Midamerica VIII 1981

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Midamerica VIII 1981 MIDAMERICA VIII The Year book of the Society for the Study of Midwestern Literature Edited by DAVID D. ANDERSON The Midwestern Press The Center for the Study of Midwestern Literature and Culture Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan 1981 In Honor of WRIGHT MoRRis Copyright 1981 by The Society for the Study of Midwestern Literature All rights reserved Printed in The United States of America •,; I PREFACE The appearance of MidAmerica VIII marks the first year of the Society's second decade. During the first, the Society estab­ lished itself as a vital force in understanding and defining the literature and culture of the region and the nation through its publications, its programs, and the scholarly and creative energy of its members, and the first year of the second decade insures that its role will continue, as the contents of this volume make clear. Included are three essays in honor of Wright Morris, to whom this volume is dedicated, two of which were presented at a special Society program in honor of Morris at San Francisco in December, 1979, and the text of the symposium "Midwestern Writers and the Nobel Prize," presented at Houston in Decem­ ber, 1980. Similar symposia will be featured at future programs in various cities, and the annual symposium "The Cultural Heri­ tage of the Midwest" and "The Midwest Poetry Festival," at which Midwestern poets read from their works, will be held in May, 1982 at East Lansing. The future of the Society seems as promising as the past has been productive. DAVID D. ANDERSON Contents Preface 5 Sinclair Lewis and the Nobel Prize David D. Anderson 9 Ernest Hemingway: A Reader's Perspectitve Roger J. Bresnahan 22 The "Figurine" in the China Cabinet: Saul Bellow and the Nobel Prize Marilyn Judith Atlas 36 The Problem of Unity in The Valley of Shadows John E. Hallwas 50 Brand Whitlock's Literary Reputation in Belgium, 1917-1934 Paul W. Miller 58 Willa Cather and the "American Metaphysic" Barry Gross 68 The Evanescense of Wright Morris's The Huge Season Richard Daverman 79 Consciousness Refracted: Photography and the Imagination in the Works of Wright Morris Joseph J. Wydeven 92 Some Observations on Wright Morris's Treatment of "My Kind of People, Self-Sufficient, Self-deprived, Self-unknowing" Keith Carabine 115 From Conroy to Steinbeck: The Quest for an Idiom of the People in the 1930s Douglas Wixson 135 The Westering Experience in Fulton County, Indiana: A Historical Study in Midwestern American Culture Robert Glen Deamer 151 The Annual Bibliography of Midwestern Literature: 1979 Editors: Robert Beasecker Donald Pady 161 SINCLAIR LEWIS AND THE NOBEL PRIZE . DAVID D. ANDERSON I The Award In 1867 an anonymous visitor to Chicago and what had been the Old Northwest a generation earlier essayed an enthusiastic projection of the future of the region and its accomplishment: In good time the western bottom lands ·will spontane­ ously grow poets. The American miod will be brought to maturity along the chain of Great Lakes, the banks of the Mississippi, the Missouri, and their tributaries .... There, on the rolling plains, will be formed a republic of letters, which, not governed like that on our seaboard by the gni"at literary powers of Europe, shall be free indeed. The winds sweep unhindered from the lakes to the Gulf and from the Alleghenies to the Rocky Mountains; arid so do the thoughts of the Lord of the prairie.... Some day he will make his own books as well as his own laws . all the arts of the world will come arid make obeisance to him. He will be the American man and beside him there will be none else. Sixty-three years later, in the late summer of 1930 it appeared that obeisance would finally be made by those who determioed the recipient of the world's most prestigious if controversial literary prize. It was common knowledge in Stockholm that an American would be the recipient of the N abel Prize for Literatore in 1930, the first American to be so honored in the twenty-nine­ year history of the prize. William Dean Howells, Henry James, and Mark Twain had been overlooked by the committee in their later years, but in 1930 the consensus of the committee was that American literature had come of age. Shortly before the awards 9 10 MIDAMERICA VIII Sinclair Lewis and the Nobel Prize 11 were made the Stockholm Dagens Nyheter published three arti­ grace and a significant recognition of the maturity of American cles on the new American literature, a general article and two literature. specific articles on Sinclair Lewis of Sauk Center, Minnesota, and But the Swedish Academy was both more succinct and more Theodore Dreiser of Terre Haute, Indiana, believed to be the effusive. The official citation stated siroply that "The 1930 Nobel two Americans seriously considered for the award. prize in literature is awarded to Sinclair Lewis for his powedul In the Nobel Committee Lewis was formally nominated by and vivid art of description and his ability to use wit and humor Professor Henrik Schuk, University of Uppsala professor of the in the creation of original characters." Unprecedentedly, how­ history of art and literature-no record has been kept of Dreiser's ever, on December 10, 1930, Erik Axel Karlfeldt, permanent sec­ nominator-and the special three-person literature committee of retary of the Swedish Academy, addressed that group at length. the Academy voted two to one for Lewis, Anders Osterling for His topic was ''Why Sinclair Lewis Got the Nobel Prize." Dreiser and Per Hallstrom and Erik Axel Karlfeldt for Lewis. Professor Karlfeldt's address might have been writte'\ by that Osterling himself later commented that Lewis's "gay virtuosity anonymous visitor to the Midwest sixty-three years earlier. First and flashing satire" prevailed over the more substantial but he discussed Lewis's origins in "Sauk Centre, a place of about "ponderous and solenm" Dreiser. two or three thousand inhabitants in the great wheat and barley On November 5, when the award was announced, the reac­ land of Minnesota." He continued, tions were predictable. Lewis, who had previously-and rather It is the great prairie, an undulating land with lakes snidely-refused election to both the National Institute of Arts and oak groves, that has produced that little city and many and Letters and the Author's Club in 1922 and turned down the others exactly like it. The pioneers have had need of places Pulitzer Prize for Arrowsmith in 1926, commented initially that to sell their grain, stores for their supplies, banks for their he would use the prize money "to support a well-known young mortgage loans, physicians for their bodies and clergymen American author and his family, and to enable him to continue for their souls. There is cooperation between the country writing." Dreiser brooded silently, and his friends sent hiro dozens and the city and at the same time conflict. Does the city of adverse criticisms of Lewis; Sherwood Anderson said that exist for the sake of the country or the country for the city? Lewis had received the prize "because his sharp criticism of The prairie makes its power felt .... But yet the city, American life catered to the dislike, distrust, and envy which of course, feels its superiority ... lives in its self-confidence most Europeans feel toward the United States;" Benjamin DeCas­ and its belief in true democracy, ... its faith in a sound seres, in Bookman, wrote that in giving Lewis the award, ''Europe business morality, and the blessings of being motorized; gave America the worst back-handed crack in the jaw she ever for there are many Fords on Main Street.... got, for Babbitt is America." But the Manchester Guardian He turned then to Lewis's works, those of the 1920s, from praised Lewis and the choice; Bernard Shaw commented that Main Street to Dodsworth. Of the former, he said, "As a descrip· Lewis's criticisms were not true only of Americans, but that tion of life in a small town, Main Street is certainly one of the Americans are convinced they are unique. American newspapers best ever written;" of Babbitt, "There are bounders and Philistines in general, in spite of reservations about Lewis's subject matter, in all countries, and one can only wish that they were all half were delighted, agreeing with Harry Hansen in the New York as amusing as Babbitt;" of Arrowsmith, "The book contains a rich World that "It is a recognition that evolving America is a suit­ gallery of different medical types .... He has built a monument able theme for the novelist, and that Sinclair Lewis is representa· to the profession of his own father;" of Elmer Gantry, "It ought tive." But others compiled lists of American authors more repre­ to be unnecessary to point out that hypocrisy thrives a little sentative or more deserving, and the award to Lewis remains everywhere and that any one who attacts it at such a close range controversial. Recently, his award has been called both a dis- places himself before a hydra with many heads;" of Dodsworth, Sinclair Lewis and the Nobel Prize 12 MIDAMERICA VIII 13 "America is. the land of youth and daring experiments. And Anderson, that he "viciously errs in considering sex as important when he [Dodsworth] returns there, we understand that the a force in life as fishing;" Hergesheimer, that he is "unAmerican;" heart of Sinclair Lewis follows him there." He concluded, Sinclair, that he is a "Socialist;" Hemingway, that he "uses lan­ guage which should be unknown to gentlemen." Yes Sinclair Lewis is an American.
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