, Ontario, advance the cause of ethical business and leadership award ceremony in the board room of University L6M 2S4, Canada, [email protected]. Class web- practices that work. Hafrey taught at the Business Hall. Among the hundred or so honored sopho- site: www.hr71.org. Facebook: http://hvrd.me/uw7cj. School from 1989 through 1993, and served as co- mores were my son, Xavier Gonzalez ’18, and Daniel master of Mather House from 1993 through 2010. He Nightingale ’18, son of our classmates and Leverett is also a senior moderator for the Aspen Institute, House residents Jack Nightingale and Anne Reitman. 1972 which focuses on values-driven leadership. It was a special moment for me. I received this same Secretaries: Joseph F.X. Donovan Jr., P.O. Box 381013, prize in 1978. At the award ceremony I encountered Cambridge 02238, [email protected]; and an old friend, Tom Dingman ’67, Ed.M. ’73, formerly Linda Watson Robinson, [email protected]. 1974 Alston Burr tutor at Leverett House and now dean of Class website: harvard1972.org. Secretaries: Thomas G. McKinley, 3921 Clay St., San freshmen—he looks just like he looked 35 years ago! Francisco 94118-1623, [email protected]; and Speaking of continuity, when I was a sophomore the A’Lelia Bundles, 4109 Garrison St., NW, Washington, head coach of varsity tennis was Dave Fish ’72. He 1973 D.C. 20016, [email protected]. Class website: still is. I was fortunate to be under his direction then, Harvard secretary: Nat Guild, Square One Analytics, www.hr1974.org. Facebook: http://hvrd.me/uw79e. and my son Xavier is doubly fortunate to be under 53 Main St., Concord, Mass. 01742; guild@post. Anthony Jenkins has been named a “2016 Leader in his guidance now.”

76F May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Pimentel on higher-education and school searches. com. Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/ 1981 She and Anne just successfully recruited the new Harvard88. REUNION president of Lesley University, although sadly she Tony Silbert writes, “I am wrapping up my term Secretary: David L. Ramsey, 53 Beatrice Cir., Belmont, missed out on Cambridge cam- as chair of the board of The Har- Mass. 02478; [email protected]. Class web- pus visits (and having dinners mony Project (www.harmony- site: www.hr1981.org. Facebook: http://hvrd.me/ with Anne Holtzworth). “…our kids are project.org), a nonprofit I co- uw6ZB. Terence J. Murnin is providing founded in 2001 to build healthier Reunion committee member Barbara Watson communications and public- getting ready to communities through the study, reminds classmates of these thirty-fifth reunion relations services for Fennemore practice, and performance of events: a class dinner on May 25, a class dinner at Craig, a full-service law firm. A perform in the music. It’s been quite a ride. We the Harvard Museum of Natural History on May 26, frequent Harvardwood contrib- have won three awards from the dinner in newly renovated Dunster House on May utor, he has penned profiles for Super Bowl half- White House during the Obama 27, a class dinner at Annenberg on May 28, and a Harvard alumni in the arts, en- administration, and, as I write, jazz brunch in Dunster House on May 29. A detailed tertainment, and media includ- time show!” our kids are getting ready to per- schedule appears at www.HR1981.org. Watson adds ing Couper Samuelson ’02, Ker- Tony Silbert ’88 form at the Super Bowl half-time that “Photos of classmates’ creative works (books, mit Roosevelt ’93, Joe Toplyn ’75, show! The next step is to build on buildings, art, etc.), along with photos from our col- M.B.A. ’79, David Kwong ’02, and the 2,000-student flagship pro- lege days, are desired to put on display.” Broderick Fox ’96. His next feature-film screenplay, gram we created in Los Angeles and expand nation- Bhang Lassi, is set for release on May 2. ally. We are already in eight other cities across the Broward County public schools superintendant country and hope we can help other disadvantaged 1982 Robert Runcie has been named 2016 Florida Superin- communities bring our research-based, scientifical- Secretary: Stephen R. Quazzo, Pearlmark Real Estate tendent of the Year. He leads the sixth-largest school ly-proven program to the kids who need it most.” Partners, 200 West Madison, Suite 3200, Chicago district in the nation, serving more than 275,000 Saul Weiner, a physician and faculty member at 60606; [email protected]. Facebook: http:// students. Under his leadership, the district has im- the University of Illinois at Chicago and the Jesse hvrd.me/uw6XP. plemented programs copied by school districts na- Brown VA Medical Center, has published Listen- Tim Leonard reports the publication of his book, tionwide, including rethinking student discipline to ing for What Matters: Avoiding Contextual Errors in Health Illiberal Reformers: Race, Eugenics & American Economics eliminate the school-to-prison pipeline; expanding Care (Oxford). Coauthored with a colleague, Alan in the Progressive Era (Princeton). access to computer programming to more than 38,000 Schwartz, the book describes more than a decade of elementary, middle-, and high-school students; and research his team has conducted into what happens restoring public confidence, as reflected in the ap- when physicians get the science right (i.e., the care 1983 proval of an $800-million general obligation bond for is “evidence based”) but the care plan wrong (e.g., Secretary: Ellen G. Reeves, 27 Washington Square safe and modern schools that passed with 74 percent prescribing a medication a patient can’t afford when North, #5D, New York City 10011-9175; ellenreeves@ voter approval. Since being implemented in 2012/13, a cheaper alternative is available)—a phenomenon post.harvard.edu. Class website: www.hr1983.com. the district’s speech and debate program has become Weiner terms “contextual error.” The work is based Facebook: http://hvrd.me/uw6We. the largest in the nation, including over 10,000 stu- on sending actors on hundreds of undercover visits Debi Ramos, J.D. ’87, writes, “January 27 was the dents from the district’s high schools. The district into clinical practices as patients, and also on over a one-year anniversary of my husband’s death. In the has also seen its highest graduation rate in five years thousand visits in which real patients audio-record- past year, my 14-year-old son, Rafael, and I worked and has reduced the achievement gap in areas such as ed their interactions with their physicians. The book through our loss. Thankfully, I have had the support Advanced Placement pass rates. Runcie’s future plans is written for an educated lay audience. of many friends, particularly my friends from the include tackling early literacy and rebuilding account- Harvard community. Everyone has been extremely ability and compensation for teachers. kind and patient in allowing us the time and space 1989 to deal with the shock and the death. Thank you for Secretary: Lisa Rotondo Hampton, 1223 Leith Hall Dr., all of the calls, cards, flowers, and care that you have 1985 St. Johns, Fla. 32259; lisahampton89@post.harvard. lavished upon us. We also would like to express our Secretary: Mary K. Warren, 2700 Woodley Rd., N.W., edu. Class website: harvard89.org. Facebook: http:// deepest gratitude to Terrie McLaughlin ’79, J.D. ’82, Unit 206, Washington, D.C. 20008-4149; mkwarren@ hvrd.me/uw6LR. and Rebecca Spang-Polly, G ’92, who have been our me.com. Class website: hr1985.com. Facebook: http:// Kate Sofis was one of six recipients of the James lifelines during these difficult months, providing hvrd.me/uw6TL. Irvine Foundation Leadership Awards in California, moral support and gentle prodding to keep us going. David L. Finegold, Ph.D., has been named presi- winning $200,000 for her efforts to boost rehabilita- We very much needed it. My husband and I were dent of Chatham University in Pittsburgh. He has tion and prevention as an alternative to prison. She together nearly 20 years. Terrie and Rebecca helped dedicated his career to education reform, the design is executive director of SFMade/San Francisco Office remind me of who I was before, and who I can still of high-performance organizations, and extensive of Economic and Workforce Development, a public- be after losing my husband. We hope that you will research on education and skill-creation systems private partnership that is invigorating urban manu- continue to think of us in the year to come, and to around the world. facturing, a sector that includes more than 600 local keep us in your prayers.” businesses providing more than 5,000 jobs. 1986 1984 REUNION Secretary: George P. Lightbody, 6 King Rd., Etna, N.H. Secretary: Robert Payne Fox Jr., 63 Highland Ave., #2, Make a donation 03750; [email protected]. Class website: www. Cambridge 02139; [email protected]. Class web- HR84.com. Facebook: http://hvrd.me/uw6V1. site: hr1986.com. Facebook: http://hvrd.me/uw6QT. Your donation Sarah Chayes, G ’91, is the author of Thieves of State: Why Corruption Threatens Global Security (Norton). The helps us to: book makes a strong case that acute corruption not 1987 only causes social breakdown but also violent ex- Secretary: Janet Dickerman Pearl, 31 Amherst Rd., Keep you connected tremism. A former reporter, entrepreneur, and gov- Wellesley, Mass. 02482; [email protected]. ernment adviser, Chayes is now senior associate at edu. Facebook: http://hvrd.me/uw6Pq. to the Harvard the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Former FTC lawyer Alicia Batts has joined Squire Frances Hochschild sends greetings from San Fran- Patton Boggs as partner in Washington, D.C. community and cisco, the land of the Giants and Warriors (she and your fellow alumni her daughter, Isabella, are avid sports fans), where she enjoys running into Liz Hodder Corbus at the local 1988 Peet’s. On the work side, in the fall of 2014, Hochs- Assistant secretary: Bill Kaufmann, 3053 Fillmore St., harvardmagazine.com/donate child started working with Anne Coyle for Storbeck Apt #342, San Francisco 94123; bkaufmann@gmail.

Harvard Magazine 76G Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 The ClassesSearch the class notes online

[email protected]. Facebook: http:// 1990 hvrd.me/uw6E2. 2001 Secretary: Mark C. Solakian, 56 Peakham Rd., Sudbury, REUNION Mass. 01776; [email protected]. Class web- Secretary: Arthur Karell, 724 N. Edgewood St., Ar- site: harvard90.org. Facebook: http://hvrd.me/uw6Kx. 1995 lington, Va. 22201; [email protected]. Class Secretary: Monica S. Abrams, 3 Bethesda Metro Cen- website: 2001.classes.harvard.edu. Facebook: http:// ter, #1250, Bethesda, Md. 20814; monica@abrams8. hvrd.me/uw4PY. 1991 com. Facebook: http://hvrd.me/uw6Cv. Candi Henry has been named a shareholder at REUNION Robert H. Hughes has joined the Salt Lake City of- Dodson Parker Behm & Capparella P.C. in Nashville. Secretary: CharlesW. Cardillo, 147 Park Ave., Arlington, fice of Parsons Behle & Latimer as of counsel, advis- Paula Levy has been elected partner in the tax Mass. 02476; [email protected]. Class website: 1991. ing public and private clients on land use and zon- practice of Baker & McKenzie, based in Palo Alto. classes.harvard.edu. Facebook: http://hvrd.me/uw6lr. ing issues, eminent domain, and natural-resources She advises US- and foreign-based multinationals matters. He previously served as in-house counsel and other companies on U.S. federal income tax is- at Utah Transit Authority. sues, with a focus on international tax planning and 1992 cross-border transactions. Secretary: Lawrence M. Rhein, P.O. Box 1965, Brook Sam Neswick, M.B.A. ’07, has been promoted to line, Mass. 02446; [email protected]. Face- 1996 chief operating officer at Participant Media. The book: http://hvrd.me/uw6H0. REUNION company, dedicated to entertainment Ross Gresham has published his first novel, White Secretary: Alexandra Molnar, 1034 NE that inspires social change, has co- Shark, a thriller, set on a fictionalized Martha’s Vine- 92nd St., Seattle 98115; amolnar@post. produced award-winning narrative yard. It introduces “parking warden” Jim Hawkins, harvard.edu. Class website: 1996.class- “Do Well. and documentary films that include who “may be the worst cop ever to put on a uni- es.harvard.edu. Facebook: http://hvrd. Do Good.” Spotlight and Bridge of Spies. form,…but after his tour in the Army, …is done letting me/uw6Bm. Joseph Sanberg leads California’s people be hurt.” Gresham is an English professor at The class secretary writes: “Our Joseph Sanberg ’01 statewide publicity campaign, Cal the U.S. Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs. new class website (above) is full of EITC4Me, designed to make sure the David Andrew Nichols is the author of Engines of Di- reunion news. You can visit there to state’s poorest workers file income- plomacy: Indian Trading Factories and the Negotiation of Ameri- check out the reunion calendar and sign up. Remem- tax returns in order to receive their earned income can Empire (UNC Press). As a fledgling republic, the ber to ask around to see if the blockmates are com- tax credit. Depending on income level and number United States implemented a series of trading posts to ing, too—never too late! You can also find informa- of children, the state tax credit can put anywhere engage indigenous peoples and expand U.S. interests tion on housing and childcare options.” from $214 to $2,653 in an eligible recipient’s pocket. west of the Appalachians. Under executive-branch Sanberg is co-founder of Aspiration, a Los Ange- authority, this Indian factory system was designed to les-based digital financial-services company that strengthen economic ties with Indian nations while 1997 provides savings and investment options to middle- eliminating competition from unscrupulous fur trad- Secretary: Matthew Bakal, 3571 Valley Meadow Rd., class investors. Clients determine a “fair price” fee to ers. Nichols demonstrates in his book how Native Sherman Oaks, Calif. 91403-4840; matthew_bakal@ pay the firm, which donates 10 percent of its revenue Americans and U.S. government authorities sought post.harvard.edu. Facebook: http://hvrd.me/uw6zr. to charity. The company motto: “Do Well. Do Good.” to exert their power in the trading posts by using Married: Russell Schmidt and Janet Kramer, in Los them as sites for commerce, political maneuvering, Angeles on February 13. “Guests included Michael and diplomatic action. Nichols is associate professor 1998 ‘Cal’ Collins, ‘Yosemite’ Sam Edwards, Christopher Tod- of history at Indiana State University. Secretary: Manisha Bharti, 9104 Tetterton Ave., Vien derick Gaspard, Jake and Katie McDonnell, Ed.M. ’07, Elijah Siegler’s Coen: Framing Religion in Amoral Order na, Va. 22182; [email protected]. Facebook: Magic Michael Sobel, and the esteemed Dr. Trygve (Baylor University Press) reveals how films made by http://hvrd.me/uw4TP. Van Regenmorter Throntveit, Ph.D. ’08, RI ’10). Other Joel and Ethan Coen emerge as morality tales, set in Harvard folk in attendance included Piper Kamins, a mythological American landscape, that critique M.P.P. ’12 and Benjamin Fussiner, Ed.M. ’00.” greed and self-interest. Coen heroes often confront 1999 apocalyptic and unredeemable evil, face human limi- Secretary: Peter S. Manasantivongs, Excelsior House, tation and the banality of violence, and force audi- 5.2/17-19 Elizabeth St., Melbourne VIC 3000, Austra- 2002 ences to wrestle with redemption and grace within lia; [email protected]. Facebook: http:// Secretary: Robert Lindsey, c/o 23952 FM 150 Dripping the stark moral worlds portrayed on screen. Siegler hvrd.me/uw4Sz. Springs, Tex. 78620; [email protected]. is associate professor and chair in the department of Rachel (Perez) Ryan has been named a member Facebook: http://hvrd.me/uw4OG. religious studies at the College of Charleston. of the health care practice group and is based in the Benjamin A. Cowan’s Securing Sex: Morality and Repres- Alison Umminger shares “news of the U.S. and U.K. Albany office of Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP. She sion in the Making of Cold War Brazil (UNC Press) is a publication of my first young-adult novel. American counsels health care systems, hospitals, physicians, history of right-wing politics in Brazil that puts the Girls (U.S.)/My Favorite Manson Girl (U.K.) releases and physician practices on regulatory, compliance, spotlight on the Cold Warriors themselves. Drawing this summer from Flatiron/Atom Books and follows and transactional matters, including the develop- on little-tapped archival records, he shows that by Anna, a 15-year-old, as she negotiates and makes ment and implementation of hospital-physician midcentury, conservatives—individuals and orga- connections between her own dysfunctional family alignment strategies. nizations, civilian as well as military—were firmly and the Manson family. The novel is darkly comic, situated in a transnational network of right-wing and ideally has a crossover adult appeal.” cultural activists. The confluence of an empowered 2000 right and a security establishment suffused with Secretary: Dara Silverstein, 135 Manor Dr., San Carlos, rightist moralism created strongholds of anticom- 1993 Calif. 94070; [email protected]. Facebook: munism that spanned government agencies, spurred Secretary: Timothy P. McCarthy, Harvard Kennedy http://hvrd.me/uw4Rq. repression, and generated attempts to control and School, 79 JFK St., Box 40, Cambridge 02138; timo- Mia Alvar has been named to the shortlist for the even change quotidian behavior. Cowan concludes [email protected]. Facebook: http:// PEN/Robert W. Bingham Prize for Debut Fiction for that the record of autocracy and repression in Brazil hvrd.me/uw6FA. In the Country: Stories (Knopf). “A Conversation with is part of a larger story of reaction against perceived Mia Alvar” on this magazine’s website offers more threats to traditional views of family, gender, moral information about Alvar and her work. standards, and sexuality—a story that continues in 1994 Daniel P. Chung, J.D. ’03, has been elected partner today’s culture wars. Cowan is assistant professor of Secretary: Michael Rosenbaum, Catalyst IT Services, at Gibson Dunn & Crutcher. He is a litigator based history at George Mason University. 502 S. Sharp Street, Baltimore, MD 21201; mike_ in the firm’s Washington, D.C., office. Ben Galper is a father. See the class of 2006.

76H May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Search the class notes online 2003 2009 2014 Secretary: Lauren Jiggetts-Donovan, jiggetts@post. Secretary: Madeline Lissner, 135 Charles St, 3B, New Secretary: Michelle N. Dimino, 1320 N. Veitch St., Apt. harvard.edu. Class website: harvard03.com. Face- York City 10014-6500; [email protected]. 527, Arlington, Va. 22201; [email protected] book: http://hvrd.me/uw4MY. Class website: harvard09.com. Facebook: http:// vard.edu. Class website: harvard14.org. Facebook: Amara (Murray) Mulder and Matt Mulder ’05 hvrd.me/uvH7U. http://hvrd.me/uvGU3. “welcomed our fourth child, Naomi, on Christmas Married: Lydia “Caroleene” Hardee and Robert Married: Katherine Mallett and Carl Zimmerman on day, joining big brother Micah (6), sister Eliza (4), Dobson on October 17, 2015, in Point Clear, Ala. The October 10, 2015, at Memorial Church, followed by and brother Clayton (2). Matt has finished his teach- wedding party included Roberta Steele Osborne, Lau- a celebration at the Wellesley Country Club. “We ing degree but will be quite busy staying home with ren Brants, Rebecca Zofnass, Paola Duguet, and Giuli- were blessed with a stunning fall day, surrounded the children for another year; I’m enjoying work as a ana Vetrano. Wedding guests included Alice Bowie, by incredible friends, family, and Harvard class- primary-care doctor south of Boston.” Julia Heath, Katherine Waldock, Neal Stephens, and mates, including bridesmaids Georgina Winthrop, Born: to Katherine Wiltenburg Todrys and Eric Emily Battista ’11. The couple live in San Antonio, Edith Jordan Taylor ’12, Nicole Delany, Sarah Pierson, Todrys, a daughter, Elizabeth Sayre Todrys, on Au- Texas, where she practices commercial real estate groomsman Garrett Campbell, and too many other gust 20, 2015. She joins proud big brother Alexander law and he sells ranch real estate. dear Harvard friends to list.” She Welch Todrys (3). is pursuing her M.D. at UMass “It has certainly Medical School, and he is serving 2010 as an infantry officer in the U.S. 2004 Secretary: Michelle Parilo, 4 Uni- been a busy and Marine Corps. “It has certainly Secretary: Katherine Richard, 5651 N. Classen Blvd., versity Rd., Apt. 405, Cambridge been a busy and exciting year!” Oklahoma City, Okla. 73118; katherine.richard@post. 02138; [email protected]. exciting year.” harvard.edu. Facebook: http://hvrd.me/uw4Lw. Class website: harvard2010.com. Born: to Ashleigh Williams Corker and Zachary Facebook: http://hvrd.me/uvH5m. Katherine Mallett ’14 2015 A. Corker, a son, William Takhoma Corker, on Feb- María Carla Chicuén writes that Carl Zimmerman ’14 Secretary: Mandi Nyambi, 305 ruary 1. They live in Seattle; Ashleigh is on parental her first book, Achieve the College Chatterton Pkwy., Hartsdale, N.Y. leave from Boston-based Wayfair and Zac from the Dream: You Don’t Need to Be Rich to 10530; [email protected]. Boston Consulting Group. Attend a Top School (Rowman & Littlefield) focuses Class website: harvard2015.com. Facebook: http:// Caroline Simons is now a principal in the intellec- largely on her Harvard experience, and has been en- hrva.me/Nr43b. tual-property litigation group of Fish & Richardson. dorsed by Dean Fitzsimmons. It will be published in August. The publisher calls it “the definitive resource to help high-achieving, low-income students Arts & Sciences 2005 access the best possible college.” Ph.D. ’62—Barbara Lane has “just published a Secretary: Erica Doran, 44 Leith Mansions, Grantully book on the design of American suburban houses Rd., London W9 1LH, U.K.; [email protected]. in the two decades after World War II: Houses for a Facebook: http://hvrd.me/uw4K2. 2011 New World: Builders and Buyers in American Suburbs 1945- Matt Mulder is a father. See the class of 2003. REUNION 1965 (Princeton). It is attracting a good deal of media Secretary: Alix Olian, 6 Soldiers Field Park #612, attention.” For a full description, go to http://press. Boston 02163; [email protected]. Class princeton.edu/titles/10547.html. 2006 website: harvard11.com. Facebook: http://hvrd.me/ A.M. ’66—Renata Adler has been named to the REUNION uvH3d. shortlist for the PEN/Diamonstein-Spielvogel Award Secretary: Stacey Borden, 555 San Antonio Rd., Apt. for the Art of the Essay for After the Tall Timber: Collected 335, Mountain View, Calif. 94040; stacey.borden@ Non-Fiction (New York Review Books). post.harvard.edu. Class website: 2006.classes.har- 2012 Ph.D. ’74—The Economist chose the greatly expand- vard.edu. Secretary: Teddy Tiab, 2507 W. Clearbrook Ln., Ana- ed paperback edition of Circus Maximus: The Economic Born: to Merav Weill Galper and Ben Galper ’02, a heim, Calif. 92804-3310; [email protected]. Gamble Behind Hosting the Olympics and the World Cup, by daughter, Ella, on October 13, 2015. “It is a blessing to edu. Class website: harvard12.org. Facebook: http:// Andrew Zimbalist, as one of the best books of 2015. watch our family grow. Ella’s smile is already bright- hvrd.me/uvH1o. (See “A Fiscal Faustian Bargain,” July-August 2015, ening our world regardless of the hour, and her big page 39, for a sampling from Zimbalist’s work.) brother Jonathan (4) is such an amazing help.” Ben Ph.D. ’08—Scott M. Gelber’s second book, Court- is completing a subspecialty cardiology fellowship 2013 rooms and Classrooms: A Legal History of College Access, in structural and peripheral vascular intervention at Secretary: Francis Thumpasery, 7001 Hopewood St., 1860-1960 (Johns Hopkins), “upends” the conven- Brigham and Women’s, and recently accepted a posi- Bethesda, Md. 20817; [email protected]. tional wisdom that “American courts historically tion as director of the advanced valvular and struc- edu. Class website: harvard13.org. Facebook: http:// deferred to institutions of higher learning in most tural heart interventional program for the Kaiser hvrd.me/uvGXq. matters involving student conduct and access.” In- mid-Atlantic region. Merav, completing residency in Jesse Downing is coauthor, with Norton Reamer, stead, he argues that “colleges and universities never diagnostic radiology at the Lahey Clinic, will begin a M.B.A. ’60, of Investment: A History (Columbia), which really enjoyed an overriding judicial privilege.” Gel- fellowship in musculoskeletal imaging and interven- not only looks back at the history of investing, and ber is an associate professor of education and (by tion at Mass. General. They live in Brookline, and look its legacy of risk, but also provides an account of courtesy) history at Wheaton College. His first book forward to seeing everyone at Merav’s tenth reunion. the opportunities and challenges facing the modern was The University and the People: Envisioning American investor. The authors thus hope to better educate Higher Education in an Era of Populist Protest. readers about the individual and societal impact A.M. ’11—Matthew Kustenbauder, a Ph.D. candi- 2007 of investing and ultimately level the playing field. date in history, last year received a Dan David Prize Secretary: May Habib, 45 Wall St. Apt. 406, New York Downing currently works at an investment-man- scholarship from the Dan David Foundation and Tel City 10005; [email protected]. Class web- agement firm in Boston. Aviv University for outstanding achievement and site: crimson07.com. Facebook: http://hvrd.me/uvHe1. Phil Gillen will star in the world premiere of a future promise in the field, and in recognition of his- play about another Harvard alum: the celebrated torical work using unique, rare, unusual, or hitherto and enigmatic twentieth-century artist and author unknown sources in the pursuit of teaching us new 2008 Edward Gorey ’50. Performances run from April pasts. He also received a Schmitt Research Grant from Secretary: Frankie S. Assaf, 62 Maple St., West Rox- 30 to May 22. For more information on Gorey: The the American Historical Association, and published bury, Mass. 02132; [email protected]. Face- Secret Lives of Edward Gorey, visit www.LifeJacket- “South African Elections 2014: After the Party, the book: http://hvrd.me/uvHar. Theatre.org. Long View,” in Democracy in Africa (21 & 23 July 2014). Visit harvardmagazine.com/classnotes

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 San Antonio, he studied art and continued his life- folk dance, which he discovered in the late 1940s; Obituaries long love of choral singing, lending his bass voice for years he danced at least five nights a week, be- to the San Antonio Chordsmen and, for 30 years, longing to all the folk dance clubs on Santa Moni- Edited by the choir of Christ Episcopal Church. He leaves his ca’s west side, and he taught folk dancing as well. wife, Patricia (Sholders), two daughters, Margaret He leaves a daughter, Martha, and his former wife, Deborah Smullyan ’72 Schultz and Elizabeth Bruinsma, and two sons, Da- Jewel (Rollins); a daughter, Margaret, and a son, vid and Robert. Robert, predeceased him.

Clarence Mendel Agress ’33 died Febru- William Gresham Manson ’41cl, M.D. ’51, Thomas Rodman Goethals Jr. ’43 died ary 24 in Santa Barbara, Calif. A charter member of died January 20 in Palm Springs, Calif. Drafted into January 31 in Oak Bluffs, Mass. After graduation the American College of Cardiology, he founded the the army in 1943, he was awarded the Bronze Star he served as an intelligence officer in Gen. Omar department of cardiology at Cedars-Sinai Hospital for valor for his service in World War II. He moved Bradley’s tactical headquarters during the northern in Los Angeles and established the first coronary- to the San Francisco Bay area to start his pediatric European campaigns of World War II, earning five care unit on the West Coast. He developed the first practice, joining Ross Valley Medical Group. He was battle stars, the European African Middle Eastern chemical test for a heart attack, the transaminase a beloved pediatrician in Marin County for three de- Service Medal, the World War II Victory Medal, test, and pioneered thrombolysis as a technique for cades, and continued making house calls until his re- and the Bronze Star. Later he was a professor of dissolving clots in obstructed heart arteries. He in- tirement in 1983. He was a gracious host and a grace- literature at Sarah Lawrence and the City College vented the heart monitor worn by Neil Armstrong ful ballroom dancer. He leaves his partner, Peter, two of New York. He also worked as an editor for The during his 1969 moon walk. He wrote Energetics, daughters, Carolyn and Elizabeth, and a son, Jeffrey. Grolier Society, Frederick A. Praeger, and other one of the first books to demonstrate the health publishers, and he wrote books, including a novel, benefits of exercise for heart patients, promoting Andrew Louis Glaze II ’42cl died February 7 Chains of Command, and Africa Unbound: Reflections of the regimen known today as interval training. As in Birmingham, Ala. He was a poet and playwright an African Statesman, which he ghost-wrote for Alex a prominent cardiologist in Los Angeles for many who first attracted attention in the 1960s with his Quaison-Sackey, of Ghana, the first black African decades, he counted many celebrities among his book Damned Ugly Children, selected by the American to serve as president of the U.N. General Assembly. patients, including Lana Turner, Peter Sellers, Steve Library Association as one of its most notable books After returning to his boyhood home on Martha’s McQueen, Judy Garland, and Elizabeth Taylor. He of 1966. He went on to publish eight more books of Vineyard, he founded and served as longtime exec- was an accomplished painter and writer; enjoyed poetry, and his poems appeared regularly in The New utive director of the Nathan Mayhew Seminars. He singing, carving, and cooking; and was an excellent Yorker, Atlantic Monthly, Poetry Magazine, the New York retired in 1991. He was a participant in the famed golfer with a perfect swing. During World War II he Quarterly, and the Saturday Review. After 30 years in Harvard Study of Adult Development, popularly volunteered with the army’s 38th Evacuation Hospi- Manhattan he retired to Miami, and still later to his known as the Grant Study. He leaves a daughter, tal in the China-Burma India theater, attaining the hometown of Birmingham. In 2013 he was named Rosalind, a son, Robert, and a brother, Henry ’44. rank of major. He leaves his wife, Joan Berliner, and poet laureate of the State of Alabama, and in 2015 he two daughters, Carol and Edith. was elected into the inaugural class of the Alabama Sumner Roy Kates ’43cl died February 1 in Writers Hall of Fame. His last collection of poems, Boca Raton, Fla. He and his brother, Marshall ’43, Charles Lee Burwell ’39 died February 26 Overheard in a Drugstore, was published in August joined their father’s business, a newspaper, maga- in Winchester, Va. He was studying at the Sor- 2015. He leaves his wife, Adriana Keathley, a daugh- zine, and paperback-book distribution network; bonne when World War II broke out, and drove ter, Elizabeth Searle, and a son, Peter. they also owned and operated the Book Corner an ambulance for the Comité Américain de Secours retail chain. They ran these businesses for nearly Civil. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, he Martha Thomas Freedman ’43 died Janu- 40 years, selling them to Hudson News in 1982. A was commissioned an ensign in naval intelligence ary 4 in Bedford, Mass. While raising her family in Harvard man through and through, he never missed and assigned to the 8th Amphibious Force in Plym- Dayton, Ohio, she was an active volunteer, holding a college reunion and many times boarded the bus outh, England. There, as a 26-year-old member of leadership positions on the local school board, in from the Harvard Club of Boston to New Haven General Eisenhower’s staff, he helped plan the as- the Girl Scouts, the League of Women Voters, the for The Game. He was an avid golfer and longtime sault on Utah Beach in Normandy; subsequently United Way, and a number of mental-health and member of the Newton Squash and Tennis Club. he helped plan the beach landings at St. Raphael in social-service agencies. In 1978, at age 55, she en- He traveled extensively and followed politics southern France, the Lingayen Gulf in the Philip- rolled in graduate school in psychology, earning a with great enthusiasm. A generous benefactor of pines, and on Okinawa. He retired from the naval master’s degree in mental-health counseling and a his alma maters, Andover and Harvard, he and his reserve in 1946 as a lieutenant commander. That Psy.D., then worked as a clinical psychologist until adopted son, James Tobin, A.L.B. ’05, donated the same year he co-founded an import-export firm in her retirement in 2002. She was a devoted alumna Kates/Tobin community room at Quincy House. Shanghai; when the communists came to power, he and, with her late husband, a benefactor of Harvard. His son survives him; his brother died in 2004. moved his offices to Hong Kong. Later he formed She leaves three daughters, Ann ’68, Lucy ’70, M.A.T. a new company, Thaibok Fabrics Ltd., to import ’71, and Edith ’77, and a son, David ’74; her husband, Hugo Monnig ’44 died December 25 in Palm Thai silks to the United States; the company gar- Stanley ’43, J.D. ’49, died in 1997. Springs, Calif. He served in the army during World nered fame when Thaibok silks were used to make War II. Later he practiced law in New York City, the costumes for the 1956 filmThe King and I, which Forrest Richard Gilmore ’43 died March first in the firm of Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & Mc- won the Academy Award for best costume design. 21, 2015, in Carmichael, Calif. He was a senior physi- Cloy LLP, then with Shearman & Sterling LLP, and He was a board member of the American Craft cist at The Rand Corp. from 1953 to 1971. Later he finally as general counsel at Kennecott Corp. He Council. After settling in Connecticut in the 1950s was a founding member of R&D Associates and was a member of the board of directors of Empire he served as a selectman of Darien and police com- also worked for Logicon and Northrop Grumman. Blue Cross and Blue Shield. He leaves three daugh- missioner of New Canaan. After selling his compa- A theoretical physicist, he devoted his 55-year caters, Lore, Lindsay Holbrook, and Lisa Miller, and ny in 1972, he taught American history, government, reer to analyzing the effects of nuclear explosions, a brother, George; three wives Lulie (Engelsmann), and Asian studies at Darien High School. He leaves including blast waves, thermal, nuclear, and elec- Jacqueline (Forsythe), and Lisa (Powers), prede- a daughter, Belinda, and a son, Carter ’77; his wife, tromagnetic radiation, radioactive interference, ceased him. Natalie (Benedict), predeceased him. infrared backgrounds, and radioactive fallout. He was a fellow of the American Physical Society. He Lee Ripley Lyon ’45 died February 25 in Aspen, Gordon Abbott Spencer ’40 died January 1 was keenly interested in current events, particu- Colo. He took a leave from Harvard after the attack in San Antonio, Tex. An Army Air Corps veteran of larly issues of economic, environmental, and social on Pearl Harbor to enlist in the U.S. Army Air Corps World War II, he flew 28 missions over Germany in justice. His other great passion was international and served a year flying transports in the China- B-17s, earning the Distinguished Flying Cross. He Burma-India theater. After graduation he entered went on to a long military career, including service his family’s cattle ranching business, M. Lyon & Co., as a navigator in a rescue squadron based in Thule, Editor’s note: The letters cl, mcl, and scl af- in Kansas City, Mo. He developed modern handling Greenland, during the Korean War, and retired ter a degree indicate honors (cum laude, methods, held several patents in the area of process- from the army with the rank of commander. Later magna cum laude, or summa cum laude). ing by-products, and built one of the world’s largest he taught mathematics in Oregon. After moving to tanneries. In 1978 he sold the business and moved to

76J May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Aspen to ski, ride his road bike, and pursue a pro- and board of selectmen. He and his wife split their (Hoeber), Ph.D. ’55, he studied sociopolitical and fessional career as a studio potter under the “nom time between Sanibel Island, Fla., and Southport Is- economic issues such as the effects of the caste sys- de pot” M.C. Fire. He maintained a winter studio at land, Me., where they could often be found in boats. tem on the rapidly modernizing country, capitalism the Anderson Ranch Arts Center, eventually join- In retirement he served for 15 summers in the Coast against the backdrop of traditional Indian values, ing the ranch board and serving as president. Later Guard Auxiliary in Boothbay Harbor, Me., and dur- and the legacy of Gandhi in the contemporary era. he became interested in the nascent studio-glass ing the winters completed more than 2,000 volun- He and his wife lived in India every fourth year for movement and installed a studio for the production teer hours as a maintenance worker at the Ding nearly half a century. The couple coauthored The of hot-cast glass, producing one-of-a-kind doors, Darling National Wildlife Refuge, on Sanibel Island. Modernity of Tradition, first published in 1967 and walls, windows, furniture, and sculpture. He leaves He leaves his wife, Deborah (Knights), a daughter, still in print, and in 2008 Oxford University Press a daughter, Pat Brown, and a son, Mike; his wife, Liana Kingsbury, and a son, Lyman. published a three-volume collection of their writ- Joanne (Redak), predeceased him. ings, Explaining Indian Democracy: A Fifty-Year Perspec- Eason Cross Jr. ’47, M.Arch. ’51, died January tive. They received the Padma Bhushan Award from Robert Murray Drennan ’46, S.M. ’49, of 28 in Springfield, Va. He was a prominent architect the Indian government in 2014, in recognition of Medford, Mass., died January 31. A former lineman in the Washington, D.C., area for more than a half- their distinguished service to India. He leaves two on the Crimson football team, during the 1950s he century. In the early 1950s, under architect Charles daughters, Jenny ’84 and Amelia; a son, Matthew, served on the Medford City Council and also as the Goodman, he was a lead designer of the noted mod- and a brother, Wallace; his wife died in December. city’s deputy mayor. Later, with his brother Peter, ernist community of Hollin Hills, in Fairfax, Coun- he co-founded Industrial and Commercial Apprais- ty, Va.; he and his wife raised their family in Hollin Timothy Gilson Foote ’49mcl, A.M. ’52, died al Co., specializing in industrial and commercial Hills, which is now on the National Register of His- December 21 in Beaverkill, N.Y. He joined the staff real estate, valuation of machinery and equipment, toric Places. In the 1980s he founded a collaborative of Life magazine as a reporter in 1949 and five years and business valuations. A decorated army veteran practice, Virginia Architects Accord. He won many later became a foreign correspondent for Time-Life of World War II, he received two battle stars for his national and regional awards for his designs, which in Paris, sparking a lifelong love affair with all things combat service in Europe; fluent in German, he was included the gymnasium of Washington-Lee High French. He covered the Hungarian uprising against among the American troops who liberated and de- School, in Arlington, Va.; the Wynkoop housing the Soviet Union in 1956, the French war in Alge- briefed the prisoners of the Buchenwald concentra- development in Bethesda, Md.; a circular nursing ria, and Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser’s tion camp. In 2000 he was honored by the French home (Oak Meadow, in Alexandria, Va.); and Po- 1956 takeover of the Suez Canal. On his return to consul general with a certificate of appreciation for hick Regional Library, in Burke, Va., known for its the United States he became an editor at Life, then his service during the war. He was a loyal member soaring bell tower. He was a passionate advocate for the book reviewer at Time magazine; he retired from of the 10th Mountain Division Veterans Associa- professional licensing of architects, working with Time as a senior editor in 1982. An active member of tion and a benefactor of Harvard College. He leaves legislators against opening licensing to contractors. the literary community, he served as European edi- a sister, Ann Forsyth. He was a recipient of the Noland Award, the high- tor of the International Book Society in Paris; fiction est honor of the Virginia Society of Architects, and judge for the National Book Awards; an executive Gloria Lawrenson Cox Mackey ’46, of a fellow of the American Institute of Architects. He board member of the National Book Critics Circle; Glenburn, Me., died December 30. During World served in the navy at the helm of a destroyer escort and a member of the selection committee for the War II she worked for the Army Office of Strategic in the North Atlantic during World War II. Active National Medal for Literature. He judged the happi- Services in Washington, D.C., providing research in local Democratic politics, he was a voter signup est times of his life to be the summers he had spent and clerical support on Chinese issues. Later she and polls volunteer until his eighty-eighth year. He on Martha’s Vineyard, where he was a redoubtable was a homemaker and a devotee of the arts. She leaves three daughters, Rebecca, Amy-Willard, and racer of Sailfish. He leaves two daughters, Victoria enjoyed folk dancing, bridge, and tennis. She was Susan, and a son, Ben; his wife, Diana (Johnson), Blackman and Valerie, and two sons, Colin Foote ’72 a member of the Church of Christ, Scientist. She predeceased him. and Andrew Todhunter; his wife, Audrey (Cham- leaves a daughter, Alison Cox, and a son, Douglas berlain), A.M. ’49, died in 2012. Cox; two husbands, Jay Cox and Stuart Mackey, Joseph Howard Casey ’48 died April 3, 2015, predeceased her. in Huntington, W.Va. He retired in 1989 from a Anne Moser Hopkins ’49 died February 25 in long career as a United Methodist minister, hav- Kent, Ohio. She leaves two daughters, Mary ’79 and Burns Quarton Nugent ’46 died January ing found satisfaction in leading public worship, Elizabeth, and a son, Samuel. 13 in Lake Forest, Calif. A retired broadcasting ex- supporting people in their times of crisis, and ecutive, he was sole owner of Nugent Broadcasting participating in community affairs. He left behind Peter Mazur ’49mcl, Ph.D. ’53, died December Corp., which operated television and radio stations many years’ worth of journals chronicling his life 30 in Oak Ridge, Tenn. After graduate school he in the Mid-Columbia region of Oregon. He was and work. He leaves his wife, Martha (Hoffner), a served for four years in the U.S. Air Force Research past president of the Oregon Broadcasters Associa- daughter, Margaret, and a son, Thomas. and Development Command, reaching the rank of tion. From 1972 to 1977 he was executive vice presi- captain. In 1959 he joined the staff of Oak Ridge dent for station relations at the National Associa- Edward Barton Hamlin ’48cl, J.D. ’51, died National Laboratories (ORNL), where he enjoyed tion of Broadcasters, in Washington, D.C. He loved February 6 in Lexington, Mass. He was a longtime a career of nearly 60 years. A pioneer in the field golf, music, social clubs, and travel. During his Or- attorney in the actuarial services firm of Kenneth D. of cryobiology, he was coauthor of a seminal 1972 egon years, he also enjoyed performing onstage as a Anderson Co., in Concord, Mass., where he special- study of technologies and procedures that led to supernumerary in productions of the Portland Op- ized in employee benefits and pensions. For a time the successful freezing and thawing of mouse em- era. After retiring with his wife to Laguna Woods he also practiced in the Concord, N.H., law firm of bryos without cell damage. This discovery opened Village, in California, in 1992, he served for 16 years Sulloway, Hollis & Soden. His wife, R. Elaine (Gus- the door to numerous others, such as techniques for on the governing board. He served in the navy as an tin), died in 2006. He leaves a daughter, Diana, and preserving the genetic lines of endangered species. ensign aboard the attack transport USS Charles Car- two sons, Chris and Seth. He also devoted much time to the study of Drosoph- roll (APA-28) in World War II and returned to ac- ila, exploring methods of freezing and maintaining tive duty during the Korean War, attaining the rank Barbara Suttell Reighard ’48 died Janu- thousands of mutant lines for valuable genetic re- of lieutenant commander. He leaves his wife, Joan ary 14 in Bethesda, Md. She was a psychologist. search. He received numerous honors from ORNL, (Foster), a daughter, Lelia Hall, and a son, Peter. She leaves two daughters, Marthe Reighard and including its R&D Award and its Distinguished Janet O’Brien, and a son, Paul; her husband, Homer Service Award. He leaves a son, Timothy, and a Lyman Whitman Smith ’46, M.B.A. ’51, died “Rick,” M.P.A. ’61, died in 2000. stepdaughter, Jennifer Dawson; two wives, Drusilla February 2 in Newagen, Me. His College years were and Sara Jo, predeceased him. interrupted by army service during World War II Lloyd Irving Rudolph ’48mcl, M.P.A. ’50, and he served again for two years in the Korean Ph.D. ’56, died January 16 in Oakland, Calif. He was Emanuel Parzen ’49mcl died February 6 in War. He worked as a contract manager for several a professor emeritus of political science at the Uni- Boca Raton, Fla. He was a distinguished professor electronics firms in the Boston area before becoming versity of Chicago, where he taught for 35 years be- emeritus of statistics at Texas A&M University, a CPA and forming his own public-accounting firm. fore retiring in 2002. A specialist on India and South where he taught for three decades. He pioneered A longtime resident of Weston, Mass., he served on Asia who did much of his work in collaboration the use of kernel density estimation, which is the town planning board, zoning board of appeals, with his wife and fellow faculty member, Susanne named the Parzen window in his honor, and wrote

Harvard Magazine 76K Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 obituaries

one of the classic defining texts in probability theo- the Boston Cecilia and the Back Bay Chorale, and a career in real-estate sales, management, and in- ry, Modern Probability Theory and Its Applications (1960). in recent years sang madrigals with friends. She vestment. He leaves three daughters, Mary, Sharon, He played a central role in the development of the also played the viola in string quartets. She leaves a and Barbara, three sons, Christopher, Anthony, and theory of stochastic processes and made ground- daughter, Numi Mitchell, a brother, William Spen- John, and a sister, Barbara Stanton; his wife, Marga- breaking contributions to the fields of time series cer, and her partner, William Atkinson. ret (Joyce), died in 1995. and spectral analyses and nonparametric statistics. Before going to Texas A&M in 1978, he held faculty Marvin Lee Minsky ’50cl died January 24 in Susanne Malloy Kimball ’51 died Febru- appointments at Stanford and the State University Boston. He was Toshiba professor of media arts ary 26 in San Francisco. She was formerly a 58-year of New York, Buffalo. He was an elected fellow of and sciences and professor of electrical engineer- resident of Topsfield, Mass., where she was active the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, the Ameri- ing and computer science at MIT, where he taught in the community, volunteering with the League can Association for the Advancement of Science, for many years. He was a founding father of the of Women Voters and serving as the first female and the American Statistical Association, which field of artificial intelligence. In 1959, with his col- chairman of the Masconomet school board. She honored him with its Wilks Memorial Medal in league John McCarthy, he established what is now also volunteered as a docent at the Museum of Fine 1994. He leaves his wife, Carol (Tenowitz), a daugh- MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Arts in Boston. From 1981 to 1991 she was president ter, Sarah Schandelson, and a son, Michael, S.D. ’93. Laboratory. His 1960 paper “Steps Toward Artifi- of Malloy Construction Co., of Rumford, Me. She cial Intelligence” is considered a seminal work in enjoyed art, history, and world travel. She leaves Robert Edward Coughlin ’50 died Janu- the field. While a junior fellow at Harvard he in- two daughters, Sara ’76 and Margo, and a son, Rick; ary 7 in Philadelphia. He served in the navy before vented the confocal scanning microscope, which her husband, John, LL.B. ’48, died in 2002. and after college, attaining the rank of lieutenant became a standard tool in the biological sciences, junior grade, and later pursued a career as a city and and at MIT he invented mechanical hands with an Robert Laszlo Berger ’52 died January 1 in regional planner. He first worked for the Philadel- arm that were precursors to modern robotics. He Boston. A pioneering cardiothoracic surgeon, he phia City Planning Commission, helping prepare was the author of two books, The Society of the Mind helped lay the groundwork for today’s transcath- the city’s comprehensive plan. From 1962 to 1980 he and The Emotion Machine. His many honors include eter aortic-valve replacement surgery, considered was vice president of the Philadelphia office of the the prestigious Turing Award, in 1969, for contribu- transformational in the field. He was the longtime Regional Science Research Institute, where he di- tions to computer science, and a BBVA Foundation director of clinical research in the division of thorac- rected research relating to regional and urban eco- Frontiers of Knowledge Award, in 2014. A music ic surgery and interventional pulmonology at Beth nomic issues and the effects of urbanization on the lover, he enjoyed improvising classical fugues on Israel Hospital. He was also known for promoting environment, open-space preservation, and farm- the piano. He leaves his wife, Gloria Rudisch, two diversity among the cardiac surgeons he trained, land protection. In 1981 he co-founded Coughlin, daughters, Margaret and Juliana, a son, Henry, and welcoming more women and minorities into the Keene & Associates, a consulting firm specializing a sister, Ruth Amster. specialty than any other program in the country. A in policy planning and analysis; he and his partner, native of Hungary who fought with the resistance John C. Keene, produced a seminal 1981 study, The Harry Louis Schultz ’50cl died November 9 as a teenager during World War II and spent time in Protection of Farmland: A Reference Guidebook for State and in Lee’s Summit, Mo. He retired in 1992 as president a displaced-persons camp, he arrived in New York Local Governments. He also taught at the University of U.S. Life of California after a career of more than City in 1947, speaking no English. An article of his in of Pennsylvania as a senior fellow in the depart- four decades in the insurance business. After retiring the May 1990 New England Journal of Medicine analyzed ment of city and rregional planning. He was a de- to Scottsdale, Ariz., he and his wife were founding the bad science underlying the brutal hypothermia voted member of the Episcopal Church of St. Mar- members of Desert Foothills Lutheran Church. He experiments the Nazis conducted on hundreds of tin-in-the-Fields, in Chestnut Hill, where he was a leaves his wife, Marjorie (Marcum), three daughters, prisoners in the Dachau concentration camp during vestryman, diocesan canon, and dedicated change Susan Wolfram, Mary Meade, and Melanie Clark, the Holocaust. He leaves his wife, Patricia Downs, ringer. He leaves his wife, Louisa Spottswood, two two sons, Richard and Roger, and a sister, Jean two daughters, Ilana and Shana, a brother, Thomas, daughters, Nina Cook and Bess, a son, Ely, a sister, Schell; another daughter, Sandra, predeceased him. and a sister, Gabriela Gordon. Patricia Gurevitch, and a brother, William ’55; his first wife, Jane (Keagy), died in 1996. James Jared Tracy III ’50, M.B.A. ’53, died Feb- John Bertrand Hook ’52cl, J.D. ’55, died Feb- ruary 1 in Newport Beach, Calif. His varied business ruary 16 in San Francisco. An attorney in San Fran- Roger Parrish English ’50cl died Decem- career included accounting, corporate management, cisco for nearly six decades, he was senior partner ber 10 in St. Louis. Before entering Harvard he was real-estate management and sales, and legal admin- in the firm of Long & Levit LLP, specializing in in- drafted into the army, serving overseas in World istration, and took him from Ohio to Colorado to surance law. He and his wife were regular patrons War II on the headquarters staff of General Douglas Texas to California; at his retirement he was an ad- of the cultural offerings of the Bay Area, including MacArthur and attaining the rank of staff sergeant ministrator in the law firm of Kasdan, Simonds, Mc- the San Francisco Ballet and the Berkeley Reper- in the Signal Corps. He spent his career in the insur- Intyre, Epstein & Martin, in Irvine, Calif. Over the tory Theater, and enjoyed traveling the world to- ance business as a chartered property and casualty years he volunteered actively for the Cleveland Soci- gether. He was fond of tennis and spectator sports underwriter in his family’s firm, E.D. English & Co. ety for the Blind, Rotary International, and the New- and of his succession of beautiful Jaguars. He leaves For 20 years he and his wife lived at English Acres, in port Beach Library Literacy Program. He leaves his his wife, Gina (Daves), a son, Steven, and two half- Pacific, Mo., where they enjoyed raising cattle and wife, Judy (Cooper), three daughters, Jane Ahrens, siblings, Susan Goulian and Ernest. gardening and hosted multiday family get-togethers Lisa Jenkins ’81, and Molly Rosen, a son, James, and that came to be called Camp English; they continued four stepchildren, Wayne, Laurie, Jamie, and Cathy. William Prentiss Howe III ’52 died Febru- to host Camp English after moving to The Gates- ary 11 in Chatham, Mass. He enlisted in the navy worth, a St. Louis retirement community, in 2002. George Lawson Wrenn ’50cl, J.D. ’54, after graduation and served as an officer during the He was past president of the Harvard Club of St. M.Arch. ’60, died January 28 in Concord, Mass. He Korean War. After his service he settled in Wayne, Louis. He was predeceased by his first wife, Kathryn devoted his career to historic preservation, working Pa., to begin a long career at SmithKline Pharma- (Crockett), who died in 1968, and a son, David; his first for the National Park Service in Philadelphia ceuticals, retiring in 1985 as executive vice presi- second wife, Alice (Methudy), died December 23. and the Boston area, where one of his projects was dent. An avid golfer, he split his time in retirement He leaves two daughters, Rebecca D’Alleinne and the restoration of the Adams mansion in Quincy. between Scottsdale, Ariz., and Cape Cod. He leaves Sara Crook, and a stepson, John Koch. Later he was an associate director of the Society his wife, Christine Hardy, and three sons, William, for the Preservation of New England Antiquities. Warner, and Andrew. Elizabeth Spencer Harris ’50cl died After retiring, he lived in Costa Rica for a decade, September 6, 2015, in Weston, Mass. She taught then resettled in Freedom, N.H., where he opened a Edwin Kronfeld ’52, LL.B. ’58, died February secondary-school English, first at Shipley School, bookstore, Freedom Bookshop, in 1988. An enthusi- 13 in Tulsa. He began his career as a Washington in Bryn Mawr, Pa., and then at Beaver Country astic traveler, he visited every continent, including lawyer, first with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Day School, in Chestnut Hill, Mass. After retiring Antarctica. He leaves no immediate survivors; his Commission and later as a partner in the interna- from Beaver in the 1980s she continued teaching partner, William Gordon, predeceased him. tional law firm of Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP. students one-on-one at the MIT Writing Center. He also taught corporate law as an adjunct profes- Music was a lifelong passion. A former member of Edward Anthony Blagdon ’51 died Janu- sor at the Georgetown University Law Center. In the Harvard-Radcliffe Chorus, she later sang with ary 2, 2015, in Bradenton, Fla. He was retired from 1979 he moved with his family to Tulsa to embark

76L May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 on a second career as an oil man and entrepreneur. sor until 2011. His plays include The Flaming Spider: er and Holly, a sister, Barbara Boviard, and his dear He launched Plymouth Resources, a natural gas in- Jonathan Edwards, a three-dimensional portrait of companion, Kathy Noah. vestment firm, and later Plymouth Exploration, an the eighteenth-century New England clergyman, oil and gas exploration and production company. which was performed in a full-cast production at Peter Lawrence Scully ’57, of Cambridge, A passionate music lover and philanthropist in the Yale; later he adapted the play into a one-man show, died January 19. He worked in the family business, arts, he chaired the board of the Tulsa Philharmon- with himself in the role of the misunderstood and Scully Signal Co., before embarking on a long career ic and was a strong supporter of Chamber Music ill-fated minister. He relished time spent with fam- in real-estate management. He was president of Tulsa, the Tulsa Symphony, the Tulsa Ballet, and ily and friends at his summer house in Eastham, on Graystone Management Co., managing numerous the Tulsa Opera. He was also a knowledgeable and Cape Cod. He leaves his wife, Aili (Waris), a daugh- buildings in Boston and Cambridge—including the enthusiastic collector of wines. He leaves his wife, ter, Christina Grossman, and a son, Petri ’82. one he himself had lived in since 1967, 1010 Memo- Lydia (Bebe), a daughter, Alice Fernelius, and two rial Drive. He was an ardent bibliophile, a Boston sons, Nicholas and Alexander. Philip Alden Kuhn ’54cl, Ph.D. ’64, died Feb- Symphony regular, a sailor, and the longtime alum- ruary 11 in Bedford, Mass. He was Higginson pro- nus trustee and secretary of the Spee Club. He rarely George William Miller III ’52, M.B.A. ’54, fessor of history and of East Asian languages and missed his daily circuit around Fresh Pond in the died February 11 in Devon, Pa. After active duty in civilizations emeritus at Harvard and a pioneering company of a succession of beloved Norfolk terriers, the U.S. Air Force from 1954 to 1956, he entered a scholar of Chinese social history. His leading role all but the first named Vicky. He leaves a sister, Abi- career in banking, first with Carl M. Loeb, Rhoades in utilizing the historical archives of China, which gail Norton, and a brother Robert ’51. Co., then with First National City Bank, and finally were not generally available to foreign scholars until for many years with Provident National Bank in the 1970s, and his friendships with Chinese academ- Richard Franklin Stern ’57, M.B.A. ’61, Philadelphia. All the while, he rose through the air ics helped introduce a generation of Western schol- died November 5 in Fort Lauderdale, Fla. He worked force reserve to the rank of major general, and in ars to the Chinese intellectual world and advanced for IBM and Control Data Corp. before launching 1985 he left banking to return to active duty at the Harvard-China relations. He taught at the Universi- his own financial planning and insurance firm, Net Pentagon; after retiring from active duty in 1987 he ty of Chicago for 15 years before coming to Harvard Worth Planning. A snow bird who happily divided remained at the Pentagon for nearly 20 more years in 1978 and served as director of the Fairbank Cen- his year between New Jersey and Florida, he devoted as a civilian financial consultant. He also lectured on ter for Chinese Studies from 1980 to 1986. He also his time in retirement to reading, book discussion finance at West Point and the U.S. Air Force Acad- chaired the department of East Asian languages and groups, travel, theater, and films. He leaves a daugh- emy. He leaves no immediate survivors. civilizations. Among his graduate students he was ter, Laura ’90, and a son, David. appreciated for both his generous mentoring and Charles Lee Austin Jr. ’53 died February 15 his wicked, pun-laced sense of humor. His books in- Joan Dormer Stromswold ’57, A.L.B. ’88cl, in New York City. He tried out a career in finance clude Rebellion and Its Enemies in Late Imperial China: Mili- died February 25 in Nashua, N.H. She left Radcliffe for a decade, in Boston, London, and New York, but tarization and Social Structure, 1796–1864 and Soulstealers: after sophomore year to marry and enrolled in the found a better fit in teaching. He taught Latin, Eng- The Chinese Sorcery Scare of 1768. He leaves a daughter, Extension School after raising her children to com- lish, and history to sixth- and seventh-grade boys Deborah ’09, and a son, Anthony. plete her bachelor’s degree. She enjoyed cooking, at St. Bernard’s School, in Manhattan, for 40 years reading, weaving, and camping. She leaves her hus- and also served for a time as head of the middle John Joseph Desmond III ’55 died January 8 band, Chester ’55, two daughters, Ellen and Karin school. Beloved by students, he was considered in Newton, Mass. He practiced law for many years ’82, M.D. ’91, and a son, Eric. by his colleagues to be a wizard in the classroom, before becoming senior vice president of Boston able, with a light touch and a knack for unpredict- Edison Co. He was a navy veteran of the Korean Steven Robert Rivkin ’58mcl, LL.B. ’62, died ability, to unlock things in his students that they War. He leaves his wife, Elizabeth (Cheney), a sis- February 6 in Bethesda, Md. Early in his legal ca- didn’t even know were there. He leaves his wife, ter, and a brother. reer he worked in the Department of Defense and Dee, three children, William, Peter, and Julie Mc- on the White House staff. Later he practiced law in Gleughlin, and a brother. Robert Peter Bucciarelli ’56mcl, of Chest- Massachusetts, Washington, D.C., and Maryland, nut Hill, Mass., died February 24. A Catholic priest specializing in telecommunications and energy Frank LeVan Field ’54mcl, Ed.D. ’64, died Oc- in the Prelature of Opus Dei, he was ordained in 1960 law. He was the author of several books, including tober 23, 2015, in Titusville, Pa. He interrupted his and went on to serve ministries in Chicago, Wash- Technology Unbound: Transferring Resources from Defense to Harvard years to serve in the army during the Ko- ington, New York, Rome, Milwaukee, Dublin, and Civilian Purposes and A New Guide to Federal Cable Televi- rean War; recalled from the reserve in 1967, he was Boston. He was vicar of Opus Dei for the United sion Regulations. He leaves his wife, Mary (Stimpson), assigned as an adviser to Central American com- States from 1966 to 1976; from 1988 to 1992 he lived a daughter, Sarah, a son, Jesse, and two stepchildren, mands. He was an associate professor, coordinator in Rome and worked in the prelature’s central of- Caroline and Robert Seckinger. of counselor education, and staff psychologist at fices; and from 2003 to 2011 he served as the vicar of the University of California, Santa Barbara, before Opus Dei in Ireland. After returning to the United Frederick Converse Cabot ’59mcl, Ph.D. becoming associate dean of students at the College States in 2012 he provided spiritual direction to ’66, died January 31 in Weston, Mass. He was a pro- of William & Mary in 1974. He also spent a year as many lay persons and clergymen in the Boston area fessor of English and American literature at Middle- director of counseling services at Bowdoin. In 1978 and preached retreats at the Arnold Hall Conference bury College and Pine Manor College. He was also he began a clinical practice in public mental health Center, in Pembroke, Mass. He leaves two sisters, an oarsman and crew coach. In retirement he taught in New Hampshire, serving as head of the adoles- Diane Cerreto and Joan Yim, and a brother, Louis. for many years at Lasell Village, a senior housing cent unit at New Hampshire State Hospital. At his community in Auburndale, Mass. He was a former retirement he was senior therapist in the Titusville Robert Otis Johnson ’57, M.B.A. ’62, died De- trustee of Pine Manor College, the Longy School of office of the Meadville (Pa.) Medical Center Men- cember 17 in Dover, N.H. He joined the army after Music, and the Boston Landmarks Orchestra. He tal Health Counseling Center. For some years he graduation from the College. Later he worked for was a weather watcher and a lover of nature, par- wrote a column, “A Counselor’s Notebook,” for the several high-tech companies in the Cambridge area ticularly the woods and mountains of Vermont and Titusville Herald. A longtime motorcycle enthusiast, he before starting his own business, H.F. Staples Co., in the seacoast of Maine. He leaves his wife, Elizabeth switched to a scooter when he could no longer ride. Merrimack, N.H., which he served as both executive (Kahlo), Ed.M. ’64, two daughters, Margaret Cabot He leaves his wife, Frances (Drusko), a son, Frank, vice president and president before retiring in 2000. ’87 and Katherine Essington, and two sisters, Vir- and two stepchildren, Emily and Matthew Nelson. He was a founding member of the Unitarian Univer- ginia Wood and Elizabeth Minot. salist Fellowship of the Eastern Slopes. In retirement Austin Christopher Flint ’54cl died Feb- he moved to Pound of Tea Island, in Maine’s Casco Leo Fishman ’59 died January 12 in Charleston, ruary 1, 2015, in New York City. He was a playwright Bay, where he indulged his lifelong love of boating S.C. He served two years of active duty in the Ma- and a professor of the arts at Columbia, where he and sailing and became a masterly crab picker. A rine Corps after high school. A lawyer, he spent sev- taught for more than 45 years. He was director of member of Friends of Peary’s Eagle Island, he also eral years in the Office of Economic Opportunity in undergraduate studies in literature/creative writ- volunteered many hours at Eagle Island State Park. Washington, D.C., helping to organize, launch, and ing and an instructor in playwriting. After retir- He was an avid runner who competed in more than fund Head Start and other programs in President ing from full-time teaching in 2004, he remained 400 road races, including 17 marathons and 16 Mount Johnson’s War on Poverty. Later he entered the in the department of the arts as an adjunct profes- Washington races. He leaves two daughters, Heath- private practice of law in Washington, focusing on

Harvard Magazine 76M Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 obituaries

public-private real-estate development, government ed to New Hampshire’s Constitutional Convention. ter, Nancy, and a brother, Roger ’62; a son, Laurence, grants, and 501(c)(3) tax law. He and his wife moved As a three-term mayor of Concord in the 1970s and predeceased him. in 1996 to Kiawah Island, S.C., where he became ac- ’80s, he championed historic preservation, presid- tive in civic affairs as a member of the town planning ing over major revitalization projects for Bicenten- Holly Cyrus Zeeb ’60cl, Ed.D. ’85, of New- commission and the town council. He organized and nial Square, the Firehouse Block, and Eagle Square; tonville, Mass., died January 28. She was a licensed chaired the Town of Kiawah Island Arts Council and he also advanced cleanup efforts in the Merrimack clinical psychologist in private practice in Water- helped found the Kiawah Island Natural Habitat River. He was instrumental in the creation of New town, Mass., and a longtime volunteer at the Com- Conservancy, of which he was an honorary trustee. Hampshire Public Radio, the Capitol Center for munity Legal Services and Counseling Center, in He also promoted live performance of classical mu- the Arts, and the New Hampshire Center for Pub- Cambridge. She was also a gifted poet and teacher. sic in the greater Charleston community as a board lic Policy Studies. He was known for his wealth of Her chapbook, White Sky Raining: Poems of Memory and member of the Charleston Symphony Orchestra, knowledge, exacting standards, and his dependable Loss, was published in 2012. She enjoyed gardening, Chamber Music Charleston, and the Charleston fairness. He leaves his wife, Deirdre (Sheerr), and a biking, and spending time with family in Maine. She Academy of Music. He and his wife led the Herz- brother, Woolf ’56; his first wife, Caroline (Lord) ’62, leaves two sons, Noel and Peter, and a sister, Cathey man-Fishman Foundation, supporting local tax- M.A.T. ’64, died in 1993. Cyrus-Clark; her husband, Robert ’60, M.A.T. ’63, exempt organizations in the areas of classical music, died in 2009. economic and social justice, education, and Jewish Stephen Fordyce Kissel ’60cl, of Argyll, culture. He leaves his wife, Carol (Herzman). Scotland, died December 20. He was a writer who Mai Milk Avery ’61mcl died January 16 in Wash- lived for many years in England. In recent years he ington, D.C. She pursued amateur dramatics after Michael David Goodman ’59mcl, LL.B. ’62, was a tenant in the small Scottish village of Kames, graduation and later was a homemaker. Suffering for of Northbrook, Ill., died January 24, 2014. He was an Tighnabruaich, in Argyll, where he pursued his pas- many years from a degenerative illness, she became attorney in the Chicago area for more than a half- sion for painting and in the summers played a good an expert on nutrition and alternative medicine; she century. He spent 20 years with the Exchange Na- deal of golf. He leaves no immediate survivors. was also keenly interested in spirituality, and trav- tional Bank of Chicago before entering private prac- eled to India seven times. She leaves her husband, tice, and later started his own practice concentrat- Harvey Leon Ozer ’60cl died September 13, Christopher ’62. ing in trusts and estate matters. He retired in 2013. 2015, in Newark, N.J. He was a professor emeritus of He volunteered as a director of the Board of Jewish biomedical research at the University of Medicine Robert Michael Immerman ’61mcl, Education of Metropolitan Chicago. A dedicated do- and Dentistry of New Jersey, where he also chaired M.Arch. ’64, died January 21 in Larchmont, N.Y. He it-yourselfer, he was highly skilled in construction the department of microbiology and molecular joined the Peace Corps after graduation from the De- and carpentry. He leaves his wife, Adrienne (Simon), genetics and was the founder and first director of sign School and later began his architectural career a daughter, Lindsay Sweet, and two sons, Adam and the University Hospital’s Cancer Center. He leaves in the New York City firm of Conklin & Rossant. Jason. his wife, Anna (Bartosz), a daughter, Juliane, and a Later he was a principal of his own firm, Horowitz/ brother, Mark ’53. Immerman. He designed countless renovations of Anne Hadley Howat ’59cl died January 5 in private residences and office buildings and devel- Manhattan. She was an executive volunteer in the John Kevin Silk ’60, of Cambridge, died De- oped a specialty for Jewish communal and religious area of family planning through EngenderHealth, a cember 19. Trained as an astrophysicist, he pursued spaces; he was proudest of his design for the Ramaz New York-based nonprofit that promotes women’s a career in private industry, leading R&D projects Middle School, on Manhattan’s Upper West Side. sexual and reproductive health throughout Africa, for AS&E (American Science & Engineering) in He was a devoted member and past president of Asia, and the Americas. She leaves two daughters, Cambridge and Bloch Engineering in Pittsburgh. He Larchmont Temple. He was a gifted sketch artist, an Karen and Laura; her husband, John “Jock” ’59, A.M. was a talented cook and writer and a lover of the arts avid gardener and cook, and a lover of the arts. He ’62, died in 2015. who supported the Boston Symphony, the Handel & leaves his wife, Minna (Levine), and two daughters, Haydn Society, and the American Repertory Theater Gabrielle and Suzanne. Bruce Langworthy Chalmers ’60cl died for many years. He leaves a daughter, Christy, a son, December 11 in Riverside, Calif. He was a professor of Sean, and his partner, Charlotte Troubh; his wife, Alice Albright Arlen ’62cl died February 29 mathematics at the University of California, River- Laura (Wright), and a dear friend, Rosa Shinagel, in Manhattan. She was a journalist and screenwriter side, for more than four decades. His particular field predeceased him. whose credits include the 1983 Mike Nichols film of interest was approximation theory, about which Silkwood, for which she and her collaborator, Nora he published many papers and lectured internation- Priscilla Anne Trowbridge ’60mcl died Ephron, were nominated for the Academy Award ally. He was an inspirational mentor to generations December 15 in Albuquerque. She taught at Drexel for best screenplay. Her many screenplays included of graduate students. He loved sports. He leaves University, in Philadelphia, for some years and also another collaboration with Ephron, the 1989 com- his wife, Patricia (Ploessl), two daughters, Cynthia worked on the staff of the University of Pennsylva- edy Cookie, for which she also served as executive Bartlett and Heather Singarella, and two sisters, Di- nia alumni magazine. After returning to her home- producer. She began her career in Chicago as a free- ane Johnson ’65 and Candace Bickford. town of Albuquerque to care for her ailing mother, lance journalist and culture critic for the local CBS- she volunteered for several years with the American TV affiliate. After moving to New York in the 1970s, Michael Anthony Curran ’60mcl, Ph.D. Red Cross. She was a keen connoisseur of Albuquer- she worked in a studio as a film editor and entered ’68, died April 21, 2015, in Arlington, Mass. After grad- que eateries, a devoted listener to the city’s public ra- postgraduate film studies at Columbia. She was the uation he lived for some years in the Soviet Union dio station, KUNM, and a lover of nature. She leaves author of biographies of two trailblazing women in and Poland. A gifted linguist who spoke and read a son, Josh. her family, Cissy Patterson, about a great-aunt, and The Russian, Spanish, French, and Hungarian, he was a Huntress: The Adventures, Escapades and Triumphs of Alicia former member of the Slavic department faculty at ALAN MORRIS WOLF ’60cl, M.B.A. ’63, died No- Patterson, about an aunt; the latter book is due out the University of Illinois, Chicago. At his retirement vember 19 in Cincinnati. He was the president of this year. She was a founder of the Impact Reper- he was an economic analyst at Data Resources Inc., Zero Breeze Co., a Cincinnati roofing and sheet tory Theater, a nonprofit performing arts group the economic forecasting firm, in Lexington, Mass. metal business. He was a board member of the Na- for Harlem teens, a major supporter of the Central He leaves no immediate survivors. tional Roofing Contractors Association, chair of its Park Conservatory, and a board member and past local apprentice committee, and a recipient of the president of the Alicia Patterson Foundation, which Martin Louis Gross ’60mcl, J.D. ’64cl, died Lifetime Achievement Award from the Spirit of Con- awards fellowships to working journalists. She January 26 in Ushuaia, Argentina, after taking ill struction Foundation of Greater Cincinnati in 2006. leaves her husband, Michael ’52, a daughter, Alicia during a trip to Antarctica. He was a New Hamp- A leader in community affairs, he was vice president Adams, two sons, James Patrick and Robert Hoge, shire attorney and longtime Democratic politician. of the Jewish Vocational Service, president of the four stepdaughters, Jennifer ’81, Caroline, Elizabeth, He practiced law for more than 50 years in the Harvard Club of Cincinnati, and a longtime volun- and Sally Arlen, her brother, Joseph Albright, and Concord, N.H., firm of Sulloway & Hollis, begin- teer with Big Brothers Big Sisters. He was also a com- two stepsiblings, Adam Albright and Blandina Ro- ning in 1965, serving as senior counsel at the time petitive tennis player all his life, continuing to win jek. of his death. He advised three governors, chaired senior tournaments until 2003. He leaves his wife, the state’s legislative ethics committee, chaired the Louise (Cohen), two daughters, Michele Bernstein Laurence Stacey Brown ’62 died January 21 state’s Board of Bar Examiners, and twice was elect- and Meredith Schizer ’95, and a son, Jonathan, a sis- in Bryn Mawr, Pa. He pursued a career in the steel

76N May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 importing business, first at Kurt Orban Partners at the Alvin Ailey and Merce Cunningham studios million trees to honor the Vietnamese who died in LLC, then at Toyota, and finally with his own firm, in New York City. Enamored of the music, language, the American war, improve the environment, and LSB Steel Sales, focusing mainly on trade with Asia. culture, and people of Cuba, he traveled there many boost agriculture. In recent years he was a resident He was an avid sports fan, a gifted athlete, and a times and wrote extensively about Cuban art and of the Upaya Zen Center in Santa Fe. longtime member of the Wynnewood Lanes Bowl- society. He leaves a daughter, Sienna McLean-Lo- ing League. A 36-year member of Alcoholics Anony- Greco, two sons, Ornan and Ulysses, and a brother, Peter Whitman Minkler ’72 died January mous, he derived much strength and support from L. Deckle ’63. 20 in Gautier, Miss. He took a leave from Harvard to that community and gave a good deal back in return. join the army during the Vietnam War, enrolling in He leaves a daughter, Melissa, a son, Fraser, a step- Allan Richard Liebgott ’66cl died Decem- the Defense Language Institute in Monterey, Calif., son, David Byerley, and a sister, Marian MacFarlane. ber 18 in Littleton, Colo. He served for two years in and was stationed in the German town of Furth im the U.S. Public Health Service after medical school, Wald. Later he worked for the U.S. Geological Sur- Caroline Rand Herron ’62cl died January 5 stationed on the Navajo Reservation in Chinle, Ariz. vey in Menlo Park, Calif., and for Bay Area power in Brooklyn, N.Y. She was retired staff editor of the In 1975 he joined Denver Health, where he practiced cogeneration research companies, including Inter- New York Times Book Review, a job she held from 1993 internal medicine until his retirement in 2007. He national Power Technology and the Electric Power to 2005. Her other roles at the Times, beginning in was a man with a great zest for life and many inter- Research Institute. He also owned and operated a 1973, were assistant editor in the Washington bu- ests, including cooking, travel, baseball, photogra- charter sailboat company, SailTours, out of Pier 39 reau and editor and writer for the “Week in Review.” phy, camping, golf, the arts, and especially commu- on San Francisco Bay. After retiring to Hatch, Utah, From 1963 to 1978 she was an editor at the Partisan nity theater. He was a founder and first president he built an off-the-grid log cabin from the ground Review. She was also formerly executive consultant of the Main Street Players of Littleton and a board up; it boasted majestic views of the red rock cliffs to New York’s Poets and Writers, founding director member of the Colorado Community Theatre Coali- and a brick, wood-fired pizza oven, a nod to his and treasurer of The Print Center Inc., and execu- tion. He leaves his wife, Susie (Frey), and two daugh- love of cooking. He leaves his wife, Gertrude (Car- tive director of the Coordinating Council of Literary ters, Robin Liebgott and Heather Nolan. son), two sons, Ricker and Charles, his stepfather, Magazines. In retirement she served as president of George Howell, a sister, Penny Fitz-Randolph, and Highland Affordable Housing Inc, in Truro, Mass., Patricia Louise Harriss ’67 died November two brothers, Rick and David; a son, Michael, pre- where she grew up and had a summer home for 18 in Greenwich, Conn. She worked for many years deceased him. many years. She leaves a brother, Rand. in the treasury department of AT&T in New York City; during a three-year assignment in Omaha, she Francis Xavier Cronin ’76 died January 24 Jan Van Dekker ’62 died October 22, 2015, in indulged her love of riding and owned two horses. in Boston. An All-Scholastic athlete in both football Yonkers, N.Y. She traveled to Yugoslavia for her She spent some years back in Bronxville, N.Y., where and baseball at Boston Latin High School, he went graduate education, worked and traveled through- she grew up, to provide support to her parents, and on to play both sports at Harvard as well, winning out Eastern Europe, and later worked as a transla- while there was active in the League of Women Vot- the Henry Lamarr Award for football in his senior tor of Serbo-Croatian. She also served as children’s ers and Plâteau Cirque, a painting group. After her year. Later, as a contractor with Callahan Construc- librarian and horticulturist at the Hastings Institute, parents’ deaths, she settled in Greenwich, where she tion Co., of Bridgewater, Mass., he was construc- in Hastings-on-Hudson, N.Y. She was an early prac- volunteered for At Home in Greenwich, providing tion superintendent on a number of school proj- titioner of both karate and tai chi, a bagpiper in New services and activities for the town’s seniors. She ects, including Dartmouth High School in 2002. He York City’s St. Patrick’s Day parade, and a lifelong was an avid solver of crossword puzzles, especially loved traveling the world, particularly Ireland and booklover. She leaves a brother, Benjamin. the Sunday New York Times ones, enjoyed gardening, Bermuda, and road trips anywhere with his wife in and was a great reader of mysteries and science fic- his SLK55 AMG sports car. He leaves his wife, Judy James Franklin Leath Jr. ’64, of Haverhill, tion. She leaves a sister, Martha ’71, and two brothers, (Smith), three daughters, Hannah, Mariah Baker, Mass., died January 20. A distinguished schoolboy Gordon and Brian ’71. and Kimberly, a sister, Joanne White, and three athlete in basketball, football, and track and field, brothers Jerome, Neil, and Paul. he still holds the New York State record for the 100- Stuart Jay Beck ’68cl died February 29 in Man- yard dash. Later he pursued a varied career, serving hattan. A New York lawyer who served as president Cynthia Haimes Goralnik ’77mcl died De- as a deputy contract manager at Abt Associates, of Granite Broadcasting Corp., a group of television cember 29 in a car accident in Mesa, Ariz. She was compliance officer for the Massachusetts Port -Au stations, he first visited Palau, a diminutive trust ter- a radiologist with a passionate interest in early de- thority, and senior computer operator at Education ritory in Micronesia about the size of Philadelphia, in tection of breast cancer. While director of mammog- Loan Services and EMC. In 1980 he fulfilled his long- 1976 on an environmental-impact fact-finding mis- raphy at Valley Radiologists in Phoenix and then at time dream of practicing acupuncture and herbal sion and soon was enlisted to help guide the island SimonMed Imaging, she became one of the state’s medicine and became a member of the Acupuncture to sovereignty. After Palau gained its independence preeminent experts on breast imaging. Among her Practitioners Association of Massachusetts. A music in 1994, he persuaded the new nation to claim a seat colleagues, she was also known for her bedside man- lover possessed of a beautiful tenor voice, he had a in the U.N. General Assembly; he went on to serve ner; she strove to learn about her patients’ lives, so particular fondness for three- and four-part harmo- for a decade as Palau’s U.N. ambassador for a salary they would have nonmedical topics to chat about ny and was a founding member of two ensembles, of one dollar a year. A tireless advocate for the inter- during doctor visits, and she insisted on personally Onyx and JoyFul. He leaves two daughters, Michelle ests of the tiny nation, after giving up his seat in 2013 delivering cancer diagnoses whenever possible. In Leath and Sarai Senat, a son, James, two sisters, Ca- he was named Palau’s envoy for oceans and seas at her off-hours she enjoyed skiing, dancing, and world price Buskey and Natasha, a brother, Jeffrey, and his the United Nations, leading its successful campaign travel; for rest and relaxation, she often headed to former wife, Leslie. to ban commercial shark fishing, bottom trawling, Puerto Peñasco, Mexico. She was a sports fan and and export fishing, mining, and drilling in the waters a Netflix buff, and she loved her rescue dogs. She Taylor Ayres McLean ’65cl, Ed.M. ’81, died off its coasts. He leaves his wife, Tulik, two daugh- leaves her husband, Gary ’77, a daughter, Sara Wom- February 25 in Jersey City, N.J. After graduation he ters, Johanna Beck and Emadch MacNee, two sons, ack, two sons, Nathan and Harry, and two brothers, studied under the sculptor Mirko Basaldella. Later Charles and Sam, and a sister, Susan Champlin. Howard and Mark Haimes. he maintained his own studio in Boston’s Fenway neighborhood for 16 years, creating lithographs, John Todd Berlow ’71 died February 22 in Thomas Francis Xavier Cole ’80 died Feb- sculptures, paintings, ceramics, and handcrafted Santa Fe. Expelled by the College for his role in the ruary 17 in Somerville, Mass. He was a newspaper- drums. He also worked as a jazz percussionist, University Hall takeover in spring 1969, he then trav- man whose career straddled the news and adver- dancer, film producer, and writer. He worked closely eled the world, living and working in Israel, Canada, tising sides of the business. He joined the Worcester with the Mobius Artists Group, an artist-run center and West Africa. In 2000 he began teaching Eng- Telegram & Gazette as a copy editor in 1983, but had left for experimental work in the visual, performing, and lish at the Vietnam Friendship Village, near Hanoi, the newsroom to work in marketing, advertising, media arts. His sculpture Tent Bay, an homage to his which houses army veterans and young people with and digital operations by the time he moved to the ancestral home of Barbados, was commissioned by mental disabilities caused by Agent Orange; he start- Boston Globe in 2005. As executive director of business the City of Boston in 1988 and installed in Harry Ellis ed an organic gardening project there to plant veg- development at the Globe, he played a role in the pa- Dickson Park. After moving back to his hometown etables and fruit trees that would provide healthful per’s deciding to charge readers for some online con- of Jersey City in the 1990s he served for more than a food for the village, and later went on to found the tent and assisted the producers of the movie Spotlight, decade as percussion accompanist for dance classes Green Vietnam Project, which aimed to plant three winner of this year’s Academy Award for best film.

Harvard Magazine 76O Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 obituaries

A music lover who formerly played the tuba in the immediate survivors; his wife, Emily (Clapp), pre- and became treasurer of the Wells Fargo Bank in San Harvard Band, he was a devoted alumnus and re- deceased him. Francisco. The illness and death of a sister, Millie, in union enthusiast. He ran his first half-marathon in New Jersey impelled him to return to his home state 2015. He was a student of history and an ebullient Elizabeth Lewisohn Eisenstein, Ph.D. to devote more time to his extended family. He was gourmet cook. He leaves his wife, Elizabeth Cooney, ’53, died January 31 in Washington, D.C. She was a beloved mainstay of every family gathering, revered two sons, Benjamin and Daniel ’14, two sisters, Ju- Alice Freeman Palmer chair of history emerita at the equally for his excellent cooking and encyclopedic dith Jones and Mary Beth Curnen, and two brothers, University of Michigan and a pioneering historian knowledge. He leaves no immediate survivors. Michael and Frank. of the cultural impact of the printing press. She is best-known for her seminal 1979 study The Printing Landon Timmonds Ross, A.M. ’66, died Feb Nancy Anne Abelmann ’81mcl died Janu- Press as an Agent of Change, an interdisciplinary exami- ruary 7 in Havana, Fla. A scientist who devoted his ary 6 in Urbana, Ill. She was Preble professor of nation, in two volumes, of the impact of printing on career to environmental protection in Florida, he anthropology, Asian-American studies, and East three major movements: the Renaissance, the Ref- served as chief biologist of several state agencies Asian languages and cultures at the University of ormation, and the Scientific Revolution. Her other before becoming head of the state’s central environ- Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. A leading anthropolo- books include Grub Street Abroad, about the French mental biology laboratory. He developed and im gist of Korea and Korean America, she co-founded publishing scene in the years leading up to the revo- plemented the nation’s first numerical water-quality the UI’s Ethnography of the University Initiative lution, and Divine Art, Infernal Machine, a look at public standards for toxicity in discharges as measured in 2002, served as director of the Center for East attitudes toward printing through the centuries. using standard bioassays, as well as for changes to Asian and Pacific Studies from 2005 to 2008, and After retiring in 1988, she became a national ranked the community of bottom-dwelling organisms us- since 2009 had been associate vice chancellor for senior women’s tennis player, winning 33 national ing specific statistical values. He published articles research in the humanities, arts, and related fields. championships (and one world championship) on many subjects, some ranging widely from his field Her numerous books include Echoes of the Past, Epics of before playing her last competitive match in May of professional focus, such as mollusk taxonomy and Dissent: A South Korean Social Movement, The Melodrama of 2015; she was inducted into the Mid-Atlantic Ten- ancient Vietnamese coins. He leaves his wife, Nancy, Mobility: Women, Class, and Talk in Contemporary South Ko- nis Association Hall of Fame in 1999. She leaves her a daughter, Brynna, a son, Timmonds, two step- rea, and The Intimate University: Korean American Students husband, Julian ’41, Ph.D. ’48, a daughter, Margaret daughters, Clese and Mary, and a stepson, Michael. and the Problems of Segregation. She treasured her many DeLacy, a son, Edward, and a sister. friendships spanning the globe, sending nearly 400 Robert Lee, Ph.D. ’74, died February 29 in Har- handwritten holiday letters each year. She loved the Ronald Frank Walter Cieciuch, Ph.D. risonburg, Va. A member of the Mennonite Church, ocean, and planning family trips abroad; she was an ’61, died November 25 in Brighton, Mass. He was he taught in the religion departments of the Uni- excellent cook and an avid swimmer. She leaves her a retired research chemist with Polaroid Corp., in versity of Tennessee in Knoxville, Amherst Col- husband, Andrew Gewirth, twin daughters, Car- Cambridge, where he spent his entire career. He lege, Southwestern University, where he was the men and Simone, a son, Isaac, her mother, Rena, two worked mostly on the light stability of Polaroid Wilson-Craven professor of religion, and Boston sisters, Karen Gross and Ruth, and two brothers, color film and held a number of patents in this area. University, where he was a University Professor. In Arthur and Charles, Ed.D. ’96. A man of many interests, he enjoyed photography, 1986 he moved to Japan to accept a teaching posi- choral singing, gardening, languages, hiking, tennis, tion in the department of international studies at David Wichs ’00mcl died February 5 when a and Bible study. He was a longtime, devoted mem- Meiji Gakuin University, in Tokyo. Later he became construction crane collapsed on him as he stood ber of St. Paul Church in Cambridge. He leaves his founding director of the Tokyo Mission Research beside his parked car in Lower Manhattan. A native wife, Mary Ann “Mimsie” (Sullivan), a daughter, Institute. He was the author of a book, The Clash of of Prague who emigrated to the United States as a Kathleen, and a son, John. Civilizations: An Intrusive Gospel in Japanese Civilization. teenager, at the time of the accident he was on his After taking up residence in the Virginia Mennonite way to his job at the computerized trading firm of Melvin Waldfogel, Ph.D. ’61, died February Retirement Community, in Harrisonburg, he was a Tower Research Capital, where he had worked for 8 in Palo Alto, Calif. He was a professor emeritus of founding member of the Anabaptist Center for Re- 15 years. He was a strong supporter of the Yeshiva of art history at the University of Minnesota, where he ligion and Society at Eastern Mennonite University. Flatbush, his alma mater. He leaves his wife, Rebec- taught for three decades. He introduced generations He leaves his wife, Nancy (Burkholder), a daughter, ca Guttman-Wichs, his parents, Adela and Thomas, of undergraduates to the beauty of art and men- Suelyn Swiggum, two sons, Steven ’82 and Robert, and a brother, Daniel. tored scores of graduate students who went on to two sisters, Jean Hawley and Florence Guimary, and careers as teachers, art critics, curators, archivists, a brother, William. and museum directors. An army veteran of World Graduate Schools War II, he trained fighter pilots in radio operation at Muroc Army Air Base in California before serving Faculty and Staff Charles Coulston Gillispie, Ph.D. ’49, in Germany with the army of occupation. He leaves died October 6, 2015, in Princeton, N.J. He was Day- a daughter, Sabra ’77, and two sons, Asher and Joel; Philip Alden Kuhn, Higginson professor of ton-Stockton professor of history emeritus and pro- his wife, Gertrude (Flaxer), died in 2001. history and of East Asian languages and civiliza- fessor of history of science emeritus at Princeton, tions emeritus, died February 11. His obituary ap- where he had been a member of the faculty since Anthony Thomas Arlotto, Ph.D. ’66, of pears on page 76M. 1947. A towering figure in the history of science, he Metuchen, N.J., died November 24, 2011. A linguist and his Princeton colleague Thomas S. Kuhn ’49 and senior tutor at Winthrop House, he was conver- Gerald Chandler Schwertfeger, re- drove the founding of the history and philosophy of sant in Dutch, German, Russian, Chinese, and Turk- tired head of stacks and tracings at Widener Li- science as an academic discipline, beginning with ish. He was the author of several books on linguistics brary, died December 1 in Boston. He worked in his first course on the subject in 1956, “The History and served an editor of the American Heritage Diction- the College Library’s access-services division for of Scientific Thought from Galileo to Einstein.” He ary. Later he went on to earn an M.B.A. at Stanford 25 years. In the 1990s, when it was discovered that was also founding adviser for the Daniel M. Sachs some 600 books had been stolen and destroyed by a Class of 1960 Scholarship, one of the highest awards single individual—the FBI was called in after librar- given to Princeton undergraduates. He wrote sev- To submit information for an obituary by mail, ians received ransom notes and threats—he played eral influential books, includingThe Edge of Objectivity write to Obituaries, Harvard Magazine, 7 a key role in the library’s response, devoting the and Science and Polity in France, and was editor-in-chief Ware St., Cambridge 02138; send faxes to equivalent of six months’ full-time work to the case. of The Dictionary of Scientific Biography, published in 16 617-495-0324; address e-mail to obituaries@ (The thief was identified, tried, and convicted.) volumes between 1970 and 1980, which was award- harvard.edu; or complete the on-line form He put into place the training system for tracings ed the American Library Association’s Dartmouth at www.harvardmag.com/submitobitu- operations at Widener still in use today. His many Medal. His many other honors included the Inter- interests included American clocks, pottery and ce- national Balzan Prize for History and Philosophy of ary. Please specify “Print only” if you do not ramics, especially art tiles, and gardening, and Asian Science, in 1997, and the George Sarton Medal of the wish the obituary to appear in the online art; he traveled widely in Japan, Malaysia, Thailand, History of Science Society, in 1984. During World version of the magazine. Submissions will Vietnam, and Cambodia. He was a passionate advo- War II he served with the Third Army in Europe as be edited for space and house style. cate of human rights. He leaves his husband, Bryan a captain in a heavy mortar battalion. He leaves no Li, and a sister, Ann.

76P May - June 2016 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Letters

LETTERS (continued from page 8) way, what are you calling the degree believe there is a grammatical error in Drew tween a bachelor’s and a Ph.D.? Faust’s recent “View from Mass Hall” (Janu- stead of funding the Royall professor of Rosa Cumare, Ph.D. ’77 ary-February, page 5). In paragraph two, she law position, HLS should track down all Pasadena writes, “Today the School’s faculty lead and the descendants of Isaac Royall Jr. living inspire students….” I believe that the word today, and return the funds to them. Celebrating Chandeliers “faculty” is a collective noun and is therefore I hope the Harvard Corporation rejects I was delighted to see the story of the singular. Faculty members lead, whereas the the recommendation to change the shield, magnificent chandelier in Sanders Theatre faculty leads. something that would make the school a (“A Treasure Way Up High,” January-Feb- Paul I. Karofsky, OPM ’79, Ed.M. ’90 laughingstock outside the rarefied air of ruary, page 84) and applaud recent sustain- Palm Beach Gardens, Fla. politically correct academia. ability and energy saving efforts, bringing Kaj Ahlburg, J.D. ’84 this historic treasure into the twenty-first Editor’s note: The president’s office forward- Port Angeles, Wash. century. As a Divinity School alumna, former ed this response from Johnstone Family freshman proctor, and director of education professor of pyschology Steven Pinker, au- Editor’s note: The Corporation has agreed that at the Memorial Church, I have many mem- thor of The Sense of Style: The Thinking Person’s the shield be abandoned; see ories of performances under Guide to Writing in the 21st Century: page 29. this beautiful chandelier! I As a member of the Usage Panel of the now serve as one of the two American Heritage Dictionary, President Faust Is there any principled clergy at Church of the Cov- can be expected to choose her words with way in which Harvard will enant on Newbury Street, care, and there is nothing wrong with her be able to resist demands where we, too, have been sentence. You can look it up: Sense 2(a) of that the entire institution engaged with many sustain- faculty in the Fifth Edition of the AHD in- should be taken down be- ability efforts as a faith com- dicates that the noun may be “used with a cause it was established by a munity deeply concerned sing. or pl. verb.” Examples go back at least group of fundamentalist Prot- with environmental justice. to 1843, when the Yale Literary Magazine ob- estants who harbored what are Church of the Covenant is home served that “the faculty were funny fellows.” by current politically correct “stan- to another magnificent chandelier Faust is not even the first in her position to dards” sexist, racist, anti-Semitic, anti- and thus, it was a particular delight to use the noun in this way: In his 1968-69 Presi- papist, anti-Islamic, you name your “pro- see the reference to our Tiffany chandelier dent’s Report, Nathan Pusey wrote that “not gressive” cause of the day “ist” views? Isn’t in your recent article, another nineteenth- all faculty even yet concur in this resolve.” all money tainted in some fashion? Is the law century jewel now lit with LEDs. What we’re seeing here is a linguistic school going to start checking all donors for The Tiffany art glass chandelier, origi- phenomenon called notional agreement, in adherence to whatever feelings need to be nally displayed at the World’s Columbian which the grammatical number of a noun accommodated before accepting their dol- Exposition of 1893, became the centerpiece depends on whether the writer conceives of lars and, more to the point, is Harvard going of a sanctuary completely redecorated by its referent as singular or plural rather than to return to the Royall heirs their ancestor’s Tiffany Glass and Decorating Company on whether it is grammatically marked as sin- disgusting donation? the following year. Two features take cen- gular or plural. It’s common, for example, I laud the faculty member whose portrait ter stage: the huge chandelier at the cross- to read We know a couple who never argue or The was defaced [Professor Annette Gordon- ing of the transept and the 42 stained glass committee disagree about the solution. Notional Reed] for having the courage to stand up to windows. Art historian Virginia Raguin agreement is more common in British Eng- this wave of anti-intellectual bullying for has described the program of windows as lish; Americans do a double take when they reasons that make solid sense. There’s not “one of the most impressive collections of read The government are listening at last, The much difference between removing this glass in America,” and the National Park Guardian are giving you the chance to win books, shield and the Communists’ photoshop- Service recently recognized the impor- or Microsoft are considering the offer. At the same ping out of May Day parade pictures peo- tance of the sanctuary by designating the time, what could be more American than ple who were purged by the dictatorships. Church a National Historic Landmark. I “When in the Course of human events, it You have to be able to face the whole of his- hope you have a chance to visit! The sanc- becomes necessary for one people to dissolve tory and its legacy, not just the parts that tuary is open for self-guided tours from the political bands which have connected aren’t “upsetting” or “controversial.” It’s mid April through mid December. Con- them with another…”? particularly ironic that this gesture is being sider walking about with a brochure on made at the Law School, where students the Tiffany art…or sitting in the beauty and Errata are supposed to be trained to deal with peace of the space. The profile of hockey goalie Emerance thorny controversies professionally. Rev. Julie M. Rogers, M.Div. ’12 Maschmeyer (“A Calming Presence,” March- This is a profoundly embarrassing day Boston April, page 26) inadvertently misspelled the to be a Harvard graduate—almost as em- name of her “roommate, best friend, and barrassing as the stupid “how to deal with Language Matters teammate,” Karly Heffernan. “Debating Di- controversial issues” placemats and drop- You might want to check this with one versity” (page 17) rendered William Barlow’s ping the name of House “Master”—by the of the college’s English professors, but I be- last name incorrectly. Our apologies.

Harvard Magazine 83 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Treasure Before Social Media Radio was the medium that broke the silence.

OW MANY PEOPLE in the room remember what they were listening to on their bedroom radios in 1945 when the broad- Hcast was interrupted with the news that President Franklin D. Roosevelt had died? toric events, play-by-play of sport- This correspondent remembers. He was lis- ing events, oldie-but-goodie songs, tening to The Lone Ranger: “Return with us and past political harangues. now to those thrilling days of yesteryear! “Radio Contact” offers tempta- From out of the past come the thundering tions to explore to visitors of most hoofbeats of the great horse Silver! The ages, from the old boy wanting to Lone Ranger rides again!” the day it happened. An opera performed in revisit the thrilling days of yester- The Collection of Historical Scientific the city could be enjoyed upstate; a Chicago year, to today’s well-wired child. Several cu- Instruments, in the Science Center, has baseball game on the farm. The next 30 years ratorial students helped assemble the exhi- opened a new exhibition in the second-floor were a Golden Age. Radio delivered dramas bition, and some of them may have learned Special Exhibition Gallery called “Radio such as The Shadow and Mary Noble, Backstage to their surprise that tuning a radio might Contact: Tuning In to Politics, Technology Wife. It introduced millions to jazz, the co- require more than pushing a button. They & Culture.” It runs through December 9 and medic duo of Abbott and Costello, the iconic may have learned that grandparents or paris open to the public free of charge. voice of newsman Edward R. Murrow. ents, as teenagers, were out in the garage Radio broadcasting roared onto the scene The exhibition examines the changing messing around with crystal sets they had in the 1920s, when the first commercial technology and culture of listening, tinker- built themselves, fiddling with the so-called broadcasting stations hit the air with a va- ing, and broadcasting. The listening section controls to hear the faint, unamplified voice riety of programs. An introductory text pan- includes a six-speaker sound installation of another human being out there on the el for the exhibition sets the scene: families and interactive radio. Museumgoers can airwaves trying to communicate. gathered around their sets to hear news on listen to once-live news broadcasts of his- vchristopher reed

84 May - June 2016 Photographs by Samantha van Gerbig Courtesy of the Collection of Historical Scientific Instruments Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Announcing the Davis Lectures at the Radcliffe Institute

The Davis Lectures at Harvard’s Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study will bring leading thinkers to the University to share emerging and important work of public interest. These lectures, supported by a generous gift from Kim G. Davis ’76, MBA ’78 and Judith N. Davis, will be free, open to the public, and available online shortly after they take place.

“We support the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study because it’s the one institution at Harvard that as a matter JANET L. of mission and culture is devoted to connecting the University with the broader community and engaging YELLEN the public in transformative ideas.”

—Kim G. Davis ’76, MBA ’78 and Judith N. Davis

UPCOMING DAVIS LECTURES

May 10, 2016 February 9, 2017 DIANA C. MUTZ BRIAN GREENE Samuel A. Stouffer Professor of Political Science Professor of physics and mathematics, and Communication, Annenberg School for Columbia University Communication and Department of Political Science, University of Pennsylvania April 13, 2017 DAVA SOBEL November 15, 2016 Science writer; author of Longitude (1995), GARTH RISK HALLBERG Galileo’s Daughter (2009), and The Glass Novelist; author of City on Fire (2015) Universe (forthcoming)

www.radcliffe.harvard.edu Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746

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Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746

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