(Uppsala) : 1977.06.06-09

The Vikings Proceedings of the Symposium of the Faculty of Arts of Uppsala University June 6-9, 1977 Edited by Thorsten Andersson and Karl Inge Sandred Uppsala 1978 Distributor: Almqvist & Wiksell International, Stockholm, Sweden Contents Thorsten Andersson and Karl Inge Sandred Introduction 7 The Programme of the Symposium on the Vikings 9 KristjAn EldjArn, President of Iceland The Vikings. Some Introductory Remarks 11 1. Scalds and Ships. Viking Seamanship in the Light of Literature and Archaeology 21 P. H. Sawyer, Professor of Medieval History (Leeds) Wics, Kings and Vikings 23 OLE CRUMLIN-PEDERSEN, Head of the Institute of Maritime Archaeology, Danish National Museum (Roskilde) The Ships of the Vikings 32 Peter Hallberg, Professor of Literature (Goteborg) The Ship—Reality and Image in Old Norse Poetry 42 Peter Foote, Professor of Scandinavian Studies (London) Wrecks and Rhymes 57 Lars Hellberg, Professor of Scandinavian Place-Name Studies (Uppsala) Schwedische Ortsnamen und altwestnordische Dichtersprache 67 2. Scandinavian Influence on Language and Place-Names in the British Isles 79 Kenneth Cameron, Professor of English Language (Nottingham) The Minor Names and Field-Names of the Holland Division of Lincoln¬ shire 81 Gillian Fellows Jensen, Reader in English Place-Name Studies (Copen¬ hagen) Place-Name Evidence for Scandinavian Settlement in the Danelaw. A Re¬ assessment 89 Kristian Hald, Professor of Scandinavian Languages (Copenhagen) A-Mutation in Scandinavian Words in England 99 Margaret Gelling, Ph. D., President of the Council for Name Studies in Great Britain and Ireland (Birmingham) Norse and Gaelic in Medieval Man: the Place-Name Evidence 107 David Greene, Professor of Celtic Studies (Dublin) The Evidence of Language and Place-Names in Ireland 119 Angus McIntosh, Professor of English Language (Edinburgh) Middle English Word Geography: its Potential Role in the Study of the of the Scandinavian Long-Term Impact Settlements upon English . .124 3. Viking Society in Scandinavia. Evidence of Settlement and Administra¬ tion 131 John KousgArd S0RENSEN, Professor of Danish Language (Copenhagen) Typonymic Evidence for Administrative Divisions in Denmark in the Viking Age 133 Solve Goransson, Docent in Human Geography (Uppsala) Viking Age Traces in Swedish Systems for Territorial Organization and Land Division 142 Greta Arwidsson, Professor of Scandinavian Archaeology (Stockholm) Viking Society in Central Sweden. Traditions, Organization and Economy 154 Jakob Benediktsson, Editor of the Icelandic National Dictionary (Reykjavik) Some Problems in the History of the Settlement of Iceland 161 Charlotte Blindheim, Curator, Museum of Antiquities of Oslo Univer¬ sity Trade Problems in the Viking Age. Some Reflections on Insular Metalwork Found in Norwegian Graves of the Viking Age 166.

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John Lindow Professor Emeritus Department of Scandinavian University of California Berkeley CA 94720-2690 USA [email protected]
John Lindow Professor Emeritus Department of Scandinavian University of California Berkeley CA 94720-2690 USA [email protected] Curriculum Vitae Education: Harvard University, A.B. magna cum laude 1968, Ph.D. (Germanic Languages and Literatures), 1972 Research Focus: Old Scandinavian myth and religion Old Norse-Icelandic literature and culture Nordic folklore (Scandinavian, Finnish, Sámi, Greenlandic) Elections and Honors: Knights Cross of the Order of the Falcon, Republic of Iceland, 2018 Honorary Doctorate in Folkloristics, University of Iceland, 2018 Annual lecture, Viking Society for Northern Research, 2018 Elected to Society of Fellows, American Folklore Society, 2014 Fellow, Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study, Uppsala, 2013 Archer Taylor lecture, Western States Folklore Society, 2007 UC Berkeley Graduate Assembly Distinguished Faculty Mentoring Award, 2006 Richard Beck lecture, University of Victoria, 2004. Fulbright lecturer, University of Iceland, 2000 Sigurður Nordal lecture, Reykjavík, Iceland, 2000 UC Berkeley Humanities Faculty Fellowship, 2000-2001 Triebel lecture, The Australian Academy of the Humanities, 1993 President's Fellowship in the Humanities, University of California, 1989-90 Regents Faculty Fellowship, University of California, 1977-78 Memberships American Folklore Society International Society for Folk Narrative Research Gustav Adolfs Akademi för Folklivsforskning Society for the Advancement of Scandinavian Study Western States Folklore Society (President 2015-19) Bibliography of Academic Publications 2018 Article “The Challenge of Folklore to Medieval Studies.” In The Challenge of Folklore to the Humanities, ed. Dan Ben-Amos. special issue , Humanities 7 (1), 15; doi:10.3390/h7010015. http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0787/7/1/15 Article “Nordic Legends of the Churchyard.” In Storied and Supernatural Places: Studies in Spatial and Social Dimensions of Folklore and Sagas, ed.
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Jesse Byock. “Saga Form, Oral Prehistory, and the Icelandic Social Context.” New Literary History 16(1984-1985): 153-173. Saga Form, Oral Prehistory, and the Icelandic Social Context Jesse L. Byock HE Icelandic family sagas (the Íslendingasögur) are anonymous prose stories.1 They are not heroic epics, folktales, chronicles, or romances T but plausible vernacular tales about often real people who lived in Iceland in the period from the settlement in the 980s until about 1030. More than thirty major family sagas are extant; there are also many short stories called Þættir (sing. Þáttr). As a written literary form the sagas suddenly appeared at the end of the twelfth century, and their production ended abruptly in the early decades of the fourteenth century.2 Although no one denies a mixture of oral and literary elements, theories differ widely as to how much the sagas reflect an oral compositional prehistory and how much they reflect the artistry of a literate self-conscious author. The bitter controversy in the first half of the twentieth century over the extent of orality evidenced in the family sagas polarized scholars into "freeprosists" believing in the oral origin of saga narrative and "bookprosists" advocating a written origin.3 The two groups debated the issue of whether the family sagas were factually accurate arid hence memorized and essentially fixed texts or whether they were nonhistorical, late literary fictions. By the mid-1950s the bookprosists, led by the Icelanders Sigurður Nordal and Einar Ól. Sveinsson, had prevailed.4 In their view the sagas, though owing a small and undetermined debt to an oral prehistory, were literary stories created by Icelanders of the late twelfth and thirteenth centuries.5 In recent decades many saga scholars have bogged down in their attempts, largely frustrated, to prove that the family sagas as sophisticated narratives stemmed from some discernible European narrative model.
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NINE NORSE STUDIES by Gabriel Turville-Petre
VIKING SOCIETY FOR NORTHERN RESEARCH TEXT SERIES General Editors G. Turville-Petre and P. G. Foote VOLUME V NINE NORSE STUDIES By Gabriel Turville-Petre NINE NORSE STUDIES BY GABRIEL TURVILLE-PETRE Vigfusson Reader in and Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature, History, and Antiquities, in the University of Oxford Honorary Life Member of the Society VIKING SOCIETY FOR NORTHERN RESEARCH UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON Made in Great Britain and printed by Western Printing Services Ltd, Bristol © 1972 Gabriel Turville-Petre © 1972 Modern Humanities Research Association (Chapter viil, first published in the Modern Language Review and here reproduced by permission of the Editors). PREFACE The nine studies selected for publication in this volume were written over a number of years, although nothing that has ap peared since 1962 is included. Various minor amendments have been made, some references updated, and bibliographical and other conventions normalized throughout, doubtless not with perfect consistency. Postscripts have been added to five of the papers, showing that in some cases I have revised my opinions slightly. Two of the articles were first published in Icelandic. 'The Cult of 09inn' has been translated by me, 'Drottkvatt and Irish syllabic measures' by Professor Gearoid Mac Eoin, to whom I am most grateful, as I am also to Professor David Greene for re moving errors and suggesting improvements after the paper had been put into English. My thanks are also due to Mr P. Cahill who checked references in papers V, VI, and VII, and to Mr M. P. Barnes who read a proof of the whole book. Mr David Thomas, Honorary Member of the Society, has given unstinting help in designing the book and seeing it through the press.
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Bibliography Texts and Translations Adam of Bremen. Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum = Ham- burgische Kirchengeschichte. Ed. Bernhard Schmeidler. 3 rd ed. Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum in Usum Scholarum. Hannover and Leipzig: Hahn, 19 17 ; reprinted 1977. Agrip af Noregskonungasggum: A Twelfth-Century Synoptic History of the Kings o f Norway. Ed. and trans. M. [Matthew] J. Driscoll. Viking Society for Northern Research Text Series 10. London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 1995; reprinted 2008. The Complete Sagas o f Icelanders Including 49 Tales. Ed. Vidar Hreinsson. 5 vols. Reykjavik: Leifur Eiriksson Publishing, 1997. Fagrskinna. Ed. Finnur Jonsson. SUGNL 30. Copenhagen: S. L. Moller, 1902-1903. Fjorutrn Islendinga-pwttir. Ed. Porleifur Jonsson. Reykjavik: Kostnadarmadur Sigurdur Kristjansson, 1904. Fornaldarsogur nordurlanda. Ed. Gudni Jonsson. 4 vols. [Reykjavik]: Islend- ingasagnautgafan, 1954. Fwreyinga saga. Ed. Olafur Halldorsson. Reykjavik: Stofnun Arna Magnus- sonar, 1987. Hakonar saga Hakonarsonar. Ed. Gudbrand Vigfusson. Rolls Series 88. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1887. Hakonar saga Hakonarsonar etter Sth. 8 fol., AM 325 VIII, 4° og AM 304, 4°. Ed. Marina Mundt. Norrone Tekster 2. Oslo: I kommisjon hos For- lagssentralen, 1977. Hakonar saga Ivarssonar. Ed. Jon Helgason and Jakob Benediktsson. SUGNL 62. Copenhagen: J. Jorgensen, 1952. Islandske annaler indtil 1578. Ed. Gustav Storm. Christiania: Grondahl & Sons Bogtrykkeri, 1888. Konunga sogur. Vol. 1: Olafs saga Tryggvasonar eftir Odd munk; Helgisaga 216 Bibliography Olafs Haraldssonar; Brot ur elztu sogu Olafs helga. Ed. Gudni Jonsson. [Reykjavik]: Islendingasagnautgafan, 1957. Morkinskinna: Pergamentsbog fra f0rste halvdel a f det trettende aarhundrede. Ed. C. R. Unger. Christiania: Bentzens Bogtrykkeri, 1867. Morkinskinna. Ed. Finnur Jonsson. SUGNL 53. Copenhagen: J.
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98 Rezensionen belief in one of the dominant cultural para- jarne Fidjestøl. Selected Pa- digms of their day? On the other hand, if any pers, ed. Odd Einar Haugen medieval country was capable of developing and Else Mundal, trans. Peter an alternative view of kingship, it was Ice- Foote. The Viking Collection land, which for several centuries governed B 9. Odense: Odense University Press, itself without a monarch. Resistance to Nor- wegian rule had been important at other 1997. 406 pages. times in Iceland’s history (e.g., when the Ice- landers declined to grant King Olaf Haralds- These seventeen essays by the late and much son’s request for the island of Grímsey and missed Bjarne Fidjestøl are, like his longer a poll tax) and in other genres of its literature studies, characterized by intellectual courage (e.g., the plot of Egils saga revolves around and originality, methodological elegance, the hostility that Egill feels towards the and interpretive sensitivity. Their skillful En- sons of Haraldr hárfagri). The complex glishing by Peter Foote was a labour of love, and changing nature of Icelandic attitudes extending the knowledge and appreciation of towards the Norwegian parent society has the author’s work to readers outside Scan- been the subject of much research in recent dinavia. Fourteen of the articles originally years, and Ármann Jakobsson’s reconstruc- appeared in Norwegian (nynorsk), in jour- tion of the ideas about kings and kingship nals and volumes not easily accessible; two that underlie the individual sagas’ represen- are translated from German, and one, origi- tation of individual rulers is a valuable con- nally published in English, has here been tribution to a discussion that naturally tends rendered into a graceful, idiomatic form of to emphasize difference over similarity.
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International Journal of Language and Literature June 2020, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 1-11 ISSN: 2334-234X (Print), 2334-2358 (Online) Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved. Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development DOI: 10.15640/ijll.v8n1a1 URL: https://doi.org/10.15640/ijll.v8n1a1 Representation of Emotions in Indigenous Icelandic Riddarasögur Inna Matyushina and Peter John New1 Abstract The article is devoted to analysing the representation of emotions in Old Norse chivalric sagas (riddarasögur). Unlike the characters of French romances, who express their feelings in highly expressive monologues, the heroes of Old Norse riddarasögur, are portrayed as seldom showing their emotions and acting only after careful consideration of the implications of their deeds. In riddarasögur, changes in the representation of expressions of feelings remain within the Old Norse tradition of family sagas and kings’ sagas; it can be accounted for by the influence of indigenous models of behaviour and by the desire to satisfy the expectations of a contemporary Scandinavian audience. The subgenre of indigenous riddarasögur, which appear in Iceland, the so-called meykongr sögur (maiden-king sagas), is characterized by an inversion of gender roles, influencing the expression of emotions. Feelings are verbalised by men, whereas the heroines of maiden-king sagas prefer to act, verbally and physically humiliating their suitors (in Nitida saga the representation of emotions is used to distinguish a real maiden-king from a false one). The way the emotions of the heroines are implied by their actions in maiden-king sagas can be traced back to indigenous Scandinavian literary traditions.
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View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by eScholarship - University of California UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Previously Published Works Title Ecclesiastical literature and hagiography Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/40r7r9nr ISBN 9781472433305 Author Wellendorf, J Publication Date 2017 DOI 10.4324/9781315613628 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California 1 4 Ecclesiastical Literature and Hagiography Jonas Wellendorf, University of California, Berkeley Students of Old Norse literature and literary culture have long been aware that hagiographical and ecclesiastical literature has a longer written history in the North than the native saga genres. The earliest preserved Norwegian and Icelandic manuscripts, dating from the late twelfth century, primarily contain hagiographic or homiletic texts and other texts with a Latin background.1 Most of these texts had been edited (some more than once) by 1900, but scholars of this period nevertheless tended to prioritize the native narrative genres and the eddic and skaldic poetry that suited their political, national, and aesthetic sensibilities better than, say, the translated saints’ lives. As the Old Norse canon gradually took shape, the ecclesiastical literature and texts written in Latin were left by the wayside. The most comprehensive history of Old Norse literature ever published, Finnur Jónsson’s Den oldnorske og oldislandske litteraturs historie, is illustrative of this attitude.2 In his preface, Finnur Jónsson states that he aims to write a ‘fairly complete … critical description of the literature of both countries [Iceland and Norway]’.3 ‘Critical’ here should be understood in its most literal sense, and Finnur Jónsson’s harsh and frank opinions about the texts he discusses rarely fail to amaze readers of his literary history.
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College of William & Mary Law School William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository Faculty Publications Faculty and Deans 2018 Fiction in the Code: Reading Legislation as Literature Thomas J. McSweeney William & Mary Law School, [email protected] Repository Citation McSweeney, Thomas J., "Fiction in the Code: Reading Legislation as Literature" (2018). Faculty Publications. 1889. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/facpubs/1889 Copyright c 2018 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/facpubs FICTION IN THE CODE: READING LEGISLATION AS LITERATURE Thomas J. McSweeney* ABSTRACT One of the major branches of the field of law and literature is often described as "law as literature." Scholars of law as literature examine the law using the tools of literary analysis. The scholarship in this subfield is dominated by the discussion of narrative texts: confessions, victim-impact statements, and, above all, the judicial opinion. This article will argue that we can use some of the same tools to help us understand non-narrative texts, such as law codes and statutes. Genres create expectations. We do not expect a law code to be literary. Indeed, we tend to dissociate the law code from the kind of imaginative fiction we expect to find in a narrative text. This article will take a historical example, the medieval Icelandic legal manuscript known as Konungsb6k, and examine it for its fictional elements. This article will examine Konungsb6k for the ways in which it creates an imagined world, populated by free, equal householders, a world that was very different from the Iceland in which its creator lived.
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