DOCSLIB.ORG

Seaweeds-Of-The-Gulf-Of-Mexico.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Seaweeds-Of-The-Gulf-Of-Mexico.Pdf See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255181253 Seaweeds of the Gulf of Mexico Chapter · January 2009 CITATIONS READS 44 4,707 9 authors, including: Suzanne Fredericq Tae Oh Cho University of Louisiana at Lafayette Chosun University 284 PUBLICATIONS 6,611 CITATIONS 69 PUBLICATIONS 588 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Carlos F. D. Gurgel David Krayesky Federal University of Santa Catarina Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania 105 PUBLICATIONS 1,932 CITATIONS 36 PUBLICATIONS 227 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Dissertation View project Actualización de la diversidad del macrofitobentos marino en Cuba View project All content following this page was uploaded by Suzanne Fredericq on 03 June 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Fredericq, S., T. O. Cho, S. A. Earle, C. F. Gurgel, D. M. Krayesky, L. E. Mateo-Cid, A. C. Mendoza-González, J. N. Norris, and A. M. Suárez. 2009. Seaweeds of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 187–259 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. •9 Seaweeds of the Gulf of Mexico Suzanne Fredericq, Tae Oh Cho, Sylvia A. Earle, Carlos Frederico Gurgel, David M. Krayesky, Luz Elena Mateo- Cid, A. Catalina Mendoza- González, James N. Norris, and Ana María Suárez The marine macroalgae, or seaweeds, are a heterogenous group historically lumped together as “Protists,” an assem- blage of taxa whose members typically lack true roots, shoots, leaves, seeds, or water- conducting tissues. They comprise the multicellular green algae (Chlorophyta), red algae (Rhodophyta), and brown algae (Phaeophyceae). Until very recently, the relationship among the Algae and other Protists remained inconclusive and often contradic- tory (Adl et al. 2005). Our understanding of algal phylogeny has dramatically increased with molecular evolutionary methods, and the latest research indicates that the Rhodophyta is a distinct A green seaweed, Acetabularia. After Taylor 1954. eukaryotic lineage that shares a most common ancestry with the Chlorophyta in the Plant lineage (Oliveira and The classification within the Rhodophyta at the ordi- Bhattacharya 2000). A second cluster, the Chromalveo- nal level is unstable and in a constant flux, more so than lata, comprises the Stramenopiles, in which the brown in the Chlorophyta and the Phaeophyceae, and it is cur- algae belong, in addition to diatoms, many zoosporic rently undergoing much taxonomic revision that has led fungi, and the opalinids, among others (Palmer 2000, Adl to proposals of new and recircumscribed orders (Adl et al. et al. 2005). Of the three seaweed groups, the red algae 2005). As misinterpretations of superficial similarities are unique in the Tree of Life in that they share a suite of have resulted in erroneous systems of classification at a characters that do not occur together in any other eukary- variety of taxonomic levels, molecular- based phylogenies ote, namely, a complete lack of flagellated stages including in the red, brown, and green algae each provide an inde- absence of centrioles, flagellar basal bodies, or other 9+2 pendent test of classification to the one based on mor- structures (Adl et al. 2005). The seaweeds exhibit a broad phological or ultrastructural evidence. Besides elucidat- variety of morphologies and life histories. Unlike green ing relationships, phylogenetic hypotheses inferred from plants, animals, and even brown algae, red algae have gene sequence data provide the critical framework for attained this diversity without having evolved true tissue studies of morphological character evolution and life his- differentiation (Hommersand and Fredericq 1990). The tory evolution. Hence, as is the case for other taxa previ- molecular and biochemical mechanisms of their develop- ously referred to as “Protists,” we have here opted to follow ment remain largely unexplored. a hierarchical system of listing the taxa from the Gulf of 187 188 ~ Seaweeds (Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta, and Phaeophyceae) 1978). Green and brown algae lack phycoerythrin, and brown algae contain chlorophyll c in addition to chl a. In addition, the red, brown, and green seaweeds contain a suite of additional secondary pigments (Lobban and Har- rison 1994). The cell walls of red algae consist of cellulosic fibers embedded in a matrix of nonfibrillar materials, the phy- cocolloids. The most abundant of these polysaccharides are referred to either as agars or carrageenans, and they are of economic importance (Abbott 1996). Agar finds its widest use as a solid microbiological culture substratum and in a range of laboratory applications. It is not used for nutritional value in food, but rather as an emulsifier as a pectin in preserves; as a clarifying agent in the production A green seaweed, Batophora. After Børgesen 1913. of beer, wine, and coffee; and in the cosmetic and medical industries (Zemke- White and Ohno 1999). Agarophytes Mexico without formal rank designations, such as “class,” that produce high- quality agar are found in the Gelidi- “subclass,” “super- order,” or “order”; this approach is cur- aceae and Gracilariaceae (Craigie 1990). rently the preferred decision primarily motivated by util- Carrageenans are used by the food industry as tex- ity, to avoid the common problem of a single change caus- ture modifiers because of their high viscosity and gell- ing a cascade of changes to the system (Adl et al. 2005). ing properties (Santos 1989, De Ruiter and Rudolph There are 10,000–20,000 accepted species names of 1997). It is the gelling- strength, kappa- type carrageenans seaweeds worldwide (Woelkerling 1990, Norton, Melko- that are much sought after by the phycocolloid industry nian, and Andersen 1996, Guiry and Guiry 2007). There (Knutsen et al. 1994). Current markets for kappa carra- are about 5900 validly accepted species of red algae; geeenan are concentrated in the food, dentifrice, pharma- of these, only 3 percent are freshwater. There are about ceutical, and cosmetics industries (Kapraun 1999). Eco- 1600 species of marine green algae and 1800 species of nomically important carageenophytes are members of brown algae listed in AlgaeBase (Guiry and Guiry 2007). the Gigartinaceae- complex and the Solieriaceae- complex Seaweeds are most common on hard- bottom habitats (McCandless 1978, Doty and Norris 1985). More and in marine environments, growing as epiphytes on other more, chemists are discovering that cell wall composi- algae, seagrasses, or mangrove roots, epizooic on animals, tion is highly correlated with revised systematic concepts epilithic on pebbles or rocky substrata, psammophilic in at every taxonomic level, and recent papers deal with the sand, or pelagic and drifting (Lüning 1990). They occur at integration of polysaccharide chemistry, anatomical fea- all latitudes from the Arctic to the Antarctic and occupy tures, and DNA sequences (Usov 1992, Liao et al. 1993, the entire range of depths inhabitable by photosynthetic Chiovitti et al. 1995, 2001, Fredericq, Hommersand, and organisms, from high intertidal regions to subtidal depths Freshwater 1996, Fredericq, Freshwater, and Hommer- as great as 268 m (San Salvador I., Bahamas, is the greatest sand 1999, Chopin, Kerin, and Mazerolle 1999). Alginates depth for known plant life) (Littler et al. 1985). are extracted from the cell walls of brown algae (Chapman Historically, the seaweeds were defined as taxonomic and Chapman 1980). groups based on their pigmentation. The red color in the Antiviral and anticoagulant properties of the insoluble red algae is due to the presence of phycoerythrin that re- polysaccharide fraction have been reported, which sug- flects red light, absorbs blue light, and masks the green gest promising antiherpetic activity (Caceres et al. 2000, chlorophyll a (Gantt 1990). The color varies according Lee et al. 2004). In Asia, seaweeds are important sources to the ratio of phycoerythrin to phycyocyanin and may of food with a high vitamin and protein content, such appear green or bluish from the chlorophyll and other as nori (Oohusa 1993). Many red algae metabolize poly- masking pigments. Because blue light penetrates water unsaturated fatty acids to oxidized products resembling to a greater depth than light of longer wavelengths, these the eicosanoid hormones from mammals (Wise et al. pigments allow red algae to photosynthesize and live at 1996). Because of their biological properties, seaweed- somewhat greater depths than most other algae (Ramus derived oxylipins have potential utility as pharmaceutical Fredericq et al. ~ 189 and research biochemicals (Gerwick et al. 1993, Fenical increases and other stresses, biotic reefs shift from coral 1997). to fleshy macroalgal- dominated communities with high Some seaweed species reproduce by vegetative frag- gross and net primary productivities (Miller and Hay mentation (Hernandez- Gonzalez et al. 2007) or spore 1996, Morand and Brian 1996). In this state, production formation, but most undergo a complex life cycle involv- of a calcified framework is low, and as a result of constant ing an alternation of generations. It was only after culture carbonate bioerosion, the reef begins to degenerate to a methods were introduced (von Stosch 1965) that it was more- or- less flat pavement. The transformation repre- finally verified that in most red algae there is a fundamen- sents serious environmental
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Forensic and Phylogenetic Survey of Caulerpa Species
    J. Phycol. 42, 1113–1124 (2006) r 2006 by the Phycological Society of America DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.0271.x A FORENSIC AND PHYLOGENETIC SURVEY OF CAULERPA SPECIES (CAULERPALES, CHLOROPHYTA) FROM THE FLORIDA COAST, LOCAL AQUARIUM SHOPS, AND E-COMMERCE: ESTABLISHING A PROACTIVE BASELINE FOR EARLY DETECTION1 Wytze T. Stam2 Jeanine L. Olsen Department of Marine Benthic Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, Biological Centre, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands Susan Frisch Zaleski University of Southern California Sea Grant Program, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, California 90089-0373, USA Steven N. Murray Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, PO Box 6850, Fullerton, California 92834-6850, USA Katherine R. Brown and Linda J. Walters Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA Baseline genotypes were established for 256 in- researchers interested in the evolution and speciat- dividuals of Caulerpa collected from 27 field loca- ion of Caulerpa. tions in Florida (including the Keys), the Bahamas, Key index words: aquarium trade; Caulerpa; e-com- US Virgin Islands, and Honduras, nearly doubling merce; invasive species; ITS; marine conservation; the number of available GenBank sequences. On the phylogeny; tufA basis of sequences from the nuclear rDNA-ITS 1 þ 2 and the chloroplast tufA regions, the phylogeny of Abbreviations: CTAB, cetyltrimethylammonium bro- Caulerpa was reassessed and the presence of inva- mide; ITS, internally transcribed spacer; MCMC, sive strains was determined. Surveys in central Flor- Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis ida and southern California of 4100 saltwater aquarium shops and 90 internet sites revealed that 450% sold Caulerpa.
    [Show full text]
  • Composition and Distribution of Deep Water Macroalgae Species from the Continental Shelf of Sergipe State, Brazil
    Phytotaxa 190 (1): 250–267 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.190.1.15 Composition and Distribution of Deep Water Macroalgae Species from the Continental Shelf of Sergipe State, Brazil SONIA MARIA BARRETO PEREIRA1,2, JULIANA TORRES2 & LÍSIA MÔNICA DE SOUZA GESTINARI2,3 1Centro Acadêmico de Vitória (CAV), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Rua do Alto do Reservatório s/n, Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, 55.608-680, Pernambuco, Brasil. 2Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica (PPGB) Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco 3 Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Socioambiental de Macaé (NUPEM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ-Macaé Prof. Aloisio Teixeira, Rua São José do Barreto, 764, Barreto, 27965-045, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. lisiagestinari@ macae.ufrj.br Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected] Phone: +55 81 3320-6361 Fax: +55 81 3320-6360 Abstract This study investigates the deep-water flora of the continental shelf in Sergipe State, Brazil located between 10º36’08’’ – 11º21’07’’S and 36º28’10’’ – 37º13’47’’W. The samples were collected by dragging at 18 sampling sites, between 10 to 30 m depth, from May 1999 to March 2000. A total of 91 taxa of marine benthic macroalgae were identified (56 Rhodophyta, 20 Heterokontophyta and 15 Chlorophyta). Forty-seven (47) of these are new occurrences for Sergipe flora. Rhodophyta domi- nated, accounting for 61% of the total species collected, with the order Ceramiales having the highest number of species present (39.55%), followed by Heterokontophyta (23%), mostly represented by Dictyotales (65%).
    [Show full text]
  • The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231610049 The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes Article in Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology · September 2012 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x · Source: PubMed CITATIONS READS 961 2,825 25 authors, including: Sina M Adl Alastair Simpson University of Saskatchewan Dalhousie University 118 PUBLICATIONS 8,522 CITATIONS 264 PUBLICATIONS 10,739 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Christopher E Lane David Bass University of Rhode Island Natural History Museum, London 82 PUBLICATIONS 6,233 CITATIONS 464 PUBLICATIONS 7,765 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Biodiversity and ecology of soil taste amoeba View project Predator control of diversity View project All content following this page was uploaded by Smirnov Alexey on 25 October 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. The Journal of Published by the International Society of Eukaryotic Microbiology Protistologists J. Eukaryot. Microbiol., 59(5), 2012 pp. 429–493 © 2012 The Author(s) Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology © 2012 International Society of Protistologists DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes SINA M. ADL,a,b ALASTAIR G. B. SIMPSON,b CHRISTOPHER E. LANE,c JULIUS LUKESˇ,d DAVID BASS,e SAMUEL S. BOWSER,f MATTHEW W. BROWN,g FABIEN BURKI,h MICAH DUNTHORN,i VLADIMIR HAMPL,j AARON HEISS,b MONA HOPPENRATH,k ENRIQUE LARA,l LINE LE GALL,m DENIS H. LYNN,n,1 HILARY MCMANUS,o EDWARD A. D.
    [Show full text]
  • Macroalgas Marinas De Cuba 233-259.Pdf
    Referencias ABBOTT, l. A. y M. s. DOTY (1960): «Studies in the ALFONSO, Y. y B. MARTÍNEZ-DARANAS (2009): «Va­ Helminthocladiaceae II. Trichogloeopsis», American riaciones espacio-temporales en la cobertura del Journal ofBotany, vol. 47, pp. 632-640. macrofitobentos en un área costera al norte de Ciu­ AGARDH, C. (1828): Species algarum rite cognitae, cum dad de La Habana, Cuba», Revista de Investigaciones synonymis, díjferentiis specificis et descriptionibus Marinas, vol. 30, n.º 3, pp. 187-201. succinctis, vol. 2 (Voluminis Secundis, Sectio Prior), ÁLVAREZ, F. C.; A. J. ARECES, J. CRUZ, z. PALACIOS eta!. Greifswald, Lund, Suecia. (1993): «Estudio del alga Kappaphycus alvarezii AGUILAR, C.; G. GONZÁLEZ SANSÓN, E. DE LA GUAR­ como fuente de potasio para la agricultura», Informe DIA, A. M. SuÁREZ et al. (2000): «Inventario de los del Archivo Científico del Instituto de Oceanología compo-nentes más comunes de la flora y la fauna del (IDO), La Habana. arrecife de coral costero de la Caleta de San Lázaro, ALVES, A. M.; L. M. s. GESTINARI, l. s. DE ÜLIVEIRA, K. región noroccidental de Cuba, en el periodo de 1996 L. M. BRITO et al. (2012): «Toe Genus Cladophora a 1998», Revista de Investigaciones Marinas, vol. 21, (Chlorophyta) in the Littoral of Bahía, Brazil», Nova n.º' 1-3, pp. 53-59. Hedwigia, vol. 95, n.º 5, pp. 337-372. ALBIS-SALAS, M. R. y B. GAVIO (2011): «Notes on Marine ANEIROS, A. y A. GARATEIX (2004): «Bioactive Peptides Algae inthe International Biosphere Reserve Seaflower, from Marine Sources: Pharmacological Properties and Caribbean Colombian I: New Records of Macroalgal lsolation Procedures», Journal of Chromatography B, Epiphytes on the Seagrass Thalassia testudinum», vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomia E Distribuição Do Gênero Caulerpalamouroux
    Acta bot. bras. 22(4): 914-928. 2008. Taxonomia e distribuição do gênero Caulerpa Lamouroux (Bryopsidales - Chlorophyta) na costa de Pernambuco e Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, Brasil Suellen Brayner1,3, Sonia Maria Barreto Pereira1,2 e Maria Elizabeth Bandeira-Pedrosa2 Recebido em 22/03/2006. Aceito em 18/12/2007 RESUMO – (Taxonomia e distribuição do gênero Caulerpa Lamouroux (Bryopsidales - Chlorophyta) na costa de Pernambuco e Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, Brasil). Este trabalho identifica e fornece a distribuição do gênero Caulerpa na costa de Pernambuco (07º30’ S e 09º00’ W) e no Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha (03º51’ S e 32º25’ W). As coletas foram realizadas em 32 praias da costa de Pernambuco no período entre abril/2004 a novembro/2005, na região entre-marés. Em Fernando de Noronha as coletas foram feitas em junho/2006, na região entre marés e no infralitoral (10, 15 e 21 m de profundidade), em oito praias. Foram, também, analisadas as exsicatas de Caulerpa depositadas no Herbário Professor Vasconcelos Sobrinho (PEUFR) da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Os resultados mostram que o gênero Caulerpa está representado na costa de Pernambuco, por 19 táxons infragenéricos. Algumas espécies apresentaram distribuição restrita como C. kempfii Joly & Pereira, C. lanuginosa J. Agardh e C. serrulata (Forssk.) J. Agardh. Para o Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha foram registrados três táxons infragenéricos. Palavras-chave: algas marinhas, Brasil, Caulerpa, levantamento florístico, Nordeste ABSTRACT – (Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Caulerpa Lamouroux (Bryopsidales - Chlorophyta) on the coast of Pernambuco State and Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil). This paper analyzes the taxonomy and distribution of the genus Caulerpa on the coast of Pernambuco (07º30’S; 09º00’W) and in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (03º51’S; 32º25’W).
    [Show full text]
  • Tsuda RT. 2002. Checklist of the Marine Benthic Algae from the Palau Archipelago Based on Past
    Checklist of the Marine Benthic Algae from the Palau Archipelago Based on Past References Roy T. Tsuda Marine Laboratory, University of Guam, UOG Station, Mangilao, Guam 96923 P.O. Box 7086, Koror, Republic of Palau 96940 PICRC Publication 02-019 September 2002 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Division Cyanophyta 3 Class Cyanophyceae Order Chroococcales 3 Family Entophysalidaceae Family Microcystaceae Order Oscillatoriales 3 Family Oscillatoriaceae Family Phormidiaceae Family Schizothrichaceae Order Nostocales 4 Family Microchaetaceae Family Nostocaceae Family Rivulariaceae Order Stigonematales 4 Family Mastigocladaceae Division Chlorophyta 5 Class Chlorophyceae Order Ulvales 5 Family Ulvaceae Order Cladophorales 5 Family Anadyomenaceae Family Cladophoraceae Family Siphonocladaceae Family Valoniaceae Order Bryopsidales 6 Family Bryopsidaceae Family Caulerpaceae Family Codiaceae ii Page Family Halimedaceae Family Udoteaceae Order Dasycladales 9 Family Dasycladaceae Division Phaeophyta 9 Class Phaeophyceae Order Ectocarpales 9 Family Ectocarpaceae Family Ralfsiaceae Order Sphacelariales 10 Family Sphacelariaceae Order Dictyotales 10 Family Dictyotaceae Order Scytosiphonales 11 Family Scytosiphonaceae Order Fucales 11 Family Sargassaceae Division Rhodophyta 11 Class Rhodophyceae Subclass Bangiophycidae 11 Order Erythropeltidales 11 Family Erythrotrichiaceae Subclass Florideophycidae 12 Order Acrochaetiales 12 Family Acrochaetiaceae Order Nemaliales 12 Family Galaxauraceae Family Liagoraceae iii Page Order Gelidiales 12 Family GelidiaceaeFamily
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Evolution of Algae: Primary Endosymbiosis
    CHAPTER TWO Diversity and Evolution of Algae: Primary Endosymbiosis Olivier De Clerck1, Kenny A. Bogaert, Frederik Leliaert Phycology Research Group, Biology Department, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium 1Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] Contents 1. Introduction 56 1.1. Early Evolution of Oxygenic Photosynthesis 56 1.2. Origin of Plastids: Primary Endosymbiosis 58 2. Red Algae 61 2.1. Red Algae Defined 61 2.2. Cyanidiophytes 63 2.3. Of Nori and Red Seaweed 64 3. Green Plants (Viridiplantae) 66 3.1. Green Plants Defined 66 3.2. Evolutionary History of Green Plants 67 3.3. Chlorophyta 68 3.4. Streptophyta and the Origin of Land Plants 72 4. Glaucophytes 74 5. Archaeplastida Genome Studies 75 Acknowledgements 76 References 76 Abstract Oxygenic photosynthesis, the chemical process whereby light energy powers the conversion of carbon dioxide into organic compounds and oxygen is released as a waste product, evolved in the anoxygenic ancestors of Cyanobacteria. Although there is still uncertainty about when precisely and how this came about, the gradual oxygenation of the Proterozoic oceans and atmosphere opened the path for aerobic organisms and ultimately eukaryotic cells to evolve. There is a general consensus that photosynthesis was acquired by eukaryotes through endosymbiosis, resulting in the enslavement of a cyanobacterium to become a plastid. Here, we give an update of the current understanding of the primary endosymbiotic event that gave rise to the Archaeplastida. In addition, we provide an overview of the diversity in the Rhodophyta, Glaucophyta and the Viridiplantae (excluding the Embryophyta) and highlight how genomic data are enabling us to understand the relationships and characteristics of algae emerging from this primary endosymbiotic event.
    [Show full text]
  • Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes
    University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Biological Sciences Faculty Publications Biological Sciences 9-26-2018 Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes Christopher E. Lane Et Al Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/bio_facpubs Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology ISSN 1066-5234 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes Sina M. Adla,* , David Bassb,c , Christopher E. Laned, Julius Lukese,f , Conrad L. Schochg, Alexey Smirnovh, Sabine Agathai, Cedric Berneyj , Matthew W. Brownk,l, Fabien Burkim,PacoCardenas n , Ivan Cepi cka o, Lyudmila Chistyakovap, Javier del Campoq, Micah Dunthornr,s , Bente Edvardsent , Yana Eglitu, Laure Guillouv, Vladimır Hamplw, Aaron A. Heissx, Mona Hoppenrathy, Timothy Y. Jamesz, Anna Karn- kowskaaa, Sergey Karpovh,ab, Eunsoo Kimx, Martin Koliskoe, Alexander Kudryavtsevh,ab, Daniel J.G. Lahrac, Enrique Laraad,ae , Line Le Gallaf , Denis H. Lynnag,ah , David G. Mannai,aj, Ramon Massanaq, Edward A.D. Mitchellad,ak , Christine Morrowal, Jong Soo Parkam , Jan W. Pawlowskian, Martha J. Powellao, Daniel J. Richterap, Sonja Rueckertaq, Lora Shadwickar, Satoshi Shimanoas, Frederick W. Spiegelar, Guifre Torruellaat , Noha Youssefau, Vasily Zlatogurskyh,av & Qianqian Zhangaw a Department of Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, SK, Canada b Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
    [Show full text]
  • Seaweeds of California Green Algae
    PDF version Remove references Seaweeds of California (draft: Sun Nov 24 15:32:39 2019) This page provides current names for California seaweed species, including those whose names have changed since the publication of Marine Algae of California (Abbott & Hollenberg 1976). Both former names (1976) and current names are provided. This list is organized by group (green, brown, red algae); within each group are genera and species in alphabetical order. California seaweeds discovered or described since 1976 are indicated by an asterisk. This is a draft of an on-going project. If you have questions or comments, please contact Kathy Ann Miller, University Herbarium, University of California at Berkeley. [email protected] Green Algae Blidingia minima (Nägeli ex Kützing) Kylin Blidingia minima var. vexata (Setchell & N.L. Gardner) J.N. Norris Former name: Blidingia minima var. subsalsa (Kjellman) R.F. Scagel Current name: Blidingia subsalsa (Kjellman) R.F. Scagel et al. Kornmann, P. & Sahling, P.H. 1978. Die Blidingia-Arten von Helgoland (Ulvales, Chlorophyta). Helgoländer Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 31: 391-413. Scagel, R.F., Gabrielson, P.W., Garbary, D.J., Golden, L., Hawkes, M.W., Lindstrom, S.C., Oliveira, J.C. & Widdowson, T.B. 1989. A synopsis of the benthic marine algae of British Columbia, southeast Alaska, Washington and Oregon. Phycological Contributions, University of British Columbia 3: vi + 532. Bolbocoleon piliferum Pringsheim Bryopsis corticulans Setchell Bryopsis hypnoides Lamouroux Former name: Bryopsis pennatula J. Agardh Current name: Bryopsis pennata var. minor J. Agardh Silva, P.C., Basson, P.W. & Moe, R.L. 1996. Catalogue of the benthic marine algae of the Indian Ocean.
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated List of Marine Chlorophyta from the Pacific Coast of the Republic of Panama with a Comparison to Caribbean Panama Species
    Nova Hedwigia 78 1•2 209•241 Stuttgart, February 2004 An annotated list of marine Chlorophyta from the Pacific Coast of the Republic of Panama with a comparison to Caribbean Panama species by Brian Wysor The University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Department of Biology PO Box 42451, Lafayette, LA 70504-2451, USA. Present address: Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences PO Box 475, McKown Point, West Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575, USA. With 21 figures, 3 tables and 1 appendix Wysor, B. (2004): An annotated list of marine Chlorophytafrom the Pacific Coast of the Republic of Panama with a comparison to Caribbean Panama species. - Nova Hedwigia 78: 209-241. Abstract: Recent study of marine macroalgal diversity of the Republic of Panama has led to a substantial increase in the number of seaweed species documented for the country. In this updated list of marine algae based on collections made in 1999 and reports from the literature, 44 Chlorophyta (43 species and one variety) are documented for the Pacific coast of Panama, including 27 new records. A comparison of chlorophyte diversity along Caribbean and Pacific coasts revealed greater diversity at nearly all taxonomic levels in the Caribbean flora. Differences in environmentalregime (e.g., absence of sea grasses, lower abundance and diversity of hermatypic corals, and greater tidal range along the Pacific coast) explained some of the discrepancy in diversity across the isthmus. Fifteen taxa were common to Caribbean and Pacific coasts, but the number of amphi-isthmian taxa nearly doubled when taxa from nearby floras were includedin the estimate. These taxa may represent daughter populations of a formerly contiguouspopulation that was severed by the emerging Central American Isthmus.
    [Show full text]
  • Chasmostoma Massart, 1920 and Jenningsia Schaeffer, 1918
    Protistology 1, 10-16 (1999) Protistology April, 1999 Australian records of two lesser known genera of heterotrophic euglenids – Chasmostoma Massart, 1920 and Jenningsia Schaeffer, 1918 W.J. Lee, R. Blackmore and D.J. Patterson School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Summary We report on Chasmostoma and Jenningsia, two genera of heterotrophic euglenids which have not been reported subsequent to their initial descriptions. Chasmostoma nieuportense was poorly described from Belgian coastal waters by Massart in 1920. A redescription is offered on the basis of material observed in a prawn farm in Queensland, Australia. The genus is distinguished by having an anterior cavity into which the flagellum may be withdrawn when the organism is challenged. Jenningsia is a peranemid genus described with a single emergent flagellum by Shaeffer in 1918. The genus was later redescribed by Lackey in 1940 as Peranemopsis. The recent assumptions that these authors overlooked a second flagellum now seem to be in error, and we assign organisms previously described as Peranema fusiforme and P. macrostoma, species of Peranema described with one emergent flagellum, and species in the genus Peranemopsis to the genus Jenningsia. Key words: Euglenida, Protozoa, Chasmostoma nieuportense, Jenningsia diatomophaga, Jenningsia fusiforme n. comb., Jenningsia macrostoma n. comb., Jenningsia curvicauda n. comb., Jenningsia deflexum n. comb., Jenningsia furcatum n. comb., Jenningsia glabrum n. comb., Jenningsia granulifera n. comb., Jenningsia kupfferi n. comb., Jenningsia limax n. comb., Jenningsia macer n. comb., Jenningsia nigrum n. comb., Jenningsia sacculus n. comb. Introduction tioned in any subsequent reviews of euglenids (Huber- Pestalozzi, 1955; Leedale, 1967; Larsen and Patterson, Heterotrophic flagellates may be significant medita- 1991).
    [Show full text]
  • Morphostasis in a Novel Eukaryote Illuminates the Evolutionary Transition from Phagotrophy to Phototrophy: Description of Rapaza Viridis N
    Yamaguchi et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012, 12:29 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/12/29 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Morphostasis in a novel eukaryote illuminates the evolutionary transition from phagotrophy to phototrophy: description of Rapaza viridis n. gen. et sp. (Euglenozoa, Euglenida) Aika Yamaguchi†, Naoji Yubuki† and Brian S Leander*† Abstract Background: Morphostasis of traits in different species is necessary for reconstructing the evolutionary history of complex characters. Studies that place these species into a molecular phylogenetic context test hypotheses about the transitional stages that link divergent character states. For instance, the transition from a phagotrophic mode of nutrition to a phototrophic lifestyle has occurred several times independently across the tree of eukaryotes; one of these events took place within the Euglenida, a large group of flagellates with diverse modes of nutrition. Phototrophic euglenids form a clade that is nested within lineages of phagotrophic euglenids and that originated through a secondary endosymbiosis with green algae. Although it is clear that phototrophic euglenids evolved from phagotrophic ancestors, the morphological disparity between species representing these different nutritional modes remains substantial. Results: We cultivated a novel marine euglenid, Rapaza viridis n. gen. et sp. ("green grasper”), and a green alga, Tetraselmis sp., from the same environment. Cells of R. viridis were comprehensively characterized with light microscopy, SEM, TEM, and molecular phylogenetic analysis of small subunit rDNA sequences. Ultrastructural and behavioral observations demonstrated that this isolate habitually consumes a specific strain of Tetraselmis prey cells and possesses a functional chloroplast that is homologous with other phototrophic euglenids. A novel feeding apparatus consisting of a reduced rod of microtubules facilitated this first and only example of mixotrophy among euglenids.
    [Show full text]