Escola De Comunicação, Artes E Design Pós-Graduação Em Comunicação Social Doutorado Em Comunicação Social

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Escola De Comunicação, Artes E Design Pós-Graduação Em Comunicação Social Doutorado Em Comunicação Social ESCOLA DE COMUNICAÇÃO, ARTES E DESIGN PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM COMUNICAÇÃO SOCIAL DOUTORADO EM COMUNICAÇÃO SOCIAL JANAINA DOS SANTOS GAMBA SCHÖPFER UND KREATUR: FRITZ LANG E O PERSONAGEM DR. MABUSE PELO OLHAR DA IMPRENSA (1920-1990) PORTO ALEGRE 2019 ESCOLA DE COMUNICAÇÃO, ARTES E DESIGN PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM COMUNICAÇÃO SOCIAL DOUTORADO EM COMUNICAÇÃO SOCIAL SCHÖPFER UND KREATUR: FRITZ LANG E O PERSONAGEM DR. MABUSE PELO OLHAR DA IMPRENSA BRASILEIRA (1920 - 1990) JANAINA DOS SANTOS GAMBA Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Comunicação Social da Escola de Comunicação, Artes e Design, para a obtenção do título de Doutora em Comunicação Social. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Roberto Tietzmann PORTO ALEGRE 2019 2 3 Nome: Janaina dos Santos Gamba Título: Schöpfer und Kreatur: Fritz Lang e o personagem Dr. Mabuse pelo olhar da imprensa brasileira (1920 - 1990) Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação Social da Escola da Comunicação, Artes e Design da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul para a obtenção do título de Doutora em Comunicação Social. Aprovado em: __/__/__ Banca examinadora Orientador: Prof. Dr. Roberto Tietzmann Instituição: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Assinatura: ____________________ Prof. Dr. Carlos Gerbase. Instituição: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Julgamento: __________ Assinatura: ___________________ Prof. Dr. Luciano Aronne de Abreu. Instituição: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Julgamento: __________ Assinatura: ___________________ Profª. Drª. Miriam de Souza Rossini. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Julgamento: __________ Assinatura: ___________________ Prof. Dr. Vinícius Aurélio Liebel. Instituição: Universidade Federal Fluminense Julgamento: __________ Assinatura: ___________________ 4 Dedicatória Für Oma Eva (in memorian). 5 Agradecimentos Ao meu orientador, Tietz, pela amizade, paciência, companheirismo, “Arte & Educação”, confiança em mim e no meu trabalho, durante todos esses anos. Do alvorecer desta tese, até o momento final. Ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação Social da PUCRS, por terem me aceito em mais uma etapa tão importante da minha vida acadêmica. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) pela concessão da bolsa. Aos meus pais, mana e Vi por terem me proporcionado tudo durante toda a minha vida, pelo amor incondicional, risadas, abraços, piadas, broncas e por me levarem a querer ser uma filha melhor e um ser humano melhor. À Daisy, minha catiora reflexiva, por ser essa doguinha iluminada, que tem paciência com a humana dela. Ao Mitcho, meu gato-sobrinho, por não ter paciência nenhuma e deitar em cima do notebook ou dos livros. Aos melhores amigos e super heróis que alguém poderia ter: Flávia Pasquotto, Jeferson K. Couto, Keila Reis e Mateus Paul. Vocês são a família que eu escolhi ter, fazem com que eu me sinta amada. 6 “Todos os meus filmes alemães e os melhores dos meus americanos lidam com o destino, eu não acredito mais em destino. Todos mundo faz o destino por si mesmo. Você pode aceitar isso, ou pode negar e ir em frente. Não há algo misterioso, nenhum Deus que coloca o destino em você. É você mesmo quem faz o destino”. - Discurso de Lang na ocasião de homenagem recebida pelo Directors Guild, em 1973. “Nós somos psiquiatras; nós somos alemães; nós lemos Nietzsche; nós sabemos que encarar um monstro durante muito tempo é o risco de se tornar um”. - Richard Huelsenbeck, artista dadaísta. 7 Resumo O diretor austríaco Fritz Lang (1890 – 1973) teve uma carreira prolífica que durou mais de 40 anos. Tanto seu trabalho, quanto sua vida, foram amplamente divulgados pela imprensa brasileira, nas mais diversas publicações, desde a década de 1920. O diretor também foi o responsável por levar às telas três filmes de um dos primeiros super vilões da história do cinema, o Dr. Mabuse, obra do escritor luxemburguês Norbert Jacques: Dr Mabuse, o jogador (1922), O testamento do Dr. Mabuse (1933) e Os mil olhos do Dr. Mabuse (1960). A partir da pergunta inicial de pesquisa, “Como se deu a representação do personagem Dr. Mabuse e, também do diretor Fritz Lang pela imprensa brasileira?”, surgiu uma nova questão: “O que levava as publicações a noticiarem tantas informações a respeito do diretor?”. Deste modo, o objetivo principal desta tese é estabelecer a trajetória de Fritz Lang, o responsável por levar pela primeira vez o personagem Dr. Mabuse às telas através do que foi noticiado nas mais diferentes publicações brasileiras, entre as décadas de 1920 e 1990. A tese está dividida em quatro capítulos. No primeiro, traço um paralelo entre as publicações brasileiras sobre a vida e o perfil cinematográfico do diretor, e em como estas publicações são sintomáticas no que dizem respeito à construção de um Star System sobre Lang. O segundo trata da vida do diretor, e em como Lang construiu uma faceta biográfica, uma faceta publicitária e, outra performática politicamente. No terceiro, trago o personagem Dr. Mabuse como literatura e nas três adaptações cinematográficas realizadas por Lang. Finalmente, no último, trago a Metodologia - Hemerografia, baseada em Figueres (2013), e a técnica de análise que guiaram este trabalho - análise de conteúdo baseada em Kientz (1973) e Bardin (1977), bem como os resultados das análises decorrentes da coleta de materiais. Ao final deste trabalho foi possível concluir que Mabuse, no Brasil, nunca foi realmente lido com a profundidade metafórica que seus filmes possuem. Mas as publicações tiveram êxito em ler o personagem como o vilão que ele representa. E, tudo o que era publicado a respeito de Lang e seu trabalho não eram informações necessárias à manutenção da sociedade, contudo, eram notícias agradáveis e de fácil leitura. Eram informações que o público gostaria de ler, por ser consumidor de seus filmes. Palavras-chave: Cinema. Dr. Mabuse. Fritz Lang. Hemerografia. Imprensa brasileira. Personagem. 8 Abstract Austrian director Fritz Lang (1890 - 1973) had a prolific career that lasted more than 40 years. Both his work and his life were widely disseminated by the Brazilian press in the most diverse publications since the 1920s. The director was also responsible for bringing to the screens three films of one of the first super villains in film history, Dr. Mabuse, work of the Luxembourg writer Norbert Jacques: Dr Mabuse, the gambler (1922), The Testament of Dr. Mabuse (1933) and The Thousand Eyes of Dr. Mabuse (1960). From the initial research question, "How did the character Dr. Mabuse and also the director Fritz Lang were represented by the Brazilian press?", a new question arose: "What led the publications to report so much information about the director?". Thus, the main objective of this thesis is to establish the trajectory of the character "Dr. Mabuse ", as well as Fritz Lang, the person responsible for bringing the character to the screen for the first time through what was reported in the most different Brazilian publications between the 1920s and 1990s. The thesis is divided into four chapters. In the first, there is a parallel between the Brazilian publications on the life and the cinematographic profile of the director, and in how these publications are symptomatic in what concerns the construction of a Star System on Lang. The second deals with the life of the director, and in how Lang constructed a biographical facet, an advertising advertising facet, and another politically performative. In the third, I bring the character Dr. Mabuse as literature and in the three cinematographic adaptations made by Lang. Finally, in the latter, I bring the Methodology - Hemerography, based on Figueres (2013), and the technique of analysis that guided this work - content analysis based on Kientz (1973) and Bardin (1977), as well as the results of the analyzes the collection of materials. At the end of this work it was possible to conclude that Mabuse, in Brazil, was never really read with the metaphorical depth that his films have. But the publications have succeeded in reading the character as the villain he represents. And everything that was published about Lang and his work was not information necessary for the maintenance of society, but it was pleasant news and easy to read. They were information the public would like to read, for being a consumer of his films. Key Words: Cinema. Dr. Mabuse. Fritz Lang. Hemerography. Brazilian press. Character. 9 Abstrakt Der österreichische Regisseur Fritz Lang (1890 - 1973) hatte eine über 40- jährige Karriere. Sowohl seine Arbeit als auch sein Leben wurden in den verschiedensten Publikationen seit den 1920er Jahren von der brasilianischen Presse weit verbreitet. Der Regisseur war auch dafür verantwortlich, drei Filme eines der ersten Superschurken der Filmgeschichte, Dr. Mabuse, des luxemburgischen Schriftstellers Norbert Jacques, auf die Leinwand zu bringen: Dr. Mabuse, der Spieler (1922), Das Testament des Dr. Mabuse (1933) und Die tausend Augen des Dr. Mabuse (1960). Aus der Anfangsfrage der Forschung, "Wie war die Darstellung der Figur Dr. Mabuse und auch des Regisseurs Fritz Lang durch die brasilianische Presse?", eine neue Frage ist entstanden: "Was hat die Publikationen dazu gebracht, so viele Informationen über den Regisseur zu berichten?". Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit ist es daher, die Flugbahn des Charakters "Dr. Mabuse "und auch von Fritz Lang, der Person, die den Charakter zum ersten Mal ins Kino brachte, durch das, was in den unterschiedlichsten brasilianischen Publikationen
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