DOCSLIB.ORG

Initial Environmental Evaluation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Initial Environmental Evaluation INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION For Ship-Based Tourism to the Antarctic Peninsula, South Shetland Islands and South Orkney Islands October 2007-March 2012 Update August 2008 Multi-Year Document 1 Initial Environmental Evaluation for Ship-Based Tourism to the Antarctic Peninsula, South Shetland Islands and South Orkney Islands October 2007 – March 2012 Update August 2008 Multi-Year Document CONTENTS OF IEE 1. CONTACT DETAILS ..................................................................................................... 6 2. NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY ............................................................................................. 7 2.1 Ship Operations and Insurance Provisions ............................................ In addition, the M.S. National Geographic Endeavour and National Geographic Explorer will also carry kayaks and a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV). ................ 8 2.2 Description of the Proposed Activity ................................................. 2.3 Alternatives ...................................................................... 2.4 Assessment of Potential Impacts ..................................................... 2.5 Minimization and Mitigation ....................................................... 2.6 Conclusion ....................................................................... 3. BACKGROUND ...................................................................................................................... 10 3.1 Scope of the Evaluation ............................................................. 3.2 Brief Company Descriptions ......................................................... 3.3 Ship Specifications ................................................................. 4. PROPOSED ACTIVITIES ..................................................................................................... 11 4.1 Proposed Itineraries ................................................................ 4.2 Purpose and Value of Antarctic Tourism .............................................. 4.3 Location and Duration .............................................................. 4.5 Description of Proposed Activity ..................................................... 4.5.1 “At Sea” ................................................................................................................................ 15 4.5.2 Landing Operations and Site Selection ................................................................................. 15 4.6 Sub-Antarctic Islands -- South Georgia and the Falkland Islands ........................................... 18 4.7 Opportunistic Landings ............................................................................................................ 18 5. ALTERNATIVES TO PROPOSED ACTIVITY ................................................................. 19 5.1 Changes to Itinerary ................................................................ 5.2 Changes to Sites Visited ............................................................. 5.3 Changes to Number of Passengers .................................................... 5.4 Changes to Vessel Used ............................................................. 5.5 Changes to Zodiac or Small Boat Usage ................................................................................. 20 5.6 Alternative of Not Proceeding with Cruise Program ................................... 2 6. POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF PROPOSED ACTIVITY ..................................................... 21 6.1 Affected Environment .............................................................. 2 6.2 Ship Operations ................................................................... 6.3 Passenger Activities Offshore and Zodiac and Small Boat Touring .......... 22 6.4 Passenger Activities Ashore .......................................................... 6.5 Cumulative Impacts ................................................................ 6.5.3 Ship Operations ..................................................................................................................... 29 6.5.4 Passenger Activities Offshore ............................................................................................... 29 6.5.5 Passenger Activities Ashore ................................................................................................. 29 6.5.6 Indirect and Cumulative Effects ........................................................................................... 30 7. MINIMIZATION AND MITIGATION ................................................................................ 32 7.2 Standard Operating Procedures ...................................................... 7.3 Itinerary Planning and Management .................................................. 7.4 Education and Experience of Staff .................................................... 7.5 Education of Passengers............................................................. 7.6 Landings ......................................................................... 7.7 Coordination of Vessels ............................................................. 7.8 Ship Operations ................................................................... 7.8.1 Oil and Oily Mixtures ........................................................................................................... 39 7.8.2 Garbage ................................................................................................................................. 39 7.8.3 Sewage .................................................................................................................................. 40 7.8.4 Ballast ................................................................................................................................... 41 7.8.5 Stack Emissions .................................................................................................................... 41 7.8.6 Avoidance of Harmful Interference with Biota .................................................................... 41 8. ASSESSMENT AND VERIFICATION ................................................................................ 42 9. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................ 42 APPENDICES .............................................................................................................................. 44 There are two types of Appendices. Section 11 includes those appendices attached to this document. Section 12 includes those appendices that will be incorporated by reference referring to a website location. *Note the IAATO website will be going through changes in the next 12 months and so exact reference files are not listed because they are likely to change. ................................................... 11 Appended Documents ............................................................ 11.1 Recommendation XVIII-I (1994) Guidance for Visitors to the Antarctic ... 44 11.2 Recommendation XVIII-1 (1994) Guidance for Those Organising and Conducting Tourism and Non-Governmental Activities in the Antarctic ....................... 44 11.3 Advance Notification ............................................................. 11.4 South Orkneys and Antarctic Peninsula Region Sites ................................. 44 11.5 Criteria Used by Expedition Leaders in Itinerary Planning and Site Selection for Expedition Cruising in the Antarctica Peninsula ........................................ 11.6 Boot, Clothing and Equipment Decontamination Guidelines for Small Boat Operations ...................................................................... 11.7 IAATO Procedures Upon the Discovery of a High Mortality Event .......... 44 11.8 Potential Impacts: Ship and Voyage Matrix ............................................ 11.14 Sample Table of Contents of the ISM for vessels ....................................... 3 12 Documents Incorporated by Reference ............................................. 12.1 Post Visit Report Parts 1 and 2 will have been amended for the 2007-2008 season. (Note this is an Excel File with drop down menus and is not easily viewed as a static document. (See www.iaato.org under “Operational Procedures” on the IAATO website.) ................................................................. 12.2 IAATO Bylaws (www.iaato.org under ‘About IAATO’). .......................... 45 Advance Notification .................................................................. *Note Appendix 11.3, Advance Notification-traditional document has been superseded by the new form created by the U.S. Department of State for the 2008-09 season. The website link to this document is http://demo.cerenade.com/Cerfs/edithtml.aspx?documentname=DS- 4131&categoryname=DS&width=1014 .............................................. A. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 62 B. Phase One: Planning ................................................................ C. Phase Two: Adjustments in Itineraries ................................................................................. 63 IAATO PROCEDURES UPON THE DISCOVERY OF A HIGH MORTALITY EVENT (adopted by IAATO in 2007)....................................................................................................................... 67 Information required for high mortality event report: .................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Introduction Itinerary
    ANTARCTICA - AKADEMIK SHOKALSKY TRIP CODE ACHEIWM DEPARTURE 10/02/2022 DURATION 25 Days LOCATIONS East Antarctica INTRODUCTION This is a 25 day expedition voyage to East Antarctica starting and ending in Invercargill, New Zealand. The journey will explore the rugged landscape and wildlife-rich Subantarctic Islands and cross the Antarctic circle into Mawsonâs Antarctica. Conditions depending, it will hope to visit Cape Denison, the location of Mawsonâs Hut. East Antarctica is one of the most remote and least frequented stretches of coast in the world and was the fascination of Australian Antarctic explorer, Sir Douglas Mawson. A true Australian hero, Douglas Mawson's initial interest in Antarctica was scientific. Whilst others were racing for polar records, Mawson was studying Antarctica and leading the charge on claiming a large chunk of the continent for Australia. On his quest Mawson, along with Xavier Mertz and Belgrave Ninnis, set out to explore and study east of the Mawson's Hut. On what began as a journey of discovery and science ended in Mertz and Ninnis perishing and Mawson surviving extreme conditions against all odds, with next to no food or supplies in the bitter cold of Antarctica. This expedition allows you to embrace your inner explorer to the backdrop of incredible scenery such as glaciers, icebergs and rare fauna while looking out for myriad whale, seal and penguin species. A truly unique journey not to be missed. ITINERARY DAY 1: Invercargill Arrive at Invercargill, New Zealand’s southernmost city. Established by Scottish settlers, the area’s wealth of rich farmland is well suited to the sheep and dairy farms that dot the landscape.
    [Show full text]
  • South Georgia and Antarctic Odyssey
    South Georgia and Antarctic Odyssey 30 November – 18 December 2019 | Greg Mortimer About Us Aurora Expeditions embodies the spirit of adventure, travelling to some of the most wild opportunity for adventure and discovery. Our highly experienced expedition team of and remote places on our planet. With over 28 years’ experience, our small group voyages naturalists, historians and destination specialists are passionate and knowledgeable – they allow for a truly intimate experience with nature. are the secret to a fulfilling and successful voyage. Our expeditions push the boundaries with flexible and innovative itineraries, exciting Whilst we are dedicated to providing a ‘trip of a lifetime’, we are also deeply committed to wildlife experiences and fascinating lectures. You’ll share your adventure with a group education and preservation of the environment. Our aim is to travel respectfully, creating of like-minded souls in a relaxed, casual atmosphere while making the most of every lifelong ambassadors for the protection of our destinations. DAY 1 | Saturday 30 November 2019 Ushuaia, Beagle Channel Position: 20:00 hours Course: 83° Wind Speed: 20 knots Barometer: 991 hPa & steady Latitude: 54°49’ S Wind Direction: W Air Temp: 6° C Longitude: 68°18’ W Sea Temp: 5° C Explore. Dream. Discover. —Mark Twain in the soft afternoon light. The wildlife bonanza was off to a good start with a plethora of seabirds circling the ship as we departed. Finally we are here on the Beagle Channel aboard our sparkling new ice-strengthened vessel. This afternoon in the wharf in Ushuaia we were treated to a true polar welcome, with On our port side stretched the beech forested slopes of Argentina, while Chile, its mountain an invigorating breeze sweeping the cobwebs of travel away.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinstrap Penguin Declines
    Author's personal copy Polar Biol DOI 10.1007/s00300-012-1230-3 ORIGINAL PAPER First direct, site-wide penguin survey at Deception Island, Antarctica, suggests significant declines in breeding chinstrap penguins Ron Naveen • Heather J. Lynch • Steven Forrest • Thomas Mueller • Michael Polito Received: 18 April 2012 / Revised: 25 July 2012 / Accepted: 31 July 2012 Ó Springer-Verlag 2012 Abstract Deception Island (62°570S, 60°380W) is one of 1986/1987. A comparative analysis of high-resolution satel- the most frequently visited locations in Antarctica, prompt- lite imagery for the 2002/2003 and the 2009/2010 seasons ing speculation that tourism may have a negative impact suggests a 39 % (95th percentile CI = 6–71 %) decline on the island’s breeding chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis (from 85,473 ± 23,352 to 52,372 ± 14,309 breeding pairs) antarctica). Discussions regarding appropriate management over that 7-year period and provides independent confirma- of Deception Island and its largest penguin colony at Baily tion of population decline in the abundance of breeding Head have thus far operated in the absence of concrete chinstrap penguins at Baily Head. The decline in chinstrap information regarding the current size of the penguin popu- penguins at Baily Head is consistent with declines in this lation at Deception Island or long-term changes in abun- species throughout the region, including sites that receive dance. In the first ever field census of individual penguin little or no tourism; as a consequence of regional environ- nests at Deception Island (December 2–14, 2011), we find mental changes that currently represent the dominant influ- 79,849 breeding pairs of chinstrap penguins, including ence on penguin dynamics, we cannot ascribe any direct link 50,408 breeding pairs at Baily Head and 19,177 breeding between chinstrap declines and tourism from this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Antarctic Primer
    Antarctic Primer By Nigel Sitwell, Tom Ritchie & Gary Miller By Nigel Sitwell, Tom Ritchie & Gary Miller Designed by: Olivia Young, Aurora Expeditions October 2018 Cover image © I.Tortosa Morgan Suite 12, Level 2 35 Buckingham Street Surry Hills, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia To anyone who goes to the Antarctic, there is a tremendous appeal, an unparalleled combination of grandeur, beauty, vastness, loneliness, and malevolence —all of which sound terribly melodramatic — but which truly convey the actual feeling of Antarctica. Where else in the world are all of these descriptions really true? —Captain T.L.M. Sunter, ‘The Antarctic Century Newsletter ANTARCTIC PRIMER 2018 | 3 CONTENTS I. CONSERVING ANTARCTICA Guidance for Visitors to the Antarctic Antarctica’s Historic Heritage South Georgia Biosecurity II. THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT Antarctica The Southern Ocean The Continent Climate Atmospheric Phenomena The Ozone Hole Climate Change Sea Ice The Antarctic Ice Cap Icebergs A Short Glossary of Ice Terms III. THE BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Life in Antarctica Adapting to the Cold The Kingdom of Krill IV. THE WILDLIFE Antarctic Squids Antarctic Fishes Antarctic Birds Antarctic Seals Antarctic Whales 4 AURORA EXPEDITIONS | Pioneering expedition travel to the heart of nature. CONTENTS V. EXPLORERS AND SCIENTISTS The Exploration of Antarctica The Antarctic Treaty VI. PLACES YOU MAY VISIT South Shetland Islands Antarctic Peninsula Weddell Sea South Orkney Islands South Georgia The Falkland Islands South Sandwich Islands The Historic Ross Sea Sector Commonwealth Bay VII. FURTHER READING VIII. WILDLIFE CHECKLISTS ANTARCTIC PRIMER 2018 | 5 Adélie penguins in the Antarctic Peninsula I. CONSERVING ANTARCTICA Antarctica is the largest wilderness area on earth, a place that must be preserved in its present, virtually pristine state.
    [Show full text]
  • Barrientos Island (Aitcho Islands) ANTARCTIC TREATY King George Is
    Barrientos Island (Aitcho Islands) ANTARCTIC TREATY King George Is. Barrientos Island visitor site guide Ferraz Station Turret Point (Aitcho Islands) Admiralty Bay Elephant Is. Maxwell Bay Penguin Island 62˚24’S, 59˚47’W - North entrance to English Strait Marsh/frei Stations Great Wall Station between Robert and Greenwich Islands. Bellingshausen Station Arctowski Station Artigas Station Jubany Station King Sejong Station Potter Cove Key features AITCHO Nelson Is. ISLANDRobert Is. - Gentoo and Chinstrap Penguins S Mitchell Cove - Southern Elephant Seals Greenwich Is. Robert Point - Geological features Fort Point Half Moon Is. Yankee Harbour - Southern Giant Petrels Livingston Is. - Vegetation Hannah Point Bransfield Strait Snow Is. Telefon Bay Pendulum Cove Gourdin Is. Deception Is. Baily Head Description Vapour Col Cape Whaler's Bay Dubouzet B. O'higgins Station TOPOGRAPHY This 1.5km island’s north coast is dominated by steep cliffs, reaching a height of approximatelyAstr 70olabe Cape Hope metres, with a gentle slope down to the south coast. The eastern and western ends of the island Island are Legoupil Bay black sand and cobbled beaches. Columnar basalt outcrops are a notable feature of the western end. a insul FAUNA Confirmed breeders: Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua), chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica), Pen inity southern giant petrel (Macronectes giganteus), kelp gull (LarusNorthwest dominicanus (Nw)), and skuas (Catharacta spp.). Tr Suspected breeders: Blue-eyed shag (Phalacrocorax atricepsSubar) andea Wilson’s storm-petrel (OceanitesBone Bay Tower Is. oceanicus). Regularly haul out: Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii), southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina), and from late December, Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus Trgazellainity Is. ). Charcot Bay FLORA The entire centre of the island is covered by a very extensive moss carpet.
    [Show full text]
  • Management Plan for Antarctic Specially Protected Area No. 116 NEW COLLEGE VALLEY, CAUGHLEY BEACH, CAPE BIRD, ROSS ISLAND
    Management Plan For Antarctic Specially Protected Area No. 116 NEW COLLEGE VALLEY, CAUGHLEY BEACH, CAPE BIRD, ROSS ISLAND 1. Description of values to be protected In 1985, two areas at Cape Bird, Ross Island were designated as SSSI No. 10, Caughley Beach (Recommendation XIII-8 (1985)) and SPA No. 20, New College Valley (Recommendation XIII-12 (1985)), following proposals by New Zealand that these areas should be protected because they contained some of the richest stands of moss and associated microflora and fauna in the Ross Sea region of Antarctica. This is the only area on Ross Island where protection is specifically given to plant assemblages and associated ecosystems. At that time, SPA No. 20 was enclosed within SSSI No. 10, in order to provide more stringent access conditions to that part of the Area. In 2000, SSSI No. 10 was incorporated with SPA No. 20 by Measure 1 (2000), with the former area covered by SPA No. 20 becoming a Restricted Zone within the revised SPA No. 20. The boundaries of the Area were revised from the boundaries in the original recommendations, in view of improved mapping and to follow more closely the ridges enclosing the catchment of New College Valley. Caughley Beach itself was adjacent to, but never a part of, the original Area, and for this reason the entire Area was renamed as New College Valley, which was within both of the original sites. The Area was redesignated by Decision 1 (2002) as Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) No. 116 and a revised Management Plan was adopted through Measure 1 (2006).
    [Show full text]
  • The Antarctic Treaty
    The Antarctic Treaty Measures adopted at the Thirty-ninth Consultative Meeting held at Santiago, Chile 23 May – 1 June 2016 Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs by Command of Her Majesty November 2017 Cm 9542 © Crown copyright 2017 This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. This publication is available at www.gov.uk/government/publications Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us at Treaty Section, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, King Charles Street, London, SW1A 2AH ISBN 978-1-5286-0126-9 CCS1117441642 11/17 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum Printed in the UK by the APS Group on behalf of the Controller of Her Majestyʼs Stationery Office MEASURES ADOPTED AT THE THIRTY-NINTH ANTARCTIC TREATY CONSULTATIVE MEETING Santiago, Chile 23 May – 1 June 2016 The Measures1 adopted at the Thirty-ninth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting are reproduced below from the Final Report of the Meeting. In accordance with Article IX, paragraph 4, of the Antarctic Treaty, the Measures adopted at Consultative Meetings become effective upon approval by all Contracting Parties whose representatives were entitled to participate in the meeting at which they were adopted (i.e. all the Consultative Parties). The full text of the Final Report of the Meeting, including the Decisions and Resolutions adopted at that Meeting and colour copies of the maps found in this command paper, is available on the website of the Antarctic Treaty Secretariat at www.ats.aq/documents.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 84, No. 78/Tuesday, April 23, 2019/Rules
    Federal Register / Vol. 84, No. 78 / Tuesday, April 23, 2019 / Rules and Regulations 16791 U.S.C. 3501 et seq., nor does it require Agricultural commodities, Pesticides SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The any special considerations under and pests, Reporting and recordkeeping Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978, as Executive Order 12898, entitled requirements. amended (‘‘ACA’’) (16 U.S.C. 2401, et ‘‘Federal Actions to Address Dated: April 12, 2019. seq.) implements the Protocol on Environmental Justice in Minority Environmental Protection to the Richard P. Keigwin, Jr., Populations and Low-Income Antarctic Treaty (‘‘the Protocol’’). Populations’’ (59 FR 7629, February 16, Director, Office of Pesticide Programs. Annex V contains provisions for the 1994). Therefore, 40 CFR chapter I is protection of specially designated areas Since tolerances and exemptions that amended as follows: specially managed areas and historic are established on the basis of a petition sites and monuments. Section 2405 of under FFDCA section 408(d), such as PART 180—[AMENDED] title 16 of the ACA directs the Director the tolerance exemption in this action, of the National Science Foundation to ■ do not require the issuance of a 1. The authority citation for part 180 issue such regulations as are necessary proposed rule, the requirements of the continues to read as follows: and appropriate to implement Annex V Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 Authority: 21 U.S.C. 321(q), 346a and 371. to the Protocol. et seq.) do not apply. ■ 2. Add § 180.1365 to subpart D to read The Antarctic Treaty Parties, which This action directly regulates growers, as follows: includes the United States, periodically food processors, food handlers, and food adopt measures to establish, consolidate retailers, not States or tribes.
    [Show full text]
  • CAPE EVANS, ROSS ISLAND (Including Historic Site and Monument Nos
    Measure 8 (2010) Annex Management Plan For Antarctic Specially Protected Area No. 155 CAPE EVANS, ROSS ISLAND (including Historic Site and Monument Nos. 16 and 17, the historic Terra Nova hut of Captain Robert Falcon Scott and its precincts and the Cross on Wind Vane Hill) 1. Description of Values to be Protected The significant historic value of this Area was formally recognised when it was listed as Historic Site and Monument Nos. 16 and 17 in Recommendation 9 (1972). An area containing both sites was designated as Specially Protected Area No. 25 in Measure 2 (1997) and redesignated as Antarctic Specially Protected Area 155 in Decision 1 (2002). The Terra Nova hut (Historic Site and Monument No. 16) is the largest of the historic huts in the Ross Sea region. It was built in January 1911 by the British Antarctic Terra Nova Expedition of 1910-1913, led by Captain Robert Falcon Scott, RN. It was subsequently used as a base by the Ross Sea party of Sir Ernest Shackleton’s Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914-1917. Historic Site and Monument No. 17 consists of the Cross on Wind Vane Hill, erected in the memory of three members of Shackleton’s Ross Sea party who died in 1916. In addition to this, two anchors from the ship Aurora of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, two instrument shelters (one on Wind Vane Hill and the other near the Terra Nova hut), several supply dumps and numerous artefacts are distributed around the site. Cape Evans is one of the principal sites of early human activity in Antarctica.
    [Show full text]
  • Antarctica, South Georgia & the Falkland Islands Field Report
    Antarctica, South Georgia & the Falkland Islands January 24 - February 14, 2019 ARGENTINA West Point Island Elsehul Bay Salisbury Plain Stromness Bay Grytviken Tierra Stanley del Fuego FALKLAND SOUTH Gold Harbour ISLANDS GEORGIA Drygalski Fjord SCOTIA SEA Ushuaia Elephant Island DRAKE Spightly Island PASSAGE Port Lockroy/ Cuverville Island LEMAIRE CHANNEL Wilhelmina Bay ANTARCTIC PENINSULA Saturday, January 26, 2019 Ushuaia, Argentina / Embark Island Sky Having arrived at the Arakur Hotel & Resort in Ushuaia the day before, and caught up on at least some sleep overnight, we set out this morning to explore Tierra del Fuego National Park. Guided by our ornithologist, Jim Wilson, our birders were first out, keen to find their target species, the Magellanic woodpecker. In this they were more than successful, spotting five, both males and females. Meanwhile, the rest of us boarded a catamaran and sailed the Beagle Channel towards the national park. En route we visited several small rocky islands, home to South American sea lions, imperial and rock cormorants (or shags), and South American terns. Disembarking in the national park at Lapataia Bay, we enjoyed lunch and walking trails through the southern beech forest with views of the Beagle Channel and Lago Roca before heading back to Ushuaia by bus. Awaiting us there was our home for the next few weeks, the Island Sky. Once settled in our cabins, we went out on deck to watch the lines being cast off and we sailed out into the Beagle Channel. Our Antarctic adventure had begun! Sunday, January 27 At Sea Our day at sea began with Jim introducing us to the birds of the Falkland Islands, and preparing us for our upcoming wildlife encounters.
    [Show full text]
  • Antarctic Treaty Handbook
    Annex Proposed Renumbering of Antarctic Protected Areas Existing SPA’s Existing Site Proposed Year Annex V No. New Site Management Plan No. Adopted ‘Taylor Rookery 1 101 1992 Rookery Islands 2 102 1992 Ardery Island and Odbert Island 3 103 1992 Sabrina Island 4 104 Beaufort Island 5 105 Cape Crozier [redesignated as SSSI no.4] - - Cape Hallet 7 106 Dion Islands 8 107 Green Island 9 108 Byers Peninsula [redesignated as SSSI no. 6] - - Cape Shireff [redesignated as SSSI no. 32] - - Fildes Peninsula [redesignated as SSSI no.5] - - Moe Island 13 109 1995 Lynch Island 14 110 Southern Powell Island 15 111 1995 Coppermine Peninsula 16 112 Litchfield Island 17 113 North Coronation Island 18 114 Lagotellerie Island 19 115 New College Valley 20 116 1992 Avian Island (was SSSI no. 30) 21 117 ‘Cryptogram Ridge’ 22 118 Forlidas and Davis Valley Ponds 23 119 Pointe-Geologic Archipelago 24 120 1995 Cape Royds 1 121 Arrival Heights 2 122 Barwick Valley 3 123 Cape Crozier (was SPA no. 6) 4 124 Fildes Peninsula (was SPA no. 12) 5 125 Byers Peninsula (was SPA no. 10) 6 126 Haswell Island 7 127 Western Shore of Admiralty Bay 8 128 Rothera Point 9 129 Caughley Beach 10 116 1995 ‘Tramway Ridge’ 11 130 Canada Glacier 12 131 Potter Peninsula 13 132 Existing SPA’s Existing Site Proposed Year Annex V No. New Site Management Plan No. Adopted Harmony Point 14 133 Cierva Point 15 134 North-east Bailey Peninsula 16 135 Clark Peninsula 17 136 North-west White Island 18 137 Linnaeus Terrace 19 138 Biscoe Point 20 139 Parts of Deception Island 21 140 ‘Yukidori Valley’ 22 141 Svarthmaren 23 142 Summit of Mount Melbourne 24 118 ‘Marine Plain’ 25 143 Chile Bay 26 144 Port Foster 27 145 South Bay 28 146 Ablation Point 29 147 Avian Island [redesignated as SPA no.
    [Show full text]
  • A New High-Latitude Record for the Macaroni Penguin (Eudyptes Chrysolophus) at Avian Island, Antarctica
    Polar Biol DOI 10.1007/s00300-010-0795-y SHORT NOTE A new high-latitude record for the macaroni penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus) at Avian Island, Antarctica K. B. Gorman • E. S. Erdmann • B. C. Pickering • P. J. Horne • J. R. Blum • H. M. Lucas • D. L. Patterson-Fraser • W. R. Fraser Received: 11 December 2009 / Revised: 10 March 2010 / Accepted: 13 March 2010 Ó Springer-Verlag 2010 Abstract On 20 and 22 January 2007, we observed observations are important for developing a better under- macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) on Avian standing of the natural history of the species along the Island, Antarctica, approximately 1° south of the Antarctic WAP. Circle along the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) near Adelaide Island, a new high-latitude observational record Keywords Bio-geographic range shift Á for the species within this region of the continent. Addi- Climate warming Á Eudyptes chrysolophus Á tionally, we report several extra-limital sightings of mac- Western Antarctic Peninsula Á Vagrancy aroni penguins over the last decade at relatively lower latitudes along the WAP near Anvers Island, including observations of breeding attempts. Although vagrancy Introduction cannot be ruled out as a possible causal factor in our observations, we hypothesize that a climate-induced shift The macaroni penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus) is cir- in the species’ bio-geographic range may be in progress. In cumpolar and sub-Antarctic in its breeding distribution this context, our observations are similar to the well-doc- (Parmelee 1992; Williams 1995). Breeding populations in umented range shifts and eventual establishment of the core of the species range occur on islands near the breeding populations by other sub-Antarctic penguin spe- Antarctic convergence in the southwest Atlantic and south cies along the WAP, over the last three decades, in Indian sectors of the Southern Ocean such as South response to regional climate warming.
    [Show full text]