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Animation & Game Design FOUNDATIONS IN MEDIA AND DIGITAL DESIGN: ANIMATION & GAME DESIGN TEACHER GUIDE THE ANIMATED WORLD dma.edc.org Education Development Center, Inc. Carissa Baquiran, Kristen Bjork, Jen Clarke, Jennifer Davis-Kay, Maria D’Souza, Eliza Fabillar, Roser Giné, Ilene Kantrov, Nahia Kassas, Patricia Konarski, Emily McLeod, Kate McQuade, Katie Loesel, Cynthia Orrell, Elena Palanzi, Susan Timberlake, Jason Tranchida, Susan Richmond. © Education Development Center, Inc. 2010. All rights reserved. Downloading or photocopying for noncommercial educational use is acceptable. This work may not be reproduced or otherwise disseminated for any other purpose without the express written consent of EDC. Please contact EDC’s associate general counsel to inquire about gaining EDC’s written consent. Contact Education Development Center, Inc. 55 Chapel Street, Newton, MA 02458-1060, USA Phone: 617.969.7100 · Fax: 617.969.5979 · TTY: 617.964.5448 www.edc.org ISBN 978-0-89292-591-9 Web Site dma.edc.org Development Partners The James Irvine Foundation Anne Stanton, Rogéair Purnell, Kathryn Furano, Matt Kelemen ConnectEd: The California Center for College and Career Gary Hoachlander, Paula Hudis, Pier Sun Ho, Khahn Bui, Dave Yanofsky DIGITAL/MEDIA/ARTS: ANIMATION & GAME DESIGN UNIT 1: THE ANIMATED WORLD © Education Development Center, Inc. 2010 Advisors Industry and Community Advisors Deborah Brooks Melissa Malinowsky Brock Ramirez The ACME Network Independent Photo Editor Knowledge Adventure Milton Chen, PhD Erik Mason Chris Runde The George Lucas Educational Foundation Imaginary Forces Bay Area Video Coalition (BAVC) Michael Feldman Dave Master Jessica Sack Independent Sound Editor The ACME Network Yale University Art Gallery Marilyn Friedman Kathleen Milnes John Tarnoff DreamWorks Animation LLC The Entertainment Economy Institute DreamWorks Animation LLC Pete Galindo Dan Norton Moriah Ulinskas Independent Video Consultant and Educator Filament Games Bay Area Video Coalition (BAVC) Patrick Jensen Scot Osterweil Eric Zimmerman DreamWorks Animation LLC The Education Arcade Gamelab Kate Johnson John Perry EZTV The ACME Network Secondary Educators and Pilot Teachers *We are particularly grateful for the suggestions and guidance of the teachers who pilot tested the curriculum. George Burdo* Soma Mei-Sheng Frazier Matt Maurin* Grant Communications Technology Magnet, Oakland School for the Arts, Oakland, CA Edison High School, Stockton, CA Los Angeles, CA Shivohn Garcia Jack Mitchell Joel Buringrud* Paul Cuffee School, Providence, RI California Department of Education Harmony Magnet Academy, Strathmore, CA Lorena Guillen* Frank Poje Pam Carter John Muir High School, Pasadena, CA History-Social Science Educator Santa Susana High School, Simi Valley, CA John Hammelmann* Carlos Robles* Deborah Claesgans Harmony Magnet Academy, Strathmore, CA Media Arts Lead Teacher, Los Angeles, CA Arts Education Branch, Shawn Loescher Nicholas Rogers Los Angeles Unified School District Office of College, Career & Technical Career Development Unit, DACE, Cathee Cohen Education, San Diego Unified School District Los Angeles Unified School District Grover Cleveland High School, Caroline Lorimer* Mark Rosseau* Los Angeles, CA Metropolitan High School, Los Angeles, CA Richmond High School, Richmond, CA Virginia Eves Gail Marshall* Shawn Sullivan Office of College, Career & Technical Van Nuys High School, Los Angeles, CA Sheldon High School, Elk Grove, CA Education, San Diego Unified School District Post-Secondary Educators Kristine Alexander Evarist Giné Casey Reas The California Arts Project, Professor of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles California State University University of Connecticut Carl Rosendahl John Avakian Samuel Hoi Carnegie Mellon University- Community College Multi-media Otis College of Art and Design, CA Silicon University Campus and Entertainment Initiative David Javelosa Guy Smith College of San Mateo, CA Santa Monica Community College, CA Santa Barbara City College, CA Brandi Catanese Jack Lew Matt Williams University of California, Berkeley Center for Emerging Media, Institute for Multimedia Literacy, Elizabeth Daley University of Central Florida University of Southern California School of Cinematic Arts, Sue Maberry Holly Willis University of Southern California Otis College of Art and Design, CA Institute for Multimedia Literacy, Amy Gantman University of Southern California Tara McPherson Otis College of Art and Design, CA University of Southern California Ellen Winner Project Zero, Carol Murota Harvard Graduate School of Education, MA University of California, Berkeley DIGITAL/MEDIA/ARTS: ANIMATION & GAME DESIGN UNIT 1: THE ANIMATED WORLD © Education Development Center, Inc. 2010 Contents Unit Overview...............................................................................................................1 Unit Project Description ............................................................................................. 2 Assessment ....................................................................................................................... 2 Framing Questions ........................................................................................................ 3 Understandings .............................................................................................................. 3 Technical Skills Taught and Practiced .................................................................. 3 Where the Unit Fits In ................................................................................................. 4 Connections to Integrated Academic Units .................................................... 6 Career Connections ...................................................................................................... 7 Table of Activities .......................................................................................................... 8 Advance Preparation ................................................................................................. 12 Part 1: Introduction to Animation ......................................................... 13 Activity 1A: The Principles of Animation ........................................................ 13 Activity 1B: Follow the Bouncing Ball .............................................................. 46 Part 2: Finding the Right Story.................................................................. 77 Activity 2A: Developing the Story ...................................................................... 77 Activity 2B: Developing the Character ............................................................ 95 Activity 2C: All About Walk Cycles ................................................................... 110 Part 3: Creating the Animation ............................................................... 121 Activity 3A: Creating Storyboards .................................................................... 121 Activity 3B: Drawing the Moment ................................................................... 136 Activity 3C: Creating Digital Animations ...................................................... 144 Part 4: Pitching the Work ............................................................................. 146 Activity 4A: Preparing for the Pitch ................................................................. 146 Activity 4B: Pitch Session ...................................................................................... 150 DIGITAL/MEDIA/ARTS: ANIMATION & GAME DESIGN UNIT 1: THE ANIMATED WORLD © Education Development Center, Inc. 2010 Appendix A: Additional Animation Exercises ............................................... 151 Appendix B: Flipbook Pages ................................................................................... 153 Appendix C: Notes on the Bouncing Ball Straight-Ahead Animation ..................... 157 Appendix D: Interviewing Techniques .............................................................. 160 Appendix E: Sample Character Designs ........................................................... 163 Materials Needed ......................................................................................................... 167 Media & Resources ...................................................................................................... 174 Standards .......................................................................................................................... 183 Bibliography .................................................................................................................... 186 DIGITAL/MEDIA/ARTS: ANIMATION & GAME DESIGN UNIT 1: THE ANIMATED WORLD © Education Development Center, Inc. 2010 Unit Overview Long before the advent of motion pictures, humans made devices Unit Length that used drawings to create the illusion of motion. Although the 45 50-minute sessions technology of the devices has evolved, the basic principles remain the same. Animation is a powerful means of creating works that entertain, enlighten, and amaze us. In this unit, students learn first-hand the techniques and principles of animation. They learn hand-drawn pencil-and-paper animation, starting with the classic task of animating a bouncing ball. Students then learn computer-generated 2-D animation. Throughout the unit, they analyze animated movies made in a variety of animation forms and styles, looking at how the movies use the principles of animation as well as the elements of art and principles
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