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COL·LECCIÓ VOCABULARIS 1. Vocabulari jurídic 2. Vocabulari nàutic 3. Vocabulari de futbol 4. Vocabulari del joc de pilota 5. Vocabulari d’economia d’economia D’economia Vocabulari d’economia València 2011 Col·lecció Vocabularis, 5 © Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua, 2011 Edita: Publicacions de l’Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua Avinguda de la Constitució, 284. 46019 València [email protected] - www.avl.gva.es Disseny de la col·lecció: Collage-no Coop. V. Impressió: Gráficas Alcoy ISBN: 978-84-482-5571-8 Depòsit legal: A-426-2011 Índex Índex ____________________________________________________________________ Presentació 7 __________________________________________________________________ Criteris d’ús 11 ___________________________________________________________________ Vocabulari d’economia 15 _________________________________________________________________ aPèndix i. Vocabulari castellà-valencià 245 _________________________________________________________________ aPèndix II. Vocabulari anglés-valencià 297 PresentacióPresentació s de tots sabut que, en els últims anys, el nostre llenguatge quotidià ha rebut una allau de neologismes procedents de l’àmbit de l’economia. així, mots, locucions i sigles que fins ara havien estat circumscrits a Éobres tècniques o a àmbits molt específics (com ara deflació, lísing, locaut, rendiment nominal, tipus d’interés compost, IBAN, OPA, TAE, etc.) apareixen constantment en els mitjans de comunicació de massa i han passat a for- mar part del lèxic habitual de la major part dels ciutadans. no és menys cert, però, que esta proliferació de nous conceptes presenta una doble proble- màtica lingüística: d’una banda, la necessària fixació de la forma valenciana de paraules procedents majoritàriament de l’anglés i, d’una altra, la falta de precisió en la utilització d’estos termes o, fins i tot, el desconeixement del seu significat. L’acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua presenta este vocabulari plena- ment conscient de la creixent rellevància que té l’economia en l’actualitat i de la necessitat de donar resposta a les demandes lingüístiques d’una socie- tat moderna i canviant. al mateix temps, amb la publicació d’esta obra, se satisfà la petició expressa de la Sindicatura de Comptes, organisme que ha posat de manifest la importància de posar a l’abast de la societat valenciana un vocabulari d’estes característiques i que, amb els seus suggeriments, ha enriquit substancialment este treball. atenent totes estes consideracions, l’objectiu fonamental d’esta publi- cació, emmarcada dins de la col·lecció «Vocabularis» i elaborada a través de la Secció d’assessorament Lingüístic, no és només fixar la forma valenciana d’un ampli nombre de termes relacionats amb l’economia (el vocabulari n’ar- replega més de nou mil), sinó també oferir-ne al ciutadà una definició sen- zilla i intel·ligible. a més, el vocabulari proporciona la traducció al castellà i a l’anglés de tots els conceptes incorporats, així com dos apèndixs en què es partix d’estes llengües per a donar l’equivalència en valencià. d’esta manera, l’usuari disposa de diverses vies per a accedir a la forma valenciana correcta. no cal dir que l’aVL, com sempre, està oberta a totes aquelles aporta- cions que els potencials lectors d’este vocabulari ens facen arribar i que, de segur, contribuiran a millorar posteriors edicions de l’obra que ara tenen en les seues mans. Ascensió Figueres górriz Presidenta de l’acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua Criteris Criteris d’ús d’ús criteris d’ús a fi de poder manejar adequadament el present vocabulari i entendre el sentit precís de cada marca, cal tindre en compte les indicacions següents: 1. Cada entrada del diccionari està constituïda bàsicament per un lema, que pot constar d’una o més paraules, escrit en color blau i en negreta; la categoria gramatical, escrita en cursiva, i la definició, escrita en redona. a continuació, en línia a banda i precedides d’un redolí, s’indiquen les equivalències en castellà i en anglés amb les abreviatures cast. i angl., respectivament: filial f. Empresa o societat amb personalitat jurídica pròpia el capital de la qual queda majoritàriament en mans d’una altra entitat mercantil. • cast. filial. angl. subsidiary. obligació garantida f. Obligació que, a més de la garantia pròpia de l’emissor, disposa d’una garantia externa, com ara un aval exterior, una hipoteca o la garantia de l’Estat. • cast. obligación garantizada. angl. guaranteed bond. 2. Si una entrada té diversos significats, cada accepció és encapçalada per un número d’orde, escrit en negreta: importació f. 1. adquisició de béns o de servicis procedents d’un altre país. 2. allò que s’importa. • cast. importación. angl. 1. importation. 2. imports. 3. En el cas que les diverses accepcions d’una entrada tinguen traduccions diferents al castellà o a l’anglés, s’especifica, mitjançant la referència al número d’accepció, l’equivalència que correspon a cada accepció: obligació f. 1. Compromís de pagar una suma determinada. 2. Situació jurídica en què una persona, anomenada creditor, té un dret que li permet exigir d’una altra persona, anomenada deutor, una determinada conducta de contingut patrimonial, consistent a fer, deixar de fer o entregar alguna cosa. 3. Títol valor de renda fixa emés per l’Estat, per una empresa o per una entitat bancària, a fi d’aconseguir finançament alié per a les seues activitats. • cast. obligación. angl. 1 i 2. obligation. 3. debenture. 12 criteris d’ús 4. Si una paraula presenta variació entre la forma de masculí i la de femení, el morfema de femení s’indica després del lema precedit d’un guionet, i exactament igual en l’equivalent castellà o en l’anglés, si és el cas: empresari ‑ària m. i f. Persona que dirigix una empresa o que té part en una empresa. • cast. empresario -ria. angl. businessman -woman. 5. Les formes considerades secundàries s’escriuen a continuació de les formes principals entre parèntesis, precedides de la conjunció o: accionista (o accioniste ‑a) m. i f. Persona que posseïx accions d’una societat. • cast. accionista. angl. shareholder, stockholder. 6. En el cas que la categoria gramatical de la paraula equivalent en castellà no coincidisca amb la categoria del lema, s’indica posant entre parèntesis, a continuació de la paraula castellana, la categoria gramatical que li correspon: finançamentm. aportació dels recursos dineraris necessaris per a la creació o el funcionament d’una empresa, el desplegament d’un projecte o la realització d’una activitat. • cast. financiación (f.). angl. financing. 7. Els estrangerismes no adaptats estan entrats en cursiva i amb l’abreviatura corresponent de l’idioma de procedència entre claudàtors, indicant així de manera explícita la forma com cal escriure’ls quan són utilitzats en un text qualsevol: cash flow [angl.] m. Flux de caixa. • cast. cash flow. angl. cash flow. 13 Abreviatures utilitzades adj. adjectiu angl. anglés cast. castellà f. substantiu femení inv. invariable loc. adj. locució adjectival loc. adv. locució adverbial m. substantiu masculí m. i f. substantiu masculí i femení pl. plural sing. singular v. intr. verb intransitiu v. pron. verb pronominal v. tr. verb transitiu Vocabulari d’economia A A a comissió loc. adv. Rebent una part a la baixa loc. adv. i adj. Que s’efectua dels diners de les vendes. (una operació mercantil o borsària) • cast. a comisión. angl. on commis- preveient la disminució dels preus o sion. de les cotitzacions. a compte loc. adv. de bestreta. • cast. a la baja. angl. bearish. • cast. a cuenta. angl. on account. a la bestreta loc. adv. de bestreta. a crèdit loc. adv. ajornant el pagament, • cast. por adelantado. angl. in ad- A fiant. vance. • cast. a crédito. angl. on credit. a la menuda loc. adv. i adj. al detall. economi ’ a curt termini loc. adj. Que té un ven- • cast. al por menor. angl. retail. d ciment inferior a un any i, en alguns a la vista loc. adj. Que és (un depòsit casos, a díhuit mesos. o un compte corrent bancari) total- a • cast. a corto plazo. angl. short- ment exigible a un termini determi- term. nat, o que (una lletra de canvi) té ri a estall loc. adv. Per un preu o una quan- com a data de venciment el dia de A bul titat fixats prèviament. la seua presentació al deutor. A • cast. a destajo. angl. piecework. • cast. a la vista. angl. on sight. voc a fons perdut loc. adv. i adj. Sense es- a llarg termini loc. adj. Que té un ven- perar traure’n benefici ni recuperar ciment superior a cinc anys. el capital. • cast. a largo plazo. angl. long-term. • cast. a fondo perdido. angl. non- a mitjà termini loc. adj. Que té un recoverable funds. venciment comprés entre un any o a l’alça loc. adv. i adj. Que s’efectua (una díhuit mesos i, habitualment, cinc operació mercantil o borsària) pre- anys. veient l’augment dels preus o de les • cast. a medio plazo. angl. medium- cotitzacions. term. • cast. al alza. angl. bullish. a peu de fàbrica loc. adv. Condició co- a l’engròs loc. adv. i adj. En gros. mercial que limita la responsabilitat • cast. al por mayor. angl. wholesale. del venedor a tindre a disposició del a l’orde de loc. prep. Clàusula que pot comprador, en la seua fàbrica o en el aparéixer en un títol valor, segons seu magatzem, la mercaderia espe- la qual una persona física o jurídica cificada, de manera que, a partir de pot transmetre la seua propietat a l’entrega, el comprador ha de pagar una altra per endós del document. el carregament, el transport i la resta • cast. a la orden de. angl. to the or- de despeses. der of. • cast. a pie de fábrica. angl. ex-works. 17 a preu fet loc. adv. a estall. abonar v. tr. 1. inscriure (una partida a • cast. a destajo. angl. piecework. favor d’algú) en un compte corrent.
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