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The Ritual Year 11 THE RITUAL YEAR 11 Traditions and Transformation Edited by Guzel Stolyarova, Irina Sedakova, and Nina Vlaskina Kazan—Moscow 2016 UDC 394.2 T44 Editor-in-Chief: Emily Lyle Editors for This Issue: Guzel Stolyarova, Irina Sedakova, Nina Vlaskina Emily Lyle, Nancy McEntire, Zilia Balkansky-Sellés, Elizabeth Warner Language Editors: James Deutch, Suzy Harrison, Cozette Griffin-Kremer, Layout, Front Cover Design: Nina Vlaskina Front Cover Photos: Lina Gergova, Sergey Rychkov Advisory Board: Maria Teresa Agozzino, Marion Bowman, Jenny Butler, Molly Carter, Kinga Gáspár, Evy Håland, Aado Lintrop, Neill Martin, Lina Midholm, Tatiana Minniyakhmetova, David Stanley, Elizabeth Warner THE RITUAL YEAR 11: Traditions and Transformation. T44 The Yearbook of the SIEF (Société Internationale d’Ethnologie et de Folklore) Working Group on the Ritual Year. Kazan— Moscow: T8, 2016. 296 pp. ISSN 2228-1347 ISBN 978-5-519-50417-1 (paper) The eleventh volume in the series “The Ritual Year” is entitled “Traditions in the issue—the preservation of archaic rituals and customs and the modi- and Transformation”. These keywords define the principal areas explored - ficationsonstrate fundamentalthat they are changes currently in undergoing.the attitudes The towards twenty-one local traditions articles byin scholarstheir preserved, from nine revived, countries or invented are based versions. mainly on field research and dem Printed by T8, Volgogradsky Avenue, 42-5, Moscow, Russia © Authors © SIEF Working Group on The Ritual Year 3 Contents Foreword .....................................................................................................................5 Plenary Rozalinda Musina (Kazan, Russia) Muslim Family Ceremonies in the Life of Contemporary Tatars: Traditions and Innovations ..........................................................13 Terry Gunnell (Reykjavik, Iceland) The Development and Role of the Fjallkona (Mountain Woman) in Icelandic National Day Celebrations and Other Contexts ...........22 Helena Ruotsala (Turku, Finland) The Role and Meaning of Fictive Rituals in Cultural Tourism ........41 Jonas Mardosa (Vilnius, Lithuania) Feast of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary (Žolinė) in the Ethnoconfessionally Mixed Environment of Modern Vilnius ..........53 Ildikó Lehtinen (Helsinki, Finland) Mari Ritual Practices as Representation ................................................67 Articles Svetlana Amosova (Moscow, Russia) Blood Libel Legend in Latgale: Types of Narratives ..........................83 Lina Russia and the USSR in the Bulgarian National Ritual Year ..........91 Gergova (Sofia, Bulgaria) a Gierek (Kraków, Poland) Transformation in the Polish Festival of Harvest............................. 104 Bożen Petko Hristov ( Village Kurban as the Constructing of Local Identity and the RitualSofia, Process Bulgaria) in Post-Socialist Bulgaria and the Republic of Macedonia ............................................................... 120 Marlene Hugoson (Uppsala, Sweden) Midwinter Masking: Place and Identity in an Ironworks Community ...................................................................................................... 135 4 Aleksandra Ippolitova (Moscow, Russia) Rituals of Herb-Gathering in M. Velyakov’s Manuscript of the 1890s: Transformation of Tradition ......................................... 150 Elena Iugai (Moscow, Russia) “From This Place You Cannot Hear Speech. From This Place You Cannot Receive a Letter”: The Letter-Message in Russian Funeral Lamentations .................. 165 Mare Kõiva (Tartu, Estonia) The Ritual Year of Domestic Animals: Zoofolkloristic Aspects .... 185 Andres Kuperjanov (Tartu, Estonia) The Relationship Between the Folk Calendar and Folk Astronomy Heritage .................................................................. 201 Tatiana Minniyakhmetova (Innsbruck, Austria) Sacred Rituals and Calendar Festivities in the Annual Cycle of Udmurts ........................................................................................... 215 Rasa Vilnius, Lithuania) The Family and the Ritual Year in the Modern Lithuanian City ......224 Paukštytė-Šaknienė ( Sergey Rychkov (Kazan, Russia) Transformation of Festive Culture of the Russian Rural Population: Regional Dimension ............................................... 237 Guzel Stolyarova, Alsu Enikeeva (Kazan, Russia) Modern Folk Festivals in Tatarstan: The Paths of Development and Their Specific Features ...................................... 247 s Vilnius, Lithuania) Ethnic and Confessional Aspects of a Holiday Žilvytiin the Šaknys City of ( Vilnius ..................................................................................... 258 Elena Uzeneva (Moscow, Russia) The Calendar Rites of the Muslim Bulgarians— at the Crossroads of the Сultures............................................................ 271 Liisa Vesik (Tartu, Estonia) The Evolution of Valentine’s Day in Socialist and Post-Socialist Times ............................................................................ 282 Our Authors .......................................................................................................... 294 5 Foreword The eleventh issue of the annual volume “The Ritual Year” is entitled “Traditions and Transformation.” We do not argue, however, that this topic is new for our SIEF Working Group, since changes in the tradi- tion and the tradition as such have been touched upon from its very and publications. first academic steps both during the conferences and in discussions This time we decided to fully concentrate on the correlation between tradition and transformation, to shed light on the preservation of - plesarchaic in the rituals form andof feasts, customs rituals and and the customs, modifications but still they it is aare dynamic going andthrough. evolving Festive system. culture The demonstrates modern world the cannotage-old beexperience imagined of with peo- out the collision and interpenetration of various cultures, due to glo- balised commercial processes, migration, cultural contacts, techni- cal innovations, mass-media activity, Internet, and other forces. The transformations can be traced not only in individual perceptions of celebrationfestive culture but of in many the structure peoples ofis thebeing festivals seriously and modified, the ritual and year the as a whole. Any festival is an aesthetic and social event which consists of a set of cultural elements that were designed in the course of a long history of the development of human beings and society to serve the ideological and religious (or atheistic) needs of the peoples and gov- ernments. This design is being cosmetically or drastically changed in accordance with the social environment and historical events. Peri- peak popularity and vice versa. ods of decline of some festive complexes are being followed by their During the last three decades, scholars have collected data on the ofritual several year anthropological,in different regions ethnological, and countries folkloristic and in andboth interdisciurban and- plinaryrural settings. themes: The ideas the scholars in this field share take account – The ethnicity of a holiday: from the local to the global – A festival as an intercultural phenomenon – Festival as a commercial brand and its role in the development of tourism 6 Foreword – The Ritual Year: traditions and novelties in academic investigation – Collective and personal aspects of a holiday – Authenticity—novelties—the imaginary – The festive and everyday spheres – Religious, patriotic, etc. feelings and emotions in the Ritual Year – Transformation in the visual and verbal parts of a festival –These General questions and specific have beenchanges discussed in calendric in Kazan, and life-cycleRussian Federation,rituals. at the 11th International Conference of the WG “The Ritual Year” in June 2015. The locus of the annual gathering of the members of the WG gave rise to at least two novelties. First of all, many more (than usual) participants from Russia managed to come to the conference (and fewer non-Russians took part in it), and the methodology of Russian / Soviet classical humanitarian (ethnological, sociological, religious, folkloric, historical, etc.) was widely represented. Another mostly the multinational Republic of Tatarstan, of which Kazan is the capital,novelty withwas thatits interesting the very data mosaic presented of Christian and analysedand Muslim exemplified denomi- nations. Discussion was not restricted to it, however, and other peo- ples and minorities (be they ethnic or religious) were also studied. The rituals and feasts of the ethno-local groups of the Volga regions were discussed in some detail, and special attention was given to Is- lamic rituals and rites in their present state. The present volume is divided into two parts. The plenary papers are in alphabetical order, since the articles have so much in common re- presented in the first part. The papers in the second part are arranged it was not possible to draw thematic divisions between them. This ar- garding the problems and ideas applied to different ethnic groups that concentrationrangement is also of all explained the articles by theon the fact main that atheme noticeable of the and book. important So “Tra- ditionsdifference and fromTransformation” previous issues have ofdominated the annual in “Theevery Ritualsingle Year”article. is the Five articles comprise the plenary section. The article by Rozalinda Musina (Russia) Muslim Family Ceremonies in the Life of Contempo-
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