Ernst Kris Papers

A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress

Manuscript Division, Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 2003 Revised 2010 April

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LC Online Catalog record: http://lccn.loc.gov/mm2001084824

Prepared by Michael Spangler Collection Summary Title: Ernst Kris Papers Span Dates: 1893-1999 Bulk Dates: (bulk 1940-1956) ID No.: MSS84824 Creator: Kris, Ernst, 1900-1957 Extent: 7,000 items ; 23 containers plus 1 oversize ; 9.2 linear feet Language: Collection material in English and German Location: Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Summary: Psychoanalyst, educator, and art historian. Correspondence, writings, lecture notes, newspaper clippings, biographical material, and printed matter chiefly documenting Kris's academic career in psychoanalysis after his immigration to the United States in 1940.

Selected Search Terms The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the Library's online catalog. They are grouped by name of person or organization, by subject or location, and by occupation and listed alphabetically therein. People Abrams, Mark, 1906- --Correspondence. Bernfeld, Siegfried, 1892-1953--Correspondence. Bing, Gertrud--Correspondence. Bonaparte, Marie, Princess, 1882-1962--Correspondence. Cassirer Bernfeld, Suzanne--Correspondence. Deutsch, Felix, 1884-1964--Correspondence. Deutsch, Helene, 1884- --Correspondence. Eissler, K. R. (Kurt Robert), 1908-1999--Correspondence. Eissler, Ruth Selke, 1906- --Correspondence. Fenichel, Otto--Correspondence. Ficke, Gladys--Correspondence. Fliess, Wilhelm, 1858-1928. Freud, Anna, 1895-1982--Correspondence. Freud, Sigmund, 1856-1939. Glover, Edward, 1888-1972--Correspondence. Gombrich, E. H. (Ernst Hans), 1909-2001--Correspondence. Greenacre, Phyllis--Correspondence. Hartmann, Heinz, 1894-1970--Correspondence. Hoffer, Willi--Correspondence. Jones, Ernest, 1879-1958--Correspondence. Kris, Ernst, 1900-1957. Kubie, Lawrence S. (Lawrence Schlesinger), 1896-1973--Correspondence. Leites, Nathan, 1912-1987--Correspondence. Lorand, Sándor, 1892-1987--Correspondence. Mann, Thomas, 1875-1955--Correspondence. McLeod, Enid--Correspondence. Mead, Margaret, 1901-1978--Correspondence. Rapaport, David--Correspondence. Sachs, Hanns, 1881-1947--Correspondence. Salt, John Scarlett Alexander, 1905- --Correspondence. Saussure, Raymond de, 1894-1971--Correspondence. Senns, Milton J. E.--Correspondence. Speier, Hans--Correspondence. Spitz, René A. (René Arpad), 1887-1974--Correspondence.

Ernst Kris Papers 2 Trilling, Lionel, 1905-1975--Correspondence. Wheeler-Bennett, John Wheeler, Sir, 1902-1975--Correspondence. Organizations Research Project on Totalitarian Communication. Subjects Adolescent psychology. Infant psychology. Propaganda, German. Psychoanalysis and the arts. Psychoanalysis. Radio in propaganda. World War, 1939-1945--Propaganda. Occupations Art historians. Educators. Psychoanalysts.

Administrative Information Provenance The papers of Ernst Kris, psychoanalyst, educator, and art historian, were given to the Library of Congress by his children Anton O. Kris and Anna Kris Wolff in 2001. Processing History The papers of Ernst Kris were arranged and described in 2003. Transfers Two books have been transferred to the Library's Rare Book and Special Collections Division where they are identified as part of these papers. Copyright Status Copyright in the unpublished writings of Ernst Kris in these papers and in other collections in the custody of the Library of Congress is reserved. Consult a reference librarian in the Manuscript Division for further information. Access and Restrictions Restrictions apply governing the use, photoduplication, or publication of items in this collection. Consult a reference librarian in the Manuscript Division for information concerning these restrictions. Preferred Citation Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Container number, Ernst Kris Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Biographical Note Date Event 1900, Apr. 26 Born, Vienna, Austria

1922 Ph.D., art history, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Ernst Kris Papers 3 1922-1938 Associate curator, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria

1924 Entered analysis with Helene Deutsch

1927 Married Marianne Rie (died 1980)

1927-1938 Member, Institute of Psychoanalysis, Vienna, Austria

1929 Published Meister und Meisterwerke der Steinscheidekunst in der Italienischen Renaissance. Vienna: Anton Schroll & Co.

1930-1938 Member of faculty and training analyst, Institute of Psychoanalysis, Vienna, Austria

1932-1938 Joint editor, Imago, Zeitschrift für psychoanalytische Psychologie

1933 Published article on Austrian sculptor, Franz Xaver Messerschmidt, “Ein geisteskranker Bildhauer” (“A Psychotic Sculptor of the Eighteenth Century”)

1937 Awarded Croix de Chevalier, Légion d'honneur (France)

1938 Emigrated from Austria to London, England

1938-1940 Lecturer and psychologist, Institute of Psycho-analysis, London, England

1939-1940 Senior research officer conducting analysis of German radio propaganda, British Broadcasting Corp. Monitoring Service

1940 Immigrated to the United States and settled in New York, N.Y. Visiting professor, New School for Social Research, New York, N.Y.

1941 Visiting professor, College of the City of New York, New York, N.Y.

1941-1944 Codirector, Research Project on Totalitarian Communication, New York, N.Y.

1943 Lecturer, New York Psychoanalytic Institute, New York, N.Y.

1944 Appointed managing editor, Psychoanalytic Study of the Child Published with Hans Speier, et al., German Radio Propaganda. London: Oxford University Press

1946 Became a naturalized citizen of the United States

1950 Organized longitudinal study of child development with Milton J. E. Senn, Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, Conn.

1952 Published Psychoanalytic Explorations in Art. New York: International Universities Press

1954 Edited with Princess Marie Bonaparte and Anna Freud Origins of Psychoanalysis: Letters to Wilhelm Fliess, Drafts and Notes, 1887-1902, introduction by Kris. New York: Basic Books, Inc.

1957, Feb. 27 Died, New York, N.Y.

Ernst Kris Papers 4 1975 Posthumous publication of Selected Papers of Ernst Kris. New Haven: Yale University Press

Scope and Content Note The papers of Walther Ernst Kris (1900-1957) span the years 1893-1999 with the bulk of the material concentrated in the period 1940-1956. The collection reflects Kris's activities as educator, psychoanalyst, and author of psychoanalytic theory and focuses primarily on the years following his move to New York in 1940 after emigrating from Austria. The papers include no patient case files except for one case history that is closed, and very little relates to his early career in art history in Vienna. The material is in English and German and is organized in the following series: Family Correspondence, General Correspondence, Speeches and Writings File, and Miscellany. The General Correspondence includes letters exchanged with professional colleagues, students, institutional organizations, and friends that document Kris's role in the organization of group research projects, academic work, research, and publications. Originally trained in art history, Kris developed an interest in psychoanalysis through his wife, Marianne Kris, a psychoanalyst and friend of Sigmund Freud. He served as a training analyst at the Institute of Psychoanalysis in Vienna and published works on psychoanalytic theory, the creative mind, and art by the insane. In 1938, Kris left Austria with Freud and other associates for London where he organized a program for the British Broadcasting Corporation to monitor and analyze Nazi propaganda broadcasts. After briefly working on a similar task at the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation in Montreal, he settled permanently in New York City, where he served as codirector of the analogous Research Project on Totalitarian Communication. Correspondence with Mark A. Abrams, John Scarlett Alexander Salt, and others in the British Broadcasting files pertains to events in England and Kris's work in Montreal and New York during World War II and includes many personal war stories. Letters exchanged with Anna Freud and Princess Marie Bonaparte relate mostly to the publication of Sigmund Freud's letters to Wilhelm Fliess in The Origins of Psychoanalysis in 1954. Other widely dispersed members of the Viennese psychoanalytic community are also represented in the correspondence. Letters exchanged with art historian Ernst H. Gombrich, with whom Kris worked on several occasions, reflect his continuing interest in art and the creative process. Organization and planning of projects for the study of infant development and gifted adolescents are documented in the Arthur Davison Ficke Foundation file, and Kris's teaching career is related in files for the College of the City of New York and the New School for Social Research. Correspondents include Siegfried Bernfeld and Suzanne Cassirer Bernfeld, Gertrud Bing, Felix Deutsch and Helene Deutsch, K. R. Eissler and Ruth Selke Eissler, Otto Fenichel, Gladys Ficke, Edward Glover, Phyllis Greenacre, Heinz Hartmann, Willi Hoffer, Ernest Jones, Lawrence S. Kubie, Nathan Constantin Leites, Sándor Lorand, Thomas Mann (1875-1955), Enid McLeod, Margaret Mead (1901-1978), David Rapaport, Hanns Sachs, Raymond de Saussure, Milton J. E. Senn, Hans Speier, René A. Spitz, Lionel Trilling, and Sir John Wheeler Wheeler-Bennett. The Speeches and Writings File contains reprints of articles and reviews together with typed and handwritten drafts, lecture notes, transcripts of discussion groups, and ancillary material documenting most of Kris's professional career. Articles and reviews pertain to his early career as associate curator at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna in the 1920s and 1930s, and many of the writings reflect the intersection of Kris's two areas of study. The books file includes a typed draft of an unpublished work “Caricature: an Essay on Its History and Meaning,” which Kris co-authored with art historian Ernst H. Gombrich and material related to The Origins of Psychoanalysis which complements the correspondence of Anna Freud and Princess Marie Bonaparte. Research papers issued by the Research Project on Totalitarian Communication relating to psychological analysis of Nazi broadcast propaganda during World War II were funded by the Rockefeller Foundation. A collaborative effort with numerous members, the project was codirected by Kris and Hans Speier and resulted in the publication of German Radio Propaganda in 1944. The Miscellany series contains awards, biographical material, clippings, immigration and citizenship records, printed matter, and material related to professional appointments and memberships.

Organization of the Papers The collection is arranged in six series:

Ernst Kris Papers 5 • Family Correspondence, 1940-1967 • General Correspondence, 1893-1975 • Speeches and Writings File, 1900-1996 • Miscellany, 1900-1999 • Closed, 1940-1967 • Oversize, 1937

Ernst Kris Papers 6 Description of Series

Container Series BOX 1 Family Correspondence, 1940-1967

BOX 1-14 General Correspondence, 1893-1975 Letters received and copies of letters sent. Arranged alphabetically by name of individual or organization or topic and thereunder chronologically.

BOX 15-21 Speeches and Writings File, 1900-1996 Printed, typed, and holograph copies of articles, bibliographies, books, discussion transcripts, lecture notes, research papers, and reviews together with notes, correspondence, and ancillary material. Arranged alphabetically by author, format, or title and thereunder chronologically.

BOX 21-22 Miscellany, 1900-1999 Awards, biographical material, clippings, immigration records, obituaries, memorials, printed matter, and items related to professional appointments and memberships. Arranged alphabetically by topic or type of material and thereunder chronologically.

BOX X 1 Closed, 1940-1967 Family correspondence and a case history. Arranged and described according to the series, containers, and folders from which the items were removed.

BOX OV 1 Oversize, 1937 Award. Arranged and described according to the series, container, and folder from which the item was removed.

Ernst Kris Papers 7 Container List

Container Contents

BOX 1 Family Correspondence, 1940-1967

BOX 1 See Closed

BOX 1-14 General Correspondence, 1893-1975 Letters received and copies of letters sent. Arranged alphabetically by name of individual or organization or topic and thereunder chronologically.

BOX 1 Abrams, Mark A. See Container 2, same heading Adorno, Theodor W., 1952 Aichhorn, August, 1945-1947 American Jewish Committee, New York, N.Y., 1940-1946, undated (2 folders) American Orthopsychiatric Association, 1943-1954 American Psychoanalytic Association Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 1948-1956, undated Miscellany, 1941-1954, undated (2 folders) Arthur Davison Ficke Foundation, 1950-1956 (3 folders) Ascoli, Max See Container 10, same heading Austen Riggs Foundation, 1948-1952 See also Container 12, Rapaport, David Axelrad, Sidney, 1943-1956, undated “A” miscellaneous, 1940-1956, undated (2 folders) BOX 2 Bacon, Deborah, 1948-1950, undated Barry, Iris, 1945-1949 Bellak, Leopold, 1940-1956 Benjamin, Robert, 1945-1947 Bergman, Mary Vari, 1940-1945, undated Bernays, Edward L., 1942 Bernfeld, Siegfried and Suzanne Cassirer, 1942-1955 Bing, Gertrud, 1943-1946 Bonaparte, Princess Marie, 1942-1953 Bondy, Lisa and Oskar, 1941-1948 Bonnard, Augusta, 1941-1953 Brenman, Margaret, 1945-1955, undated British Broadcasting Corp., London, England Abrams, Mark A., 1940-1943 Bach, Hilda, 1940-1942 Miscellany, 1940-1942, 1956, undated

Ernst Kris Papers 8 General Correspondence, 1893-1975 Container Contents

Outhwaite, Alison, 1940-1942 Salt, John Scarlett Alexander and Olive, 1940-1956, undated (2 folders) BOX 3 Telegrams re German propaganda, 1940 Brody, Sylvia, 1947-1956 Burlingham, Dorothy T., 1940-1950, undated “B” miscellaneous, 1940-1957, undated (7 folders) Cantril, Hadley, 1940-1944 Cassier Bernfeld, Suzanne See Container 2, Bernfeld, Siegfried and Suzanne Cassirer Childs, Stephen Lawford, 1940-1941, undated Clare, John, research regarding, 1893, 1946-1949, undated See also Container 11, Nicholes, Eleanor BOX 4 College of the City of New York, New York, N.Y., 1947-1950, undated “C” miscellaneous, 1940-1957, undated (2 folders) Delmár, Emil, 1942 Deutsch, Felix and Helene, 1940, 1954-1956, undated Doob, Leonard William, 1940-1943 Doubleday and Company, Inc. See same container, Epstein, Jason “D” miscellaneous, 1941-1956, undated Eissler, K. R. and Ruth Selke, 1948-1956, undated See also Container 13, Sigmund Freud Archives; for additional material see Container 11, Psychoanalytic Study of the Child Epstein, Jason, 1956 Erikson, Erik H., 1951-1952, undated “E” miscellaneous, 1940-1956, undated (2 folders) Fenichel, Hanna, 1952-1953 Fenichel, Otto, 1940-1946 (4 folders) Ficke, Gladys See Container 1, Arthur Davison Ficke Foundation Fisko, Adam, 1950-1951, undated Finkelstein, Louis, 1947-1956 BOX 5 Fliess, Conrad and Robert W., 1940, 1946, 1955-1956 Foreign Policy Association, 1941 Frankl, Liselotte, 1940-1953, undated Freud family Freud, Anna, 1940-1957, 1975 For additional material see Container 17, The Origins of Psychoanalysis and Container 22, Obituaries and Memorials (13 folders) BOX 6 Freud, Ernst L., 1940-1956, undated (2 folders) Freud, Sigmund, 1921-1931 (copies) Miscellany, 1941, 1947, undated Frosch, John C. See Container 1, Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association “F” miscellaneous, 1940-1956, undated (2 folders)

Ernst Kris Papers 9 General Correspondence, 1893-1975 Container Contents

Geleerd, Elisabeth R., 1940-1942 Gitelson, Maxwell, 1951-1957 Glover, Edward, 1941-1952 Gold, Mary Jayne, 1945-1951 Goldstein, Jacob, 1948-1955, undated Gombrich, Ernst H., 1940-1956, undated (4 folders) Gorer, Geoffrey, 1941-1952, undated Gosselin, Raymond, 1949-1953 Greenacre, Phyllis, 1944-1957, undated Greenson, Ralph R., 1953-1956 BOX 7 “G” miscellaneous, 1938-1956, undated (3 folders) Hartmann, Heinz, 1940-1941, 1955, undated Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., 1948-1950 Heller, Peter, 1951-1956 Hoffer, Hedwig Schaxel and Willi, 1940-1956, undated For additional material see Container 22, Obituaries and Memorials (5 folders) Hunt, Joseph McVicker, 1949-1952 “H” miscellaneous, 1940-1956, undated (4 folders) BOX 8 Imago Publishing Co., 1941-1954, undated International Psycho-Analytical Association, 1949-1956 International Universities Press, 1945-1952 “I” miscellaneous, 1942-1943, 1953 James Jackson Putnam Children's Center, Roxbury, Mass., 1947-1953, undated Jones, Ernest, 1934, 1940-1956, 1968, undated “J” miscellaneous, 1941-1956, undated Kastenbaum, Alice, 1949-1950, undated Kubie, Lawrence S., 1940-1957, undated (4 folders) Kurth, Betty and Gertrud M., 1940-1950 “K” miscellaneous, 1940-1957, undated (4 folders) Laforgue, René, 1945-1946, 1953 Lampl, Hans, and Jeanne Lampl-de Groot, 1946-1948 Lampl-de Groot, Jeanne See same container, Lampl, Hans, and Jeanne Lampl-de Groot BOX 9 Lantos, Barbara, 1948-1949 Laski, Harold Joseph, 1941 Lasswell, Harold Dwight, 1940-1956, undated Leites, Nathan Constantin, 1944-1945, undated Lerner, Edna A. and Max, 1950-1953 Lewin, Bertram D., 1941-1956, undated Lesser, Simon O., 1942, 1948-1954, undated (3 folders) Lichtenstein, Heinz, 1948-1950

Ernst Kris Papers 10 General Correspondence, 1893-1975 Container Contents

Loehr, August, 1945-1956 Loewenstein, Rudolph Maurice, 1945, 1956 Lorand, Sándor, 1943, 1951-1955 “L” miscellaneous, 1940-1957 (3 folders) Mann, Thomas (1875-1955), 1940-1945, 1955 Mannheim, Julia and Karl, 1940-1946, 1952 Margold, Nathan R., 1940-1941 Margolin, Sydney G., 1950-1955 McLeod, Enid 1940-1943 (2 folders) BOX 10 1944-1956, undated (3 folders) Mead, Margaret (1901-1978), 1941-1948 Murray, Harry A., 1949-1953, undated “M” miscellaneous, 1940-1956, undated (4 folders) New School for Social Research, New York, N.Y. Ascoli, Max, 1940-1941 Johnson, Alvin, 1941-1944, undated Kallen, Horace Meyer, 1941-1950 Miscellany, 1941-1953, undated (3 folders) New York Psychoanalytic Institute, New York, N.Y. 1941-1944 BOX 11 1945-1957, 1965, undated (7 folders) New York Psychoanalytic Society, New York, N.Y. See Containers 10 and 11, New York Psychoanalytic Institute Nicholes, Eleanor, 1946-1954, undated See also Container 3, Clare, John “N” miscellaneous, 1940-1956, undated “O” miscellaneous, 1940-1957 Pfister, Oskar, 1952 Procter-Gregg, Nancy, 1947-1956 Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 1941-1956 Psychoanalytic Study of the Child (serial), 1945-1954, undated Putnam, Marion C. See Container 8, James Jackson Putnam Children's Center “Pa-Pe” miscellaneous, 1940-1956, undated BOX 12 “Pf-Ps” miscellaneous, 1940-1957, undated (2 folders) Rank, Beata See Container 8, James Jackson Putnam Children's Center Rapaport, David, 1944-1957 See also Container 1, Austen Riggs Foundation (3 folders) Redlich, Frederick C., 1947-1956 Reik, Theodor, 1940-1941 Rickman, John, 1941-1949

Ernst Kris Papers 11 General Correspondence, 1893-1975 Container Contents

Rockefeller Foundation, 1940-1952 Rosen, Victor H., 1952-1956, undated Rosenthal, Arthur J., 1950-1956 Rosten, Leo Calvin, 1946-1948, undated “R” miscellaneous, 1940-1957, undated (4 folders) Sachs, Hanns, 1940-1941 Salt, John See Container 2, same heading Saussure, Raymond de, 1940-1950 Schapiro, Meyer, 1940-1950 BOX 13 Schick, Heidi, 1948-1956 Schick, Martha and family, 1940-1941, undated Schwabacher, Wolfgang S., 1946-1951 Schwarz, Elizabeth, 1940-1943 Senn, Milton J. E., 1948-1954 Shor, Joel, 1948-1954, undated Sigmund Freud Archives, New York, N.Y., 1950-1956 See also Container 4, Eissler, K. R. and Ruth Selke Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1947 Speier, Hans, 1940-1949, undated Spitz, René A., 1941-1957 Stone, Alan and Gloria, 1954-1955, undated Strachey, James, 1946-1956 Symonds, Percival Mallon, 1941-1953 “Sa-Sto” miscellaneous, 1939-1957, undated (6 folders) BOX 14 “Str-Sz” miscellaneous, 1940-1954, undated Topeka Institute for Psychoanalysis, Topeka, Kans., 1942-1953 Topeka Psychoanalytic Society, Topeka, Kans. See same container, Topeka Institute for Psychoanalysis Trilling, Lionel, 1948-1950 “T” miscellaneous, 1940-1954 “U-V” miscellaneous, 1941-1954 Waelder, Robert, 1941-1957 Weilgart, Wolfgang J., 1950-1957 Wheeler-Bennett, John Wheeler, Sir, 1940-1944, undated Wolf, Klara C., 1943-1952 Wolfenstein, Martha, 1948-1956 “W” miscellaneous, 1940-1957, undated (3 folders) “Y-Z” miscellaneous, 1948-1956 Unidentified, 1940-1953, undated

Ernst Kris Papers 12 Speeches and Writings File, 1900-1996 Container Contents

Arranged alphabetically by author, format, or title and thereunder chronologically.

BOX 15 By Kris Bibliographies, 1958-1963, undated Articles and reviews 1923-1946 (12 folders) BOX 16 1947-1956, 1962, 1991, 1996 (12 folders) BOX 17 Undated (4 folders) Books “Caricature: an Essay on Its History and Meaning,” with Ernst H. Gombrich, undated (3 folders) Origins of Psychoanalysis: Letters to Wilhelm Fliess, Drafts and Notes, 1887-1902, edited with Princess Marie Bonaparte and Anna Freud, introduction by Kris (1954), 1900, 1946-1947, undated (4 folders) Selected Papers of Ernst Kris (1975), 1974-1976, undated BOX 18 Discussions, 1942-1956, undated (5 folders) Lectures Announcements and programs, 1929-1956, undated Notes 1944-1946 (4 folders) BOX 19 1947-1952, undated (7 folders) Notes, 1945-1946, undated (6 folders) BOX 20 By Kris and others Research Project on Totalitarian Communication, New York, N.Y., research papers, 1941-1944 (6 folders) BOX 21 By others About Kris, 1967, 1989 Comic books, elections, and other research, 1943-1945, undated Freud, Anna, 1922, 1950-1952 Miscellany, 1940-1957, undated (5 folders)

BOX 21 Address lists, undated

Ernst Kris Papers 13 Miscellany, 1900-1999 Container Contents

Appointment book, 1942, 1950 Awards, 1937 See also Oversize BOX 22 Biographical material, 1944, 1950, undated Case history, 1946 See Closed Clippings, 1934-1947, 1995 Freud family tree, undated Immigration and citizenship, 1900, 1917-1956 (4 folders) Kris, Anton O., 1993, 1999 Obituaries and memorials, 1957, undated Photographs, undated Printed matter, 1918, 1936-1944, 1998, undated (3 folders) Professional appointments and memberships, 1938-1955, undated

BOX X 1 Closed, 1940-1967 Family correspondence and a case history. Arranged and described according to the series, containers, and folders from which the items were removed.

BOX X 1 Family Correspondence Kris, Elizabeth M. Christine, 1940-1949, 1967 (Container 1) Kris, Hedwig and Paul, 1940-1949, undated (Container 1) (10 folders) Ruhm, Berta Maria (“Mia”) Kris, 1940-1950 (Container 1) Miscellany Case history, 1946 (Container 22)

BOX OV 1 Oversize, 1937 Award. Arranged and described according to the series, container, and folder from which the item was removed.

BOX OV 1 Miscellany Awards, 1937 (Container 21)

Ernst Kris Papers 14