Index

Meeting Information 2 Programme Schedule – Thursday morning 4 Programme Schedule – Thursday early afternoon 5 Programme Schedule – Thursday late afternoon 6 Programme Schedule – Friday morning 7 Programme Schedule – Friday early afternoon 8 Programme Schedule – Friday late afternoon 9 Programme Schedule – Saturday morning 10 Plenary Talks 11 Highlighted Talks 13 Heredity Special Issue 14 Posters 16 Participants 18 Churchill College map 21 St John’s College map 22 Cambridge map 23

1 Meeting Information

Registration Registration opens at 4pm on Wednesday 4th January in the main concourse at Churchill College. There will be a self-service buffet served from 17:45 to 21:00 in the main dining hall.

B&B Accommodation For those who have accommodation included in their registration fee, check-in is from 2pm on Wednesday 4th January at the Porters’ Lodge. Breakfast will be served in the main dining hall from 07:30 – 09:30 each morning. Check out is no later than 10:00 on Saturday 7th. Storage will be provided for your luggage after check out, please ask at the Porters’ Lodge for more details.

Meals and Refreshments Lunch, dinner and refreshment times are detailed on the programme schedule. Lunch and dinner are served in the main dining hall, coffee and tea are served in the Buttery. The bar will be open until 1am every evening and real ale will be available (while stocks last!).

Conference Dinner The Conference Dinner will be held at St John’s College on Friday 6th. Pre-dinner drinks will be served at 18:30 in the Old Divinity School on St Johns Street. The dinner will be served in the main Hall at 19:15 followed by a Ceilidh in the Fisher Building at 21:30. Locations are marked on the map on page 22. St John’s College is approximately a 20 minute walk/5 minute taxi journey from Churchill College.

Talks The plenary talks will take place in the Wolfson Hall, and contributed sessions will take place in the Wolfson Hall, Jack Colville Hall and Fellows’ Dining Room. Plenary talks will last for 50 minutes, including questions. Contributed talk slots each last for 20 minutes, allowing 15 minutes of presentation, 4 minutes of questions, and 1 minute to allow people to change rooms. We ask that the last speaker in each session chairs the four talks before them, and we request that chairs rigorously enforce the timings. They will be aided in this by the PopGroup volunteers. Windows PCs will be available for PowerPoint and pdf presentations – please upload your talk directly onto the PC in the break before. An AV Technician will be present in each room to assist.

Posters Posters should be size A0 in portrait orientation, and the boards will be located in the main concourse near to the bar area. Please find your poster number on pages 16 & 17, and attach your poster to the board with your number on it. Please put your poster up as soon as you arrive at the meeting, and take it down after the end of the last talk on Saturday. There will be an official poster session on Thursday evening (from 17:45) during which you should stand near to your poster. Posters will also be available for viewing during registration (the bar will be open), and during coffee and lunch. Please make use of the opportunity to look at them! Drinks are sponsored by Nature Ecology & Evolution.

Poster/talk prizes and voting This year there will be two prizes awarded: the best student poster and the best student talk. The prizes have been generously sponsored by Nature Ecology and Evolution, and will be handed out at the Conference Dinner, before the Ceilidh. Following the tradition set in recent years, everyone will have an opportunity to vote for the winners. Student talks are marked (S). Each person will vote once in each competition – and you will be given a voting slip in your registration bag. Please remember to hand-in your votes for students and posters on Friday.

2 Meeting Information

Social media and photographs We do not have a strong social media policy. Expect a few people to tweet your talk (#PGG50) if they enjoy it, and some people might want to photograph your poster. If you don’t want them to do this, just tell them at the start of your talk, or put a note on your poster board.

Business meeting There will be a business meeting on Friday, at the end of the lunch break (13:10, in the Fellows’ Dining Room). This meeting will discuss the make-up and management of future Population Genetics Group meetings, and everyone is encouraged to attend. Even if you don’t plan to organise Pop Group, it’s worth coming along to hear what people have to say.

Parking Parking is available at Churchill College at no extra charge. Please see the map on page 21 for locations.

Games Room The JCR Games Room is situated at the end of the main concourse, next to the Buttery, and will be available to all.

PopGroup50 has been organised by:

Organising Committee: Volunteers: Chris Jiggins Tariq Desai Frank Jiggins Joe Hanly John Welch Helen Legget Aylwyn Scally Ana Pinharanda Andrea Manica Kathy Darragh Rebecca Richmond-Smith Conference Secretary: Casper Lumby Poppy Roth

3 50th Population Genetics Group 2017 Thursday 5th January - Morning Session 1 Session 2 Session 3 The Wolfson Hall Jock Colville Hall Fellows' Dining Room 08:50 - 09:00 Welcome and information Introduction to PopGroup 50 by 09:00 - 09:10 Professor John Brookfield - - 09:10 - 10:00 Plenary: Nancy Moran Microbiome evolution in social bees 10:00 - 10:40 Coffee 10:40 - 11:00 Simon H. Martin Marina Rafajlovic Toby Fountain Exploring evolutionary relationships across A universal mechanism generating clusters Predictable allele frequency changes due to the genome using topology weighting of differentiated loci during divergence-with- habitat fragmentation in the Glanville migration fritillary butterfly

4 11:00 - 11:20 Markus Möst Amy Slender (S) F. Gözde Cilingir (S) Selection and gene flow at major colour Barriers to arid zone gene flow create Can applied conservation genomics help to pattern loci in mimetic Heliconius butterflies genetic divergence in parapatric subspecies save the critically endangered Burmese roofed turtle (Batagur trivittata) in the wild? 11:20 - 11:40 Emma Curran (S) Harald Ringbauer (S) Jinliang Wang The genetic basis of convergent iridescent Estimating barriers to gene flow from Genetic recapture: a general framework for colouration in Heliconius butterflies distorted isolation by distance patterns understanding wild population demography 11:40 - 12:00 Venkat Talla (S) Hannes Svardal Chris Clarkson Speciation genomics in cryptic European Hybridisation and gene flow in the Lake The Anopheles gambiae 1000 Genomes wood-white butterflies. Malawi cichlid adaptive radiation – Locating Project: population genomics and vector introgression and non-tree-like ancestry on control a large phylogeny 12:00 - 12:20 John Davey Susana Freitas (S) Alexander Esin (S) No evidence for a role for inversions in Deep branch gene flow in an hybridization The genetic basis of erythrocyte sickling in maintaining species barriers between rich speciation process deer Heliconius melpomene and Heliconius cydno

12:20 - 13:50 Lunch 50th Population Genetics Group 2017 Thursday 5th January - Early afternoon Session 1 Session 2 Session 3 The Wolfson Hall Jock Colville Hall Fellows' Dining Room 13:50 - 14:10 Susana Coelho Maulik Upadhyay (S) Bjarki Eldon UV sex chromosome evolution in seaweeds Genetic differentiation of primitive cattle Rapid adaptation in highly fecund breeds illustrate aurochs (Bos primigenius) populations admixture 14:10 - 14:30 J. Mark Cock Himani Sachdeva Denis Roze Genetic regulators of life cycle transitions in Evolution of Assortative Mating in a Effects of interference between selected loci the brown alga Ectocarpus Polygenic Trait Model of Speciation with in partially selfing populations Gene Flow 5 14:30 - 14:50 Berrit Kiehl (S) Hannes Becher (S) Jenny James (S) Sperm Mediated Epigenetic Effects in The history of introgression across a hybrid Genetic diversity and the efficiency of Zebrafish (Danio rerio). zone inferred from two transcriptomes selection 14:50 - 15:10 Matthew Hartfield Leslie Turner Jörn Frederik Gerchen (S) The Facultative Sex Coalescent with Do hybrid sterility loci show distinctive Y-chromosome introgression among species Recombination and Gene Conversion signatures in the genomic landscape of and cytotypes of a dioecious herb differentiation between house mouse subspecies? 15:10 - 15:30 Darren J. Parker Marius Wenzel Gemma Murray What happens to sex-biased gene Towards identifying the genomic basis of pre-Passenger pigeon genomes reveal the cost expression following a transition to zygotic reproductive isolation in a sympatric of natural selection for a large population asexuality? species complex of intertidal isopods (Jaera albifrons) 15:30 - 16:10 Coffee 50th Population Genetics Group 2017 Thursday 5th January - Late afternoon Session 1 Session 2 Session 3 The Wolfson Hall Jock Colville Hall Fellows' Dining Room 16:10 - 16:30 Karl Phillips Jerome Kelleher Jeanne Tonnabel Do novel immune alleles give hosts an Processing variant data for millions of Influence of male-male competition on the advantage over local parasites? samples evolution of sexual dimorphism in a wind-pollinated herb 16:30 - 16:50 Joel M. Alves Jack Kamm Takeshi Kawakami Exomes of historical and modern rabbit momi2: A new method to compute the joint Patterns of linkage disequilibrium in populations reveal parallel adaptation to sample frequency spectrum of multiple flycatcher genomes clarify the causes and myxoma virus across two continents populations consequences of fine-scale recombination rate variation in birds 16:50 - 17:10 Beth Gibson (S) Thomas Taus (S) Alison Wright Investigating the relationship between the Quantifying selection with Pool-seq time Role of sexual selection in guppy sex substitution rate and genome size of series data chromosome formation 6 bacteria. 17:10 - 17:30 Jane Charlesworth Thomas Bataillon Domino Joyce Do bacterial pathogens have smaller Inference of distribution of fitness effects The genomics of polymorphism in a sexually genomes than their non-pathogenic and proportion of adaptive substitutions selected trait relatives? from polymorphism data 17:30 - 17:50 Emma Hodcroft Champak Beeravolu Reddy Falk Hildebrand Using DSPS-HIV Simulations and A Flexible Inference of Complex Population Discovery and microevolution of a new Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Under- Histories and Recombination from Multiple bacterial species sampled Hosts in the UK Heterosexual HIV Genomes Epidemic 17:45 - 19:45 Poster Session and Supper 19:45 - 20:15 Fisher Memorial Trust Talk: Marek Kohn, author of A Reason For Everything - - Your Fractious Founding Fathers: What Genetics Meant to R.A. Fisher and J.B.S. Haldane 50th Population Genetics Group 2017 Friday 6th January - Morning Session 1 Session 2 Session 3 The Wolfson Hall Jock Colville Hall Fellows' Dining Room 09:00 - 09:10 Welcome and information

09:10 - 10:00 Plenary: Doris Bachtrog - - Chromatin sinks & sex-specific aging in Drosophila: a role for the Y chromosome? 10:00 - 10:40 Coffee 10:40 - 11:00 Tom Hill Lea van de Graaf (S) Frank Chan Transposable element divergence in the Selecting for spots: phenotypic plasticity in Longshanks Selection Experiment I: Drosophila pseudoobscura group the Harlequin ladybird Genomics of Selection for a Gain Trait 11:00 - 11:20 Robert Kofler Tamsin Majerus David Richardson Dynamics of a natural P-element invasion in Using RAD-sequencing to investigate the Telomeres reveal the (hidden) effects of

7 experimentally evolving populations of D. Genetic Control of Colour-pattern in the 2- inbreeding and environmental variation in a simulans spot and 10-spot ladybirds. passerine bird. 11:20 - 11:40 Juraj Bergman (S) Eckart Stolle Henry Barton (S) Transcription-associated compositional Large-scale structural rearrangements in the Quantifying the mutation and selection skews in Drosophila genes fire ant genome. pressures on insertions and deletions in the great tit (Parus major) using a novel maximum likelihood approach. 11:40 - 12:00 Christian Schlötterer Matthias Weissensteiner (S) Lewis Spurgin Gene transfers onto the Drosophila Y Going the long (molecule) way: Detecting The footprint of natural selection on chromosome are not rare, but their rates structural features influencing genetics, morphology and behavior in a wild differ among species recombination rate via SMRT-seq and bird optical mapping in the crow genome 12:00 - 12:20 Brian Charlesworth Alistair McGregor Ludovic Dutoit (S) Inferring parameters of positive selection The house spider genome reveals a whole Co-variation in levels of nucleotide diversity from the relation between synonymous genome duplication during arachnid in homologous regions of the avian genome diversity and rate of protein sequence evolution long after completion of lineage sorting evolution in Drosophila 12:20 - 13:45 Lunch 50th Population Genetics Group 2017 Friday 6th January - Early afternoon Session 1 Session 2 Session 3 The Wolfson Hall Jock Colville Hall Fellows' Dining Room 13:10 - 13:45 Business Meeting in the Fellows' Dining Room 13:45 - 14:30 Plenary: Howard Ochman The Extraordinary Evolution of the Human - - Microbiome 14:30 - 14:50 Jose Campos Deborah Charlesworth Emeline Favreau (S) The effects of sex-biased gene expression Evolution of sex-biased gene expression in a Genetic architecture of social organisation in 8 and X-linkage on rates of adaptive sequence dioecious plant the ant Pheidole pallidula evolution in Drosophila 14:50 - 15:10 Cláudia Mendes Guillaume Cossard (S) Paris Veltsos The genetic basis of genital evolution among A rapid shift from dioecy to Comparison of gene expression between XX Drosophila species hermaphroditism in response to severe and XY males in the common frog mate limitation in an annual plant 15:10 - 15:30 Kai Zeng Marie Voillemot (S) Thomas Wolfe (S) Estimating variation in both the effective Can pollen quantity and quality explain Molecular basis of phenotypic divergence population size and the mutation rate across differential siring success between self- between two orchid species (Dactylorhiza) the genome in a non-equilibrium population compatible and –incompatible individuals of with distinct ecological optima a perennial plant? 15:30 - 16:10 Coffee 50th Population Genetics Group 2017 Friday 6th January - Late afternoon Session 1 Session 2 Session 3 The Wolfson Hall Jock Colville Hall Fellows' Dining Room 16:10 - 16:30 Eran Elhaik Vicencio Oostra Matthew Ackerman From ancient DNA to ancient cities in 5 Pervasive adaptive plasticity limits Quantitative genetics with structured seconds evolutionary potential to environmental populations. change 16:30 - 16:50 Richard Durbin Marcos Siqueira Daniel Jeffares A hidden Markov model approach to the Genetic diversity in Copaifera langsdorffii Transient structural variations have strong analysis of ancient introgression Desf: Results from RADseq data for a effects on quantitative traits and tropical tree species at different biomes. reproductive isolation in fission yeast. 16:50 - 17:10 Nina Hollfelder (S) James Borrell (S) Stefanie Belohlavy (S) 9 Demographic history of Northeast Africa Combining markers with different mutation Can the infinitesimal model explain artificial revealed by genome wide population rates to infer the population genetic selection? genetic data. consequences of fragmentation in dwarf birch 17:10 - 17:30 Josephine Pemberton Wen-Juan Ma Anders Bergström (S) Inbreeding depression by environment A novel reproductive trait conferring high Human population genetics of Papua New interactions in a free-living mammal siring success is associated with postzygotic Guinea population. isolation in an annual plant 17:30 - 17:50 Simon Aeschbacher John Pannell Alina Niskanen The Strength of Selection Against Hallmarks of early sex-chromosome Inbreeding depression in lifetime Neanderthal Introgression evolution in the dioecious plant Mercurialis reproductive success of house sparrows annua 18:30 Pre-dinner drinks in the Old Divinity School 19:15 St John's College Dinner 50th Population Genetics Group 2017 Saturday 7th January - Morning Session 1 Session 2 Session 3 The Wolfson Hall Jock Colville Hall Fellows' Dining Room 09:00 - 09:10 Welcome and information

09:10 - 10:00 Plenary: Eske Willerslev - - Human migrations and megafaunal extinctions 10:00 - 10:40 Coffee 10:40 - 11:00 Nick Barton Einar Arnason Kerstin Johannesson How many traits can be optimised by Codweb: whole-genome sequencing What explains rare and conspicuous colours selection? uncovers extensive reticulations among in a snail? A test of time-series data against Atlantic, Arctic, and Pacific cod-fish models of drift, migration or selection 10 11:00 - 11:20 Barbora Trubenova Andrew MacColl Anja Marie Westram Surfing on the seascape: when frequent Genetic parallelism in multiple adaptive Studying the genomic basis of ecotype environmental change prevents extinction radiations of three-spined stickleback. divergence in hybrid zones of marine snails 11:20 - 11:40 Adam Eyre-Walker Agnieszka Kloch Angus Davison Is there coadaptation between the nuclear Selection acting on toll-like receptors in Evolution of chiral shells from chiral cells and mitochondrial genomes? bank voles 11:40 - 12:00 Sam Lewis Stuart Piertney Dave Lunt The evolution of arthropod small RNA Genetic structure within and between deep- Comparative genomics of sexual and asexual pathways ocean trenches in the hadal amphipod nematodes - origins, ploidy, and molecular Bathycallisoma. evolution 12:00 - 12:20 Mark Blaxter Vera Warmuth Tobias Warnecke The hidden history of Wolbachia coevolution Demographic inference from the site Evolutionary persistence and physiological with nematodes frequency spectrum: a comparison of costs of self-splicing introns RADseq vs whole genome sequencing in pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) 12:20 - 13:45 Lunch Plenary Talks

All plenary talks take place in the Wolfson Hall

Thursday 5th January, 09:10 Microbiome evolution in social bees Nancy Moran, Professor Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin

Animals are associated with communities of microorganisms that can have a major influence on the evolution and phenotypes of their hosts. The extent to which these microbial lineages coevolve with hosts and with each other is often unclear, as are the kinds of genetic changes that accompany this evolution. Social bees are associated with a set of well-defined and host-restricted bacterial lineages that make up the gut microbiota. The results presented address the extent to which these have evolved along with their hosts, how they affect host biology, and the kinds of genetic changes that have accompanied this evolution.

Friday 6th January, 09:10 Chromatin sinks & sex-specific aging in Drosophila: a role for the Y chromosome? Doris Bachtrog, Professor of Evolutionary Genomics Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley

Heterochromatin suppresses repetitive DNA, and a loss of heterochromatin has been observed in aged cells of several species, including humans and Drosophila. Males often contain substantially more heterochromatic DNA than females, due to the presence of a large, repeat-rich Y chromosome, and male flies generally have shorter average life spans than females. Despite a lack of active genes, Y chromosomes in Drosophila influence expression of 100s of genes genome-wide, possibly by sequestering key components of the heterochromatin machinery away from other positions in the genome. To directly test the influence of the Y chromosome on the genome-wide chromatin landscape, we assayed the genomic distribution of histone modifications associated with heterochromatin (H3K9me2 and H3K9me3) in fruit flies with varying sex chromosome complements (X0, XY and XYY males; XX and XXY females). We show that both the presence and the number of Y chromosomes strongly influence genome-wide enrichment patterns of repressive chromatin modifications, and the additional Y chromosome in XYY males and XXY females diminishes the heterochromatic signal in normally silenced, repeat-rich regions, which is accompanied by an increase in expression of Y-linked repeats. Thus, Y chromosomes influence heterochromatin integrity genome- wide. In addition, we show that repetitive DNA becomes de-repressed more rapidly in old male flies relative to females, and repeats on the Y chromosome are disproportionally re-activated during aging. This is associated with a loss of heterochromatin and an enrichment of active histone marks at repetitive elements during aging in male flies, and a general redistribution of repressive chromatin marks in aged males away from pericentromeric regions and the Y. By generating flies with different sex chromosome karyotypes (XXY females and X0 and XYY males), we show that repeat de-repression and average lifespan is directly correlated with the number of Y chromosomes. Thus, sex-specific chromatin differences contribute to sex-specific aging in flies.

11 Plenary Talks

Friday 6th January, 13:45 The Extraordinary Evolution of the Human Microbiome Howard Ochman, Professor Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin

Despite the large body of work concerning the human microbiome and its role in human health, there is little information about how the microbiome evolves or the factors causing differentiation among species. Analysis of the gut microbiomes of great ape species, including humans, revealed that the phylogeny based on microbiome compositions was congruent with the known relationships of the hosts. Our investigations of the microbiomes of great apes have informed several other features of the human microbiome, including the influence of numerous proximate factors, such as geography, gender, and disease state, on microbiome composition. Additionally, the gut microbial communities of humans assort into enterotypes, i.e., groups having discrete species compositions, and there is on- going debate about the cause, function, and even the existence of enterotypes. We found that wild chimpanzees and gorillas also possess gut enterotypes, and, interestingly, they are compositionally similar to those in humans. Thus, stratification of microbial communities into enterotypes preceded the divergence of great ape species and did not originate in humans as a result of modern diets, as has been speculated. Furthermore, by comparing the gut microbiomes of great ape species in a phylogenetic context, we reconstructed how the human microbiome evolved during great ape diversification. We found that human gut microbiomes have been diverging at a greatly accelerated rate since our split from other great apes due to the loss of microbial diversity at every taxonomic level and that individual strains within the microbiome have be co-diversifying with hosts.

Saturday 7th January, 09:10 Human migrations and megafaunal extinctions Eske Willerslev, Professor of Evolution and Ecology Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge

Research involving ancient DNA has experienced a true technological revolution in recent years through advances in the recovery of ancient DNA and, particularly, through applications of high- throughput sequencing. Formerly restricted to the analysis of only limited amounts of genetic information, ancient DNA studies have now progressed to whole-genome sequencing for an increasing number of ancient individuals and extinct species. In this talk I will provide an overview of recent findings done by my group. This concerns what we have learned on early peopling of the Americas, early peopling of Eurasia, and Australia as well the more recent human history of Europe and central Asia. I will also talk about some of our studies related to the population dynamics and extinction of the big bodied mammals (megafauna) around the end of the last Ice Age.

12 Highlighted Talks

Genetics Society - Sir Kenneth Mather Memorial Prize The Wolfson Hall Thursday 5th January, 10:40

Exploring evolutionary relationships across the genome using topology weighting Simon H. Martin, Steven M. Van Belleghem

A given set of taxa can be related in a limited number of ways, but if each taxon is represented by multiple sequences the number of possible topologies becomes very large. I will introduce the concept of topology weighting, which provides a means for quantifying relationships between taxa that are not necessarily monophyletic, and visualising how these relationships change across the genome. Topology weighting reduces tree complexity by quantifying the contribution of each 'taxon topology' to the full tree. I will describe our method for topology weighting by iterative sampling of sub-trees (Twisst), and show results from both simulated and real genomic data, showing how this this versatile approach can be used to explore relationships in almost any genomic dataset.

______

Fisher Memorial Trust Talk The Wolfson Hall Thursday 5th January, 19:45

Your Fractious Founding Fathers: What Genetics Meant to R.A. Fisher and J.B.S. Haldane Marek Kohn, author of A Reason for Everything

Fisher and Haldane are remembered as founders of population genetics and of the ‘modern evolutionary synthesis’ that came together between the two world wars. Their approaches to biology had much in common, but also significant differences. So did their views about the implications of their science for society, and the role of the scientist in shaping the future.

13 Heredity Special Issue

A special issue of Heredity will be published to celebrate the PopGroup anniversary. The following is the Editorial from the special issue:

Genetic variation, selection and evolution: special issue in celebration of the 50th anniversary of the population genetics group meeting.

Roger Butlin and John Brookfield

In the last half-century, population genetics has seen many exciting advances. As Brian and Deborah Charlesworth discuss in this Special Issue, fundamental questions about the nature and extent of genetic variation within and among populations form a consistent backbone for the field but they have been tackled with ever greater power and resolution. Throughout this period, the annual Population Genetics Group meetings in the United Kingdom have provided a stimulus to research for scientists, particularly young scientists, from the UK and many other countries, particularly in the rest of Europe. The first meeting was held in Birmingham in January 1968 and the 50th Anniversary meeting will be held in Cambridge in January 2017. This Special Issue forms part of the celebration of that milestone.

Anyone who has attended ‘PopGroup’ will know that its meetings manage to combine friendly informality with scientific rigour, generating a highly stimulating environment, in which all ages and stages, and many specialist interests and nationalities, mix freely. Over the years, the numbers of presentations, both oral and in poster form, have grown, but junior scientists who have not yet submitted their PhD and the most eminent population geneticists continue to be treated equally in creating the programme. Many of today’s leading population geneticists gave their first conference talk, on their PhD work, at PopGroup. The mixture of subjects at the meetings has always encompassed measures of genetic variation in the wild and the forces acting on this variation, and there has been a constant search to interpret experimental and observational results in the light of underlying evolutionary and population genetic theory.

We have been attending for many years (RKB since the 1979/80 meeting and JFYB since the 1976/7 meeting, missing very few between us) and we are very happy to show our appreciation for the importance of PopGroup in our scientific careers by editing this collection. It is particularly appropriate that Heredity agreed to publish the Special Issue because there has been a close association between the journal and these meetings throughout. We are grateful to the Editor and his team for their support. Clearly, a small set of papers cannot properly represent the diversity of the current PopGroup community, with a typical meeting now having well over 200 participants and about 100 oral presentations, plus posters. However, we hope that we have captured some of the range of interests, with authors who are relatively new to the meetings as well as some very familiar contributors.

The Charlesworths’ historical overview (Charlesworth and Charlesworth, 2017) emphasises the interplay between theory and empirical work that is one of the great strengths of PopGroup meetings. Each of the other contributions reflects this general theme, challenging theoretical expectations in areas from inbreeding depression (Pemberton et al., 2017) to the genetic basis of quantitative trait evolution (Franssen and Schlötterer, 2017), with the data ranging from colour phenotypes (Johannesson and Butlin, 2017) to high-throughput sequencing (Pinharanda et al., 2017; bib5James et al., 2017). Some of the questions have been debated at many PopGroup meetings, such as the evolution of self-incompatibility (Mable et al., 2017) and metal tolerance (Sobczyk et al., 2017) or the importance of epistasis (Barton, 2017), while others are relatively new, such as the evolutionary significance of heritable symbionts (Corbin et al., 2017). All of these topics have one thing in common: they would attract an interested and constructively critical audience at a PopGroup meeting, with lively debate both within the sessions and around the bar. They represent the shared conviction of

14 Heredity Special Issue

the population genetics community that only through studying genetic variation within- and between- populations can a full understanding of evolutionary change be derived.

We are confident that the Population Genetics Group will continue to thrive, with many excellent young scientists attending recent meetings and appreciating their value. Long may it last!

1. Barton NH. (2017). How does epistasis influence the response to selection? 2. Charlesworth B, Charlesworth D. (2017). Population genetics from 1966–2016. 3. Corbin C, Heyworth ER, Ferrari J, Hurst CDD. (2017). Heritable symbionts in a world of varying temperature. 4. Franssen S, Schlötterer C. (2017). Uncovering the genetic signal of quantitative trait evolution with replicated time series data. 5. James J, Castellano D, Piganeau G, Eyre-Walker A. (2017). DNA sequence diversity and the efficiency of natural selection in animal mitochondrial DNA. 6. Johannesson K, Butlin RK. (2017). Colour polymorphisms in Littorina. 7. Mable BK, Stift M, Buckley J, Adam A, Kilbride E, Zha H-G et al. (2017). The paradox of recent mating system shifts in plants with genetically controlled self-incompatibility systems: why is loss of self-incompatibility only selected for in some populations? 8. Pemberton J, Elllis PE, Pilkington JG, Bérénos C. (2017). Inbreeding depression by environment interactions in a free-living mammal population. 9. Pinharanda A, Davey JW, Jiggins CD. (2017). The comparative landscape of unbalanced structural variations in Heliconius melpomene and Heliconius cydno. 10. Sobczyk MK, Smith JAC, Filatov DA. (2017). Evolution of metal hyperaccumulation in the Alyssum serpyllifolium species complex.

15 Posters

1) Gokce Akoz (S) - What explains the greater importance of seed traits to local adaptation polymorphism on a single chromosome in in Arabidopsis thaliana paleopolyploid Aquilegia? 19) Katie Emelianova (S) - Using RNA-seq to 2) Diala Abu Awad - The consequences of investigate the generation of diversity in the demographic stochasticity on fixation in self- genus Begonia fertilising populations 20) Isobel Eyres - The role of chemosensory genes 3) Alin Acuna (S) - Genomic signatures of glia to in host plant specialization and speciation in neuron ratio in mammals the pea aphid. 4) Claire Armstrong (S) - Selection and 21) Rui Faria - Insights into the extent of divergence across bottlenecked populations of hybridization between flat periwinkles an island endemic (Gastropoda) in the Iberian Peninsula 5) Bilal Ashraf - Using genomic estimated 22) Christelle Fraisse - Secondary introgression breeding values to detect (cryptic) between highly divergent sea squirt genomes microevolution 23) Toni Gossman - Evolutionary analysis of long 6) Jörg Bachmann (S) - Single-molecule real-time disordered protein regions in humans sequencing resolves multiple full-length 24) Joanna F.D. Hagen (S) - The genetic and haplotypes of the Brassicaceae self- developmental basis of genital evolution incompatibility locus between Drosophila species 7) Roberta Bergero - Ancestral and derived 25) Reinmar Hager - The effects of changing mitochondrial haplotypes associated with environments on phenotypic plasticity and different male fertility in a gynodioecious epigenetics in the cockroach Diploptera species punctate 8) Katharina Böndel - Does mutation number 26) Tom Hill - DNA virus evolution and associated predict fitness change under mutation host resistance accumulation? 27) Tin-Yu Hui (S) - The linkage disequilibrium and 9) Tom Booker (S) - Understanding variation in historical effective population size of nucleotide diversity across the genome of wild Anopheles mosquitoes in Burkina Faso house mice 28) Ben Jackson - Variation in the intensity of 10) Matthieu Boulesteix - High-Throughput selection on codon bias over time causes Sequencing of Transposable Elements contrasting patterns of base composition Insertions Suggests Adaptive Evolution of the evolution in Drosophila Invasive Asian Tiger Mosquito Towards 29) Maude Jacquot - Contrasting selective Temperate Environments patterns across the genome of a segmented 11) Melanie Brien (S) - The genetic basis of vector-borne virus in a reassortment hotspot iridescent colour in Heliconius butterflies 30) Daniel Jeffares - HMM analysis of transposon 12) Pragya Chaube (S) - Littorina saxatilis – mutagenesis in fission yeast. transcriptome assembly 31) Dan Jeffries - Towards the understanding of 13) Joe Colgan - Signatures of selection revealed sex chromosome evolution in frogs by population analyses of bumblebee 32) Tom Jenkins (S) - Population genomics of genomes across the United Kingdom. European lobster (Homarus gammarus) across 14) Fraser Combe - After the Ice Age: The Impact the northeast Atlantic of Post-Glacial Dispersal on the 33) Jack Kamm - Two-Locus Likelihoods Under Phylogeography of a Small Variable Population Size and Fine-Scale Mammal, Muscardinus avellanarius Recombination Rate Estimation 15) Pádraic Corcoran - Genome-wide evidence for 34) Kang-Wook Kim - Sperm morphology and adaptive evolution in two wild passerine swimming speed are controlled by a sex- species with different effective population linked supergene in the zebra finch sizes 35) Athanasios Kousathanas - Evidence for 16) Deborah Dawson - Support for UK researchers weaker purifying selection in out-of-Africa in molecular studies of our natural than African populations environment 36) Marguerite Lapierre (S) - Comparing 17) Elizabeth Duxbury - The Causes of Genetic reference models in molecular evolution: the Variation in Susceptibility to Infectious Disease example of demographic inference using the in Natural Populations site frequency spectrum 18) Tom Ellis - Quantitative genetic and QTL 37) Raman Akinyanju Lawal (S) - Genetic analyses of seed size and number reveal the Introgression Through Selection In Domestic

16 Posters

Chickens: Insight From Whole Genome 57) Jitka Polechová - On the interaction between Sequence Analysis ecological and evolutionary dynamics: the 38) Ellen Leffler - Malaria susceptibility and pitfalls of adaptation to the better niche complex structural variation at parasite 58) Nick Priest - Evidence for red queen dynamics invasion receptors driven by fitness-associated recombination 39) Rebecca Lewis (S) - Population demography 59) Lucie Queste (S) - The Evolution of Flight and and thermal adaptation in a model pest Wing Shape in Heliconius Butterflies insect. 60) Laura Ross - How to make a haploid male 40) Milan Malinsky - Whole genome sequencing 61) Camilla Ryan (S) - Genome wide analysis of studies of speciation and selection in East drift and selection using historic and African cichlids contemporary samples of the endangered 41) Rui Martiniano - Insights into the Mauritius Pink Pigeon Neolithic/Bronze Age transition in Iberia 62) Guillaume Sallé - Global diversity and through haplotype-based methods. population genetic structure of the sheep 42) Mark McMullan - Understanding the impact parasite Haemonchus contortus of the European invasion of the ash dieback 63) Moritz Saxenhofer (S) - Adaptive constraints pathogen of RNA virus evolution in a natural system 43) Maria Melo - What can other traits from 64) Alexis Simon (S) - The influence of genetic flower colour tell us about the hybridizing incompatibilities on secondary contacts: system in Antirrhinum majus? insights from Fisher’s geometric model and 44) Richard Merrill - Major effect loci underlie experimental crosses in mussels. reproductive isolation in Heliconius butterflies 65) Eniko Szep (S) - Diffusion approximation in 45) Elizabeth Mittell (S) - Rhizosphere microbial evolutionary ecology communities in Brassicas 66) Eve Taylor-Cox (S) - Rapid novel microsatellite 46) Valeria Montano - Genetic variation and allele development using Illumina MiSeq in the frequencies fluctuations in population with critically endangered mountain bongo. high variance and skewness in offspring 67) Kirsten Thompson (S) - Secrets of the dead: distribution Examining genetic kinship in Gray's beaked 47) Gabriela Montejo-Kovacevich (S) - Thermal whales (Mesoplodon grayi) adaptation in Heliconius butterflies 68) Steven Van Belleghem - Divergence at the 48) Peter Moran (S) - Genomic Discordance: Heliconius erato species boundaries Unusual Patterns of Differentiation at 69) Megan Wallace (S) - The Frequency and Autosomal vs. X-linked Loci Predictors of Rabies Virus Cross Species 49) Rafal Mostowy - The impact of recombination Transmission between Closely Related Bat on the evolution of polysaccharide capsules in Species Enterobacteriaceae. 70) Ben Ward - BioJulia: a modern bioinformatics 50) Will Nash - Expansion of gene families and framework to support population genomics. signatures of selection in the Australian 71) R. Axel W. Wiberg (S) - Population genomics marsupials of clinal variation in Drosophila montana 51) Reuben Nowell - Comparative genomics of populations the anciently asexual bdelloid rotifers 72) Johannes Wirtz (S) - Topological linkage 52) David Pascall (S) - The distribution of viral disequilibrium of coalescent genealogies variants in multi-host communities with acquired immunity 53) Olga Paulouskaya (S) - Adaptation to the P- element in D. simulans 54) Pavel Payne (S) - The dynamics of CRISPR- based herd immunity in phage-bacterial communities 55) Claire Peart - Genomic differentiation between populations of morphologically and ecologically divergent Galápagos sea lions 56) Ana Pinharanda - The genomic distribution, temporal and molecular evolutionary patterns of Heliconius melpomene ovary biased genes

17 Participants List

Ms Diala Abu Awad, INRA - Montpellier Mr Fraser Combe, Manchester Metropolitan Dr Matthew Ackerman, Sanger Institute University Miss Alin Acuna, University of Bath Dr Nicola Cook, St Andrews University Dr Simon Aeschbacher, University of Bern Dr Pádraic Corcoran, University of Sheffield Miss Gokce Akoz, Gregor Mendel Institute Mr Guillaume Cossard, University of Lausanne Mr Joel M. Alves, University of Cambridge Mr Rory Craig, University of Edinburgh Prof John Armour, University of Nottingham Miss Emma Curran, University of Sheffield Miss Claire Armstrong, University of East Anglia Miss Helena Dahlberg, University of Umeå Prof Einar Arnason, University of Iceland Mr Xiaoyang Dai Dr Bilal Ashraf, University of Sheffield Miss Kathy Darragh, University of Cambridge Mr Jörg Bachmann, University of Stockholm Dr John Davey, University of York Prof Doris Bachtrog, University of California, Dr Angus Davison, University of Nottingham Berkeley Dr Deborah Dawson, University of Sheffield Dr Nathan Bailey, University of St Andrews Dr Kevin Dawson, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Dr Stuart J.E. Baird, Czech Academy of Sciences Mr Tariq Desai, University of Cambridge Mr Henry Barton, University of Sheffield Dr Richard Durbin, Wellcome Trust Genome Prof Nick Barton, IST Austria Campus Dr Thomas Bataillon, Aarhus University/BIRC Mr Ludovic Dutoit, Uppsala University Prof Mark Beaumont, University of Bristol Ms Elizabeth Duxbury, University of Cambridge Mr Hannes Becher, Queen Mary University of Dr Bjarki Eldon, Museum Naturkunde Berlin London Dr Eran Elhaik, University of Sheffield Ms Stefanie Belohlavy, IST Austria Dr Tom Ellis, Uppsala University Dr Roberta Bergero, University of Edinburgh Ms Katie Emelianova, University of Edinburgh Mr Juraj Bergman, Institut für Populationsgenetik Mr Alexander Esin, Imperial College Mr Anders Bergström, Wellcome Trust Sanger Prof Adam Eyre-Walker, University of Sussex Institute Dr Isobel Eyres, University of Sheffield Dr Giorgio Bertorelle, University of Ferrara Mr Rui Faria, University of Sheffield Prof Mark Blaxter, University of Edinburgh Ms Emeline Favreau, Queen Mary University of Dr Jonathan Bollback, University of Liverpool London Dr Katharina Böndel, University of Edinburgh Dr Daniele Filiault, Gregor Mendel Institute Mr Tom Booker, University of Edinburgh Dr Andrew Foote, Bangor University Mr James Borrell, Queen Mary University of Dr Toby Fountain, Uppsala University London Miss Christelle Fraisse, IST Austria Mr Matthew Boulesteix, The Biometry and Ms Susana Freitas, CIBIO/UP, University of Evolutionary Biology laboratory Sheffield Dr John Bradshaw Mr Jörn Frederik Gerchen, University of Lausanne Dr Jon Bridle, University of Bristol Miss Beth Gibson, University of Sussex Mr Calum Bridson, University of Manchester Dr Sara Goodacre, University of Nottingham Ms Melanie Brien, University of Sheffield Dr Toni Gossmann, University of Sheffield Prof John Brookfield, University of Nottingham Dr Patrick Goymer, Nature, Ecology & Evolution Dr James Buckley, ETH Zürich Ms F. Gözde Cilingir, National University of Prof Austin Burt, Imperial College Singapore Prof Roger Butlin, Sheffield and Gothenburg Dr Jarrod Hadfield, University of Edinburgh Dr Jose Campos, University of Edinburgh Dr Reinmar Hager, University of Manchester Dr Martin Carr, University of Huddersfield Ms Joanna F.D. Hagen, Oxford Brookes University Dr Frank Chan, Friedrich Miescher Laboratory Dr Robert Hammond, University of Leicester Prof Brian Charlesworth, University of Edinburgh Mr Joe Hanly, University of Cambridge Prof Deborah Charlesworth, University of Dr Ed Harris, Manchester Metropolitan University Edinburgh Dr Matthew Hartfield, Aarhus University Dr Jane Charlesworth, University of Cambridge Prof Gerald Heckel, University of Bern Miss Pragya Chaube, University of Sheffield Dr Falk Hildebrand, EMBL Dr Christopher Clarkson, Wellcome Trust Sanger Dr Tom Hill, University of Kansas Institute Dr Emma Hodcroft, University of Edinburgh Dr J. Mark Cock, Station Biologique de Roscoff Ms Nina Hollfelder, Uppsala University Dr Susana Coelho, CNRS Dr Emily Hornett, University of Cambridge Dr Joe Colgan, Queen Mary University of London

18 Participants List

Ms Sandra Huettenbuegel, Heredity – University Dr Mark McMullan, Earlham Institute of Glasgow Dr Maria Melo, IST Austria Mr Tin-Yu Hui, Imperial College London Dr Cláudia Mendes, Oxford Brookes University Dr Jisca Huisman, University of Edinburgh Dr Richard Merrill, University of Cambridge Dr Ben Jackson, University of Edinburgh Miss Eleanor Miller, University of Cambridge Dr Maude Jacquot, IBAHCM, University of Glasgow Dr Eric Miller, University of Cambridge Ms Jenny James, University of Sussex Miss Elizabeth Mittell, University of Glasgow Dr Eeva Jansson Dr Valeria Montano, University of St Andrews Dr Daniel Jeffares, University of Melbourne Miss Gabriela Montejo-Kovacevich, University of Dr Dan Jeffries, University of Lausanne Cambridge Mr Tom Jenkins, University of Exeter Dr Stephen Montgomery, University of Cambridge Prof Chris Jiggins, University of Cambridge Prof Nancy Moran, University of Texas at Austin Dr Francis Jiggins, University of Cambridge Mr Peter Moran, University of St Andrews Prof Kerstin Johannesson, University of Dr Markus Möst, University of Innsbruck Gothenburg Dr Rafal Mostowy, Imperial College London Dr Louise Johnson, University of Reading Dr Gemma Murray, University of California, Santa Dr Susan Johnston, University of Edinburgh Cruz Dr Domino Joyce, University of Hull Dr Nicola Nadeau, University of Sheffield Mr Jack Kamm, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Ms Laura Najera, University of Leeds Dr Ravinder Kanda, Oxford Brookes University Dr Will Nash, Earlham Institute Dr Takeshi Kawakami, Uppsala University Prof Richard Nichols, Queen Mary University of Prof Peter Keightley, University of Edinburgh London Dr Jerome Kelleher, University of Oxford Dr Alina Niskanen, Norwegian Institute of Science Ms Berrit Kiehl, Uppsala University & Technology Dr Kang-Wook Kim, University of Sheffield Dr Reuben Nowell, Imperial College London Dr Agnieszka Kloch, University of Warsaw Ms Samantha O’Loughlin, Imperial College Sultan Robert Kofler, VetMedUni Wien Dr Darren Obbard, IEB Edinburgh Dr Athanasios Kousathanas, Institut Pasteur Prof Howard Ochman, University of Texas at Herr Krzysztof Kozak, STRI Austin Miss Marguerite Lapierre, National Natural Dr Vicencio Oostra, University College London History Museum, Paris Prof John Pannell, University of Lausanne Mr Raman Akinyanju Lawal, University of Dr Alex Papadopulos, RGB Kew Nottingham Dr Darren J. Parker, University of Lausanne Dr Ellen Leffler, University of Oxford Dr David Pascall, University of Exeter Dr Helen Leggett, University of Cambridge Dr Sonia Pascoal, University of Cambridge Miss Rebecca Lewis, UEA Miss Olga Paulouskaya, University of Liverpool Dr Sam Lewis, University of Cambridge Mr Pavel Payne, IST Austria Mr Konrad Lohse, University of Edinburgh Dr Claire Peart, Uppsala University/Ludwig- Mr Casper Lumby, University of Cambridge Maximilians-Universität München Dr Dave Lunt, University of Hull Dr Joel Peck, University of Cambridge Dr Wen-Juan Ma, University of Lausanne Prof Josephine Pemberton, University of Prof Barbara Mable, University of Glasgow Edinburgh Dr Andrew MacColl, University of Nottingham Dr Karl Phillips, Adam Mickiewicz University Dr Pierpaolo Maisano Delser, Trinity College Prof Stuart Piertney, University of Aberdeen Dublin Miss Ana Pinharanda, University of Cambridge Dr Tamsin Majerus, University of Nottingham Dr Jitka Polechová, University of Vienna Dr Milan Malinsky, University of Basel Mr Erik Postma, University of Zurich/University of Dr Andrea Manica, University of Cambridge Exeter Dr Simon Martin, University of Cambridge Mr Rodrigo Pracana, Queen Mary University of Mr Carlos Martinez-Ruiz, Queen Mary University London of London Dr Nick Priest, University of Bath Mr Rui Martiniano, Wellcome Trust Sanger Ms Gemma Puixeu Sala, IST Austria Institute Miss Lucie Queste, University of York Miss Lenka Matejovicova, IST Austria Dr Marina Rafajlovic, University of Gothenburg Dr Thomas Mathers, Earlham Institute Dr Pasi Rastas, University of Cambridge Prof Alistair McGregor, Oxford Brookes University

19 Participants List

Dr Champak Beeravolu Reddy, City College of New Dr Tobias Warnecke, Imperial College London York Dr Lucy Weinart, University of Cambridge Prof David Richardson, University of East Anglia Mr Matthias Weissensteiner, Uppsala University Miss Rebecca Richmond-Smith, University of Dr John Welch, University of Cambridge Cambridge Dr Marius Wenzel, University of Aberdeen Mr Harald Ringbauer, IST Austria Dr Anja Marie Westram, University of Sheffield Prof Mike Ritchie, University of St Andrews Mr R. Axel W. Wiberg, University of St Andrews Dr Laura Ross, University of Edinburgh Prof Eske Willerslev, University of Cambridge Dr Denis Roze, CNRS Roscoff Mr Johannes Wirtz, University of Cologne Miss Camilla Ryan, University of East Anglia & Mr Thomas Wolfe, University of Vienna Earlham Institute Dr Alison Wright, University of Sheffield Dr Ilik Saccheri, University of Liverpool Dr Xiangjiang Zhan, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Dr Himani Sachdeva, IST Austria Academy of Sciences Dr Guillaume Sallé, INRA Dr Kai Zeng, University of Sheffield Mr Moritz Saxenhofer, University of Bern Dr Aylwyn Scally, University of Cambridge Prof Christian Schlötterer, Institut für Populationsgenetik, Vetmeduni Vienna Dr Heejung Shim, Purdue University Mr Alexis Simon, ISEM/University of Montpellier Dr Marcos Siqueira, USC Prof John Slate, University of Sheffield Ms Amy Slender, Flinders University Dr Lewis Spurgin, University of East Anglia Miss Anna Staehler, University of St Andrews Dr Eckart Stolle, Queen Mary University of London Dr Hannes Svardal, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Ms Eniko Szep, IST Austria Mr Venkat Talla, Uppsala University Mr Thomas Taus, Institut für Populationsgenetik, Vetmeduni Vienna Miss Eve Taylor-Cox, Manchester Metropolitan University Ms Kirsten Thompson, University of Exeter Dr Jeanne Tonnabel, University of Lausanne Dr Barbora Trubenova, IST Austria Dr Georgia Tsagkogeorga, Queen Mary University of London Mr Alex Tunas, Imperial College London Prof John Turner, University of Leeds Dr Leslie Turner, University of Bath Mr Maulik Upadhyay, Wageningen University and Research Miss Adriana Vallejo, University of Nottingham Dr Steven Van Belleghem, University of Cambridge Miss Lea Van de Graaf, University of Cambridge Dr Paris Veltsos, University of Lausanne Miss Marie Voillemot, University of Lausanne Miss Megan Wallace, University of Edinburgh Dr Richard Wallbank, University of Cambridge Mr William Walton, University of Edinburgh Dr Jinliang Wang, Institute of Zoology Dr Ben Ward, University of East Anglia & Earlham Institute Dr Vera Warmuth, Uppsala University

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