FREEA NICE LADY IN SHANGHAI AND OTHER STORIES: TURQUOISE LEVEL EBOOK

Zhu Yong | 88 pages | 01 Nov 2010 | Macmillan Education | 9780230406605 | English | Oxford, United Kingdom Tiantian Zhongwen by Macmillan Russia - Issuu

Chinese ceramics show a continuous development since pre-dynastic times and are one A Nice Lady in Shanghai and Other Stories: Turquoise Level the most significant forms of Chinese art and ceramics globally. The first was made during the Palaeolithic era. range from construction materials such as bricks and tiles, to hand-built pottery vessels fired in bonfires or kilnsto the sophisticated Chinese wares made for the imperial court and for export. Porcelain was a Chinese invention and is so identified with that it is still called "china" in everyday English usage. Most later Chinese ceramics, A Nice Lady in Shanghai and Other Stories: Turquoise Level of the finest quality, were made on an industrial scale, thus few names of individual potters were recorded. Many of the most important workshops were owned by or reserved for the emperor, and large quantities of were exported as diplomatic gifts or for trade from an early date, initially to East Asia and the Islamic world, and then from around the 16th century to Europe. Chinese ceramics have had an enormous influence on other ceramic traditions in these areas. Increasingly over their long history, Chinese ceramics can be classified between those made for the imperial court to use or distribute, those made for a discriminating Chinese market, and those for popular Chinese markets or for export. Some types of wares were also made only or mainly for special uses such as burial in tombs, or for use on altars. The earliest Chinese pottery was earthenwarewhich continued in production for utilitarian uses throughout Chinese history, but was increasingly less used for fine wares. Stonewarefired at higher temperatures, and naturally impervious to water, was developed very early and continued to be used for fine pottery in many areas at most periods; the tea bowls in and Jizhou ware made during the are examples. Porcelainon a Western definition, is "a collective term comprising all ceramic ware that is white and translucent, no matter what ingredients are used to make it or to what use it is put". Terms such as " porcellaneous " or "near-porcelain" may be used for with porcelain-like characteristics. Chinese pottery can also be classified as being A Nice Lady in Shanghai and Other Stories: Turquoise Level northern or southern. China comprises two separate and geologically different land masses, brought together by continental drift and forming a junction that lies between the Yellow and Yangtze rivers, sometimes known as the Nanshan - Qinling divide. The contrasting geology of the north and south led to differences in the raw materials available for making ceramics; in particular the north lacks petunse or "porcelain stone", needed for porcelain on the strict definition. Ware-types can be from very widespread kiln-sites in either north or south China, but the two can nearly always be distinguished, and influences across this divide may affect shape and decoration, but will be based on very different clay bodies, with fundamental effects. The kiln types were also different, and in the north the fuel was usually coal, as opposed to wood in the south, which often affects the wares. Southern materials have high silicalow alumina and high A Nice Lady in Shanghai and Other Stories: Turquoise Level oxidethe reverse of northern materials in each case. The northern materials are often very suitable for , while in the south there are also areas A Nice Lady in Shanghai and Other Stories: Turquoise Level suitable for porcelain. In the context of Chinese ceramics, the term porcelain lacks a universally accepted definition see above. This in turn has led to confusion about when the first Chinese porcelain was made. Kiln technology has always been a key factor in the development of Chinese pottery. These were updraft , often built below ground. Two main types of kiln were developed by about AD and remained in use until modern times. These are the of hilly southern China, usually fuelled by wood, long and thin and running up a slope, and the horseshoe-shaped mantou kiln of the north Chinese plains, smaller and more compact. In the late Ming, the egg-shaped kiln zhenyao was developed at Jingdezhenbut mainly used there. This was something of a compromise between the other types, and offered locations in the firing chamber with a range of firing conditions. Important specific types of pottery, many coming from more than one period, are dealt with individually in sections lower down. Pottery dating from 20, years ago was found at the Xianrendong Cave site in Jiangxi province, [10] [11] making it among the earliest pottery yet found. Another reported find is from 17,—18, years ago in the Yuchanyan Cave in southern China. By the Middle and Late Neolithic about to BCE most of the larger archaeological cultures in China were farmers producing a variety of attractive and often large vessels, often boldly painted, or decorated by cutting or impressing. Decoration is abstract or of stylized animals — fish are a speciality at the river settlement of Banpo. The distinctive Majiayao pottery, with orange bodies and black paint, is characterised by fine paste textures, thin walls, and polished surfaces; the almost complete lack of defects in excavated pots suggests a high level of quality control during production. Previously coil-forming was used for large vessels. Finds of vessels are mostly in burials; sometimes they hold the remains. By — BCE in the Dawenkou culture shapes later familiar from Chinese ritual bronzes begin to appear. One exceptional ritual site, Niuheliang in the far north, produced numerous human figurines, some about half life-size. On some Chinese definitions, the first porcelain was made in Zhejiang province during the Eastern Han dynasty. The dividing line between the two and true porcelain wares is not a clear one. The late Han years saw the early development of the peculiar art form of hunpingor "soul jar": a funerary jar whose top was decorated by a sculptural composition. This type of vessel became widespread during the following Jin dynasty — and the Six Dynasties. The tomb figures that were to recur in the Tang were popular across society, but with more emphasis than later on model houses and farm animals. Green-glazed potteryusing lead-glazed earthenware in part of the later formula, was used for some of these, though not for wares for use, as the raw lead made the glaze poisonous. During the Sui and Tang dynasties to ADa wide range of ceramics, low-fired and high-fired, were produced. These included the last significant fine earthenwares to be produced in China, mostly lead-glazed sancai three-colour wares. Many of the well-known lively tomb figureswhich were only made to be placed in elite tombs close to the capital in the north, are in sancaiwhile others are unpainted or were painted over a slip ; the paint has now often fallen off. The sancai vessels too may have been mainly for tombs, which is where they are all found; the glaze was less toxic than in the Han, but perhaps still to be avoided for use at the dining table. In the south, the wares from the Changsha Tongguan Kiln Site in Tongguan are significant for their first regular use of underglaze painting; examples have been found in many places in the Islamic world. However their production tailed off as underglaze painting remained a minor technique for several centuries. was the leading high-fired, lime-glazed of the period, and was of very sophisticated design, patronized by the court. This was also the case with the northern of kilns in the provinces of Henan and Hebeiwhich for the first time met the Western and Eastern definition of porcelain, being both pure white and translucent. They have in China a very fine clay with which they make vases which are as transparent as glass; water is seen through them. The vases are made of clay. The pottery of the Song dynasty has retained enormous prestige in Chinese tradition, especially that of what later became known as the " ". The artistic emphasis of Song pottery was on subtle glaze effects and graceful shapes; other decoration, where there was any, was mostly in shallow relief. Initially this was carved with a knife, but later moulds were used, with a loss of artistic quality. Painting was mostly used in the popular Cizhou ware. Green ware or were popular, both in China and in export markets, which became increasingly important during the period. Yue ware was succeeded by Northern Celadon and then in the south . White and black wares were also important, especially in Cizhou wareand there were polychrome types, but the finer types of ceramics, for the court and the literati, remained monochrome, relying on glaze effects and shape. A wide variety of styles evolved in various areas, and those that were successful were imitated in other areas. Whitish porcelain continued to be improved, and included the continuation of ware and the arrival of the qingbai which would replace it. The Liao, Xia and Jin were founded by non-literate, often nomadic people who conquered parts of China. Pottery production continued under their rule, but their own artistic traditions merged to some extent with the Chinese, producing characteristic new styles. The fine pottery of all these regions was mainly high-fired, with some earthenware produced because of its lower cost and more colourful glazes. Some of the clay used was what is called kaolinite in the West. In some cases stoneware was preferred for its darker colour or better working qualities. used the local clay, and when that was dark or coarse and they wanted a fine white body, they covered the clay with white slip before applying glaze. The Mongol Yuan dynasty enforced the movement of artists of all sorts around the Mongol Empire, which in ceramics brought a major stylistic and technical influence from the Islamic world in the form of blue and white porcelainwith underglaze painting in cobalt. This has been described as the "last great innovation in ceramic technology". This was a great contrast to the bright colours and complicated designs developed under the Yuan, whose organization was mostly based on Islamic artespecially metalwork, although the animal and vegetable motifs remained based on Chinese tradition. Export markets readily accepted the style, which has continued to be produced ever since, both in China and around the world. Because of this, improvements in water transportation and the re-unification under Mongol rule, pottery production started to concentrate near deposits of kaolinsuch as Jingdezhenwhich gradually became the pre-eminent centre for producing porcelain in a variety of styles, a position it has held ever since. The scale of production greatly increased, and the scale and organization of the kilns became industrialized, with ownership by commercial syndicates, much division of labourand other typical A Nice Lady in Shanghai and Other Stories: Turquoise Level of mass production. The saw an extraordinary period of innovation in ceramic manufacture. Kilns investigated new techniques in design and shapes, showing a predilection for colour and painted design, and an openness to foreign forms. Prior to this the cobalt had been brilliant in colour, but with a tendency to bleed in firing; by adding manganese the colour was duller, but the line crisper. Xuande porcelain is now considered among the finest of all Ming output. This esteem for relatively recent ceramics excited much scorn on the part of literati scholars such as Wen ZhenhengTu Longand Gao Lianwho is cited below ; these men fancied themselves arbiters of taste and found the painted aesthetic 'vulgar. In addition to these decorative innovations, the late Ming dynasty underwent a dramatic shift towards a market economy[40] exporting porcelain around the world on an unprecedented scale. Thus aside from supplying porcelain for domestic use, the kilns at Jingdezhen became the main production centre for large-scale porcelain exports to Europe starting with the reign of the Wanli Emperor — By this time, kaolin and pottery stone were mixed in about equal proportions. Kaolin produced wares of great strength when A Nice Lady in Shanghai and Other Stories: Turquoise Level to the paste; it also enhanced the whiteness of the body—a trait that became a much sought after property, especially when form blue-and-white wares grew in popularity. A Nice Lady in Shanghai and Other Stories: Turquoise Level sorts of variations were important to keep in mind because the large southern egg- shaped kiln varied greatly in temperature. Near the firebox it was hottest; near the chimney, at the opposite end of the kiln, it was cooler. The lengthy civil wars marking the transition from Ming to Qing caused a breakdown in the Imperial kilns system, forcing the managers to find new markets. The Transitional porcelain of about to the s saw a new style in painting, mostly in blue and white, with new subject-matter of landscapes and figures painted very freely, borrowing from other media. The later part of the period saw Europe joining the existing export markets. The produced very varied porcelain styles, developing many of the innovations of the Ming. The most notable area of continuing innovation was in the increasing range of colours A Nice Lady in Shanghai and Other Stories: Turquoise Level, mostly in overglaze enamels. A very significant trade in Chinese export porcelain with the West developed. Court taste was highly eclectic, A Nice Lady in Shanghai and Other Stories: Turquoise Level favouring monochrome wares, which now used a wide range of bright glaze colours. Special glazing effects were highly regarded; new ones were developed and classic Song wares imitated with great skill. But the court now accepted wares with painted scenes in both blue and white and the new bright polychrome palettes. Technical standards at Jingdezhen were remarkably high, though falling somewhat by the middle of the 19th century. Decoration, and sometimes shapes, became increasingly over-elaborate and fussy, and generally the Ming period is regarded as the greater; indeed in China this was the case at the time. By the 18th century the tradition had ceased to innovate in any radical way, and the vitality of painting declines. Primary source material on Qing dynasty porcelain is available from both foreign residents and domestic authors. China's Coronavirus Lockdown Sees Surge in Abandoned Pets | Time

Besides gaining a greater insight into China, these stories help VIOLET learners increase their Chinese reading and character recognition skills though meaningful and stimulating contexts. This anthology of stories contains a rich and colorful selection of enjoyable reading about China, covering a wide range of topics including Modern China, ancient fables, history, culture, lifestyles and the Chinese language. This anthology of stories contains a rich and colorful selection of enjoyable reading about China, covering a wide range of topics including modern China, ancient fables, history, culture, lifestyles and the Chinese language. Besides gaining a greater insight into China, these stories help learners increase their Chinese A Nice Lady in Shanghai and Other Stories: Turquoise Level and simplified character recognition skills through meaningful and stimulating contexts. At the same time, it also offers domestic and overseas tourists an opportunity to learn more about the local culture. Laoshe Teahouse…attracts many domestic and overseas tourists every day. Laoshe Teahouse was built in It is named after Laoshe, a famous Chinese writer, and Teahouse, his well-known modern. Guests can enjoy a variety of teas, refined desserts, and traditional snacks while attending shows. Since its opening, Laoshe Teahouse has been a destination for over forty heads of state and two million A Nice Lady in Shanghai and Other Stories: Turquoise Level from home and abroad. Besides gaining a greater insight into China, these stories help learners increase their Chinese reading and character recognition skills though meaningful and stimulating contexts. See More. It is named after Laoshe, a famous Chinese writer, and Teahouse, his well-known modern Cultural Insights that link to the story and give a deeper understanding of modern China drama. Macmillan Education. Published on Apr 22, Go explore. JLL Hong Kong | Commercial Real Estate | Investment Management

Are you struggling to improve your Chinese fluency? With that in mind, you might be interested to know that there are Chinese books in the marketplace that do exactly that — Chinese Readers. However, not all Chinese readers are equal, and we would like to present only the best recommendations to you — so we came up with this list of criteria for choosing Chinese readers. In addition to interactive subtitles in Chinese and English, each vocabulary word comes with in-depth notes related to grammar and usage information. FluentU takes real-world videos—like music videos, movie trailers, news and inspiring talks—and turns them into personalized language learning lessons. Download: This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you can take anywhere. Click here to get a copy. Like other graded readers, the main bulk of the series consists of lots of stories. However, what really stands out for this series is that, A Nice Lady in Shanghai and Other Stories: Turquoise Level it has many stories, these are excellent story choices for foreigners. Not bad for a leisurely reading session. With the brilliant artwork, level appropriate stories, dedicated Chinese Grammar Wiki pages, and availability in both simplified and traditional Chinese characters, we believe Mandarin Companion is the best series for Chinese learners who want to expand their Chinese proficiency through reading. As you can see, these have a much heavier Chinese flavour than the two series. Coupled with MP3 recordings, the Graded Chinese Reader series is great for Chinese learners who really want to challenge themselves with some advanced, but guided reading material. An excellent choice for upper intermediate to advanced learners who really want to challenge their Chinese reading ability with higher level prose. Out of all the Chinese Readers presented here, this might be the most challenging series yet. Coupled with comprehensive annotations to explain words, and cultural aspects of these works, this series is excellent for the advanced Chinese learner with ample Chinese reading experience, who wants to further their Chinese proficiency by reading contemporary prose. Reading is the essence of learning any language — and I hope you will enjoy taking up reading one of these Chinese readers in guiding you along reading in Chinese. If you want continue learning Chinese with A Nice Lady in Shanghai and Other Stories: Turquoise Level and authentic Chinese content, then you'll love FluentU. FluentU naturally eases you into learning Chinese language. Native Chinese content comes within reach, and you'll learn Chinese as it's spoken in real life. FluentU has a wide range of contemporary videos—like dramas, TV shows, commercials and music videos. In fact, below you'll even see the song "Let It Go" from the hit movie "Frozen":. FluentU App Browse Screen. FluentU brings these native Chinese videos within reach via interactive captions. You can tap on any word to instantly look it up. All words have carefully written definitions A Nice Lady in Shanghai and Other Stories: Turquoise Level examples that will help you understand how a word is used. Tap to add words you'd like to review to a vocab list. Interactive Transcripts on FluentU. FluentU's Learn Mode turns every video into a language learning lesson. You can always swipe left or right to see more examples for the word you're learning. The best part is that FluentU always keeps track of your vocabulary. It suggests content and examples based on the words you're learning. Start using FluentU on the website with your computer or tablet or, better yet, download the FluentU app from the iTunes or Google Play store. If you liked this post, something tells me that you'll love FluentU, the best way to learn Chinese with real-world videos. Experience Chinese immersion online! FluentU brings Chinese to life with real-world videos. Learning Chinese becomes fun and easy when you learn with movie trailers, music videos, news and inspiring talks. FluentU is a participant in the Amazon A Nice Lady in Shanghai and Other Stories: Turquoise Level LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon. Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon. We also participate in other affiliate advertising programs for products and services we believe in. Take your language learning to the next level with our popular e-book. By Baggio. Try FluentU for Free. All Rights Reserved. Contact Us Follow Us. Enter your e-mail address to get your free PDF!

https://cdn.sqhk.co/davidrashidci/iKqYFje/nelson-grammar-pupil-book-4-year-4p5-77.pdf https://static.s123-cdn-static.com/uploads/4571558/normal_5fc56476820ab.pdf https://static.s123-cdn-static.com/uploads/4575293/normal_5fc6bebc8a1a2.pdf https://cdn.sqhk.co/patriciabrightno/hamgdhg/voltaire-a-life-59.pdf https://static.s123-cdn-static.com/uploads/4569891/normal_5fc5373ce5e4c.pdf https://cdn.sqhk.co/joshuagallagherzn/jhicTZv/in-pursuit-of-spring-90.pdf